Dynamic Substructuring Focus Group Wiki sem https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.39.7 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Dynamic Substructuring Focus Group Wiki Dynamic Substructuring Focus Group Wiki talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Module Module talk Gadget Gadget talk Gadget definition Gadget definition talk 0 1 1 2012-02-29T16:43:45Z MediaWiki default 0 wikitext text/x-wiki '''MediaWiki has been successfully installed.''' Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. == Getting started == * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list] * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/mediawiki-announce MediaWiki release mailing list] b7a3846f2c55072191227d89a3204fe379288fee 2 1 2012-02-29T16:54:37Z MSAllen 1 moved [[Main Page]] to [[Dynamic Substructuring Wiki]]: Main page is not very descriptive wikitext text/x-wiki '''MediaWiki has been successfully installed.''' Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. == Getting started == * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list] * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/mediawiki-announce MediaWiki release mailing list] b7a3846f2c55072191227d89a3204fe379288fee 4 2 2012-02-29T17:19:50Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki == Getting started == * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list] * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/mediawiki-announce MediaWiki release mailing list] c1d0531523890eb604e4e2875ba6342942b57a41 5 4 2012-02-29T17:20:37Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the dynamics substructuring group web space.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. [[Usage Guidelines]] If anyone has/wants to make a logo for the group, you can upload it and we will change the current one. == Main Pages == Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. | [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] Here are models developed by contributors | [[:Category:Models|Models]] Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine | [[Test Bed Information]] == Getting started == * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list] * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/mediawiki-announce MediaWiki release mailing list] c61288c5642377f9470e077ae954353b79f58fd2 0 2 3 2012-02-29T16:54:37Z MSAllen 1 moved [[Main Page]] to [[Dynamic Substructuring Wiki]]: Main page is not very descriptive wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Dynamic Substructuring Wiki]] fff3b7f7a4f3ea70bcd91582fad26f525c477e95 0 3 6 2012-02-29T17:21:04Z Drohe 2 Created page with "Here are some best practices for contributing for this Wiki. == Creating Pages == * Pages are linked based on their names. For long names, it can get confusing to remember t..." wikitext text/x-wiki Here are some best practices for contributing for this Wiki. == Creating Pages == * Pages are linked based on their names. For long names, it can get confusing to remember the page name. You can use redirects to help. * Use Categories <nowiki>[[Category:</nowiki>''Category Name''<nowiki>]]</nowiki> to organize pages into logical groups. * Please tag all model pages with <nowiki>[[Category:Models]]</nowiki> and all tests with <nowiki>[[Category:Experiments]]</nowiki> to automatically include them in the list of all models/experiments in the navigation bar. * Feel free to create pages explaining techniques that you use or anything else. == Uploading Files == * Files are uploaded and stored by name. To ensure that nobody overwrites anyone else's data, please include a suffix or prefix identifying who uploaded it. Example: There will probably be a few turbine tests, so I called photos/data from Wisconsin's Turbine tests 'UW_Full_Turbine_Accel_Mount.jpg' * As of writing this, our server has about 31 GB of file space left. This is quite a bit, but try to be reasonable with file sizes. * If you need to upload a file larger than 100 MB, contact Matt Allen (msallen@engr.wisc.edu) or Dan Rohe (drohe@wisc.edu) and we can change the upload limits. * It probably goes without saying, but don't upload any malicious files to the Wiki. By default MediaWiki (the software that this Wiki runs on) will warn you about file name extensions that it doesn't recognize or that may be used to contain harmful code. Everything we upload here should be safe, but there is always the possibility of outside intrusion. 1cc07553154178852bb3b4271816ca293dc77a41 41 6 2012-02-29T18:32:18Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki Here are some best practices for contributing for this Wiki. == Creating Pages == * Pages are linked based on their names. For long names, it can get confusing to remember the page name. You can use redirects to help. * Use Categories <nowiki>[[Category:</nowiki>''Category Name''<nowiki>]]</nowiki> to organize pages into logical groups. * Please tag all model pages with <nowiki>[[Category:Models]]</nowiki> and all tests with <nowiki>[[Category:Experiments]]</nowiki> to automatically include them in the list of all models/experiments in the navigation bar. * Feel free to create pages explaining techniques that you use or anything else. * Feel free to look at the source code of other pages to help you learn how to use the wiki syntax. It is quick to learn, but you may need a refresher from time to time. == Uploading Files == * Files are uploaded and stored by name. To ensure that nobody overwrites anyone else's data, please include a suffix or prefix identifying who uploaded it. Example: There will probably be a few turbine tests, so I called photos/data from Wisconsin's Turbine tests 'UW_Full_Turbine_Accel_Mount.jpg' * There is currently no quota on file uploads, but our hosting tells us to 'please be reasonable'. * If you need to upload a file larger than 32 MB, we may need to externally host the file. * It probably goes without saying, but don't upload any malicious files to the Wiki. By default MediaWiki (the software that this Wiki runs on) will warn you about file name extensions that it doesn't recognize or that may be used to contain harmful code. Everything we upload here should be safe, but there is always the possibility of outside intrusion. == Discussion Pages== * Discussion pages can be used to comment on or ask questions about another group's results or techniques, instead of editing their page directly. 86bab5fb495ad98b94ba218c9d882558c183d1d7 42 41 2012-02-29T18:33:17Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki Here are some best practices for contributing for this Wiki. == Creating Pages == * Pages are linked based on their names. For long names, it can get confusing to remember the page name. You can use redirects to help. * Use Categories <nowiki>[[Category:</nowiki>''Category Name''<nowiki>]]</nowiki> to organize pages into logical groups. * Please tag all model pages with <nowiki>[[Category:Models]]</nowiki> and all tests with <nowiki>[[Category:Experiments]]</nowiki> to automatically include them in the list of all models/experiments in the navigation bar. * Feel free to create pages explaining techniques that you use or anything else. * Feel free to look at the source code of other pages to help you learn how to use the wiki syntax. It is quick to learn, but you may need a refresher from time to time. == Uploading Files == * Files are uploaded and stored by name. To ensure that nobody overwrites anyone else's data, please include a suffix or prefix identifying who uploaded it. Example: There will probably be a few turbine tests, so I called photos/data from Wisconsin's Turbine tests 'UW_Full_Turbine_Accel_Mount.jpg' * There is currently no quota on file uploads, but our hosting tells us to 'please be reasonable'. * If you need to upload a file larger than 32 MB, try to compress it. Otherwise we may need to externally host the file. We don't have direct control over this as another group controls our server. * It probably goes without saying, but don't upload any malicious files to the Wiki. By default MediaWiki (the software that this Wiki runs on) will warn you about file name extensions that it doesn't recognize or that may be used to contain harmful code. Everything we upload here should be safe, but there is always the possibility of outside intrusion. == Discussion Pages== * Discussion pages can be used to comment on or ask questions about another group's results or techniques, instead of editing their page directly. ca0f751d8401fd271733fe8dce0f6eeaf892059d 43 42 2012-02-29T18:36:23Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki Here are some best practices for contributing for this Wiki. == Creating Pages == * Pages are linked based on their names. For long names, it can get confusing to remember the page name. You can use redirects to help. * Use Categories <nowiki>[[Category:</nowiki>''Category Name''<nowiki>]]</nowiki> to organize pages into logical groups. * Please tag all model pages with <nowiki>[[Category:Models]]</nowiki> and all tests with <nowiki>[[Category:Experiments]]</nowiki> to automatically include them in the list of all models/experiments in the navigation bar. * Feel free to create pages explaining techniques that you use or anything else. * Feel free to look at the source code of other pages to help you learn how to use the wiki syntax. It is quick to learn, but you may need a refresher from time to time. == Uploading Files == * Files are uploaded and stored by name. To ensure that nobody overwrites anyone else's data, please include a suffix or prefix identifying who uploaded it. Example: There will probably be a few turbine tests, so I called photos/data from Wisconsin's Turbine tests 'UW_Full_Turbine_Accel_Mount.jpg' * There is currently no quota on file uploads, but our hosting tells us to 'please be reasonable'. * If you need to upload a file larger than 32 MB, try to compress it. Otherwise we may need to externally host the file. We don't have direct control over this as another group controls our server. * Typically a ascii text file will compress fairly well, so this may be a good format for data. * It probably goes without saying, but don't upload any malicious files to the Wiki. By default MediaWiki (the software that this Wiki runs on) will warn you about file name extensions that it doesn't recognize or that may be used to contain harmful code. Everything we upload here should be safe, but there is always the possibility of outside intrusion. == Discussion Pages== * Discussion pages can be used to comment on or ask questions about another group's results or techniques, instead of editing their page directly. a175ce9b9fbd43f05b71099f781ec6c58ea89427 44 43 2012-02-29T18:39:42Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki Here are some best practices for contributing for this Wiki. == Creating Pages == * Pages are linked based on their names. For long names, it can get confusing to remember the page name. You can use redirects to help. * Use Categories <nowiki>[[Category:</nowiki>''Category Name''<nowiki>]]</nowiki> to organize pages into logical groups. * Please tag all model pages with <nowiki>[[Category:Models]]</nowiki> and all tests with <nowiki>[[Category:Experiments]]</nowiki> to automatically include them in the list of all models/experiments in the navigation bar. * Feel free to create pages explaining techniques that you use or anything else. * Feel free to look at the source code of other pages to help you learn how to use the wiki syntax. It is quick to learn, but you may need a refresher from time to time. == Uploading Files == * Files are uploaded and stored by name. To ensure that nobody overwrites anyone else's data, please include a suffix or prefix identifying who uploaded it. Example: There will probably be a few turbine tests, so I called photos/data from Wisconsin's Turbine tests 'UW_Full_Turbine_Accel_Mount.jpg' * There is currently no quota on file uploads, but our hosting tells us to 'please be reasonable'. * If you need to upload a file larger than 32 MB, try to compress it. Otherwise we may need to externally host the file. We don't have direct control over this as another group controls our server. * Typically a ascii text file will compress fairly well, so this may be a good format for data. * Programs such as [[http://www.rarlab.com/| WinRAR]] can compress large files and split them into volumes for easier uploading. This may become a hassle if many volumes are needed. * It probably goes without saying, but don't upload any malicious files to the Wiki. By default MediaWiki (the software that this Wiki runs on) will warn you about file name extensions that it doesn't recognize or that may be used to contain harmful code. Everything we upload here should be safe, but there is always the possibility of outside intrusion. == Discussion Pages== * Discussion pages can be used to comment on or ask questions about another group's results or techniques, instead of editing their page directly. 454951b96dd86bf3aa341043ce0ca960e52a6fb5 45 44 2012-02-29T18:39:56Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki Here are some best practices for contributing for this Wiki. == Creating Pages == * Pages are linked based on their names. For long names, it can get confusing to remember the page name. You can use redirects to help. * Use Categories <nowiki>[[Category:</nowiki>''Category Name''<nowiki>]]</nowiki> to organize pages into logical groups. * Please tag all model pages with <nowiki>[[Category:Models]]</nowiki> and all tests with <nowiki>[[Category:Experiments]]</nowiki> to automatically include them in the list of all models/experiments in the navigation bar. * Feel free to create pages explaining techniques that you use or anything else. * Feel free to look at the source code of other pages to help you learn how to use the wiki syntax. It is quick to learn, but you may need a refresher from time to time. == Uploading Files == * Files are uploaded and stored by name. To ensure that nobody overwrites anyone else's data, please include a suffix or prefix identifying who uploaded it. Example: There will probably be a few turbine tests, so I called photos/data from Wisconsin's Turbine tests 'UW_Full_Turbine_Accel_Mount.jpg' * There is currently no quota on file uploads, but our hosting tells us to 'please be reasonable'. * If you need to upload a file larger than 32 MB, try to compress it. Otherwise we may need to externally host the file. We don't have direct control over this as another group controls our server. * Typically a ascii text file will compress fairly well, so this may be a good format for data. * Programs such as [http://www.rarlab.com/| WinRAR] can compress large files and split them into volumes for easier uploading. This may become a hassle if many volumes are needed. * It probably goes without saying, but don't upload any malicious files to the Wiki. By default MediaWiki (the software that this Wiki runs on) will warn you about file name extensions that it doesn't recognize or that may be used to contain harmful code. Everything we upload here should be safe, but there is always the possibility of outside intrusion. == Discussion Pages== * Discussion pages can be used to comment on or ask questions about another group's results or techniques, instead of editing their page directly. 77ae237cb4ab093c3a97ffe9eaf0ce0f76cf77b1 46 45 2012-02-29T18:40:35Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki Here are some best practices for contributing for this Wiki. == Creating Pages == * Pages are linked based on their names. For long names, it can get confusing to remember the page name. You can use redirects to help. * Use Categories <nowiki>[[Category:</nowiki>''Category Name''<nowiki>]]</nowiki> to organize pages into logical groups. * Please tag all model pages with <nowiki>[[Category:Models]]</nowiki> and all tests with <nowiki>[[Category:Experiments]]</nowiki> to automatically include them in the list of all models/experiments in the navigation bar. * Feel free to create pages explaining techniques that you use or anything else. * Feel free to look at the source code of other pages to help you learn how to use the wiki syntax. It is quick to learn, but you may need a refresher from time to time. == Uploading Files == * Files are uploaded and stored by name. To ensure that nobody overwrites anyone else's data, please include a suffix or prefix identifying who uploaded it. Example: There will probably be a few turbine tests, so I called photos/data from Wisconsin's Turbine tests 'UW_Full_Turbine_Accel_Mount.jpg' * There is currently no quota on file uploads, but our hosting tells us to 'please be reasonable'. * If you need to upload a file larger than 32 MB, try to compress it. Otherwise we may need to externally host the file. We don't have direct control over this as another group controls our server. * Typically a ascii text file will compress fairly well, so this may be a good format for data. * Programs such as [http://www.rarlab.com | WinRAR] can compress large files and split them into volumes for easier uploading. This may become a hassle if many volumes are needed. * It probably goes without saying, but don't upload any malicious files to the Wiki. By default MediaWiki (the software that this Wiki runs on) will warn you about file name extensions that it doesn't recognize or that may be used to contain harmful code. Everything we upload here should be safe, but there is always the possibility of outside intrusion. == Discussion Pages== * Discussion pages can be used to comment on or ask questions about another group's results or techniques, instead of editing their page directly. f94d825a086a3f2c8b3d0e1ae67d2c7b516db51a 47 46 2012-02-29T18:40:49Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki Here are some best practices for contributing for this Wiki. == Creating Pages == * Pages are linked based on their names. For long names, it can get confusing to remember the page name. You can use redirects to help. * Use Categories <nowiki>[[Category:</nowiki>''Category Name''<nowiki>]]</nowiki> to organize pages into logical groups. * Please tag all model pages with <nowiki>[[Category:Models]]</nowiki> and all tests with <nowiki>[[Category:Experiments]]</nowiki> to automatically include them in the list of all models/experiments in the navigation bar. * Feel free to create pages explaining techniques that you use or anything else. * Feel free to look at the source code of other pages to help you learn how to use the wiki syntax. It is quick to learn, but you may need a refresher from time to time. == Uploading Files == * Files are uploaded and stored by name. To ensure that nobody overwrites anyone else's data, please include a suffix or prefix identifying who uploaded it. Example: There will probably be a few turbine tests, so I called photos/data from Wisconsin's Turbine tests 'UW_Full_Turbine_Accel_Mount.jpg' * There is currently no quota on file uploads, but our hosting tells us to 'please be reasonable'. * If you need to upload a file larger than 32 MB, try to compress it. Otherwise we may need to externally host the file. We don't have direct control over this as another group controls our server. * Typically a ascii text file will compress fairly well, so this may be a good format for data. * Programs such as [http://www.rarlab.com WinRAR] can compress large files and split them into volumes for easier uploading. This may become a hassle if many volumes are needed. * It probably goes without saying, but don't upload any malicious files to the Wiki. By default MediaWiki (the software that this Wiki runs on) will warn you about file name extensions that it doesn't recognize or that may be used to contain harmful code. Everything we upload here should be safe, but there is always the possibility of outside intrusion. == Discussion Pages== * Discussion pages can be used to comment on or ask questions about another group's results or techniques, instead of editing their page directly. deb3ae239863eabfbbef26f81a14930184ce9e0a 49 47 2012-02-29T18:51:25Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki Here are some best practices for contributing for this Wiki. == Creating Pages == * Pages are linked based on their names. For long names, it can get confusing to remember the page name. You can use redirects to help. * Use Categories <nowiki>[[Category:</nowiki>''Category Name''<nowiki>]]</nowiki> to organize pages into logical groups. * Please tag all model pages with <nowiki>[[Category:Models]]</nowiki> and all tests with <nowiki>[[Category:Experiments]]</nowiki> to automatically include them in the list of all models/experiments in the navigation bar. * Feel free to create pages explaining techniques that you use or anything else. * Feel free to look at the source code of other pages to help you learn how to use the wiki syntax. It is quick to learn, but you may need a refresher from time to time. == Uploading Files == * Files are uploaded and stored by name. To ensure that nobody overwrites anyone else's data, please include a suffix or prefix identifying who uploaded it. Example: There will probably be a few turbine tests, so I called photos/data from Wisconsin's Turbine tests 'UW_Full_Turbine_Accel_Mount.jpg' * There is currently no quota on file uploads, but our hosting tells us to 'please be reasonable'. * If you need to upload a file larger than 32 MB, try to compress it. Otherwise we may need to externally host the file. We don't have direct control over this as another group controls our server. *.zip files run into trouble with the server, try using [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] to compress as an *.rar file. * Typically a ascii text file will compress fairly well, so this may be a good format for data. * Programs such as [http://www.rarlab.com WinRAR] can compress large files and split them into volumes for easier uploading. This may become a hassle if many volumes are needed. * It probably goes without saying, but don't upload any malicious files to the Wiki. By default MediaWiki (the software that this Wiki runs on) will warn you about file name extensions that it doesn't recognize or that may be used to contain harmful code. Everything we upload here should be safe, but there is always the possibility of outside intrusion. == Discussion Pages== * Discussion pages can be used to comment on or ask questions about another group's results or techniques, instead of editing their page directly. 7a70d0173d85a597b79e5ba9f570a5026d16198d 52 49 2012-02-29T19:05:36Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki Here are some best practices for contributing for this Wiki. == Creating Pages == * Pages are linked based on their names. For long names, it can get confusing to remember the page name. You can use redirects to help. * Use Categories <nowiki>[[Category:</nowiki>''Category Name''<nowiki>]]</nowiki> to organize pages into logical groups. * Please tag all model pages with <nowiki>[[Category:Models]]</nowiki> and all tests with <nowiki>[[Category:Experiments]]</nowiki> to automatically include them in the list of all models/experiments in the navigation bar. * Feel free to create pages explaining techniques that you use or anything else. * Feel free to look at the source code of other pages to help you learn how to use the wiki syntax. It is quick to learn, but you may need a refresher from time to time. == Uploading Files == * Files are uploaded and stored by name. To ensure that nobody overwrites anyone else's data, please include a suffix or prefix identifying who uploaded it. Example: There will probably be a few turbine tests, so I called photos/data from Wisconsin's Turbine tests 'UW_Full_Turbine_Accel_Mount.jpg' * There is currently no quota on file uploads, but our hosting tells us to 'please be reasonable'. * If you need to upload a file larger than 32 MB, try to compress it. Otherwise we may need to externally host the file. We don't have direct control over this as another group controls our server. * Typically a ascii text file will compress fairly well, so this may be a good format for data. * Programs such as [http://www.rarlab.com WinRAR] can compress large files and split them into volumes for easier uploading. This may become a hassle if many volumes are needed. * Sometimes with compressed files, the server security will think that the file is malicious when it is not. * It probably goes without saying, but don't upload any malicious files to the Wiki. By default MediaWiki (the software that this Wiki runs on) will warn you about file name extensions that it doesn't recognize or that may be used to contain harmful code. Everything we upload here should be safe, but there is always the possibility of outside intrusion. == Discussion Pages== * Discussion pages can be used to comment on or ask questions about another group's results or techniques, instead of editing their page directly. 13a391d2087c38fbe83090ac7243db4a617b4c84 58 52 2012-02-29T19:26:01Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki Here are some best practices for contributing for this Wiki. == Creating Pages == * Pages are linked based on their names. For long names, it can get confusing to remember the page name. You can use redirects to help. * Use Categories <nowiki>[[Category:</nowiki>''Category Name''<nowiki>]]</nowiki> to organize pages into logical groups. * Please tag all model pages with <nowiki>[[Category:Models]]</nowiki> and all tests with <nowiki>[[Category:Experiments]]</nowiki> to automatically include them in the list of all models/experiments in the navigation bar. * Feel free to create pages explaining techniques that you use or anything else. * Feel free to look at the source code of other pages to help you learn how to use the wiki syntax. It is quick to learn, but you may need a refresher from time to time. == Uploading Files == * Files are uploaded and stored by name. To ensure that nobody overwrites anyone else's data, please include a suffix or prefix identifying who uploaded it. Example: There will probably be a few turbine tests, so I called photos/data from Wisconsin's Turbine tests 'UW_Full_Turbine_Accel_Mount.jpg' * There is currently no quota on file uploads, but our hosting tells us to 'please be reasonable'. * If you need to upload a file larger than 32 MB, try to compress it. * If the compressed file is still too large or you run into security issues trying to upload the file (the security software sometimes reads false positives on compressed files), send a message to Dan Rohe or Matt Allen. We can manually place your file on the wiki by accessing the server directly. * It probably goes without saying, but don't upload any malicious files to the Wiki. By default MediaWiki (the software that this Wiki runs on) will warn you about file name extensions that it doesn't recognize or that may be used to contain harmful code. Everything we upload here should be safe, but there is always the possibility of outside intrusion. == Discussion Pages== * Discussion pages can be used to comment on or ask questions about another group's results or techniques, instead of editing their page directly. ac2babbbc022bc2cf0efdba69f2eace2c3b52088 59 58 2012-02-29T19:26:30Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki Here are some best practices for contributing for this Wiki. == Creating Pages == * Pages are linked based on their names. For long names, it can get confusing to remember the page name. You can use redirects to help. * Use Categories <nowiki>[[Category:</nowiki>''Category Name''<nowiki>]]</nowiki> to organize pages into logical groups. * Please tag all model pages with <nowiki>[[Category:Models]]</nowiki> and all tests with <nowiki>[[Category:Experiments]]</nowiki> to automatically include them in the list of all models/experiments in the navigation bar. * Feel free to create pages explaining techniques that you use or anything else. * Feel free to look at the source code of other pages to help you learn how to use the wiki syntax. It is quick to learn, but you may need a refresher from time to time. == Uploading Files == * Files are uploaded and stored by name. To ensure that nobody overwrites anyone else's data, please include a suffix or prefix identifying who uploaded it. Example: There will probably be a few turbine tests, so I called photos/data from Wisconsin's Turbine tests 'UW_Full_Turbine_Accel_Mount.jpg' * There is currently no quota on file uploads, but our hosting tells us to 'please be reasonable'. * If you need to upload a file larger than 32 MB, try to compress it. * If the compressed file is still too large or you run into security issues trying to upload the file (the security software sometimes reads false positives on compressed files), send a message to Dan Rohe (drohe) or Matt Allen (msallen). We can manually place your file on the wiki by accessing the server directly. * It probably goes without saying, but don't upload any malicious files to the Wiki. By default MediaWiki (the software that this Wiki runs on) will warn you about file name extensions that it doesn't recognize or that may be used to contain harmful code. Everything we upload here should be safe, but there is always the possibility of outside intrusion. == Discussion Pages== * Discussion pages can be used to comment on or ask questions about another group's results or techniques, instead of editing their page directly. 00fa0ec34fa474a62272c337c42d773413b1c1c9 8 4 7 2012-02-29T17:23:48Z Drohe 2 Created page with " * navigation ** mainpage|mainpage-description ** recentchanges-url|recentchanges ** randompage-url|randompage * Contributors ** Atomic Weapons Establishment|AWE ** Sandia Nat..." wikitext text/x-wiki * navigation ** mainpage|mainpage-description ** recentchanges-url|recentchanges ** randompage-url|randompage * Contributors ** Atomic Weapons Establishment|AWE ** Sandia National Laboratories|Sandia Labs ** University of Massachusetts at Lowell|UMass Lowell ** Wisconsin|Wisconsin ** Chalmers University|Chalmers ** University of Stuttgart|Stuttgart ** TU Delft|TU Delft * Data ** Category:Experiments|Experiments ** Category:Models|Models ** Category:Calculations|Calculations * SEARCH * TOOLBOX * LANGUAGES a0a1f426a07241396750bcc7d2f1d5ae2df6ea14 8 5 8 2012-02-29T17:30:35Z Drohe 2 Created page with "{{SITENAME}}" wikitext text/x-wiki {{SITENAME}} 3879910e8b355a24373fd09ccc909145b2639907 8 6 9 2012-02-29T17:31:15Z Drohe 2 Created page with "{{SITENAME}}" wikitext text/x-wiki {{SITENAME}} 3879910e8b355a24373fd09ccc909145b2639907 14 7 10 2012-02-29T17:32:10Z Drohe 2 Created page with "These groups are currently involved." wikitext text/x-wiki These groups are currently involved. efba267999dee8c2fea7d5df817c5a416c25a453 14 8 11 2012-02-29T17:33:03Z Drohe 2 Created page with "This page is an index of all experiments added so far. To add pages to this index, simply add <nowiki>[[Category:Experiments]]</nowiki> to the page's wiki text." wikitext text/x-wiki This page is an index of all experiments added so far. To add pages to this index, simply add <nowiki>[[Category:Experiments]]</nowiki> to the page's wiki text. 49a2b0250b57bdc6d8a7a686d5d9fe780ca065d3 14 9 12 2012-02-29T17:33:28Z Drohe 2 Created page with "Here is a list of any models we have created. To make your page appear here, tag it by adding <nowiki>[[Category:Models]]</nowiki> in the wiki text." wikitext text/x-wiki Here is a list of any models we have created. To make your page appear here, tag it by adding <nowiki>[[Category:Models]]</nowiki> in the wiki text. f0addbe398b284624720bd5c1ff1a8707deecdfb 0 10 13 2012-02-29T17:34:01Z Drohe 2 Created page with "The test bed that the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen is an Ampair 600 Wind Turbine. This turbine was purchased and then modified to decrease the nonlinearities..." wikitext text/x-wiki The test bed that the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen is an Ampair 600 Wind Turbine. This turbine was purchased and then modified to decrease the nonlinearities in the system. == Ampair 600 Wind Turbine == The Ampair 600 Wind Turbine we are working with is the stock wind turbine with some of the electrical 'guts' removed, and replaced with solid masses. The tail has also been replaced with a smaller version. The turbine hub and nacelle are fixed to a flag pole which is fixed to a large mass. This large mass is then floating on a trampoline to simulate a free-free test condition. More information can be found here: [[:File:Substructuring_Testbed_Assembly_Instructions.pdf|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:TestBedPoster.pdf|Testbed Poster]] 2315951156e6282ffb5c7d8bcd6d1dadbf7ff029 6 11 14 2012-02-29T17:38:37Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 0 14 17 2012-02-29T18:02:46Z Drohe 2 Created page with "Edit this page to add your own information. [[Category:Contributor]]" wikitext text/x-wiki Edit this page to add your own information. [[Category:Contributor]] 77feb423f199a0bb154ea484d8c877a854752736 0 15 18 2012-02-29T18:02:53Z Drohe 2 Created page with "Edit this page to add your own information. [[Category:Contributor]]" wikitext text/x-wiki Edit this page to add your own information. [[Category:Contributor]] 77feb423f199a0bb154ea484d8c877a854752736 0 16 19 2012-02-29T18:03:00Z Drohe 2 Created page with "Edit this page to add your own information. [[Category:Contributor]]" wikitext text/x-wiki Edit this page to add your own information. [[Category:Contributor]] 77feb423f199a0bb154ea484d8c877a854752736 0 17 20 2012-02-29T18:03:06Z Drohe 2 Created page with "Edit this page to add your own information. [[Category:Contributor]]" wikitext text/x-wiki Edit this page to add your own information. [[Category:Contributor]] 77feb423f199a0bb154ea484d8c877a854752736 25 20 2012-02-29T18:04:38Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of dis-assembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition, and attaching a blade to a turbine model. [[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] | [[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] | [[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] [[Category:Contributor]] cb75f6746e170e1fedf79f129b58cc9de79029c9 0 18 21 2012-02-29T18:03:12Z Drohe 2 Created page with "Edit this page to add your own information. [[Category:Contributor]]" wikitext text/x-wiki Edit this page to add your own information. [[Category:Contributor]] 77feb423f199a0bb154ea484d8c877a854752736 0 19 22 2012-02-29T18:03:18Z Drohe 2 Created page with "Edit this page to add your own information. [[Category:Contributor]]" wikitext text/x-wiki Edit this page to add your own information. [[Category:Contributor]] 77feb423f199a0bb154ea484d8c877a854752736 0 20 23 2012-02-29T18:03:23Z Drohe 2 Created page with "Edit this page to add your own information. [[Category:Contributor]]" wikitext text/x-wiki Edit this page to add your own information. [[Category:Contributor]] 77feb423f199a0bb154ea484d8c877a854752736 14 21 24 2012-02-29T18:04:03Z Drohe 2 Created page with "Here we will collect attempts at substructuring and other general calculations performed. To get a page into this index, insert <nowiki>[[Category:Calculations]]</nowiki> int..." wikitext text/x-wiki Here we will collect attempts at substructuring and other general calculations performed. To get a page into this index, insert <nowiki>[[Category:Calculations]]</nowiki> into the wiki text. c06fc2aefffacf67c09ca32fa22bed8f6e6f5a1d 0 22 26 2012-02-29T18:05:57Z Drohe 2 Created page with "This test was performed in early January 2012 Two sets of measurements were taken with varying accelerometer locations. The hammer was roved over approximately 40 points on ..." wikitext text/x-wiki This test was performed in early January 2012 Two sets of measurements were taken with varying accelerometer locations. The hammer was roved over approximately 40 points on the structure to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points, primarily on the blade. == Photos == [[File: UW_2Blade_Turbine.JPG|frame|x300px|none|2-bladed Turbine Configuration]] == Data and Geometry == == Results == [[Category:Experiments]] 0b7d5daa3e07a2ee78ef92eef739f7b7f6331f4e 0 24 28 2012-02-29T18:07:46Z Drohe 2 Created page with " == Mass-Loading Fixture == == Photos == == Data and Geometry == == Results == [[Category:Experiments]]" wikitext text/x-wiki == Mass-Loading Fixture == == Photos == == Data and Geometry == == Results == [[Category:Experiments]] 1160fb58faea520627304fcf691aea1bce7b3227 0 25 29 2012-02-29T18:08:21Z Drohe 2 Created page with "This test was performed in early January 2012 Two sets of measurement were taken with separate accelerometer positions. The hammer was roved over approximately 60 points on ..." wikitext text/x-wiki This test was performed in early January 2012 Two sets of measurement were taken with separate accelerometer positions. The hammer was roved over approximately 60 points on the structure to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points, primarily on the blades. == Photos == <gallery> Image:UW_Full_Test_Accel_Mount.jpg|Typical Blade Accelerometer Setup Image:UW_Full_Test_Accel_Mount_Hub.JPG|Hub Accelerometers, Triaxial and Single Axis Image:UW_Full_Turbine_Accel_Locs.jpg|All Accelerometers--Wires were secured for test </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. [[:File:UW_FullTurbine-Geometry-000.uff|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_FullTurbine_1-Export-000.uff|Dataset 1]] | [[:File:UW_FullTurbine_2-Export-000.uff|Dataset 2]] == Results == [[Category:Experiments]] 6310f94bc8bd3c26799145e24e7bc3ecceade1ab 60 29 2012-02-29T19:41:14Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki This test was performed in early January 2012 Two sets of measurement were taken with separate accelerometer positions. The hammer was roved over approximately 60 points on the structure to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points, primarily on the blades. == Photos == <gallery> Image:UW_Full_Test_Accel_Mount.jpg|Typical Blade Accelerometer Setup Image:UW_Full_Test_Accel_Mount_Hub.JPG|Hub Accelerometers, Triaxial and Single Axis Image:UW_Full_Turbine_Accel_Locs.jpg|All Accelerometers--Wires were secured for test </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_Full_Turbine_Geometry.uff|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_Full_Turbine_Test_1.rar|Dataset 1]] | [[:File:UW_Full_Turbine_Test_2.rar|Dataset 2]] == Results == [[Category:Experiments]] b40f9d82fd2f35c9acc6ec0994622b4fcfc03e54 65 60 2012-02-29T19:49:23Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki This test was performed in early January 2012 Two sets of measurement were taken with separate accelerometer positions. The hammer was roved over approximately 60 points on the structure to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points, primarily on the blades. == Test Information == Due to hardware limitations of 4 channels (3 accelerometers and 1 hammer) per test, the data was taken in two sets, using a total of 6 accelerometer locations. The accelerometers were placed off-center (to capture blade torsion) near the tips of the blades, and on the turbine nacelle. B+K Pulse Labshop software was used for data acquisition. == Photos == <gallery> Image:UW_Full_Test_Accel_Mount.jpg|Typical Blade Accelerometer Setup Image:UW_Full_Test_Accel_Mount_Hub.JPG|Hub Accelerometers, Triaxial and Single Axis Image:UW_Full_Turbine_Accel_Locs.jpg|All Accelerometers--Wires were secured for test </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_Full_Turbine_Geometry.uff|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_Full_Turbine_Test_1.rar|Dataset 1]] | [[:File:UW_Full_Turbine_Test_2.rar|Dataset 2]] == Results == [[Category:Experiments]] 20117799ca501c49ed1774b85689252633144511 66 65 2012-02-29T19:49:45Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki This test was performed in early January 2012 Two sets of measurement were taken with separate accelerometer positions. The hammer was roved over approximately 60 points on the structure to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points, primarily on the blades. == Test Information == Due to a hardware limitation of 4 channels (3 accelerometers and 1 hammer) per test, the data was taken in two sets, using a total of 6 accelerometer locations. The accelerometers were placed off-center (to capture blade torsion) near the tips of the blades, and on the turbine nacelle. B+K Pulse Labshop software was used for data acquisition. == Photos == <gallery> Image:UW_Full_Test_Accel_Mount.jpg|Typical Blade Accelerometer Setup Image:UW_Full_Test_Accel_Mount_Hub.JPG|Hub Accelerometers, Triaxial and Single Axis Image:UW_Full_Turbine_Accel_Locs.jpg|All Accelerometers--Wires were secured for test </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_Full_Turbine_Geometry.uff|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_Full_Turbine_Test_1.rar|Dataset 1]] | [[:File:UW_Full_Turbine_Test_2.rar|Dataset 2]] == Results == [[Category:Experiments]] 6437b7193112d77fd3d8660586dbdbb6410bef16 68 66 2012-02-29T19:59:17Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki This test was performed in early January 2012 Two sets of measurement were taken with separate accelerometer positions. The hammer was roved over approximately 60 points on the structure to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points, primarily on the blades. == Test Information == Due to a hardware limitation of 4 channels (3 accelerometers and 1 hammer) per test, the data was taken in two sets, using a total of 6 accelerometer locations. The accelerometers were placed off-center (to capture blade torsion) near the tips of the blades, and on the turbine nacelle. B+K Pulse Labshop software was used for data acquisition. == Photos == <gallery> Image:UW_Full_Test_Accel_Mount.jpg|Typical Blade Accelerometer Setup Image:UW_Full_Test_Accel_Mount_Hub.JPG|Hub Accelerometers, Triaxial and Single Axis Image:UW_Full_Turbine_Accel_Locs.jpg|All Accelerometers--Wires were secured for test Image:UW_Full_Turbine_Points.JPG|Points used in Testing </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_Full_Turbine_Geometry.uff|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_Full_Turbine_Test_1.rar|Dataset 1]] | [[:File:UW_Full_Turbine_Test_2.rar|Dataset 2]] == Results == [[Category:Experiments]] f882f393f6bde7be33bcdd04cd88123fa04c8ba0 75 68 2012-02-29T20:14:15Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki This test was performed in early January 2012 Two sets of measurement were taken with separate accelerometer positions. The hammer was roved over approximately 60 points on the structure to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points, primarily on the blades. == Test Information == Due to a hardware limitation of 4 channels (3 accelerometers and 1 hammer) per test, the data was taken in two sets, using a total of 6 accelerometer locations. The accelerometers were placed off-center (to capture blade torsion) near the tips of the blades, and on the turbine nacelle. B+K Pulse Labshop software was used for data acquisition. == Photos == <gallery> Image:UW_Full_Test_Accel_Mount.jpg|Typical Blade Accelerometer Setup Image:UW_Full_Test_Accel_Mount_Hub.JPG|Hub Accelerometers, Triaxial and Single Axis Image:UW_Full_Turbine_Accel_Locs.jpg|All Accelerometers--Wires were secured for test Image:UW_Full_Turbine_Points.JPG|Points used in Testing </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_Full_Turbine_Geometry.uff|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_Full_Turbine_Test_1.rar|Dataset 1]] | [[:File:UW_Full_Turbine_Test_2.rar|Dataset 2]] <gallery> Image:UW_Full_turbine_geo.jpg Image:UW_Full_turbine_geo_side.jpg </gallery> == Results == [[Category:Experiments]] 81779de7b791167847d77a348b145e1b5aeebe07 76 75 2012-02-29T20:14:53Z Drohe 2 /* Data and Geometry */ wikitext text/x-wiki This test was performed in early January 2012 Two sets of measurement were taken with separate accelerometer positions. The hammer was roved over approximately 60 points on the structure to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points, primarily on the blades. == Test Information == Due to a hardware limitation of 4 channels (3 accelerometers and 1 hammer) per test, the data was taken in two sets, using a total of 6 accelerometer locations. The accelerometers were placed off-center (to capture blade torsion) near the tips of the blades, and on the turbine nacelle. B+K Pulse Labshop software was used for data acquisition. == Photos == <gallery> Image:UW_Full_Test_Accel_Mount.jpg|Typical Blade Accelerometer Setup Image:UW_Full_Test_Accel_Mount_Hub.JPG|Hub Accelerometers, Triaxial and Single Axis Image:UW_Full_Turbine_Accel_Locs.jpg|All Accelerometers--Wires were secured for test Image:UW_Full_Turbine_Points.JPG|Points used in Testing </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_Full_Turbine_Geometry.uff|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_Full_Turbine_Test_1.rar|Dataset 1]] | [[:File:UW_Full_Turbine_Test_2.rar|Dataset 2]] <gallery> Image:UW_Full_turbine_geo.jpg | Point Resolution, Front View Image:UW_Full_turbine_geo_side.jpg | Point Resolution, Side View </gallery> == Results == [[Category:Experiments]] 10b8c88deb2ec668c87b81fb096d5c9e2f034572 0 36 40 2012-02-29T18:24:56Z Drohe 2 Created page with "This test was performed in early January 2012 Two sets of measurement were taken with separate accelerometer positions. The hammer was roved over approximately 20 points on ..." wikitext text/x-wiki This test was performed in early January 2012 Two sets of measurement were taken with separate accelerometer positions. The hammer was roved over approximately 20 points on the structure to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points, primarily on the blade. == Photos == == Data and Geometry == == Results == [[Category:Experiments]] fcfbc0d4fd33d1c91f965e7adc0160a3e6e89c6e 6 38 50 2012-02-29T18:53:56Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 40 53 2012-02-29T19:12:00Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 54 53 2012-02-29T19:19:43Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki NOTICE: This file is a rar file of 20M size. 3d3bd9e18f20b3847a6fd8b93ee6b3e58d1c0175 55 54 2012-02-29T19:20:22Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki NOTICE: This file is a *.rar file of 20M size. It was uploaded as a temporary text file, so the information is wrong. b00304c7393bbf7dd6f6f68b8426a1575fef49de 56 55 2012-02-29T19:20:37Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki '''NOTICE: This file is a *.rar file of 20M size. It was uploaded as a temporary text file, so the information is wrong.''' d062f30db1f1ef10b807057446f3f8cce6020b1a 57 56 2012-02-29T19:20:45Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki '''NOTICE:''' '''This file is a *.rar file of 20M size. It was uploaded as a temporary text file, so the information is wrong.''' 1e5045e4b35e338eca670a2a01f12db78d75a327 0 22 77 26 2012-02-29T20:16:58Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki This test was performed in early January 2012 Two sets of measurements were taken with varying accelerometer locations. The hammer was roved over approximately 40 points on the structure to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points, primarily on the blade. == Photos == [[File: UW_2Blade_Turbine.JPG|frame|x300px|none|2-bladed Turbine Configuration]] == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Turbine_Geometry.uff|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Turbine_Test_1.rar|Dataset 1]] | [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Turbine_Test_2.rar|Dataset 2]] == Results == [[Category:Experiments]] a3e0f43642e612ac6e2a12acdc2b1385a8f8f5e1 78 77 2012-02-29T20:17:28Z Drohe 2 /* Data and Geometry */ wikitext text/x-wiki This test was performed in early January 2012 Two sets of measurements were taken with varying accelerometer locations. The hammer was roved over approximately 40 points on the structure to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points, primarily on the blade. == Photos == [[File: UW_2Blade_Turbine.JPG|frame|x300px|none|2-bladed Turbine Configuration]] == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geometry.uff|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Turbine_Test_1.rar|Dataset 1]] | [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Turbine_Test_2.rar|Dataset 2]] == Results == [[Category:Experiments]] a15169469a5914de4dc5bd6a277bf7bea2c682c1 85 78 2012-02-29T20:29:55Z Drohe 2 /* Data and Geometry */ wikitext text/x-wiki This test was performed in early January 2012 Two sets of measurements were taken with varying accelerometer locations. The hammer was roved over approximately 40 points on the structure to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points, primarily on the blade. == Photos == [[File: UW_2Blade_Turbine.JPG|frame|x300px|none|2-bladed Turbine Configuration]] == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geometry.uff|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Turbine_Test_1.rar|Dataset 1]] | [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Turbine_Test_2.rar|Dataset 2]] <gallery> Image: UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geometry.jpg | Point Resolution, Front View Image: UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geometry_Side.jpg | Point Resolution, Side View </gallery> == Results == [[Category:Experiments]] 145d9fd1045d5595a08d373462df7f7b6c399236 86 85 2012-02-29T20:30:27Z Drohe 2 /* Data and Geometry */ wikitext text/x-wiki This test was performed in early January 2012 Two sets of measurements were taken with varying accelerometer locations. The hammer was roved over approximately 40 points on the structure to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points, primarily on the blade. == Photos == [[File: UW_2Blade_Turbine.JPG|frame|x300px|none|2-bladed Turbine Configuration]] == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geometry.uff|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Turbine_Test_1.rar|Dataset 1]] | [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Turbine_Test_2.rar|Dataset 2]] <gallery> Image: UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geo.jpg | Point Resolution, Front View Image: UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geo_Side.jpg | Point Resolution, Side View </gallery> == Results == [[Category:Experiments]] 676bce1dd8311a38284b29f29dbced76234edb8b 6 50 79 2012-02-29T20:21:35Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 51 80 2012-02-29T20:22:08Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 0 36 87 40 2012-02-29T20:32:13Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki This test was performed in early January 2012 One set of measurements were taken. The hammer was roved over approximately 10 points on the structure to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points, primarily on the blade. == Photos == == Data and Geometry == == Results == [[Category:Experiments]] c71341ee7ad4853339824c5b5aacad9a4bfeb04c 96 87 2012-02-29T22:54:56Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki This test was performed in early January 2012 One set of measurements were taken. The hammer was roved over approximately 10 points on the structure to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points, primarily on the blade. == Photos == <gallery> Image: UW_NoBlade_Turbine_Front.jpg Image: UW_NoBlade_Turbine.jpg </gallery> == Data and Geometry == == Results == [[Category:Experiments]] 84a46bfa553947f88775c0ea958fc9fa923621e5 97 96 2012-02-29T22:55:15Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki This test was performed in early January 2012 One set of measurements were taken. The hammer was roved over approximately 10 points on the structure to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points, primarily on the blade. == Photos == <gallery> Image: UW_NoBlade_Turbine_Front.jpg | Front View Image: UW_NoBlade_Turbine.jpg | Rear View </gallery> == Data and Geometry == == Results == [[Category:Experiments]] 2b53016545b4ae191251d391b19d7d2b33a34b5a 99 97 2012-02-29T22:57:38Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki This test was performed in early January 2012 One set of measurements were taken. The hammer was roved over approximately 10 points on the structure to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points, primarily on the blade. == Photos == <gallery> Image: UW_NoBlade_Turbine_Front.jpg | Front View Image: UW_NoBlade_Turbine.jpg | Rear View </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_NoBlade_Test_Geometry.uff|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_NoBlade_Turbine_Test.rar|Dataset 1]] == Results == [[Category:Experiments]] 0c764582be66bacc6ccd9b0cc3f0049562cbc633 100 99 2012-02-29T22:58:16Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki This test was performed in early January 2012 One set of measurements were taken. The hammer was roved over approximately 10 points on the structure to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points, primarily on the blade. == Photos == <gallery> Image: UW_NoBlade_Turbine_Front.jpg | Front View Image: UW_NoBlade_Turbine.jpg | Rear View </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_No_Blade_Test_Geometry.uff|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_NoBlade_Turbine_Test.rar|Dataset 1]] == Results == [[Category:Experiments]] c621c99955270c0548e8ec4a75eedbccaad921fa 101 100 2012-02-29T22:59:38Z Drohe 2 /* Data and Geometry */ wikitext text/x-wiki This test was performed in early January 2012 One set of measurements were taken. The hammer was roved over approximately 10 points on the structure to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points, primarily on the blade. == Photos == <gallery> Image: UW_NoBlade_Turbine_Front.jpg | Front View Image: UW_NoBlade_Turbine.jpg | Rear View </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_No_Blade_Test_Geometry.uff|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_NoBlade_Turbine_Test.rar|Dataset 1]] <gallery> Image: UW_Zero_Blade_Test.jpg | Point Resolution, Front View Image: UW_Zero_Blade_Test.jpg | Point Resolution, Side View </gallery> == Results == [[Category:Experiments]] a964a356975b6f57f9c2c5c9cfdd554b5ec837bf 102 101 2012-02-29T23:00:01Z Drohe 2 /* Data and Geometry */ wikitext text/x-wiki This test was performed in early January 2012 One set of measurements were taken. The hammer was roved over approximately 10 points on the structure to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points, primarily on the blade. == Photos == <gallery> Image: UW_NoBlade_Turbine_Front.jpg | Front View Image: UW_NoBlade_Turbine.jpg | Rear View </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_No_Blade_Test_Geometry.uff|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_NoBlade_Turbine_Test.rar|Dataset 1]] <gallery> Image: UW_Zero_Blade_Test_Geo.jpg | Point Resolution, Front View Image: UW_Zero_Blade_Test_Geo_Side.jpg | Point Resolution, Side View </gallery> == Results == [[Category:Experiments]] 9bcbd1ccc77fd5ed8f27c5034608fc353c2e61fe 0 1 88 5 2012-02-29T22:30:14Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the dynamics substructuring group web space.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. [[Usage Guidelines]] == Main Pages == Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. | [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] Here are models developed by contributors | [[:Category:Models|Models]] Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine | [[Test Bed Information]] == Getting started == * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list] * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/mediawiki-announce MediaWiki release mailing list] a49459e34c61910eed8f764e6b1b15b9acc90864 0 24 89 28 2012-02-29T22:40:09Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki This test was performed in early January 2012. One set of measurements was taken. The hammer was roved over approximately 20 points to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points. == Mass-Loading Fixture == To mass-load the interface, a block of steel was sandwiched between two aluminum plates, similar to how the blade is held by the wind turbine. This added mass represents a type of transmission simulator for the blade. It is mostly rigid in the frequency span of interest. == Photos == <gallery> Image: UW_Blade_Front.jpg Image: UW_Blade_Back.jpg Image: UW_Blade_Back_2.jpg </gallery> == Data and Geometry == == Results == [[Category:Experiments]] c6d10dc87bab889910395f5fba90d2f8bd5ddd2a 90 89 2012-02-29T22:40:29Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki This test was performed in early January 2012. One set of measurements was taken. The hammer was roved over approximately 20 points to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points. == Mass-Loading Fixture == To mass-load the interface, a block of steel was sandwiched between two aluminum plates, similar to how the blade is held by the wind turbine. This added mass represents a type of transmission simulator for the blade. It is mostly rigid in the frequency span of interest. == Photos == <gallery> Image: UW_Blade_Front.JPG Image: UW_Blade_Back.JPG Image: UW_Blade_Back_2.jpg </gallery> == Data and Geometry == == Results == [[Category:Experiments]] bea1499af1b80c360047e931cedf4e9297d65c72 91 90 2012-02-29T22:41:23Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki This test was performed in early January 2012. One set of measurements was taken. The hammer was roved over approximately 20 points to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points. == Mass-Loading Fixture == To mass-load the interface, a block of steel was sandwiched between two aluminum plates, similar to how the blade is held by the wind turbine. This added mass represents a type of transmission simulator for the blade. It is mostly rigid in the frequency span of interest. == Photos == <gallery> Image: UW_Blade_Front.JPG | Front View of test frame and soft spring support condition Image: UW_Blade_Back.JPG | Back Side of the blade with accelerometers visible Image: UW_Blade_Back_2.jpg | Close up of tip accelerometer </gallery> == Data and Geometry == == Results == [[Category:Experiments]] c83d07db647e287114a87a83f44f819db1ba2fb5 92 91 2012-02-29T22:43:36Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki This test was performed in early January 2012. One set of measurements was taken. The hammer was roved over approximately 20 points to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points. == Mass-Loading Fixture == To mass-load the interface, a block of steel was sandwiched between two aluminum plates, similar to how the blade is held by the wind turbine. This added mass represents a type of transmission simulator for the blade. It is mostly rigid in the frequency span of interest. == Photos == <gallery> Image: UW_Blade_Front.JPG | Front View of test frame and soft spring support condition Image: UW_Blade_Back.JPG | Back Side of the blade with accelerometers visible Image: UW_Blade_Back_2.jpg | Close up of tip accelerometer </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_Blade_Test_Geometry.uff|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_Mass_Loaded_Blade_Test.rar|Dataset 1]] | <gallery> Image:UW_Full_turbine_geo.jpg | Point Resolution, Front View Image:UW_Full_turbine_geo_side.jpg | Point Resolution, Side View </gallery> == Results == [[Category:Experiments]] 740bd6251710c7477276344810e0a7fff8d7d1aa 94 92 2012-02-29T22:49:46Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki This test was performed in early January 2012. One set of measurements was taken. The hammer was roved over approximately 20 points to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points. == Mass-Loading Fixture == To mass-load the interface, a block of steel was sandwiched between two aluminum plates, similar to how the blade is held by the wind turbine. This added mass represents a type of transmission simulator for the blade. It is mostly rigid in the frequency span of interest. == Photos == <gallery> Image: UW_Blade_Front.JPG | Front View of test frame and soft spring support condition Image: UW_Blade_Back.JPG | Back Side of the blade with accelerometers visible Image: UW_Blade_Back_2.jpg | Close up of tip accelerometer </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_Blade_Test_Geometry.uff|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_Mass_Loaded_Blade_Test.rar|Dataset 1]] <gallery> Image:UW_Blade_geo.jpg | Point Resolution, Front View </gallery> == Results == [[Category:Experiments]] 8c96fa47f0e94d47a2119886dc1032606d3ebeae 95 94 2012-02-29T22:50:03Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki This test was performed in early January 2012. One set of measurements was taken. The hammer was roved over approximately 20 points to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points. == Mass-Loading Fixture == To mass-load the interface, a block of steel was sandwiched between two aluminum plates, similar to how the blade is held by the wind turbine. This added mass represents a type of transmission simulator for the blade. It is mostly rigid in the frequency span of interest. == Photos == <gallery> Image: UW_Blade_Front.JPG | Front View of test frame and soft spring support condition Image: UW_Blade_Back.JPG | Back Side of the blade with accelerometers visible Image: UW_Blade_Back_2.jpg | Close up of tip accelerometer </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_Blade_Test_Geometry.uff|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_Mass_Loaded_Blade_Test.rar|Dataset 1]] <gallery> Image:UW_Blade_Geo.jpg | Point Resolution, Front View </gallery> == Results == [[Category:Experiments]] 114bd7061b71f220cd687cbba02772c14471111f 6 57 98 2012-02-29T22:57:06Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 58 103 2012-02-29T23:37:29Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 59 104 2012-02-29T23:39:33Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 60 105 2012-02-29T23:39:41Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 61 106 2012-02-29T23:39:49Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 62 107 2012-02-29T23:40:00Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 63 108 2012-02-29T23:40:26Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 64 109 2012-02-29T23:40:34Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 65 110 2012-02-29T23:40:54Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 66 111 2012-02-29T23:41:04Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 67 112 2012-02-29T23:41:26Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 68 113 2012-02-29T23:41:35Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 69 114 2012-02-29T23:41:43Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 70 115 2012-02-29T23:41:50Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 71 116 2012-02-29T23:41:59Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 72 117 2012-02-29T23:42:07Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 73 118 2012-02-29T23:42:14Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 74 119 2012-02-29T23:42:22Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 75 120 2012-02-29T23:42:32Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 76 121 2012-02-29T23:42:43Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 77 122 2012-02-29T23:43:22Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 78 123 2012-02-29T23:43:30Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 79 124 2012-02-29T23:43:38Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 80 125 2012-02-29T23:43:46Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 81 126 2012-02-29T23:43:53Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 82 127 2012-02-29T23:44:01Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 83 128 2012-02-29T23:44:57Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 84 129 2012-02-29T23:45:06Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 85 130 2012-02-29T23:45:14Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 86 131 2012-02-29T23:45:25Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 87 132 2012-02-29T23:45:36Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 88 133 2012-02-29T23:45:59Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 89 134 2012-02-29T23:46:08Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 90 135 2012-02-29T23:46:19Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 91 136 2012-02-29T23:46:34Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 92 137 2012-02-29T23:46:46Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 0 24 138 95 2012-02-29T23:50:42Z Drohe 2 /* Results */ wikitext text/x-wiki This test was performed in early January 2012. One set of measurements was taken. The hammer was roved over approximately 20 points to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points. == Mass-Loading Fixture == To mass-load the interface, a block of steel was sandwiched between two aluminum plates, similar to how the blade is held by the wind turbine. This added mass represents a type of transmission simulator for the blade. It is mostly rigid in the frequency span of interest. == Photos == <gallery> Image: UW_Blade_Front.JPG | Front View of test frame and soft spring support condition Image: UW_Blade_Back.JPG | Back Side of the blade with accelerometers visible Image: UW_Blade_Back_2.jpg | Close up of tip accelerometer </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_Blade_Test_Geometry.uff|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_Mass_Loaded_Blade_Test.rar|Dataset 1]] <gallery> Image:UW_Blade_Geo.jpg | Point Resolution, Front View </gallery> == Results == [[Category:Experiments]] <gallery> Image: UW_MLBlade_Mode1.jpg | Mode 1 Image: UW_MLBlade_Mode2.jpg | Mode 2 Image: UW_MLBlade_Mode3.jpg | Mode 3 Image: UW_MLBlade_Mode4.jpg | Mode 4 Image: UW_MLBlade_Mode5.jpg | Mode 5 Image: UW_MLBlade_Mode6.jpg | Mode 6 Image: UW_MLBlade_Mode7.jpg | Mode 7 Image: UW_MLBlade_Mode8.jpg | Mode 8 Image: UW_MLBlade_Mode9.jpg | Mode 9 Image: UW_MLBlade_Mode10.jpg | Mode 10 364a8d0e654cc8916415262f4af338e84a00c214 139 138 2012-02-29T23:51:37Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki This test was performed in early January 2012. One set of measurements was taken. The hammer was roved over approximately 20 points to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points. == Mass-Loading Fixture == To mass-load the interface, a block of steel was sandwiched between two aluminum plates, similar to how the blade is held by the wind turbine. This added mass represents a type of transmission simulator for the blade. It is mostly rigid in the frequency span of interest. == Photos == <gallery> Image: UW_Blade_Front.JPG | Front View of test frame and soft spring support condition Image: UW_Blade_Back.JPG | Back Side of the blade with accelerometers visible Image: UW_Blade_Back_2.jpg | Close up of tip accelerometer </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_Blade_Test_Geometry.uff|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_Mass_Loaded_Blade_Test.rar|Dataset 1]] <gallery> Image:UW_Blade_Geo.jpg | Point Resolution, Front View </gallery> == Results == [[Category:Experiments]] <gallery> Image: UW_MLBlade_Mode_1.jpg | Mode 1 Image: UW_MLBlade_Mode_2.jpg | Mode 2 Image: UW_MLBlade_Mode_3.jpg | Mode 3 Image: UW_MLBlade_Mode_4.jpg | Mode 4 Image: UW_MLBlade_Mode_5.jpg | Mode 5 Image: UW_MLBlade_Mode_6.jpg | Mode 6 Image: UW_MLBlade_Mode_7.jpg | Mode 7 Image: UW_MLBlade_Mode_8.jpg | Mode 8 Image: UW_MLBlade_Mode_9.jpg | Mode 9 Image: UW_MLBlade_Mode_10.jpg | Mode 10 </gallery> f9a15dca6a09e191e5f554725838548bcc0f06be 140 139 2012-02-29T23:52:10Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki This test was performed in early January 2012. One set of measurements was taken. The hammer was roved over approximately 20 points to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points. == Mass-Loading Fixture == To mass-load the interface, a block of steel was sandwiched between two aluminum plates, similar to how the blade is held by the wind turbine. This added mass represents a type of transmission simulator for the blade. It is mostly rigid in the frequency span of interest. == Photos == <gallery> Image: UW_Blade_Front.JPG | Front View of test frame and soft spring support condition Image: UW_Blade_Back.JPG | Back Side of the blade with accelerometers visible Image: UW_Blade_Back_2.jpg | Close up of tip accelerometer </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_Blade_Test_Geometry.uff|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_Mass_Loaded_Blade_Test.rar|Dataset 1]] <gallery> Image:UW_Blade_Geo.jpg | Point Resolution, Front View </gallery> == Results == <gallery> Image: UW_MLBlade_Mode_1.jpg | Mode 1 Image: UW_MLBlade_Mode_2.jpg | Mode 2 Image: UW_MLBlade_Mode_3.jpg | Mode 3 Image: UW_MLBlade_Mode_4.jpg | Mode 4 Image: UW_MLBlade_Mode_5.jpg | Mode 5 Image: UW_MLBlade_Mode_6.jpg | Mode 6 </gallery> [[Category:Experiments]] 3c647d661ab23945f7b98ac32d6e7112fdeed4bd 0 22 141 86 2012-02-29T23:54:00Z Drohe 2 /* Results */ wikitext text/x-wiki This test was performed in early January 2012 Two sets of measurements were taken with varying accelerometer locations. The hammer was roved over approximately 40 points on the structure to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points, primarily on the blade. == Photos == [[File: UW_2Blade_Turbine.JPG|frame|x300px|none|2-bladed Turbine Configuration]] == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geometry.uff|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Turbine_Test_1.rar|Dataset 1]] | [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Turbine_Test_2.rar|Dataset 2]] <gallery> Image: UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geo.jpg | Point Resolution, Front View Image: UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geo_Side.jpg | Point Resolution, Side View </gallery> == Results == <gallery> Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_1.jpg | Mode 1 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_2.jpg | Mode 2 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_3.jpg | Mode 3 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_4.jpg | Mode 4 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_5.jpg | Mode 5 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_6.jpg | Mode 6 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_7.jpg | Mode 7 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_8.jpg | Mode 8 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_9.jpg | Mode 9 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_10.jpg | Mode 10 </gallery> [[Category:Experiments]] 033ce006256674b43adadd03250f558829b7920b 159 141 2012-03-05T22:45:46Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki This test was performed in early January 2012 Two sets of measurements were taken with varying accelerometer locations. The hammer was roved over approximately 40 points on the structure to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points, primarily on the blade. The span of the test was 0 to 800 Hz. == Photos == [[File: UW_2Blade_Turbine.JPG|frame|x300px|none|2-bladed Turbine Configuration]] == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geometry.uff|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Turbine_Test_1.rar|Dataset 1]] | [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Turbine_Test_2.rar|Dataset 2]] <gallery> Image: UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geo.jpg | Point Resolution, Front View Image: UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geo_Side.jpg | Point Resolution, Side View </gallery> == Results == <gallery> Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_1.jpg | Mode 1 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_2.jpg | Mode 2 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_3.jpg | Mode 3 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_4.jpg | Mode 4 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_5.jpg | Mode 5 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_6.jpg | Mode 6 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_7.jpg | Mode 7 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_8.jpg | Mode 8 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_9.jpg | Mode 9 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_10.jpg | Mode 10 </gallery> [[Category:Experiments]] dc241a55a9c08359d28bb7d21f640c8696ba1427 0 36 142 102 2012-02-29T23:55:44Z Drohe 2 /* Results */ wikitext text/x-wiki This test was performed in early January 2012 One set of measurements were taken. The hammer was roved over approximately 10 points on the structure to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points, primarily on the blade. == Photos == <gallery> Image: UW_NoBlade_Turbine_Front.jpg | Front View Image: UW_NoBlade_Turbine.jpg | Rear View </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_No_Blade_Test_Geometry.uff|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_NoBlade_Turbine_Test.rar|Dataset 1]] <gallery> Image: UW_Zero_Blade_Test_Geo.jpg | Point Resolution, Front View Image: UW_Zero_Blade_Test_Geo_Side.jpg | Point Resolution, Side View </gallery> == Results == <gallery> Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_1.jpg | Mode 1 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_2.jpg | Mode 2 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_3.jpg | Mode 3 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_4.jpg | Mode 4 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_5.jpg | Mode 5 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_6.jpg | Mode 6 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_7.jpg | Mode 7 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_8.jpg | Mode 8 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_9.jpg | Mode 9 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_10.jpg | Mode 10 [[Category:Experiments]] 6daa6726b815ad299e69ce023f75aa20a442bfa2 143 142 2012-02-29T23:55:58Z Drohe 2 /* Results */ wikitext text/x-wiki This test was performed in early January 2012 One set of measurements were taken. The hammer was roved over approximately 10 points on the structure to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points, primarily on the blade. == Photos == <gallery> Image: UW_NoBlade_Turbine_Front.jpg | Front View Image: UW_NoBlade_Turbine.jpg | Rear View </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_No_Blade_Test_Geometry.uff|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_NoBlade_Turbine_Test.rar|Dataset 1]] <gallery> Image: UW_Zero_Blade_Test_Geo.jpg | Point Resolution, Front View Image: UW_Zero_Blade_Test_Geo_Side.jpg | Point Resolution, Side View </gallery> == Results == <gallery> Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_1.jpg | Mode 1 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_2.jpg | Mode 2 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_3.jpg | Mode 3 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_4.jpg | Mode 4 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_5.jpg | Mode 5 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_6.jpg | Mode 6 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_7.jpg | Mode 7 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_8.jpg | Mode 8 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_9.jpg | Mode 9 </gallery> [[Category:Experiments]] c10517fafe907c300416bc6c2a95c2462c4f2a38 157 143 2012-03-05T22:44:11Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki This test was performed in early January 2012 One set of measurements were taken. The hammer was roved over approximately 10 points on the structure to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points, primarily on the blade. The span of the test was 0 to 800 Hz. == Photos == <gallery> Image: UW_NoBlade_Turbine_Front.jpg | Front View Image: UW_NoBlade_Turbine.jpg | Rear View </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_No_Blade_Test_Geometry.uff|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_NoBlade_Turbine_Test.rar|Dataset 1]] <gallery> Image: UW_Zero_Blade_Test_Geo.jpg | Point Resolution, Front View Image: UW_Zero_Blade_Test_Geo_Side.jpg | Point Resolution, Side View </gallery> == Results == <gallery> Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_1.jpg | Mode 1 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_2.jpg | Mode 2 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_3.jpg | Mode 3 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_4.jpg | Mode 4 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_5.jpg | Mode 5 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_6.jpg | Mode 6 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_7.jpg | Mode 7 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_8.jpg | Mode 8 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_9.jpg | Mode 9 </gallery> [[Category:Experiments]] c960ef466499efc48eae152491f0469c37daae99 169 157 2012-06-04T22:34:24Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki This test was performed in early January 2012 One set of measurements were taken. The hammer was roved over approximately 20 points on the structure to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points, primarily on the blade. The span of the test was 0 to 800 Hz. == Photos == <gallery> Image: UW_NoBlade_Turbine_Front.jpg | Front View Image: UW_NoBlade_Turbine.jpg | Rear View </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_No_Blade_Test_Geometry.uff|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_NoBlade_Turbine_Test.rar|Dataset 1]] <gallery> Image: UW_Zero_Blade_Test_Geo.jpg | Point Resolution, Front View Image: UW_Zero_Blade_Test_Geo_Side.jpg | Point Resolution, Side View </gallery> == Results == <gallery> Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_1.jpg | Mode 1 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_2.jpg | Mode 2 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_3.jpg | Mode 3 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_4.jpg | Mode 4 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_5.jpg | Mode 5 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_6.jpg | Mode 6 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_7.jpg | Mode 7 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_8.jpg | Mode 8 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_9.jpg | Mode 9 </gallery> [[Category:Experiments]] b36ca0e7d927d8106d1b4ecc4f5cd684ff39abe8 0 25 144 76 2012-03-02T18:03:37Z Drohe 2 /* Results */ wikitext text/x-wiki This test was performed in early January 2012 Two sets of measurement were taken with separate accelerometer positions. The hammer was roved over approximately 60 points on the structure to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points, primarily on the blades. == Test Information == Due to a hardware limitation of 4 channels (3 accelerometers and 1 hammer) per test, the data was taken in two sets, using a total of 6 accelerometer locations. The accelerometers were placed off-center (to capture blade torsion) near the tips of the blades, and on the turbine nacelle. B+K Pulse Labshop software was used for data acquisition. == Photos == <gallery> Image:UW_Full_Test_Accel_Mount.jpg|Typical Blade Accelerometer Setup Image:UW_Full_Test_Accel_Mount_Hub.JPG|Hub Accelerometers, Triaxial and Single Axis Image:UW_Full_Turbine_Accel_Locs.jpg|All Accelerometers--Wires were secured for test Image:UW_Full_Turbine_Points.JPG|Points used in Testing </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_Full_Turbine_Geometry.uff|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_Full_Turbine_Test_1.rar|Dataset 1]] | [[:File:UW_Full_Turbine_Test_2.rar|Dataset 2]] <gallery> Image:UW_Full_turbine_geo.jpg | Point Resolution, Front View Image:UW_Full_turbine_geo_side.jpg | Point Resolution, Side View </gallery> == Results == <gallery> Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_1.jpg | Mode 1 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_2.jpg | Mode 2 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_3.jpg | Mode 3 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_4.jpg | Mode 4 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_5.jpg | Mode 5 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_6.jpg | Mode 6 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_7.jpg | Mode 7 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_8.jpg | Mode 8 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_9.jpg | Mode 9 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_10.jpg | Mode 10 </gallery> [[Category:Experiments]] b783fba31ee6b6ec257a45e2359511eb308c9110 158 144 2012-03-05T22:44:37Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki This test was performed in early January 2012 Two sets of measurement were taken with separate accelerometer positions. The hammer was roved over approximately 60 points on the structure to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points, primarily on the blades. The span of the test was 0 to 800 Hz. == Test Information == Due to a hardware limitation of 4 channels (3 accelerometers and 1 hammer) per test, the data was taken in two sets, using a total of 6 accelerometer locations. The accelerometers were placed off-center (to capture blade torsion) near the tips of the blades, and on the turbine nacelle. B+K Pulse Labshop software was used for data acquisition. == Photos == <gallery> Image:UW_Full_Test_Accel_Mount.jpg|Typical Blade Accelerometer Setup Image:UW_Full_Test_Accel_Mount_Hub.JPG|Hub Accelerometers, Triaxial and Single Axis Image:UW_Full_Turbine_Accel_Locs.jpg|All Accelerometers--Wires were secured for test Image:UW_Full_Turbine_Points.JPG|Points used in Testing </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_Full_Turbine_Geometry.uff|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_Full_Turbine_Test_1.rar|Dataset 1]] | [[:File:UW_Full_Turbine_Test_2.rar|Dataset 2]] <gallery> Image:UW_Full_turbine_geo.jpg | Point Resolution, Front View Image:UW_Full_turbine_geo_side.jpg | Point Resolution, Side View </gallery> == Results == <gallery> Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_1.jpg | Mode 1 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_2.jpg | Mode 2 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_3.jpg | Mode 3 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_4.jpg | Mode 4 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_5.jpg | Mode 5 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_6.jpg | Mode 6 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_7.jpg | Mode 7 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_8.jpg | Mode 8 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_9.jpg | Mode 9 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_10.jpg | Mode 10 </gallery> [[Category:Experiments]] 5a7743818bd76ae350a7df95c63c2b9b59df3a29 0 17 145 25 2012-03-02T18:04:54Z Drohe 2 moved [[Wisconsin]] to [[University of Wisconsin--Madison]] wikitext text/x-wiki The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of dis-assembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition, and attaching a blade to a turbine model. [[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] | [[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] | [[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] [[Category:Contributor]] cb75f6746e170e1fedf79f129b58cc9de79029c9 156 145 2012-03-05T21:38:30Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of dis-assembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition, and attaching a blade to the full turbine. [[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] | [[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] | [[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] [[Category:Contributor]] 4d9c89ae647a4e1740a0780af4fffd71486905c2 163 156 2012-03-05T22:54:37Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of dis-assembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition, and attaching a blade to the full turbine. [[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] | [[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] | [[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] | [[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] [[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] | [[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] | [[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] [[Category:Contributor]] 3482748fcb21e73692b00a6390aabe46171061e0 164 163 2012-03-05T22:56:17Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of dis-assembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition, and attaching a blade to the full turbine. == Experiments Performed == *[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] *[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] == Calculations Performed == [[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] | [[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] | [[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] [[Category:Contributor]] 5a928db59660c9e44f75a5e4974dcc93e76b9162 165 164 2012-03-05T22:56:34Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of dis-assembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition, and attaching a blade to the full turbine. == Experiments Performed == *[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] *[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] == Calculations Performed == *[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] *[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] *[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] [[Category:Contributor]] 20f3229d2245d3b4a4949317195ef217c817abf7 166 165 2012-03-05T22:57:33Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine. == Experiments Performed == *[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] *[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] == Calculations Performed == *[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] *[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] *[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] [[Category:Contributor]] cc407021ac9d1d897d3d78c2ec81a80c973c7e3b 181 166 2012-06-07T20:14:36Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine. == Experiments Performed == *[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] *[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] == Calculations Performed == *[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) *[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) *[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) [[Category:Contributor]] 7b9756987741a39033ae6b6947cfa07bfa3ab08d 0 93 146 2012-03-02T18:04:54Z Drohe 2 moved [[Wisconsin]] to [[University of Wisconsin--Madison]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[University of Wisconsin--Madison]] 410b6359d34e7c675c847ae4991de3c4fc46c4bd 0 3 147 59 2012-03-02T18:09:01Z Drohe 2 /* Uploading Files */ wikitext text/x-wiki Here are some best practices for contributing for this Wiki. == Creating Pages == * Pages are linked based on their names. For long names, it can get confusing to remember the page name. You can use redirects to help. * Use Categories <nowiki>[[Category:</nowiki>''Category Name''<nowiki>]]</nowiki> to organize pages into logical groups. * Please tag all model pages with <nowiki>[[Category:Models]]</nowiki> and all tests with <nowiki>[[Category:Experiments]]</nowiki> to automatically include them in the list of all models/experiments in the navigation bar. * Feel free to create pages explaining techniques that you use or anything else. * Feel free to look at the source code of other pages to help you learn how to use the wiki syntax. It is quick to learn, but you may need a refresher from time to time. == Uploading Files == * Files are uploaded and stored by name. To ensure that nobody overwrites anyone else's data, please include a suffix or prefix identifying who uploaded it. Example: There will probably be a few turbine tests, so I called photos/data from Wisconsin's Turbine tests 'UW_Full_Turbine_Accel_Mount.jpg' * There is currently no quota on file uploads, but our hosting tells us to 'please be reasonable'. * If you need to upload a file larger than 32 MB, try to compress it. * If the compressed file is still too large or you run into security issues trying to upload the file (the security software sometimes reads false positives on compressed files), contact Dan Rohe or Matt Allen. We can manually place your file on the wiki by accessing the server directly. * It probably goes without saying, but don't upload any malicious files to the Wiki. By default MediaWiki (the software that this Wiki runs on) will warn you about file name extensions that it doesn't recognize or that may be used to contain harmful code. Everything we upload here should be safe, but there is always the possibility of outside intrusion. == Discussion Pages== * Discussion pages can be used to comment on or ask questions about another group's results or techniques, instead of editing their page directly. 73dc048d4375287796ae0d804d44d2e2922d82d4 149 147 2012-03-02T20:51:53Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki Here are some best practices for contributing for this Wiki. == Creating Pages == * Pages are linked based on their names. For long names, it can get confusing to remember the page name. You can use redirects to help. * Use Categories <nowiki>[[Category:</nowiki>''Category Name''<nowiki>]]</nowiki> to organize pages into logical groups. * Please tag all model pages with <nowiki>[[Category:Models]]</nowiki> and all tests with <nowiki>[[Category:Experiments]]</nowiki> to automatically include them in the list of all models/experiments in the navigation bar. * Feel free to create pages explaining techniques that you use or anything else. * Feel free to look at the source code of other pages to help you learn how to use the wiki syntax. It is quick to learn, but you may need a refresher from time to time. == Uploading Files == * Files are uploaded and stored by name. To ensure that nobody overwrites anyone else's data, please include a suffix or prefix identifying who uploaded it. Example: There will probably be a few turbine tests, so I called photos/data from Wisconsin's Turbine tests 'UW_Full_Turbine_Accel_Mount.jpg' * There is currently no quota on file uploads, but our hosting tells us to 'please be reasonable'. * If you need to upload a file larger than 32 MB, try to compress it. * If the compressed file is still too large or you run into security issues trying to upload the file (the security software sometimes reads false positives on compressed files), contact Dan Rohe or Matt Allen. We can manually place your file on the wiki by accessing the server directly. * It probably goes without saying, but don't upload any malicious files to the Wiki. By default MediaWiki (the software that this Wiki runs on) will warn you about file name extensions that it doesn't recognize or that may be used to contain harmful code. Everything we upload here should be safe, but there is always the possibility of outside intrusion. * Additional information for uploading files can be found in [[Guide for Uploading Files]] == Discussion Pages== * Discussion pages can be used to comment on or ask questions about another group's results or techniques, instead of editing their page directly. 5ef4e3a0c9eb41dd3532d33a02127d8833a7fd40 170 149 2012-06-07T16:14:29Z Drohe 2 /* Uploading Files */ wikitext text/x-wiki Here are some best practices for contributing for this Wiki. == Creating Pages == * Pages are linked based on their names. For long names, it can get confusing to remember the page name. You can use redirects to help. * Use Categories <nowiki>[[Category:</nowiki>''Category Name''<nowiki>]]</nowiki> to organize pages into logical groups. * Please tag all model pages with <nowiki>[[Category:Models]]</nowiki> and all tests with <nowiki>[[Category:Experiments]]</nowiki> to automatically include them in the list of all models/experiments in the navigation bar. * Feel free to create pages explaining techniques that you use or anything else. * Feel free to look at the source code of other pages to help you learn how to use the wiki syntax. It is quick to learn, but you may need a refresher from time to time. == Uploading Files == * Files are uploaded and stored by name. To ensure that nobody overwrites anyone else's data, please include a suffix or prefix identifying who uploaded it. Example: There will probably be a few turbine tests, so I called photos/data from Wisconsin's Turbine tests 'UW_Full_Turbine_Accel_Mount.jpg' * There is currently no quota on file uploads, but our hosting tells us to 'please be reasonable'. * If you need to upload a file larger than 32 MB, try to compress it. * If the compressed file is still too large or you run into security issues trying to upload the file (the security software sometimes reads false positives on compressed files), contact Dan Rohe (drohe@wisc.edu) or Matt Allen. We can manually place your file on the wiki by accessing the server directly. * It probably goes without saying, but don't upload any malicious files to the Wiki. By default MediaWiki (the software that this Wiki runs on) will warn you about file name extensions that it doesn't recognize or that may be used to contain harmful code. Everything we upload here should be safe, but there is always the possibility of outside intrusion. * Additional information for uploading files can be found in [[Guide for Uploading Files]] == Discussion Pages== * Discussion pages can be used to comment on or ask questions about another group's results or techniques, instead of editing their page directly. 3d637ebfa916b73a0ad13a4215a0928c1b0649c2 173 170 2012-06-07T16:21:16Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki Here are some best practices for contributing for this Wiki. == Creating Pages == * Pages are linked based on their names. For long names, it can get confusing to remember the page name. You can use redirects to help. * Use Categories <nowiki>[[Category:</nowiki>''Category Name''<nowiki>]]</nowiki> to organize pages into logical groups. * Please tag all model pages with <nowiki>[[Category:Models]]</nowiki> and all tests with <nowiki>[[Category:Experiments]]</nowiki> to automatically include them in the list of all models/experiments in the navigation bar. * Feel free to create pages explaining techniques that you use or anything else. * Feel free to look at the source code of other pages to help you learn how to use the wiki syntax. It is quick to learn, but you may need a refresher from time to time. * To edit the sidebar (for instance to add your institution as a contributor) edit this page http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/index.php/MediaWiki:Sidebar == Uploading Files == * Files are uploaded and stored by name. To ensure that nobody overwrites anyone else's data, please include a suffix or prefix identifying who uploaded it. Example: There will probably be a few turbine tests, so I called photos/data from Wisconsin's Turbine tests 'UW_Full_Turbine_Accel_Mount.jpg' * There is currently no quota on file uploads, but our hosting tells us to 'please be reasonable'. * If you need to upload a file larger than 32 MB, try to compress it. * If the compressed file is still too large or you run into security issues trying to upload the file (the security software sometimes reads false positives on compressed files), contact Dan Rohe (drohe@wisc.edu) or Matt Allen. We can manually place your file on the wiki by accessing the server directly. * It probably goes without saying, but don't upload any malicious files to the Wiki. By default MediaWiki (the software that this Wiki runs on) will warn you about file name extensions that it doesn't recognize or that may be used to contain harmful code. Everything we upload here should be safe, but there is always the possibility of outside intrusion. * Additional information for uploading files can be found in [[Guide for Uploading Files]] == Discussion Pages== * Discussion pages can be used to comment on or ask questions about another group's results or techniques, instead of editing their page directly. 423d56e812b4b99f29d3d7fbfdc861a57fd7e8ed 174 173 2012-06-07T16:21:36Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki Here are some best practices for contributing for this Wiki. == Creating Pages == * Pages are linked based on their names. For long names, it can get confusing to remember the page name. You can use redirects to help. * Use Categories <nowiki>[[Category:</nowiki>''Category Name''<nowiki>]]</nowiki> to organize pages into logical groups. * Please tag all model pages with <nowiki>[[Category:Models]]</nowiki> and all tests with <nowiki>[[Category:Experiments]]</nowiki> to automatically include them in the list of all models/experiments in the navigation bar. * Feel free to create pages explaining techniques that you use or anything else. * Feel free to look at the source code of other pages to help you learn how to use the wiki syntax. It is quick to learn, but you may need a refresher from time to time. * To edit the sidebar (for instance to add your institution as a contributor) edit this page http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/index.php/MediaWiki:Sidebar [[MediaWiki:Sidebar]] == Uploading Files == * Files are uploaded and stored by name. To ensure that nobody overwrites anyone else's data, please include a suffix or prefix identifying who uploaded it. Example: There will probably be a few turbine tests, so I called photos/data from Wisconsin's Turbine tests 'UW_Full_Turbine_Accel_Mount.jpg' * There is currently no quota on file uploads, but our hosting tells us to 'please be reasonable'. * If you need to upload a file larger than 32 MB, try to compress it. * If the compressed file is still too large or you run into security issues trying to upload the file (the security software sometimes reads false positives on compressed files), contact Dan Rohe (drohe@wisc.edu) or Matt Allen. We can manually place your file on the wiki by accessing the server directly. * It probably goes without saying, but don't upload any malicious files to the Wiki. By default MediaWiki (the software that this Wiki runs on) will warn you about file name extensions that it doesn't recognize or that may be used to contain harmful code. Everything we upload here should be safe, but there is always the possibility of outside intrusion. * Additional information for uploading files can be found in [[Guide for Uploading Files]] == Discussion Pages== * Discussion pages can be used to comment on or ask questions about another group's results or techniques, instead of editing their page directly. d0fc51b37e6e0260c43198a4a65230f60e9fa973 175 174 2012-06-07T16:21:51Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki Here are some best practices for contributing for this Wiki. == Creating Pages == * Pages are linked based on their names. For long names, it can get confusing to remember the page name. You can use redirects to help. * Use Categories <nowiki>[[Category:</nowiki>''Category Name''<nowiki>]]</nowiki> to organize pages into logical groups. * Please tag all model pages with <nowiki>[[Category:Models]]</nowiki> and all tests with <nowiki>[[Category:Experiments]]</nowiki> to automatically include them in the list of all models/experiments in the navigation bar. * Feel free to create pages explaining techniques that you use or anything else. * Feel free to look at the source code of other pages to help you learn how to use the wiki syntax. It is quick to learn, but you may need a refresher from time to time. * To edit the sidebar (for instance to add your institution as a contributor) edit this page [[MediaWiki:Sidebar]] == Uploading Files == * Files are uploaded and stored by name. To ensure that nobody overwrites anyone else's data, please include a suffix or prefix identifying who uploaded it. Example: There will probably be a few turbine tests, so I called photos/data from Wisconsin's Turbine tests 'UW_Full_Turbine_Accel_Mount.jpg' * There is currently no quota on file uploads, but our hosting tells us to 'please be reasonable'. * If you need to upload a file larger than 32 MB, try to compress it. * If the compressed file is still too large or you run into security issues trying to upload the file (the security software sometimes reads false positives on compressed files), contact Dan Rohe (drohe@wisc.edu) or Matt Allen. We can manually place your file on the wiki by accessing the server directly. * It probably goes without saying, but don't upload any malicious files to the Wiki. By default MediaWiki (the software that this Wiki runs on) will warn you about file name extensions that it doesn't recognize or that may be used to contain harmful code. Everything we upload here should be safe, but there is always the possibility of outside intrusion. * Additional information for uploading files can be found in [[Guide for Uploading Files]] == Discussion Pages== * Discussion pages can be used to comment on or ask questions about another group's results or techniques, instead of editing their page directly. 03852ccc4c0b066ca28a2fae60e5cd337e91acd3 176 175 2012-06-07T16:22:00Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki Here are some best practices for contributing for this Wiki. == Creating Pages == * Pages are linked based on their names. For long names, it can get confusing to remember the page name. You can use redirects to help. * Use Categories <nowiki>[[Category:</nowiki>''Category Name''<nowiki>]]</nowiki> to organize pages into logical groups. * Please tag all model pages with <nowiki>[[Category:Models]]</nowiki> and all tests with <nowiki>[[Category:Experiments]]</nowiki> to automatically include them in the list of all models/experiments in the navigation bar. * Feel free to create pages explaining techniques that you use or anything else. * Feel free to look at the source code of other pages to help you learn how to use the wiki syntax. It is quick to learn, but you may need a refresher from time to time. * To edit the sidebar (for instance to add your institution as a contributor) edit this page: [[MediaWiki:Sidebar]] == Uploading Files == * Files are uploaded and stored by name. To ensure that nobody overwrites anyone else's data, please include a suffix or prefix identifying who uploaded it. Example: There will probably be a few turbine tests, so I called photos/data from Wisconsin's Turbine tests 'UW_Full_Turbine_Accel_Mount.jpg' * There is currently no quota on file uploads, but our hosting tells us to 'please be reasonable'. * If you need to upload a file larger than 32 MB, try to compress it. * If the compressed file is still too large or you run into security issues trying to upload the file (the security software sometimes reads false positives on compressed files), contact Dan Rohe (drohe@wisc.edu) or Matt Allen. We can manually place your file on the wiki by accessing the server directly. * It probably goes without saying, but don't upload any malicious files to the Wiki. By default MediaWiki (the software that this Wiki runs on) will warn you about file name extensions that it doesn't recognize or that may be used to contain harmful code. Everything we upload here should be safe, but there is always the possibility of outside intrusion. * Additional information for uploading files can be found in [[Guide for Uploading Files]] == Discussion Pages== * Discussion pages can be used to comment on or ask questions about another group's results or techniques, instead of editing their page directly. d1fa8e283305b37957d5ad9f2009a51f4d5a0a20 0 1 148 88 2012-03-02T20:51:18Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the dynamics substructuring group web space.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. [[Usage Guidelines]] [[Guide to Uploading Files]] == Main Pages == Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. | [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] Here are models developed by contributors | [[:Category:Models|Models]] Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine | [[Test Bed Information]] == Getting started == * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list] * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/mediawiki-announce MediaWiki release mailing list] 78a053c2e806879144310bb733ebc6ee7b48e2c9 155 148 2012-03-05T15:17:51Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the dynamics substructuring group web space.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. [[Usage Guidelines]] [[Guide for Uploading Files]] == Main Pages == Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. | [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] Here are models developed by contributors | [[:Category:Models|Models]] Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine | [[Test Bed Information]] == Getting started == * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list] * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/mediawiki-announce MediaWiki release mailing list] 10dd2f21adaecd185ecbadb9a8b341a3f88b7bf1 160 155 2012-03-05T22:49:09Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the dynamic substructuring focus group's web space.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. [[Usage Guidelines]] [[Guide for Uploading Files]] == Main Pages == Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. | [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] Here are models developed by contributors | [[:Category:Models|Models]] Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine | [[Test Bed Information]] == Getting started == * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list] * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/mediawiki-announce MediaWiki release mailing list] d54adeca85dae8403f457400977e26a02c0e89a9 161 160 2012-03-05T22:50:38Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the dynamic substructuring focus group's web space.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! [[Usage Guidelines]] [[Guide for Uploading Files]] == Main Pages == Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. | [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] Here are models developed by contributors | [[:Category:Models|Models]] Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine | [[Test Bed Information]] == Getting started == * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list] * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/mediawiki-announce MediaWiki release mailing list] 9494d76938e44ecf8482db0a4e5940f5088a53d4 162 161 2012-03-05T22:51:23Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the dynamic substructuring focus group's web space.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! [[Usage Guidelines]] [[Guide for Uploading Files]] == Main Pages == Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. | [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] Here are models developed by contributors | [[:Category:Models|Models]] Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine | [[Test Bed Information]] == Getting started == * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] 70abea8dceabf8211cbbc471197b3cb285578f62 0 94 150 2012-03-02T20:56:56Z Drohe 2 Created page with "The wiki provides a quick and easy means to [[upload files | Upload file]] and post them to a page you might create. The interface to upload the files is located in the Toolb..." wikitext text/x-wiki The wiki provides a quick and easy means to [[upload files | Upload file]] and post them to a page you might create. The interface to upload the files is located in the Toolbox section of the Navigation Bar on the left side. You must be logged in to upload files. The page 806d569e9bdc2104edb2cecafa6d1de505e73b63 151 150 2012-03-02T20:57:17Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki The wiki provides a quick and easy means to [[Upload file | upload files]] and post them to a page you might create. The interface to upload the files is located in the Toolbox section of the Navigation Bar on the left side. You must be logged in to upload files. The page 3ff02e250cb7390cdeae54eecb9fdf2e9a422fae 152 151 2012-03-02T20:57:36Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki The wiki provides a quick and easy means to [[Special:Upload | upload files]] and post them to a page you might create. The interface to upload the files is located in the Toolbox section of the Navigation Bar on the left side. You must be logged in to upload files. The page d18d1e23fcec0e54a7f429bfb0d5cb8fda4f10eb 153 152 2012-03-02T21:13:16Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki The wiki provides a quick and easy means to [[Special:Upload | upload files]] and post them to a page you might create. The interface to upload the files is located in the Toolbox section of the Navigation Bar on the left side. You must be logged in to upload files. The page lists permitted file types. If you wish to upload a file type that is not listed in that list, let Dan Rohe or Matt Allen know and we can make the necessary changes. Our web host has an imposed limit of 32 MB per file for upload. If you need a separate == Large File Upload == To upload files larger than 32 MB, two options exist. === Manual Upload === To circumvent upload size restrictions, users with command-line access to the server (Matt Allen or Dan Rohe) can manually place your file on the server and build a link to the Wiki for it. To do this you must get your file to one of the two previously mentioned individuals, and also tell him what to call the uploaded file. === External Upload === Files can be uploaded to an external hosting site and linked externally. See the wiki's [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for more information on creating external links. adf5b038eed02cc983975ae26cd6743f339e4801 154 153 2012-03-02T21:17:29Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki The wiki provides a quick and easy means to [[Special:Upload | upload files]] and post them to a page you might create. The interface to upload the files is located in the Toolbox section of the Navigation Bar on the left side. You must be logged in to upload files. The page lists permitted file types. If you wish to upload a file type that is not listed in that list, let Dan Rohe or Matt Allen know and we can make the necessary changes. Our web host has an imposed limit of 32 MB per file for upload. If you need a separate == Large File Upload == To upload files larger than 32 MB, three options exist. === Manual Upload === To circumvent upload size restrictions, users with command-line access to the server (Matt Allen or Dan Rohe) can manually place your file on the server and build a link to the Wiki for it. To do this you must get your file to one of the two previously mentioned individuals, and also tell him what to call the uploaded file. === External Upload === Files can be uploaded to an external hosting site and linked externally. See the wiki's [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for more information on creating external links. === Compression === Compression can only go so far, and the server's security software seems to be overzealous at flagging compressed file formats (especially *.zip files). The security software seems to be more lenient with *.rar compressed files, although the occasional false positive still occurs. If the server won't let you upload your compressed file, see one of the other methods. 2f27d464a45fbd9aed4eea07ed7c16da7d6287c0 168 154 2012-03-29T22:46:20Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki The wiki provides a quick and easy means to [[Special:Upload | upload files]] and post them to a page you might create. The interface to upload the files is located in the Toolbox section of the Navigation Bar on the left side. You must be logged in to upload files. The page lists permitted file types. If you wish to upload a file type that is not listed in that list, let Dan Rohe or Matt Allen know and we can make the necessary changes. Our web host has an imposed limit of 32 MB per file for upload. == Large File Upload == To upload files larger than 32 MB, three options exist. === Manual Upload === To circumvent upload size restrictions, users with command-line access to the server (Matt Allen or Dan Rohe) can manually place your file on the server and build a link to the Wiki for it. To do this you must get your file to one of the two previously mentioned individuals, and also tell him what to call the uploaded file. === External Upload === Files can be uploaded to an external hosting site and linked externally. See the wiki's [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for more information on creating external links. === Compression === Compression can only go so far, and the server's security software seems to be overzealous at flagging compressed file formats (especially *.zip files). The security software seems to be more lenient with *.rar compressed files, although the occasional false positive still occurs. If the server won't let you upload your compressed file, see one of the other methods. cb7922c4370d38555a3b5967b142c85826021bc1 14 7 167 10 2012-03-05T23:00:15Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki These groups are currently involved. To add your group to the list of contributors, type <nowiki>[[Category:Contributor]]</nowiki> somewhere in your page's body of text. b70bb3fa0105f6d4ff845874e17699f46f1dafc1 8 4 171 7 2012-06-07T16:19:07Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki * navigation ** mainpage|mainpage-description ** recentchanges-url|recentchanges ** randompage-url|randompage * Contributors ** Atomic Weapons Establishment|AWE ** Sandia National Laboratories|Sandia Labs ** University of Massachusetts at Lowell|UMass Lowell ** Wisconsin|Wisconsin ** Chalmers University|Chalmers ** University of Stuttgart|Stuttgart ** TU Delft|TU Delft ** L'Aquila|L'Aquila * Data ** Category:Experiments|Experiments ** Category:Models|Models ** Category:Calculations|Calculations * SEARCH * TOOLBOX * LANGUAGES 4ec3e2b67377fe1027c9f0aaa96571f7fd831ac0 0 95 172 2012-06-07T16:19:34Z Drohe 2 Created page with "Edit this page to add your own information. [[Category:Contributor]]" wikitext text/x-wiki Edit this page to add your own information. [[Category:Contributor]] 77feb423f199a0bb154ea484d8c877a854752736 6 96 177 2012-06-07T17:35:45Z Drohe 2 Poster which was presented at IMAC XXX wikitext text/x-wiki Poster which was presented at IMAC XXX fe7dc35346eb38881ef230f8ab0f4bfc79d2caf3 2 97 178 2012-06-07T17:40:05Z Drohe 2 Created page with "Dan Rohe University of Wisconsin Graduate Student Working with Matt Allen" wikitext text/x-wiki Dan Rohe University of Wisconsin Graduate Student Working with Matt Allen b324d04c6859653e5086607a1ea76c61aeae71f9 179 178 2012-06-07T17:40:15Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki Dan Rohe University of Wisconsin Graduate Student Working with Matt Allen 3bd681a190f6f997fea7ae93a5822332094e3917 180 179 2012-06-07T17:43:16Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki Dan Rohe University of Wisconsin Graduate Student Working under Professor Matt Allen 362e7c6995655fb79952e7f4d297caec9f3f3ced 0 25 182 158 2012-06-07T20:36:21Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki This test was performed in early January 2012 Two sets of measurement were taken with separate accelerometer positions. The hammer was roved over approximately 60 points on the structure to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points, primarily on the blades. The span of the test was 0 to 800 Hz. == Test Information == Due to a hardware limitation of 4 channels (3 accelerometers and 1 hammer) per test, the data was taken in two sets, using a total of 6 accelerometer locations. The accelerometers were placed off-center (to capture blade torsion) near the tips of the blades, and on the turbine nacelle. B+K Pulse Labshop software was used for data acquisition. == Photos == <gallery> Image:UW_Full_Test_Accel_Mount.jpg|Typical Blade Accelerometer Setup Image:UW_Full_Test_Accel_Mount_Hub.JPG|Hub Accelerometers, Triaxial and Single Axis Image:UW_Full_Turbine_Accel_Locs.jpg|All Accelerometers--Wires were secured for test Image:UW_Full_Turbine_Points.JPG|Points used in Testing </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_Full_Turbine_Geometry.uff|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_Full_Turbine_Test_1.rar|Dataset 1]] | [[:File:UW_Full_Turbine_Test_2.rar|Dataset 2]] Test (upload data with different extension): [[:File:UW_Full_Turbine_Test_2_zip.safe|Dataset 2 Zip File]] Now you can download this file and simply change the extension and then it can be uncompressed. <gallery> Image:UW_Full_turbine_geo.jpg | Point Resolution, Front View Image:UW_Full_turbine_geo_side.jpg | Point Resolution, Side View </gallery> == Results == <gallery> Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_1.jpg | Mode 1 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_2.jpg | Mode 2 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_3.jpg | Mode 3 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_4.jpg | Mode 4 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_5.jpg | Mode 5 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_6.jpg | Mode 6 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_7.jpg | Mode 7 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_8.jpg | Mode 8 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_9.jpg | Mode 9 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_10.jpg | Mode 10 </gallery> [[Category:Experiments]] b648fef502d8a47f3f18f1035950d88a5f68cd0e 185 182 2012-06-07T20:44:02Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki This test was performed in early January 2012 Two sets of measurement were taken with separate accelerometer positions. The hammer was roved over approximately 60 points on the structure to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points, primarily on the blades. The span of the test was 0 to 800 Hz. == Test Information == Due to a hardware limitation of 4 channels (3 accelerometers and 1 hammer) per test, the data was taken in two sets, using a total of 6 accelerometer locations. The accelerometers were placed off-center (to capture blade torsion) near the tips of the blades, and on the turbine nacelle. B+K Pulse Labshop software was used for data acquisition. == Photos == <gallery> Image:UW_Full_Test_Accel_Mount.jpg|Typical Blade Accelerometer Setup Image:UW_Full_Test_Accel_Mount_Hub.JPG|Hub Accelerometers, Triaxial and Single Axis Image:UW_Full_Turbine_Accel_Locs.jpg|All Accelerometers--Wires were secured for test Image:UW_Full_Turbine_Points.JPG|Points used in Testing </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_Full_Turbine_Geometry.uff|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_Full_Turbine_Test_1.rar|Dataset 1]] | [[:File:UW_Full_Turbine_Test_2.rar|Dataset 2]] <gallery> Image:UW_Full_turbine_geo.jpg | Point Resolution, Front View Image:UW_Full_turbine_geo_side.jpg | Point Resolution, Side View </gallery> == Results == <gallery> Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_1.jpg | Mode 1 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_2.jpg | Mode 2 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_3.jpg | Mode 3 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_4.jpg | Mode 4 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_5.jpg | Mode 5 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_6.jpg | Mode 6 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_7.jpg | Mode 7 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_8.jpg | Mode 8 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_9.jpg | Mode 9 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_10.jpg | Mode 10 </gallery> [[Category:Experiments]] 5a7743818bd76ae350a7df95c63c2b9b59df3a29 6 98 183 2012-06-07T20:40:21Z MSAllen 1 Test upload wikitext text/x-wiki Test upload a45c030ef0e48168eeb92680ba3751b9c0af75f9 0 95 184 172 2012-06-07T20:43:36Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki A compressed (rar) file containing: a geometry file (stp) of the blade, corrected in order to take out fillets. It still has some defects (curvature changes) at the tip of the blade: in that area the mesh has to be adjusted manually; a NASTRAN model using four nodes solid elements: the material is considered to be isotropic and the material properties were selected so as to fit natural frequencies identifed by UML. [[Category:Contributor]] 250da7792a94636ce424d26af7cc99fc09e0a738 186 184 2012-06-07T20:45:05Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki A compressed (rar) file containing: a geometry file (stp) of the blade, corrected in order to take out fillets. It still has some defects (curvature changes) at the tip of the blade: in that area the mesh has to be adjusted manually; a NASTRAN model using four nodes solid elements: the material is considered to be isotropic and the material properties were selected so as to fit natural frequencies identifed by UML. [[:File:LAquila_AMPAIR_BLADE.rar|NASTRAN Model of Blade]] [[Category:Contributor]] c477d44df4a093b03358a0ba7fd3ea5d07412092 188 186 2012-06-07T20:46:28Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki The following compressed (rar) file contains: a geometry file (stp) of the blade, corrected in order to take out fillets. It still has some defects (curvature changes) at the tip of the blade: in that area the mesh has to be adjusted manually; a NASTRAN model using four nodes solid elements: the material is considered to be isotropic and the material properties were selected so as to fit natural frequencies identifed by UML. [[:File:LAquila_AMPAIR_BLADE.rar|NASTRAN Model of Blade]] [[Category:Contributor]] cc256f7979b5e0391da67bd4cb5aa1fa7c8f7e9e 189 188 2012-06-07T20:47:35Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki ==The following compressed (rar) file contains:== *[[a geometry file (stp) of the blade, corrected in order to take out fillets. It still has some defects (curvature changes) at the tip of the blade: in that area the mesh has to be adjusted manually;]] *[[a NASTRAN model using four nodes solid elements: the material is considered to be isotropic and the material properties were selected so as to fit natural frequencies identifed by UML.]] [[:File:LAquila_AMPAIR_BLADE.rar|NASTRAN Model of Blade]] [[Category:Contributor]] 25639b68039aef172894741dea2340ba2ed3e95d 190 189 2012-06-07T20:47:55Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki ==The following compressed (rar) file contains:== *A geometry file (stp) of the blade, corrected in order to take out fillets. It still has some defects (curvature changes) at the tip of the blade: in that area the mesh has to be adjusted manually; *A NASTRAN model using four nodes solid elements: the material is considered to be isotropic and the material properties were selected so as to fit natural frequencies identifed by UML. [[:File:LAquila_AMPAIR_BLADE.rar|NASTRAN Model of Blade]] [[Category:Contributor]] 6173f658d26e5b2ac6d4960b125b283dc3a255fd 191 190 2012-06-07T20:50:09Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki ==The following compressed (rar) file contains:== *A geometry file (stp) of the blade, corrected in order to take out fillets. It still has some defects (curvature changes) at the tip of the blade: in that area the mesh has to be adjusted manually; *A NASTRAN model using four nodes solid elements: the material is considered to be isotropic and the material properties were selected so as to fit natural frequencies identifed by UML. [[:File:LAquila_AMPAIR_BLADE.rar|NASTRAN Model of Blade]] Contributed by [[:Link:http://ing.univaq.it/mam/dambro_e.html|Walter D'Ambrogio]] from the University of L'Aquila. [[Category:Contributor]] 58ffa9e09f0f19a3ddbaa965aa9cd205820b044d 192 191 2012-06-07T20:50:25Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki ==The following compressed (rar) file contains:== *A geometry file (stp) of the blade, corrected in order to take out fillets. It still has some defects (curvature changes) at the tip of the blade: in that area the mesh has to be adjusted manually; *A NASTRAN model using four nodes solid elements: the material is considered to be isotropic and the material properties were selected so as to fit natural frequencies identifed by UML. [[:File:LAquila_AMPAIR_BLADE.rar|NASTRAN Model of Blade]] Contributed by [[:http://ing.univaq.it/mam/dambro_e.html|Walter D'Ambrogio]] from the University of L'Aquila. [[Category:Contributor]] 125fd10ca1b69627a01649a5a19c948305ab25c0 193 192 2012-06-07T20:51:30Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki ==The following compressed (rar) file contains:== *A geometry file (stp) of the blade, corrected in order to take out fillets. It still has some defects (curvature changes) at the tip of the blade: in that area the mesh has to be adjusted manually; *A NASTRAN model using four nodes solid elements: the material is considered to be isotropic and the material properties were selected so as to fit natural frequencies identifed by UML. [[:File:LAquila_AMPAIR_BLADE.rar|NASTRAN Model of Blade]] Contributed by [http://ing.univaq.it/mam/dambro_e.html|Walter D'Ambrogio] from the University of L'Aquila. [[Category:Contributor]] 531460cb04b72b23ee89fa0aa7e0755e94622179 194 193 2012-06-07T20:51:49Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki ==The following compressed (rar) file contains:== *A geometry file (stp) of the blade, corrected in order to take out fillets. It still has some defects (curvature changes) at the tip of the blade: in that area the mesh has to be adjusted manually; *A NASTRAN model using four nodes solid elements: the material is considered to be isotropic and the material properties were selected so as to fit natural frequencies identifed by UML. [[:File:LAquila_AMPAIR_BLADE.rar|NASTRAN Model of Blade]] Contributed by [http://ing.univaq.it/mam/dambro_e.html [Walter D'Ambrogio]] from the University of L'Aquila. [[Category:Contributor]] ceb4d9ad43260e5b4105ddd73629220b20b77353 195 194 2012-06-07T20:52:02Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki ==The following compressed (rar) file contains:== *A geometry file (stp) of the blade, corrected in order to take out fillets. It still has some defects (curvature changes) at the tip of the blade: in that area the mesh has to be adjusted manually; *A NASTRAN model using four nodes solid elements: the material is considered to be isotropic and the material properties were selected so as to fit natural frequencies identifed by UML. [[:File:LAquila_AMPAIR_BLADE.rar|NASTRAN Model of Blade]] Contributed by [http://ing.univaq.it/mam/dambro_e.html Walter D'Ambrogio] from the University of L'Aquila. [[Category:Contributor]] cab826248f294c006a6eab770070c5ace7021977 6 99 187 2012-06-07T20:45:46Z MSAllen 1 a geometry file (stp) of the blade, corrected in order to take out fillets. It still has some defects (curvature changes) at the tip of the blade: in that area the mesh has to be adjusted manually; a NASTRAN model using four nodes solid elements: the mat wikitext text/x-wiki a geometry file (stp) of the blade, corrected in order to take out fillets. It still has some defects (curvature changes) at the tip of the blade: in that area the mesh has to be adjusted manually; a NASTRAN model using four nodes solid elements: the material is considered to be isotropic and the material properties were selected so as to fit natural frequencies identifed by UML. 05036256beef1cafda6f5f07d48b63a0fe16d7c6 223 187 2012-06-18T16:25:30Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki a geometry file (stp) of the blade, corrected in order to take out fillets. It still has some defects (curvature changes) at the tip of the blade: in that area the mesh has to be adjusted manually; a NASTRAN model using four nodes solid elements: the material is considered to be isotropic and the material properties were selected so as to fit natural frequencies identifed by UML. [[Category:Models]] 5c9a0b7d569c250e9f33c512ff9bc1b90188e096 2 97 196 180 2012-06-07T22:05:30Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki Dan Rohe [[University of Wisconsin|Wisconsin]] Graduate Student Working under Professor Matt Allen 49f2df58575b7a8e51a7fd73afa2be925b92180c 197 196 2012-06-07T22:05:48Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki Dan Rohe [[Wisconsin|University of Wisconsin]] Graduate Student Working under Professor Matt Allen b8e5afdae5db1daf420303b6eb1fb6c13e10e749 198 197 2012-06-07T22:06:06Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki Dan Rohe Graduate Student at the [[Wisconsin|University of Wisconsin]] Working under Professor Matt Allen ff814eb5d8cbe79f184e46ce55bdbd51f7b4113a 0 10 200 13 2012-06-08T14:19:26Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki The test bed that the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen is an Ampair 600 Wind Turbine. This turbine was purchased and then modified to decrease the nonlinearities in the system. == Ampair 600 Wind Turbine == [[File:FullTurbine.png]] The Ampair 600 Wind Turbine we are working with is the stock wind turbine with some of the electrical 'guts' removed, and replaced with solid masses. The tail has also been replaced with a smaller version. The turbine hub and nacelle are fixed to a flag pole which is fixed to a large mass. This large mass is then floating on a trampoline to simulate a free-free test condition. More information can be found here: [[:File:Substructuring_Testbed_Assembly_Instructions.pdf|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:TestBedPoster.pdf|Testbed Poster]] 54c6a67dcd6dd50345856df9101356bfa3eb11d7 201 200 2012-06-08T14:19:59Z Drohe 2 /* Ampair 600 Wind Turbine */ wikitext text/x-wiki The test bed that the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen is an Ampair 600 Wind Turbine. This turbine was purchased and then modified to decrease the nonlinearities in the system. == Ampair 600 Wind Turbine == [[File:FullTurbine.png|thumb]] The Ampair 600 Wind Turbine we are working with is the stock wind turbine with some of the electrical 'guts' removed, and replaced with solid masses. The tail has also been replaced with a smaller version. The turbine hub and nacelle are fixed to a flag pole which is fixed to a large mass. This large mass is then floating on a trampoline to simulate a free-free test condition. More information can be found here: [[:File:Substructuring_Testbed_Assembly_Instructions.pdf|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:TestBedPoster.pdf|Testbed Poster]] 027a8c63f932b90f09a34763e8e8240ffc8182d2 202 201 2012-06-08T14:20:44Z Drohe 2 /* Ampair 600 Wind Turbine */ wikitext text/x-wiki The test bed that the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen is an Ampair 600 Wind Turbine. This turbine was purchased and then modified to decrease the nonlinearities in the system. == Ampair 600 Wind Turbine == [[File:FullTurbine.png|right|Ampair 600 Turbine]] The Ampair 600 Wind Turbine we are working with is the stock wind turbine with some of the electrical 'guts' removed, and replaced with solid masses. The tail has also been replaced with a smaller version. The turbine hub and nacelle are fixed to a flag pole which is fixed to a large mass. This large mass is then floating on a trampoline to simulate a free-free test condition. More information can be found here: [[:File:Substructuring_Testbed_Assembly_Instructions.pdf|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:TestBedPoster.pdf|Testbed Poster]] a7083aaa8f1c8300dbf15e974ac2fda3c31a9466 203 202 2012-06-08T14:21:26Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki The test bed that the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen is an Ampair 600 Wind Turbine. This turbine was purchased and then modified to decrease the nonlinearities in the system. == Ampair 600 Wind Turbine == [[File:FullTurbine.png|100 px|right|frame|Ampair 600 Turbine]] The Ampair 600 Wind Turbine we are working with is the stock wind turbine with some of the electrical 'guts' removed, and replaced with solid masses. The tail has also been replaced with a smaller version. The turbine hub and nacelle are fixed to a flag pole which is fixed to a large mass. This large mass is then floating on a trampoline to simulate a free-free test condition. More information can be found here: [[:File:Substructuring_Testbed_Assembly_Instructions.pdf|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:TestBedPoster.pdf|Testbed Poster]] 83af88bcff1afe55d52e90c583786609e2422164 204 203 2012-06-08T14:21:39Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki The test bed that the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen is an Ampair 600 Wind Turbine. This turbine was purchased and then modified to decrease the nonlinearities in the system. == Ampair 600 Wind Turbine == [[File:FullTurbine.png|50 px|right|frame|Ampair 600 Turbine]] The Ampair 600 Wind Turbine we are working with is the stock wind turbine with some of the electrical 'guts' removed, and replaced with solid masses. The tail has also been replaced with a smaller version. The turbine hub and nacelle are fixed to a flag pole which is fixed to a large mass. This large mass is then floating on a trampoline to simulate a free-free test condition. More information can be found here: [[:File:Substructuring_Testbed_Assembly_Instructions.pdf|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:TestBedPoster.pdf|Testbed Poster]] ee5c64714d9b9193b9abcce4d399c9895c68115f 205 204 2012-06-08T14:22:14Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki The test bed that the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen is an Ampair 600 Wind Turbine. This turbine was purchased and then modified to decrease the nonlinearities in the system. == Ampair 600 Wind Turbine == [[File:FullTurbine.png|50px|right|frame|Ampair 600 Turbine]] The Ampair 600 Wind Turbine we are working with is the stock wind turbine with some of the electrical 'guts' removed, and replaced with solid masses. The tail has also been replaced with a smaller version. The turbine hub and nacelle are fixed to a flag pole which is fixed to a large mass. This large mass is then floating on a trampoline to simulate a free-free test condition. More information can be found here: [[:File:Substructuring_Testbed_Assembly_Instructions.pdf|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:TestBedPoster.pdf|Testbed Poster]] af8500a4af0c9ceeecd0f548d500ed95e6ceeb8f 206 205 2012-06-08T14:22:53Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki The test bed that the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen is an Ampair 600 Wind Turbine. This turbine was purchased and then modified to decrease the nonlinearities in the system. == Ampair 600 Wind Turbine == [[File:FullTurbine.png|50px|right|Ampair 600 Turbine]] The Ampair 600 Wind Turbine we are working with is the stock wind turbine with some of the electrical 'guts' removed, and replaced with solid masses. The tail has also been replaced with a smaller version. The turbine hub and nacelle are fixed to a flag pole which is fixed to a large mass. This large mass is then floating on a trampoline to simulate a free-free test condition. More information can be found here: [[:File:Substructuring_Testbed_Assembly_Instructions.pdf|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:TestBedPoster.pdf|Testbed Poster]] b974929fa5caa0bf5db3ecf1970890b9489c3a52 207 206 2012-06-08T14:23:07Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki The test bed that the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen is an Ampair 600 Wind Turbine. This turbine was purchased and then modified to decrease the nonlinearities in the system. == Ampair 600 Wind Turbine == [[File:FullTurbine.png|200px|right|Ampair 600 Turbine]] The Ampair 600 Wind Turbine we are working with is the stock wind turbine with some of the electrical 'guts' removed, and replaced with solid masses. The tail has also been replaced with a smaller version. The turbine hub and nacelle are fixed to a flag pole which is fixed to a large mass. This large mass is then floating on a trampoline to simulate a free-free test condition. More information can be found here: [[:File:Substructuring_Testbed_Assembly_Instructions.pdf|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:TestBedPoster.pdf|Testbed Poster]] 557470ed447ac5058bdfb0cc020ac395579a38ea 6 101 208 2012-06-08T14:25:23Z Drohe 2 Wisconsin Logo wikitext text/x-wiki Wisconsin Logo 2aeb4b72497dcd9f8067b2664b95068e68e16ac1 0 17 209 181 2012-06-08T14:26:01Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine. [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|right|100px] == Experiments Performed == *[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] *[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] == Calculations Performed == *[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) *[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) *[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) [[Category:Contributor]] 6b357424eaa82a0a3763e5678c02622c7476cc56 210 209 2012-06-08T14:26:53Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|right|100px] The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine. == Experiments Performed == *[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] *[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] == Calculations Performed == *[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) *[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) *[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) [[Category:Contributor]] 9f579854dc9515c476c1bdcfc1ab7b1c1523c1a2 211 210 2012-06-08T14:27:33Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine. [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|right|100px]] == Experiments Performed == *[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] *[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] == Calculations Performed == *[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) *[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) *[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) [[Category:Contributor]] 634133063113a53a015cf98fccd33c9d935f841c 212 211 2012-06-08T14:27:50Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|right|100px]] The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine. == Experiments Performed == *[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] *[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] == Calculations Performed == *[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) *[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) *[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) [[Category:Contributor]] 63cb0774da7e303f9672659175c09d1897b19757 213 212 2012-06-08T14:28:30Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|right|50px]] The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine. == Experiments Performed == *[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] *[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] == Calculations Performed == *[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) *[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) *[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) [[Category:Contributor]] 61a7f494e6225181ed30555e77dd58077eeb035e 214 213 2012-06-08T14:29:03Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|left|50px]] The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine. == Experiments Performed == *[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] *[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] == Calculations Performed == *[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) *[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) *[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) [[Category:Contributor]] 2967f98c52fd766cdfb903a52c88d65bd5806de7 215 214 2012-06-08T14:35:38Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|left|50px]] The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine.<br clear="all"> == Experiments Performed == *[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] *[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] == Calculations Performed == *[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) *[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) *[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) [[Category:Contributor]] 615648f4eb1d2251c3b512dae04e33d9b14982c5 216 215 2012-06-08T14:35:49Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|right|50px]] The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine.<br clear="all"> == Experiments Performed == *[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] *[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] == Calculations Performed == *[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) *[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) *[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) [[Category:Contributor]] 4b7ad414c163ecdde719203295e04272adf215bb 217 216 2012-06-08T14:37:00Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|right|50px|http://wisc.edu]] The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine.<br clear="all"> == Experiments Performed == *[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] *[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] == Calculations Performed == *[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) *[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) *[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) [[Category:Contributor]] 55fd5e3c87862f4ff41642dae2b9113087a2f46b 218 217 2012-06-08T14:37:36Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|right|50px|link=http://wisc.edu]] The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine.<br clear="all"> == Experiments Performed == *[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] *[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] == Calculations Performed == *[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) *[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) *[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) [[Category:Contributor]] ff48707365aba7481d2c474f7c7c4e87e88a621f 225 218 2013-01-24T20:26:08Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|right|50px|link=http://wisc.edu]] The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine.<br clear="all"> == Experiments Performed == *[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] *[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] == Calculations Performed == *[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) *[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) *[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) == Summary of Ampair Tests == * Dan Rohe's thesis contains an excellent discussion of the experiments performed at UW-Madison and the difficulties encountered. A second set of tests was performed at Sandia (will post that data when we are able) and far better results were obtained. His thesis is available below. * [[Category:Contributor]] 70bebcab63ed39f7985d7de38e50ffe02d29f7d9 227 225 2013-01-24T20:32:00Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|right|50px|link=http://wisc.edu]] The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine.<br clear="all"> == Experiments Performed == *[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] *[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] == Calculations Performed == *[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) *[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) *[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) == Summary of Ampair Tests == * Dan Rohe's thesis contains an excellent discussion of the experiments performed at UW-Madison and the difficulties encountered. A second set of tests was performed at Sandia (will post that data when we are able) and far better results were obtained. His thesis is available below. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/19/RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf] [[Category:Contributor]] 8104ea97ce01ca9dcdfccd79a8e025fe4199b272 228 227 2013-01-24T20:35:57Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|right|50px|link=http://wisc.edu]] The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine.<br clear="all"> == Experiments Performed == *Tests Performed Fall 2011 **[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] **[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *[[Tests performed by Dan Rohe (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia)]] **[[Full Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[Hub + 3 Blades]] (forthcoming) **[[Tower + Hub]] (forthcoming) == Calculations Performed == *[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) *[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) *[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) == Summary of Ampair Tests == * Dan Rohe's thesis contains an excellent discussion of the experiments performed at UW-Madison and the difficulties encountered. A second set of tests was performed at Sandia (will post that data when we are able) and far better results were obtained. His thesis is available below. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/19/RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf] [[Category:Contributor]] 864cb0f26c31579acfed4dbdbad582448b96a64a 229 228 2013-01-24T20:36:20Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|right|50px|link=http://wisc.edu]] The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine.<br clear="all"> == Experiments Performed == *Tests Performed Fall 2011 **[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] **[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *Tests performed by Dan Rohe (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia) **[[Full Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[Hub + 3 Blades]] (forthcoming) **[[Tower + Hub]] (forthcoming) == Calculations Performed == *[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) *[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) *[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) == Summary of Ampair Tests == * Dan Rohe's thesis contains an excellent discussion of the experiments performed at UW-Madison and the difficulties encountered. A second set of tests was performed at Sandia (will post that data when we are able) and far better results were obtained. His thesis is available below. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/19/RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf] [[Category:Contributor]] fa58391ae02d645736a26acb282d2c65cd031f19 230 229 2013-01-24T20:38:21Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|right|50px|link=http://wisc.edu]] The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine.<br clear="all"> == Experiments Performed == *Tests Performed Fall 2011 **[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] **[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *Tests performed by Dan Rohe (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia) **[[Full Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[Hub + 3 Blades]] (forthcoming) **[[Tower + Hub]] (forthcoming) == Calculations Performed == * Substructuring of UW-Madison Test Results (~Fall 2011) **[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) **[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) * Substructuring of Sandia Test Results (Summer 2012) **[[Hub+blades to Hub+Tower]] (forthcoming) == Summary of Ampair Tests == * Dan Rohe's thesis contains an excellent discussion of the experiments performed at UW-Madison and the difficulties encountered. A second set of tests was performed at Sandia (will post that data when we are able) and far better results were obtained. His thesis is available below. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/19/RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf] [[Category:Contributor]] f75c54b9135a4ba381aac75d1c523ee58bb06b01 231 230 2013-01-24T20:42:28Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|right|50px|link=http://wisc.edu]] The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine.<br clear="all"> == Experiments Performed == *Tests Performed Fall 2011 **[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] **[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *Tests performed by Dan Rohe (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia) **[[Full Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[Hub + 3 Blades]] (forthcoming) **[[Tower + Hub]] (forthcoming) == Calculations Performed == * Substructuring of UW-Madison Test Results (~Fall 2011) **[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) **[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) * Substructuring of Sandia Test Results (Summer 2012) **[[Hub+blades to Hub+Tower]] (forthcoming) **Paper Describing This: Rohe_Mayes_IMAC2013.pdf == Summary of Ampair Tests == * Dan Rohe's thesis contains an excellent discussion of the experiments performed at UW-Madison and the difficulties encountered. A second set of tests was performed at Sandia (will post that data when we are able) and far better results were obtained. His thesis is available below. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/19/RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf] [[Category:Contributor]] e44ecea2b2f39de723b350e7bcb1134caade60d9 233 231 2013-01-24T20:49:54Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|right|50px|link=http://wisc.edu]] The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine.<br clear="all"> == Experiments Performed == *Tests Performed Fall 2011 **[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] **[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *Tests performed by Dan Rohe (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia) **[[Full Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[Hub + 3 Blades]] (forthcoming) **[[Tower + Hub]] (forthcoming) == Calculations Performed == * Substructuring of UW-Madison Test Results (~Fall 2011) **[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) **[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) * Substructuring of Sandia Test Results (Summer 2012) **[[Hub+blades to Hub+Tower]] (forthcoming) **Paper Describing This: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf] == Summary of Ampair Tests == * Dan Rohe's thesis contains an excellent discussion of the experiments performed at UW-Madison and the difficulties encountered. A second set of tests was performed at Sandia (will post that data when we are able) and far better results were obtained. His thesis is available below. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/19/RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf] [[Category:Contributor]] ef4d430d53b6bc89e3ebe52ed7e9164ed655864a 6 102 219 2012-06-13T17:26:22Z MNurbhai 29 This is the blade geometry produced by AWE following scaning laser measurements averaged and curve fitted over 3 Ampair 600 blades. File is actually in 'step' model format so please rename to *.stp after downloading. wikitext text/x-wiki This is the blade geometry produced by AWE following scaning laser measurements averaged and curve fitted over 3 Ampair 600 blades. File is actually in 'step' model format so please rename to *.stp after downloading. 7b4d80114fefba1f87ae7f49b827aabb7418b3d1 224 219 2012-06-18T16:27:24Z Drohe 2 wikitext text/x-wiki This is the blade geometry produced by AWE following scaning laser measurements averaged and curve fitted over 3 Ampair 600 blades. File is actually in 'step' model format so please rename to *.stp after downloading. [[Category:Models]] 1316ede2237dc4840f95920e96f9fd66643f9f7f 14 9 220 12 2012-06-13T17:31:07Z MNurbhai 29 wikitext text/x-wiki Here is a list of any models we have created. To make your page appear here, tag it by adding <nowiki>[[Category:Models]]</nowiki> in the wiki text. CAD Geometry for the Ampair 600 Blade: This is the blade geometry produced by AWE following scaning laser measurements averaged and surface/curve fitted using 3 Ampair 600 blades. This file [[Media:ExamScanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt]] is actually in 'step' model format so please rename to *.stp after downloading. 425a85bbcadf87d4a41fe4e2b76d7523887b2cb3 221 220 2012-06-13T17:31:25Z MNurbhai 29 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Here is a list of any models we have created. To make your page appear here, tag it by adding <nowiki>[[Category:Models]]</nowiki> in the wiki text.''' CAD Geometry for the Ampair 600 Blade: This is the blade geometry produced by AWE following scaning laser measurements averaged and surface/curve fitted using 3 Ampair 600 blades. This file [[Media:ExamScanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt]] is actually in 'step' model format so please rename to *.stp after downloading. 0cdd04be522db7318c57f51b1d4f65875d9936e1 222 221 2012-06-13T17:33:32Z MNurbhai 29 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Here is a list of any models we have created. To make your page appear here, tag it by adding <nowiki>[[Category:Models]]</nowiki> in the wiki text.''' CAD Geometry for the Ampair 600 Blade: This is the blade geometry produced by AWE following scaning laser measurements averaged and surface/curve fitted using 3 Ampair 600 blades. This file ([[Media:Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt]]) is actually in 'step' model format so please rename to *.stp after downloading. 2a90470c8c3a7add79ca26de0bf0962d84a3eb30 6 103 226 2013-01-24T20:30:03Z MSAllen 1 Daniel Rohe's Master's Thesis, Univ. Wisconsin-Madison, December 2012. wikitext text/x-wiki Daniel Rohe's Master's Thesis, Univ. Wisconsin-Madison, December 2012. a1822d133a88f3ce4805afd2766853772a215ed0 6 105 234 2013-01-24T20:52:11Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 0 20 235 23 2013-02-12T01:27:01Z MvanderSeijs 37 wikitext text/x-wiki The section Engineering Dynamics ([http://3me.tudelft.nl/en/ed]) of Delft University of Technology participates in the SEM IMAC Dynamic Substructuring Focus Group. '''Recent contributions:''' MSc. Thesis: ''Experimental Dynamic Substructuring, Coupling and Decoupling. Application to Ampair 600 Wind Turbine'' By Siamand Rahimi. [[File:2012_Rahimi_MSc_Thesis]] [[Category:Contributor]] 9dd95e41866ffd8e668eeed9878f18b326bb68f6 237 235 2013-02-12T01:28:29Z MvanderSeijs 37 wikitext text/x-wiki The section Engineering Dynamics ([http://3me.tudelft.nl/en/ed]) of Delft University of Technology participates in the SEM IMAC Dynamic Substructuring Focus Group. '''Recent contributions:''' MSc. Thesis: ''Experimental Dynamic Substructuring, Coupling and Decoupling. Application to Ampair 600 Wind Turbine'' By Siamand Rahimi. [[File:2012_Rahimi_MSc_Thesis.pdf]] [[Category:Contributor]] 2a71e9f68e42b57b6993ec2d9dc047afc4dd0242 238 237 2013-02-12T01:29:23Z MvanderSeijs 37 wikitext text/x-wiki The section Engineering Dynamics ([http://3me.tudelft.nl/en/ed]) of Delft University of Technology participates in the SEM IMAC Dynamic Substructuring Focus Group. '''Recent contributions:''' MSc. Thesis: ''Experimental Dynamic Substructuring, Coupling and Decoupling. Application to Ampair 600 Wind Turbine'' By Siamand Rahimi. [[File:2012_Rahimi_MSc_Thesis.pdf]] More results and measurement data will follow. [[Category:Contributor]] 49afedb39f9346236dd9b63ea11f957890a17aa2 239 238 2013-02-12T01:30:47Z MvanderSeijs 37 wikitext text/x-wiki The section Engineering Dynamics ([http://3me.tudelft.nl/en/ed]) of Delft University of Technology participates in the SEM IMAC Dynamic Substructuring Focus Group. ==Recent contributions== * MSc. Thesis: ''Experimental Dynamic Substructuring, Coupling and Decoupling. Application to Ampair 600 Wind Turbine'' By Siamand Rahimi. [[Media:2012_Rahimi_MSc_Thesis.pdf]] More results and measurement data will follow. [[Category:Contributor]] a8efbd13edd05644b4b206bec22907d15f03dc77 240 239 2013-02-12T06:42:59Z MvanderSeijs 37 wikitext text/x-wiki The section [[http://3me.tudelft.nl/en/ed/ Engineering Dynamics]] of Delft University of Technology participates in the SEM IMAC Dynamic Substructuring Focus Group. ==Recent contributions== * MSc. Thesis: ''Experimental Dynamic Substructuring, Coupling and Decoupling. Application to Ampair 600 Wind Turbine'' By Siamand Rahimi. [[:Media:2012_Rahimi_MSc_Thesis.pdf|PDF]]. More results and measurement data will follow. [[Category:Contributor]] 56dce0a4408b2316a7ea319fbf8a5ea8d8df691c 6 106 236 2013-02-12T01:28:03Z MvanderSeijs 37 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 0 18 242 21 2013-02-26T08:38:21Z AJohansson 21 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Chalmers_logo.png|right|50px|link=http://www.chalmers.se]] Chalmers University of Technology have initially focused on investigating the blades for the Ampair turbine; several free-free vibration tests as well as destructive testing of blades have been performed. A master student, Mladen Gibanica, is currently working on using substructuring techniques to couple analytical and experimental models of the blades to the hub. Calibrated FE models of the blades have also been developed. == Experiments Performed == *[[Geometrical and dynamic characterization of 12 blades-Chalmers]] *[[Stepped sine testing of blade 963-Chalmers]] *[[Destructive testing of blade 963-Chalmers]] == Calculations Performed == *[[Analysis of blade spread from 12 blades-Chalmers]] **Paper Describing This: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/179_gib.pdf 179_gib.pdf] == Models == *[[Calibrated FE model-Chalmers]] **Paper Describing This: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/179_gib.pdf 179_gib.pdf] == Summary of Ampair Tests == * Dan Rohe's thesis contains an excellent discussion of the experiments performed at UW-Madison and the difficulties encountered. A second set of tests was performed at Sandia (will post that data when we are able) and far better results were obtained. His thesis is available below. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/19/108_joh.pdf 108_joh.pdf] [[Category:Contributor]] 8f02c2876cc5c5a6194294bd4591d22a745b3c0c 243 242 2013-02-26T08:38:53Z AJohansson 21 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Chalmers_logo.png|right|50px|link=http://www.chalmers.se]] Chalmers University of Technology have initially focused on investigating the blades for the Ampair turbine; several free-free vibration tests as well as destructive testing of blades have been performed. A master student, Mladen Gibanica, is currently working on using substructuring techniques to couple analytical and experimental models of the blades to the hub. Calibrated FE models of the blades have also been developed. == Experiments Performed == *[[Geometric and dynamic characterization of 12 blades-Chalmers]] *[[Stepped sine testing of blade 963-Chalmers]] *[[Destructive testing of blade 963-Chalmers]] == Calculations Performed == *[[Analysis of blade spread from 12 blades-Chalmers]] **Paper Describing This: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/179_gib.pdf 179_gib.pdf] == Models == *[[Calibrated FE model-Chalmers]] **Paper Describing This: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/179_gib.pdf 179_gib.pdf] == Summary of Ampair Tests == * Dan Rohe's thesis contains an excellent discussion of the experiments performed at UW-Madison and the difficulties encountered. A second set of tests was performed at Sandia (will post that data when we are able) and far better results were obtained. His thesis is available below. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/19/108_joh.pdf 108_joh.pdf] [[Category:Contributor]] 091b0f236f921d24f133e8235a30ddbe38c8250e 244 243 2013-02-26T08:40:20Z AJohansson 21 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Chalmers_logo.png|right|50px|link=http://www.chalmers.se]] Chalmers University of Technology have initially focused on investigating the blades for the Ampair turbine; several free-free vibration tests as well as destructive testing of blades have been performed. A master student, Mladen Gibanica, is currently working on using substructuring techniques to couple analytical and experimental models of the blades to the hub. Calibrated FE models of the blades have also been developed. == Experiments Performed == *[[Geometric and dynamic characterization of 12 blades-Chalmers]] *[[Stepped sine testing of blade 963-Chalmers]] *[[Destructive testing of blade 963-Chalmers]] == Calculations Performed == *[[Analysis of blade spread from 12 blades-Chalmers]] **Paper Describing This: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/179_gib.pdf 179_gib.pdf] == Models == *[[Calibrated FE model-Chalmers]] **Paper Describing This: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/179_gib.pdf 179_gib.pdf] [[Category:Contributor]] 6ca6a25d2b900ab63f89f638978320aaed64f5ce 245 244 2013-02-26T08:41:04Z AJohansson 21 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Chalmers_logo.png|right|50px|link=http://www.chalmers.se]] Chalmers University of Technology have initially focused on investigating the blades for the Ampair turbine; several free-free vibration tests as well as destructive testing of blades have been performed. A master student, Mladen Gibanica, is currently working on using substructuring techniques to couple analytical and experimental models of the blades to the hub. Calibrated FE models of the blades have also been developed. == Experiments Performed == *[[Geometric and dynamic characterization of 12 blades-Chalmers]] *[[Stepped sine testing of blade 963-Chalmers]] *[[Destructive testing of blade 963-Chalmers]] == Calculations Performed == *[[Analysis of blade spread from 12 blades-Chalmers]] **Paper Describing This: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/179_gib.pdf 179_gib.pdf] == Models == *[[Calibrated FE model-Chalmers]] **Paper Describing This: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/179_gib.pdf 179_gib.pdf] [[Category:Contributor]] 437e19189047accebbe20fca17b1c6a4ac37d54a 246 245 2013-02-27T12:56:08Z AJohansson 21 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Chalmers_logo.png|right|50px|link=http://www.chalmers.se]] Chalmers University of Technology have initially focused on investigating the blades for the Ampair turbine; several free-free vibration tests as well as destructive testing of blades have been performed. A master student, Mladen Gibanica, is currently working on using substructuring techniques to couple analytical and experimental models of the blades to the hub. Calibrated FE models of the blades have also been developed. == Experiments Performed == *[[Geometric and dynamic characterization of 12 blades-Chalmers]] *[[Stepped sine testing of blade 963-Chalmers]] *[[Destructive testing of blade 963-Chalmers]] == Calculations Performed == *[[Analysis of blade spread from 12 blades-Chalmers]] **Paper Describing This: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/179_gib.pdf Spread in modal data obtained from wind turbine blade testing] Presented at the 31th IMAC, Garden Grove, CA, February 11-14, 2013 == Models == *[[Calibrated FE model-Chalmers]] **Paper Describing This: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/108_joh.pdf Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade] Presented at the 31th IMAC, Garden Grove, CA, February 11-14, 2013 [[Category:Contributor]] d23afbd42df2c8f9378477a6ed073f79fe57c9f7 247 246 2013-02-27T12:56:30Z AJohansson 21 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Chalmers_logo.png|right|50px|link=http://www.chalmers.se]] Chalmers University of Technology have initially focused on investigating the blades for the Ampair turbine; several free-free vibration tests as well as destructive testing of blades have been performed. A master student, Mladen Gibanica, is currently working on using substructuring techniques to couple analytical and experimental models of the blades to the hub. Calibrated FE models of the blades have also been developed. == Experiments Performed == *[[Geometric and dynamic characterization of 12 blades-Chalmers]] *[[Stepped sine testing of blade 963-Chalmers]] *[[Destructive testing of blade 963-Chalmers]] == Calculations Performed == *[[Analysis of blade spread from 12 blades-Chalmers]] **Paper Describing This: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/179_gib.pdf Spread in modal data obtained from wind turbine blade testing], presented at the 31th IMAC, Garden Grove, CA, February 11-14, 2013 == Models == *[[Calibrated FE model-Chalmers]] **Paper Describing This: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/108_joh.pdf Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade], presented at the 31th IMAC, Garden Grove, CA, February 11-14, 2013 [[Category:Contributor]] 03a5d00f994ab6efe29a1108d57dd3b995b707c5 248 247 2013-02-27T12:56:52Z AJohansson 21 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Chalmers_logo.png|right|50px|link=http://www.chalmers.se]] Chalmers University of Technology have initially focused on investigating the blades for the Ampair turbine; several free-free vibration tests as well as destructive testing of blades have been performed. A master student, Mladen Gibanica, is currently working on using substructuring techniques to couple analytical and experimental models of the blades to the hub. Calibrated FE models of the blades have also been developed. == Experiments Performed == *[[Geometric and dynamic characterization of 12 blades-Chalmers]] *[[Stepped sine testing of blade 963-Chalmers]] *[[Destructive testing of blade 963-Chalmers]] == Calculations Performed == *[[Analysis of blade spread from 12 blades-Chalmers]] **Paper describing this: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/179_gib.pdf Spread in modal data obtained from wind turbine blade testing], presented at the 31th IMAC, Garden Grove, CA, February 11-14, 2013 == Models == *[[Calibrated FE model-Chalmers]] **Paper describing this: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/108_joh.pdf Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade], presented at the 31th IMAC, Garden Grove, CA, February 11-14, 2013 [[Category:Contributor]] 4748d373b2ac5bfa2141f72de9955b1b225c0f4e 249 248 2013-03-11T18:18:37Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:ChalmersLogo.jpg|right|50px|link=http://www.chalmers.se]] Chalmers University of Technology have initially focused on investigating the blades for the Ampair turbine; several free-free vibration tests as well as destructive testing of blades have been performed. A master student, Mladen Gibanica, is currently working on using substructuring techniques to couple analytical and experimental models of the blades to the hub. Calibrated FE models of the blades have also been developed. == Experiments Performed == *[[Geometric and dynamic characterization of 12 blades-Chalmers]] *[[Stepped sine testing of blade 963-Chalmers]] *[[Destructive testing of blade 963-Chalmers]] == Calculations Performed == *[[Analysis of blade spread from 12 blades-Chalmers]] **Paper describing this: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/179_gib.pdf Spread in modal data obtained from wind turbine blade testing], presented at the 31th IMAC, Garden Grove, CA, February 11-14, 2013 == Models == *[[Calibrated FE model-Chalmers]] **Paper describing this: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/108_joh.pdf Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade], presented at the 31th IMAC, Garden Grove, CA, February 11-14, 2013 [[Category:Contributor]] 23ff2da8fac51bb46b49126f21e3ad1d395a9e11 251 249 2013-03-11T18:23:22Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:ChalmersLogo.jpg|right|150px|link=http://www.chalmers.se]] Chalmers University of Technology have initially focused on investigating the blades for the Ampair turbine; several free-free vibration tests as well as destructive testing of blades have been performed. A master student, Mladen Gibanica, is currently working on using substructuring techniques to couple analytical and experimental models of the blades to the hub. Calibrated FE models of the blades have also been developed. == Experiments Performed == *[[Geometric and dynamic characterization of 12 blades-Chalmers]] *[[Stepped sine testing of blade 963-Chalmers]] *[[Destructive testing of blade 963-Chalmers]] == Calculations Performed == *[[Analysis of blade spread from 12 blades-Chalmers]] **Paper describing this: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/179_gib.pdf Spread in modal data obtained from wind turbine blade testing], presented at the 31th IMAC, Garden Grove, CA, February 11-14, 2013 == Models == *[[Calibrated FE model-Chalmers]] **Paper describing this: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/108_joh.pdf Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade], presented at the 31th IMAC, Garden Grove, CA, February 11-14, 2013 [[Category:Contributor]] 822ea8d7f9bacb080ec246ee8bdbfd6d8b9ae887 252 251 2013-03-11T18:24:37Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:ChalmersLogo2.jpg|right|150px|link=http://www.chalmers.se]] Chalmers University of Technology have initially focused on investigating the blades for the Ampair turbine; several free-free vibration tests as well as destructive testing of blades have been performed. A master student, Mladen Gibanica, is currently working on using substructuring techniques to couple analytical and experimental models of the blades to the hub. Calibrated FE models of the blades have also been developed. == Experiments Performed == *[[Geometric and dynamic characterization of 12 blades-Chalmers]] *[[Stepped sine testing of blade 963-Chalmers]] *[[Destructive testing of blade 963-Chalmers]] == Calculations Performed == *[[Analysis of blade spread from 12 blades-Chalmers]] **Paper describing this: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/179_gib.pdf Spread in modal data obtained from wind turbine blade testing], presented at the 31th IMAC, Garden Grove, CA, February 11-14, 2013 == Models == *[[Calibrated FE model-Chalmers]] **Paper describing this: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/108_joh.pdf Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade], presented at the 31th IMAC, Garden Grove, CA, February 11-14, 2013 [[Category:Contributor]] 8ced1d7848a15159ed9a4d06fe87dcade2f48fcb 253 252 2013-03-11T18:25:34Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki Chalmers University of Technology have initially focused on investigating the blades for the Ampair turbine; several free-free vibration tests as well as destructive testing of blades have been performed. A master student, Mladen Gibanica, is currently working on using substructuring techniques to couple analytical and experimental models of the blades to the hub. Calibrated FE models of the blades have also been developed. == Experiments Performed == *[[Geometric and dynamic characterization of 12 blades-Chalmers]] *[[Stepped sine testing of blade 963-Chalmers]] *[[Destructive testing of blade 963-Chalmers]] == Calculations Performed == *[[Analysis of blade spread from 12 blades-Chalmers]] **Paper describing this: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/179_gib.pdf Spread in modal data obtained from wind turbine blade testing], presented at the 31th IMAC, Garden Grove, CA, February 11-14, 2013 == Models == *[[Calibrated FE model-Chalmers]] **Paper describing this: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/108_joh.pdf Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade], presented at the 31th IMAC, Garden Grove, CA, February 11-14, 2013 [[Category:Contributor]] 6cc3ff28f21bfa0a4f1924a6514b1575895f847f 254 253 2013-03-11T18:26:00Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:ChalmersLogo.jpg|right|150px|link=http://www.chalmers.se]] Chalmers University of Technology have initially focused on investigating the blades for the Ampair turbine; several free-free vibration tests as well as destructive testing of blades have been performed. A master student, Mladen Gibanica, is currently working on using substructuring techniques to couple analytical and experimental models of the blades to the hub. Calibrated FE models of the blades have also been developed. == Experiments Performed == *[[Geometric and dynamic characterization of 12 blades-Chalmers]] *[[Stepped sine testing of blade 963-Chalmers]] *[[Destructive testing of blade 963-Chalmers]] == Calculations Performed == *[[Analysis of blade spread from 12 blades-Chalmers]] **Paper describing this: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/179_gib.pdf Spread in modal data obtained from wind turbine blade testing], presented at the 31th IMAC, Garden Grove, CA, February 11-14, 2013 == Models == *[[Calibrated FE model-Chalmers]] **Paper describing this: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/108_joh.pdf Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade], presented at the 31th IMAC, Garden Grove, CA, February 11-14, 2013 [[Category:Contributor]] 822ea8d7f9bacb080ec246ee8bdbfd6d8b9ae887 258 254 2013-03-11T18:31:29Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:ChalmersLogo_2.png|right|150px|link=http://www.chalmers.se]] Chalmers University of Technology have initially focused on investigating the blades for the Ampair turbine; several free-free vibration tests as well as destructive testing of blades have been performed. A master student, Mladen Gibanica, is currently working on using substructuring techniques to couple analytical and experimental models of the blades to the hub. Calibrated FE models of the blades have also been developed. == Experiments Performed == *[[Geometric and dynamic characterization of 12 blades-Chalmers]] *[[Stepped sine testing of blade 963-Chalmers]] *[[Destructive testing of blade 963-Chalmers]] == Calculations Performed == *[[Analysis of blade spread from 12 blades-Chalmers]] **Paper describing this: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/179_gib.pdf Spread in modal data obtained from wind turbine blade testing], presented at the 31th IMAC, Garden Grove, CA, February 11-14, 2013 == Models == *[[Calibrated FE model-Chalmers]] **Paper describing this: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/108_joh.pdf Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade], presented at the 31th IMAC, Garden Grove, CA, February 11-14, 2013 [[Category:Contributor]] e22575060883d1aef7c0e2d96dc0ea4bc62ba74d 266 258 2013-03-28T14:54:26Z AJohansson 21 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:ChalmersLogo_2.png|right|150px|link=http://www.chalmers.se]] Chalmers University of Technology have initially focused on investigating the blades for the Ampair turbine; several free-free vibration tests as well as destructive testing of blades have been performed. A master student, Mladen Gibanica, is currently working on using substructuring techniques to couple analytical and experimental models of the blades to the hub. Calibrated FE models of the blades have also been developed. == Experiments Performed == *[[Geometric and dynamic characterization of 12 blades-Chalmers]] *[[Additional testing of blade 963-Chalmers]] == Calculations Performed == *[[Analysis of blade spread from 12 blades-Chalmers]] **Paper describing this: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/179_gib.pdf Spread in modal data obtained from wind turbine blade testing], presented at the 31th IMAC, Garden Grove, CA, February 11-14, 2013 == Models == *[[Calibrated FE model-Chalmers]] **Paper describing this: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/108_joh.pdf Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade], presented at the 31th IMAC, Garden Grove, CA, February 11-14, 2013 [[Category:Contributor]] a196a90b56d9f049193b133e2b69eaac9d0c914d 0 17 255 233 2013-03-11T18:28:53Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|right|50px|link=http://wisc.edu]] The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine.<br clear="all"> == Experiments Performed == *Tests Performed Fall 2011 **[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] **[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *Tests performed by Dan Rohe (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia) **[[Full Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[Hub + 3 Blades]] (forthcoming) **[[Tower + Hub]] (forthcoming) == Calculations Performed == * Substructuring of UW-Madison Test Results (~Fall 2011) **[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) **[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) * Substructuring of Sandia Test Results (Summer 2012) **[[Hub+blades to Hub+Tower]] (forthcoming) **Paper Describing This: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf] == Summary of Ampair Tests == * Dan Rohe's thesis contains an excellent discussion of the experiments performed at UW-Madison and the difficulties encountered. A second set of tests was performed at Sandia (will post that data when we are able) and far better results were obtained. His thesis is available below. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/19/RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf] == Test upload of file == [[File:TestFile.png|right|100px|link=http://wisc.edu]] [[Category:Contributor]] da96217fbce4585a5dc1af673807f264df75fa6e 257 255 2013-03-11T18:29:57Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|right|50px|link=http://wisc.edu]] The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine.<br clear="all"> == Experiments Performed == *Tests Performed Fall 2011 **[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] **[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *Tests performed by Dan Rohe (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia) **[[Full Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[Hub + 3 Blades]] (forthcoming) **[[Tower + Hub]] (forthcoming) == Calculations Performed == * Substructuring of UW-Madison Test Results (~Fall 2011) **[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) **[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) * Substructuring of Sandia Test Results (Summer 2012) **[[Hub+blades to Hub+Tower]] (forthcoming) **Paper Describing This: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf] == Summary of Ampair Tests == * Dan Rohe's thesis contains an excellent discussion of the experiments performed at UW-Madison and the difficulties encountered. A second set of tests was performed at Sandia (will post that data when we are able) and far better results were obtained. His thesis is available below. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/19/RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf] [[Category:Contributor]] ef4d430d53b6bc89e3ebe52ed7e9164ed655864a 289 257 2013-07-15T21:11:38Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|right|50px|link=http://wisc.edu]] The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine.<br clear="all"> == Experiments Performed == [[File:UW Full Turbine Points.JPG|left|100px|link=http://wisc.edu]] *Tests Performed Fall 2011 **[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] **[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *Tests performed by Dan Rohe (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia) **[[Full Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[Hub + 3 Blades]] (forthcoming) **[[Tower + Hub]] (forthcoming) == Calculations Performed == * Substructuring of UW-Madison Test Results (~Fall 2011) **[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) **[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) * Substructuring of Sandia Test Results (Summer 2012) **[[Hub+blades to Hub+Tower]] (forthcoming) **Paper Describing This: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf] == Summary of Ampair Tests == * Dan Rohe's thesis contains an excellent discussion of the experiments performed at UW-Madison and the difficulties encountered. A second set of tests was performed at Sandia (will post that data when we are able) and far better results were obtained. His thesis is available below. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/19/RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf] [[Category:Contributor]] 95b9721ede15551d120384c7a562f4e6cbde317f 6 110 259 2013-03-11T18:31:47Z MSAllen 1 Test 3 of upload of Chalmers Logo wikitext text/x-wiki Test 3 of upload of Chalmers Logo 3062fef0347e1bc33888787607f30739ec54601a 0 94 260 168 2013-03-11T18:38:34Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki The wiki provides a quick and easy means to [[Special:Upload | upload files]] and post them to a page you might create. The interface to upload the files is located in the Toolbox section of the Navigation Bar on the left side. You must be logged in to upload files. The page lists permitted file types. If you wish to upload a file type that is not listed in that list, let Dan Rohe or Matt Allen know and we can make the necessary changes. Our web host has an imposed limit of 32 MB per file for upload. == Large File Upload == To upload files larger than 32 MB, three options exist. === Manual Upload === To circumvent upload size restrictions, users with command-line access to the server (Matt Allen or Dan Rohe) can manually place your file on the server and build a link to the Wiki for it. To do this, upload your file to the following shared folder (or post it at some other location where they can access it). In your wiki page, enter the file name in the location where you would like the link. As Matt & Dan are able they will transfer your file to the Wiki and create the link. [https://mywebspace.wisc.edu/xythoswfs/webui/_xy-40302674_1-t_RIQHeIA2:Link to External Folder] === External Upload === Files can be uploaded to an external hosting site and linked externally. See the wiki's [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for more information on creating external links. === Compression === Compression can only go so far, and the server's security software seems to be overzealous at flagging compressed file formats (especially *.zip files). The security software seems to be more lenient with *.rar compressed files, although the occasional false positive still occurs. If the server won't let you upload your compressed file, see one of the other methods. a9993fce55446f7725c61efffb3379c6ffb7b9e0 261 260 2013-03-11T18:39:09Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki The wiki provides a quick and easy means to [[Special:Upload | upload files]] and post them to a page you might create. The interface to upload the files is located in the Toolbox section of the Navigation Bar on the left side. You must be logged in to upload files. The page lists permitted file types. If you wish to upload a file type that is not listed in that list, let Dan Rohe or Matt Allen know and we can make the necessary changes. Our web host has an imposed limit of 32 MB per file for upload. == Large File Upload == To upload files larger than 32 MB, three options exist. === Manual Upload === To circumvent upload size restrictions, users with command-line access to the server (Matt Allen or Dan Rohe) can manually place your file on the server and build a link to the Wiki for it. To do this, upload your file to the following shared folder (or post it at some other location where they can access it). In your wiki page, enter the file name in the location where you would like the link. As Matt & Dan are able they will transfer your file to the Wiki and create the link. [https://mywebspace.wisc.edu/xythoswfs/webui/_xy-40302674_1-t_RIQHeIA2 : Link to External Folder] === External Upload === Files can be uploaded to an external hosting site and linked externally. See the wiki's [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for more information on creating external links. === Compression === Compression can only go so far, and the server's security software seems to be overzealous at flagging compressed file formats (especially *.zip files). The security software seems to be more lenient with *.rar compressed files, although the occasional false positive still occurs. If the server won't let you upload your compressed file, see one of the other methods. 624a2db2a4489e34b5f959874a961ce6286df750 263 261 2013-03-11T18:50:34Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki [Category:Toolbox] The wiki provides a quick and easy means to [[Special:Upload | upload files]] and post them to a page you might create. The interface to upload the files is located in the Toolbox section of the Navigation Bar on the left side. You must be logged in to upload files. The page lists permitted file types. If you wish to upload a file type that is not listed in that list, let Dan Rohe or Matt Allen know and we can make the necessary changes. Our web host has an imposed limit of 32 MB per file for upload. == Large File Upload == To upload files larger than 32 MB, three options exist. === Manual Upload === To circumvent upload size restrictions, users with command-line access to the server (Matt Allen or Dan Rohe) can manually place your file on the server and build a link to the Wiki for it. To do this, upload your file to the following shared folder (or post it at some other location where they can access it). In your wiki page, enter the file name in the location where you would like the link. As Matt & Dan are able they will transfer your file to the Wiki and create the link. [https://mywebspace.wisc.edu/xythoswfs/webui/_xy-40302674_1-t_RIQHeIA2 : Link to External Folder] === External Upload === Files can be uploaded to an external hosting site and linked externally. See the wiki's [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for more information on creating external links. === Compression === Compression can only go so far, and the server's security software seems to be overzealous at flagging compressed file formats (especially *.zip files). The security software seems to be more lenient with *.rar compressed files, although the occasional false positive still occurs. If the server won't let you upload your compressed file, see one of the other methods. c13e4297ee7e9b2372f7731018485904c3c85ecd 264 263 2013-03-11T18:50:45Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Toolbox]] The wiki provides a quick and easy means to [[Special:Upload | upload files]] and post them to a page you might create. The interface to upload the files is located in the Toolbox section of the Navigation Bar on the left side. You must be logged in to upload files. The page lists permitted file types. If you wish to upload a file type that is not listed in that list, let Dan Rohe or Matt Allen know and we can make the necessary changes. Our web host has an imposed limit of 32 MB per file for upload. == Large File Upload == To upload files larger than 32 MB, three options exist. === Manual Upload === To circumvent upload size restrictions, users with command-line access to the server (Matt Allen or Dan Rohe) can manually place your file on the server and build a link to the Wiki for it. To do this, upload your file to the following shared folder (or post it at some other location where they can access it). In your wiki page, enter the file name in the location where you would like the link. As Matt & Dan are able they will transfer your file to the Wiki and create the link. [https://mywebspace.wisc.edu/xythoswfs/webui/_xy-40302674_1-t_RIQHeIA2 : Link to External Folder] === External Upload === Files can be uploaded to an external hosting site and linked externally. See the wiki's [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for more information on creating external links. === Compression === Compression can only go so far, and the server's security software seems to be overzealous at flagging compressed file formats (especially *.zip files). The security software seems to be more lenient with *.rar compressed files, although the occasional false positive still occurs. If the server won't let you upload your compressed file, see one of the other methods. c4863ff54e897ca3734e147bf6b5257be8207555 265 264 2013-03-11T18:51:23Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki The wiki provides a quick and easy means to [[Special:Upload | upload files]] and post them to a page you might create. The interface to upload the files is located in the Toolbox section of the Navigation Bar on the left side. You must be logged in to upload files. The page lists permitted file types. If you wish to upload a file type that is not listed in that list, let Dan Rohe or Matt Allen know and we can make the necessary changes. Our web host has an imposed limit of 32 MB per file for upload. == Large File Upload == To upload files larger than 32 MB, three options exist. === Manual Upload === To circumvent upload size restrictions, users with command-line access to the server (Matt Allen or Dan Rohe) can manually place your file on the server and build a link to the Wiki for it. To do this, upload your file to the following shared folder (or post it at some other location where they can access it). In your wiki page, enter the file name in the location where you would like the link. As Matt & Dan are able they will transfer your file to the Wiki and create the link. [https://mywebspace.wisc.edu/xythoswfs/webui/_xy-40302674_1-t_RIQHeIA2 : Link to External Folder] === External Upload === Files can be uploaded to an external hosting site and linked externally. See the wiki's [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for more information on creating external links. === Compression === Compression can only go so far, and the server's security software seems to be overzealous at flagging compressed file formats (especially *.zip files). The security software seems to be more lenient with *.rar compressed files, although the occasional false positive still occurs. If the server won't let you upload your compressed file, see one of the other methods. 624a2db2a4489e34b5f959874a961ce6286df750 0 3 262 176 2013-03-11T18:49:15Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki Here are some best practices for contributing for this Wiki. == Creating Pages == * Pages are linked based on their names. For long names, it can get confusing to remember the page name. You can use redirects to help. * Use Categories <nowiki>[[Category:</nowiki>''Category Name''<nowiki>]]</nowiki> to organize pages into logical groups. * Please tag all model pages with <nowiki>[[Category:Models]]</nowiki> and all tests with <nowiki>[[Category:Experiments]]</nowiki> to automatically include them in the list of all models/experiments in the navigation bar. * Feel free to create pages explaining techniques that you use or anything else. * Feel free to look at the source code of other pages to help you learn how to use the wiki syntax. It is quick to learn, but you may need a refresher from time to time. * To edit the sidebar (for instance to add your institution as a contributor) edit this page: [[MediaWiki:Sidebar]] == Uploading Files == * Files are uploaded and stored by name. To ensure that nobody overwrites anyone else's data, please include a suffix or prefix identifying who uploaded it. Example: There will probably be a few turbine tests, so I called photos/data from Wisconsin's Turbine tests 'UW_Full_Turbine_Accel_Mount.jpg' * There is currently no quota on file uploads, but our hosting tells us to 'please be reasonable'. * If you need to upload a file larger than 32 MB, try to compress it. * If the compressed file is still too large or you run into security issues trying to upload the file (the security software sometimes reads false positives on compressed files), contact Dan Rohe (drohe@wisc.edu) or Matt Allen. We can manually place your file on the wiki by accessing the server directly. * It probably goes without saying, but don't upload any malicious files to the Wiki. By default MediaWiki (the software that this Wiki runs on) will warn you about file name extensions that it doesn't recognize or that may be used to contain harmful code. Everything we upload here should be safe, but there is always the possibility of outside intrusion. * Additional information for uploading files can be found in [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * A list of all uploaded files is found here: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/index.php/Special:ListFiles File List] == Discussion Pages== * Discussion pages can be used to comment on or ask questions about another group's results or techniques, instead of editing their page directly. 4558d8aaf7d350a42755a54d99d01506bb79a0e2 0 111 267 2013-04-03T09:16:18Z AJohansson 21 Created page with "These tests were performed during the spring and summer of 2012, presented at IMAC XXXI, Orange Grove, CA, February 2013: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5..." wikitext text/x-wiki These tests were performed during the spring and summer of 2012, presented at IMAC XXXI, Orange Grove, CA, February 2013: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/108_joh.pdf Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade] This page discusses the testing only. For the calculations performed, see the calculations page [[Analysis of blade spread from 12 blades-Chalmers]]. == Dynamic testing == The dynamic testing was performed by students in the Chalmers Master course "Structural dynamics - validation" during late spring. The tests were conducted with shaker excitation using a stepped sine input in the frequency range from Each student was assigned one of the twelve blades; as there were more students than blades, some blades were tested twice. Further testing was performed during the summer by Mladen Gibanica, Anders Johansson, Majid Khorsand Vakilzadeh and Sadegh Rahrovani to yield a group of blades tested thrice by different people. 21 accelerometers were used in the dynamic tests of which 20 were placed in approximate accordance with the study presented by Julie Harvie et al at [[University of Massachusetts at Lowell]] during IMACXXX. The 21st accelerometer was used to verify that a direct accelerance measurement was indeed achieved at the input. See further picture below. The frequency range tested was 30-500Hz with a uniform step size of 0.25Hz. [[File: Chalmers_dynmeas_blueprint_blade.JPG|frame|x300px|none|Measurement position of the 20 first accelerometers in test.]][[File: Chalmers_drive_point_blade.JPG|frame|x300px|none|Drive point measurement.]] == Geometric characterization == The geometry of the blades was characterized by using the geometrical tracking system of a milling machine together with a fixture, both seen below. The principal method for comparison of blade-to-blade geometrical spread was comparison of the twist angles of the blades at three different positions; P1-P3, P10-P11 and P18-P19, shown in the figure above. It was found that the discrepancy towards the tip could be as large as 10 degrees. [[File: Chalmers_milling_blade.JPG|frame|x300px|none|Geometrical measurement setup.]][[File: Chalmers_fixture_blade.JPG|frame|x300px|none|Geometrical measurement fixture.]] == Data == All data sets are in the matlab data file format .mat. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files. If this data is not readable, contact [mailto:anders.t.johansson@chalmers.se anders.t.johansson@chalmers.se]. [[:File:Chalmers_Blade.rar|Blade data]] | [[Category:Experiments]] 5646212da8791a503b07d903d0928077915f829b 269 267 2013-04-03T09:27:56Z AJohansson 21 wikitext text/x-wiki These tests were performed during the spring and summer of 2012, presented at IMAC XXXI, Orange Grove, CA, February 2013: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/108_joh.pdf Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade] This page discusses the testing only. For the calculations performed, see the calculations page [[Analysis of blade spread from 12 blades-Chalmers]]. == Dynamic testing == The dynamic testing was performed by students in the Chalmers Master course "Structural dynamics - validation" during late spring. The tests were conducted with shaker excitation using a stepped sine input in the frequency range from Each student was assigned one of the twelve blades; as there were more students than blades, some blades were tested twice. Further testing was performed during the summer by Mladen Gibanica, Anders Johansson, Majid Khorsand Vakilzadeh and Sadegh Rahrovani to yield a group of blades tested thrice by different people. 21 accelerometers were used in the dynamic tests of which 20 were placed in approximate accordance with the study presented by Julie Harvie et al at [[University of Massachusetts at Lowell]] during IMACXXX. The 21st accelerometer was used to verify that a direct accelerance measurement was indeed achieved at the input. See further picture below. The frequency range tested was 30-500Hz with a uniform step size of 0.25Hz. [[File: Chalmers_dynmeas_blueprint_blade.png|frame|x300px|none|Measurement position of the 20 first accelerometers in test.]][[File: Chalmers_drive_point_blade.JPG|frame|x300px|none|Drive point measurement.]] == Geometric characterization == The geometry of the blades was characterized by using the geometrical tracking system of a milling machine together with a fixture, both seen below. The principal method for comparison of blade-to-blade geometrical spread was comparison of the twist angles of the blades at three different positions; P1-P3, P10-P11 and P18-P19, shown in the figure above. It was found that the discrepancy towards the tip could be as large as 10 degrees. [[File: Chalmers_milling_blade.JPG|frame|x300px|none|Geometrical measurement setup.]][[File: Chalmers_fixture_blade.JPG|frame|x300px|none|Geometrical measurement fixture.]] == Data == All data sets are in the matlab data file format .mat. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files. If this data is not readable, contact [mailto:anders.t.johansson@chalmers.se anders.t.johansson@chalmers.se]. [[:File:Chalmers_Blade.rar|Blade data]] | [[Category:Experiments]] d7dff42e8a4b195e8c537877737dd77543ca16f3 270 269 2013-04-03T09:32:17Z AJohansson 21 wikitext text/x-wiki These tests were performed during the spring and summer of 2012, presented at IMAC XXXI, Orange Grove, CA, February 2013: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/108_joh.pdf Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade] This page discusses the testing only. For the calculations performed, see the calculations page [[Analysis of blade spread from 12 blades-Chalmers]]. == Dynamic testing == The dynamic testing was performed by students in the Chalmers Master course "Structural dynamics - validation" during late spring. The tests were conducted with shaker excitation using a stepped sine input in the frequency range from Each student was assigned one of the twelve blades; as there were more students than blades, some blades were tested twice. Further testing was performed during the summer by Mladen Gibanica, Anders Johansson, Majid Khorsand Vakilzadeh and Sadegh Rahrovani to yield a group of blades tested thrice by different people. 21 accelerometers were used in the dynamic tests of which 20 were placed in approximate accordance with the study presented by Julie Harvie et al at [[University of Massachusetts at Lowell]] during IMACXXX. The 21st accelerometer was used to verify that a direct accelerance measurement was indeed achieved at the input. See further picture below. The frequency range tested was 30-500Hz with a uniform step size of 0.25Hz. [[File: Chalmers_dynmeas_blueprint_blade.png|frame|x300px|none|Measurement position of the 20 first accelerometers in test.]][[File: Chalmers_drive_point_blade.png|frame|x300px|none|Drive point measurement.]] == Geometric characterization == The geometry of the blades was characterized by using the geometrical tracking system of a milling machine together with a fixture, both seen below. The principal method for comparison of blade-to-blade geometrical spread was comparison of the twist angles of the blades at three different positions; P1-P3, P10-P11 and P18-P19, shown in the figure above. It was found that the discrepancy towards the tip could be as large as 10 degrees. [[File: Chalmers_milling_blade.JPG|frame|x300px|none|Geometrical measurement setup.]][[File: Chalmers_fixture_blade.JPG|frame|x300px|none|Geometrical measurement fixture.]] == Data == All data sets are in the matlab data file format .mat. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files. If this data is not readable, contact [mailto:anders.t.johansson@chalmers.se anders.t.johansson@chalmers.se]. [[:File:Chalmers_Blade.rar|Blade data]] | [[Category:Experiments]] 78a55321c4be907539f2a61766d40b4044e80966 271 270 2013-04-05T07:54:50Z AJohansson 21 wikitext text/x-wiki These tests were performed during the spring and summer of 2012, presented at IMAC XXXI, Orange Grove, CA, February 2013: [[:File:179_gib.pdf|Spread in Modal Data Obtained From Wind Turbine Blade Testing]] This page discusses the testing only. For the calculations performed, see the calculations page [[Analysis of blade spread from 12 blades-Chalmers]]. == Dynamic testing == The dynamic testing was performed by students in the Chalmers Master course "Structural dynamics - validation" during late spring. The tests were conducted with shaker excitation using a stepped sine input in the frequency range from Each student was assigned one of the twelve blades; as there were more students than blades, some blades were tested twice. Further testing was performed during the summer by Mladen Gibanica, Anders Johansson, Majid Khorsand Vakilzadeh and Sadegh Rahrovani to yield a group of blades tested thrice by different people. 21 accelerometers were used in the dynamic tests of which 20 were placed in approximate accordance with the study presented by Julie Harvie et al at [[University of Massachusetts at Lowell]] during IMACXXX. The 21st accelerometer was used to verify that a direct accelerance measurement was indeed achieved at the input. See further picture below. The frequency range tested was 30-500Hz with a uniform step size of 0.25Hz. [[File: Chalmers_dynmeas_blueprint_blade.png|frame|x300px|none|Measurement position of the 20 first accelerometers in test.]][[File: Chalmers_drive_point_blade.png|frame|x300px|none|Drive point measurement.]] == Geometric characterization == The geometry of the blades was characterized by using the geometrical tracking system of a milling machine together with a fixture, both seen below. The principal method for comparison of blade-to-blade geometrical spread was comparison of the twist angles of the blades at three different positions; P1-P3, P10-P11 and P18-P19, shown in the figure above. It was found that the discrepancy towards the tip could be as large as 10 degrees. [[File: Chalmers_milling_blade.JPG|frame|x300px|none|Geometrical measurement setup.]][[File: Chalmers_fixture_blade.JPG|frame|x300px|none|Geometrical measurement fixture.]] == Data == All data sets are in the matlab data file format .mat. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files. If this data is not readable, contact [mailto:anders.t.johansson@chalmers.se anders.t.johansson@chalmers.se]. [[:File:Chalmers_Blade.rar|Blade data]] | [[Category:Experiments]] e09d494a94abdd2d3ac748244d78aac31c00041f 272 271 2013-04-05T07:55:39Z AJohansson 21 wikitext text/x-wiki These tests were performed during the spring and summer of 2012, presented at IMAC XXXI, Orange Grove, CA, February 2013: [[:File:179_gib.pdf|Spread in Modal Data Obtained From Wind Turbine Blade Testing]] This page discusses the testing only. For the calculations performed, see the calculations page [[Analysis of blade spread from 12 blades-Chalmers]]. == Dynamic testing == The dynamic testing was performed by students in the Chalmers Master course "Structural dynamics - validation" during late spring. The tests were conducted with shaker excitation using a stepped sine input in the frequency range from Each student was assigned one of the twelve blades; as there were more students than blades, some blades were tested twice. Further testing was performed during the summer by Mladen Gibanica, Anders Johansson, Majid Khorsand Vakilzadeh and Sadegh Rahrovani to yield a group of blades tested thrice by different people. 21 accelerometers were used in the dynamic tests of which 20 were placed in approximate accordance with the study presented by Julie Harvie et al at [[University of Massachusetts at Lowell]] during IMACXXX. The 21st accelerometer was used to verify that a direct accelerance measurement was indeed achieved at the input. See further picture below. The frequency range tested was 30-500Hz with a uniform step size of 0.25Hz. [[File: Chalmers_dynmeas_blueprint_blade.png|frame|x300px|none|Measurement position of the 20 first accelerometers in test.]][[File: Chalmers_drive_point_blade.png|frame|x300px|none|Drive point measurement.]] == Geometric characterization == The geometry of the blades was characterized by using the geometrical tracking system of a milling machine together with a fixture, both seen below. The principal method for comparison of blade-to-blade geometrical spread was comparison of the twist angles of the blades at three different positions; P1-P3, P10-P11 and P18-P19, shown in the figure above. It was found that the discrepancy towards the tip could be as large as 10 degrees. [[File: Chalmers_milling_blade.png|frame|x300px|none|Geometrical measurement setup.]][[File: Chalmers_fixture_blade.png|frame|x300px|none|Geometrical measurement fixture.]] == Data == All data sets are in the matlab data file format .mat. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files. If this data is not readable, contact [mailto:anders.t.johansson@chalmers.se anders.t.johansson@chalmers.se]. [[:File:Chalmers_Blade.rar|Blade data]] | [[Category:Experiments]] d7f01653261c137b243193802ef426fc781c6ead 273 272 2013-04-05T07:56:59Z AJohansson 21 wikitext text/x-wiki These tests were performed during the spring and summer of 2012, presented at IMAC XXXI, Orange Grove, CA, February 2013: [[:File:179_gib.pdf|Spread in Modal Data Obtained From Wind Turbine Blade Testing]] This page discusses the testing only. For the calculations performed, see the calculations page [[Analysis of blade spread from 12 blades-Chalmers]]. == Dynamic testing == The dynamic testing was performed by students in the Chalmers Master course "Structural dynamics - validation" during late spring. The tests were conducted with shaker excitation using a stepped sine input. Each student was assigned one of the twelve blades; as there were more students than blades, some blades were tested twice. Further testing was performed during the summer by Mladen Gibanica, Anders Johansson, Majid Khorsand Vakilzadeh and Sadegh Rahrovani to yield a group of blades tested thrice by different people. 21 accelerometers were used in the dynamic tests of which 20 were placed in approximate accordance with the study presented by Julie Harvie et al at [[University of Massachusetts at Lowell]] during IMACXXX. The 21st accelerometer was used to verify that a direct accelerance measurement was indeed achieved at the input. See further picture below. The frequency range tested was 30-500Hz with a uniform step size of 0.25Hz. [[File: Chalmers_dynmeas_blueprint_blade.png|frame|x300px|none|Measurement position of the 20 first accelerometers in test.]][[File: Chalmers_drive_point_blade.png|frame|x300px|none|Drive point measurement.]] == Geometric characterization == The geometry of the blades was characterized by using the geometrical tracking system of a milling machine together with a fixture, both seen below. The principal method for comparison of blade-to-blade geometrical spread was comparison of the twist angles of the blades at three different positions; P1-P3, P10-P11 and P18-P19, shown in the figure above. It was found that the discrepancy towards the tip could be as large as 10 degrees. [[File: Chalmers_milling_blade.png|frame|x300px|none|Geometrical measurement setup.]][[File: Chalmers_fixture_blade.png|frame|x300px|none|Geometrical measurement fixture.]] == Data == All data sets are in the matlab data file format .mat. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files. If this data is not readable, contact [mailto:anders.t.johansson@chalmers.se anders.t.johansson@chalmers.se]. [[:File:Chalmers_Blade.rar|Blade data]] | [[Category:Experiments]] 1f39ae7c7a56411b4b589c1e664e87567a47b4f9 0 14 274 17 2013-07-15T20:45:45Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki The Atomic Weapons Establishment used a coordinate measurement machine to acquire a detailed measurement of the geometry of a blade. The measurement is available in the text file here. [[Category:Contributor]] 5fdbcd6a3e26ca0d8638c05db565f5896e6360fb 275 274 2013-07-15T20:47:52Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki The Atomic Weapons Establishment used a coordinate measurement machine to acquire a detailed measurement of the geometry of a blade. The measurement is available in the text file here: Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt [[Category:Contributor]] b31dadb079f85f029b6e284ce904b3a0b45f6bb2 276 275 2013-07-15T20:48:36Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki The Atomic Weapons Establishment used a coordinate measurement machine to acquire a detailed measurement of the geometry of a blade. The measurement is available in the text file here: Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/1c/Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt] [[Category:Contributor]] d06827ebd956c89f51a6cf19de3132529d5e5275 277 276 2013-07-15T20:49:17Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki The Atomic Weapons Establishment used a coordinate measurement machine to acquire a detailed measurement of the geometry of a blade. The measurement is available in the text file here: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/1c/Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt] [[Category:Contributor]] fcc1206e4784687ac9e2aff46e403d03ca3b12e6 278 277 2013-07-15T20:51:12Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki The Atomic Weapons Establishment used scanning laser measurements to create an accurate geometric model of the blade. This measurement was averaged and curve fitted over 3 Ampair 600 blades. The measurement is available in the text file here: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/1c/Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt]. The file is actually in 'step' model format so please rename to *.stp after downloading. [[Category:Contributor]] ca2ce489e6fcb3609f446792a6fe32441377fe4c 279 278 2013-07-15T20:52:27Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki The Atomic Weapons Establishment used scanning laser measurements to create an accurate geometric model of the blade. This measurement was averaged and curve fitted over 3 Ampair 600 blades. The measurement is available in the text file here: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/1c/Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt]. The file is actually in 'step' model format so please rename to *.stp after downloading. [[File:ChalmersLogo_2.png|right|150px|link=http://www.chalmers.se]] [[Category:Contributor]] 634624f25e7bf94d5dd9f5f9af01f2ace464a052 282 279 2013-07-15T21:05:25Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki The Atomic Weapons Establishment used scanning laser measurements to create an accurate geometric model of the blade. This measurement was averaged and curve fitted over 3 Ampair 600 blades. The measurement is available in the text file here: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/1c/Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt]. The file is actually in 'step' model format so please rename to *.stp after downloading. The pictures are screen captures that Matt Allen created in SolidWorks 2012 after opening the *.stp file. [[File:AWEBladeScan_Back.png|right|150px|http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/1c/Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt]] [[File:AWEBladeScan.png|right|150px|http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/1c/Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt]] [[Category:Contributor]] 062809f479c96a034ddea47d738a33696ed47537 283 282 2013-07-15T21:05:53Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:AWEBladeScan.png|left|150px|http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/1c/Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt]] [[File:AWEBladeScan_Back.png|right|150px|http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/1c/Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt]] The Atomic Weapons Establishment used scanning laser measurements to create an accurate geometric model of the blade. This measurement was averaged and curve fitted over 3 Ampair 600 blades. The measurement is available in the text file here: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/1c/Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt]. The file is actually in 'step' model format so please rename to *.stp after downloading. The pictures are screen captures that Matt Allen created in SolidWorks 2012 after opening the *.stp file. [[Category:Contributor]] f0bca7ba24f2a5aae7ebe09ef761880d6261616b 284 283 2013-07-15T21:06:07Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:AWEBladeScan.png|left|250px|http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/1c/Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt]] [[File:AWEBladeScan_Back.png|right|250px|http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/1c/Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt]] The Atomic Weapons Establishment used scanning laser measurements to create an accurate geometric model of the blade. This measurement was averaged and curve fitted over 3 Ampair 600 blades. The measurement is available in the text file here: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/1c/Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt]. The file is actually in 'step' model format so please rename to *.stp after downloading. The pictures are screen captures that Matt Allen created in SolidWorks 2012 after opening the *.stp file. [[Category:Contributor]] b958a899dcfc023c67cab00113ab09915dc86b2c 285 284 2013-07-15T21:06:49Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:AWEBladeScan.png|left|250px|http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/1c/Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt]] [[File:AWEBladeScan_Back.png|left|250px|http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/1c/Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt]] The Atomic Weapons Establishment used scanning laser measurements to create an accurate geometric model of the blade. This measurement was averaged and curve fitted over 3 Ampair 600 blades. The measurement is available in the text file here: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/1c/Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt]. The file is actually in 'step' model format so please rename to *.stp after downloading. The pictures are screen captures that Matt Allen created in SolidWorks 2012 after opening the *.stp file. [[Category:Contributor]] 1d5b942227035afbb9b85c35f355f8635d58430f 286 285 2013-07-15T21:07:12Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:AWEBladeScan.png|left|350px|http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/1c/Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt]] [[File:AWEBladeScan_Back.png|350px|http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/1c/Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt]] The Atomic Weapons Establishment used scanning laser measurements to create an accurate geometric model of the blade. This measurement was averaged and curve fitted over 3 Ampair 600 blades. The measurement is available in the text file here: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/1c/Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt]. The file is actually in 'step' model format so please rename to *.stp after downloading. The pictures are screen captures that Matt Allen created in SolidWorks 2012 after opening the *.stp file. [[Category:Contributor]] 2296bac11e00bebffbe62ce910e4a1ecb8b445ec 287 286 2013-07-15T21:07:29Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:AWEBladeScan.png|left|350px|http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/1c/Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt]] [[File:AWEBladeScan_Back.png|350px|http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/1c/Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt]] The Atomic Weapons Establishment used scanning laser measurements to create an accurate geometric model of the blade. This measurement was averaged and curve fitted over 3 Ampair 600 blades. The measurement is available in the text file here: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/1c/Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt]. The file is actually in 'step' model format so please rename to *.stp after downloading. The pictures are screen captures that Matt Allen created in SolidWorks 2012 after opening the *.stp file. [[Category:Contributor]] 51f657fb4df7e57590565e0e42b52264a0264987 288 287 2013-07-15T21:07:46Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:AWEBladeScan.png|left|350px|http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/1c/Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt]] [[File:AWEBladeScan_Back.png|left|350px|http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/1c/Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt]] The Atomic Weapons Establishment used scanning laser measurements to create an accurate geometric model of the blade. This measurement was averaged and curve fitted over 3 Ampair 600 blades. The measurement is available in the text file here: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/1c/Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt]. The file is actually in 'step' model format so please rename to *.stp after downloading. The pictures are screen captures that Matt Allen created in SolidWorks 2012 after opening the *.stp file. [[Category:Contributor]] 8ccbe73bd9eba7e4a950cce694ee88096be484c0 0 17 290 289 2013-07-15T21:12:24Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|right|50px|link=http://wisc.edu]] The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine.<br clear="all"> == Experiments Performed == [[File:UW Full Turbine Points.JPG|left|100px]] *Tests Performed Fall 2011 **[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] **[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *Tests performed by Dan Rohe (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia) **[[Full Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[Hub + 3 Blades]] (forthcoming) **[[Tower + Hub]] (forthcoming) == Calculations Performed == * Substructuring of UW-Madison Test Results (~Fall 2011) **[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) **[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) * Substructuring of Sandia Test Results (Summer 2012) **[[Hub+blades to Hub+Tower]] (forthcoming) **Paper Describing This: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf] == Summary of Ampair Tests == * Dan Rohe's thesis contains an excellent discussion of the experiments performed at UW-Madison and the difficulties encountered. A second set of tests was performed at Sandia (will post that data when we are able) and far better results were obtained. His thesis is available below. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/19/RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf] [[Category:Contributor]] cd6a390e2b1c72f48d6e44ab28b47d757a8454e4 291 290 2013-07-15T21:13:07Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|right|50px|link=http://wisc.edu]] The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine.<br clear="all"> [[File:UW Full Turbine Points.JPG|left|100px]] [[File:UW Full Turbine Points.JPG|left|100px]] [[File:UW Full Turbine Points.JPG|left|100px]] [[File:UW Full Turbine Points.JPG|left|100px]] == Experiments Performed == *Tests Performed Fall 2011 **[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] **[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *Tests performed by Dan Rohe (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia) **[[Full Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[Hub + 3 Blades]] (forthcoming) **[[Tower + Hub]] (forthcoming) == Calculations Performed == * Substructuring of UW-Madison Test Results (~Fall 2011) **[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) **[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) * Substructuring of Sandia Test Results (Summer 2012) **[[Hub+blades to Hub+Tower]] (forthcoming) **Paper Describing This: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf] == Summary of Ampair Tests == * Dan Rohe's thesis contains an excellent discussion of the experiments performed at UW-Madison and the difficulties encountered. A second set of tests was performed at Sandia (will post that data when we are able) and far better results were obtained. His thesis is available below. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/19/RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf] [[Category:Contributor]] 45cef5c489ab593f9d5707d74f410075eebd4341 292 291 2013-07-15T21:13:27Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|right|50px|link=http://wisc.edu]] The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine.<br clear="all"> [[File:UW Full Turbine Points.JPG|100px]] [[File:UW Full Turbine Points.JPG|100px]] [[File:UW Full Turbine Points.JPG|100px]] [[File:UW Full Turbine Points.JPG|100px]] == Experiments Performed == *Tests Performed Fall 2011 **[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] **[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *Tests performed by Dan Rohe (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia) **[[Full Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[Hub + 3 Blades]] (forthcoming) **[[Tower + Hub]] (forthcoming) == Calculations Performed == * Substructuring of UW-Madison Test Results (~Fall 2011) **[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) **[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) * Substructuring of Sandia Test Results (Summer 2012) **[[Hub+blades to Hub+Tower]] (forthcoming) **Paper Describing This: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf] == Summary of Ampair Tests == * Dan Rohe's thesis contains an excellent discussion of the experiments performed at UW-Madison and the difficulties encountered. A second set of tests was performed at Sandia (will post that data when we are able) and far better results were obtained. His thesis is available below. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/19/RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf] [[Category:Contributor]] cd9b5842aa8ac013054d03584ef66ac21add49c0 293 292 2013-07-15T21:14:00Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|right|50px|link=http://wisc.edu]] The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine.<br clear="all"> [[File:UW_2Blade_Turbine.JPG|100px]] [[File:UW Full Turbine Points.JPG|100px]] [[File:UW Full Turbine Points.JPG|100px]] [[File:UW Full Turbine Points.JPG|100px]] == Experiments Performed == *Tests Performed Fall 2011 **[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] **[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *Tests performed by Dan Rohe (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia) **[[Full Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[Hub + 3 Blades]] (forthcoming) **[[Tower + Hub]] (forthcoming) == Calculations Performed == * Substructuring of UW-Madison Test Results (~Fall 2011) **[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) **[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) * Substructuring of Sandia Test Results (Summer 2012) **[[Hub+blades to Hub+Tower]] (forthcoming) **Paper Describing This: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf] == Summary of Ampair Tests == * Dan Rohe's thesis contains an excellent discussion of the experiments performed at UW-Madison and the difficulties encountered. A second set of tests was performed at Sandia (will post that data when we are able) and far better results were obtained. His thesis is available below. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/19/RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf] [[Category:Contributor]] 3e2340b8515a6ae6b84376c3670a22c948e37475 294 293 2013-07-15T21:15:07Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|right|50px|link=http://wisc.edu]] The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine.<br clear="all"> [[File:UW_2Blade_Turbine.JPG|100px]] [[File:UW Full Turbine Points.JPG|100px]] [[File:UW Blade Back.JPG|100px]] [[File:UW NoBlade Turbine Front.jpg|100px]] == Experiments Performed == *Tests Performed Fall 2011 **[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] **[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *Tests performed by Dan Rohe (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia) **[[Full Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[Hub + 3 Blades]] (forthcoming) **[[Tower + Hub]] (forthcoming) == Calculations Performed == * Substructuring of UW-Madison Test Results (~Fall 2011) **[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) **[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) * Substructuring of Sandia Test Results (Summer 2012) **[[Hub+blades to Hub+Tower]] (forthcoming) **Paper Describing This: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf] == Summary of Ampair Tests == * Dan Rohe's thesis contains an excellent discussion of the experiments performed at UW-Madison and the difficulties encountered. A second set of tests was performed at Sandia (will post that data when we are able) and far better results were obtained. His thesis is available below. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/19/RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf] [[Category:Contributor]] e3582c2871f87c78d84e92d80abd289195b92fbd 295 294 2013-07-15T21:15:23Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|right|50px|link=http://wisc.edu]] The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine.<br clear="all"> [[File:UW_2Blade_Turbine.JPG|100px]] [[File:UW Full Turbine Points.JPG|100px]] [[File:UW Blade Back.JPG|200px]] [[File:UW NoBlade Turbine Front.jpg|100px]] == Experiments Performed == *Tests Performed Fall 2011 **[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] **[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *Tests performed by Dan Rohe (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia) **[[Full Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[Hub + 3 Blades]] (forthcoming) **[[Tower + Hub]] (forthcoming) == Calculations Performed == * Substructuring of UW-Madison Test Results (~Fall 2011) **[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) **[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) * Substructuring of Sandia Test Results (Summer 2012) **[[Hub+blades to Hub+Tower]] (forthcoming) **Paper Describing This: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf] == Summary of Ampair Tests == * Dan Rohe's thesis contains an excellent discussion of the experiments performed at UW-Madison and the difficulties encountered. A second set of tests was performed at Sandia (will post that data when we are able) and far better results were obtained. His thesis is available below. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/19/RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf] [[Category:Contributor]] a69b3140cbfce20159bdbf749260a88753ebd285 296 295 2013-07-15T21:16:40Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|right|50px|link=http://wisc.edu]] The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine.<br clear="all"> [[File:UW_2Blade_Turbine.JPG|100px]] [[File:UW Full Turbine Points.JPG|100px]] [[File:UW Blade Back.JPG|200px]] [[File:UW NoBlade Turbine Front.jpg|100px]] == Experiments Performed == *Tests Performed Fall 2011 **[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] **[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *Tests performed by Dan Rohe (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia) **[[Full Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[Hub + 3 Blades]] (forthcoming) **[[Tower + Hub]] (forthcoming) == Calculations Performed == * Substructuring of UW-Madison Test Results (~Fall 2011) **[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) **[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) * Substructuring of Sandia Test Results (Summer 2012) **[[Hub+blades to Hub+Tower]] (forthcoming) **Paper Describing This: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf] == Summary of Ampair Tests == * Dan Rohe's thesis contains an excellent discussion of the experiments performed at UW-Madison and the difficulties encountered. A second set of tests was performed at Sandia (will post that data when we are able) and far better results were obtained. His thesis is available below. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/19/RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf] [[Category:Contributor]] 1f3eba49afc49e3beab5f2f35262cdf04339a4f4 297 296 2013-07-15T21:16:59Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|right|50px|link=http://wisc.edu]] The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine.<br clear="all"> [[File:UW_2Blade_Turbine.JPG|200px]] [[File:UW Full Turbine Points.JPG|200px]] [[File:UW Blade Back.JPG|300px]] [[File:UW NoBlade Turbine Front.jpg|200px]] == Experiments Performed == *Tests Performed Fall 2011 **[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] **[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *Tests performed by Dan Rohe (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia) **[[Full Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[Hub + 3 Blades]] (forthcoming) **[[Tower + Hub]] (forthcoming) == Calculations Performed == * Substructuring of UW-Madison Test Results (~Fall 2011) **[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) **[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) * Substructuring of Sandia Test Results (Summer 2012) **[[Hub+blades to Hub+Tower]] (forthcoming) **Paper Describing This: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf] == Summary of Ampair Tests == * Dan Rohe's thesis contains an excellent discussion of the experiments performed at UW-Madison and the difficulties encountered. A second set of tests was performed at Sandia (will post that data when we are able) and far better results were obtained. His thesis is available below. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/19/RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf] [[Category:Contributor]] 003d459d81fab8e7f75611ca05595aae182a5426 336 297 2013-09-26T16:27:19Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|right|50px|link=http://wisc.edu]] The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine.<br clear="all"> [[File:UW_2Blade_Turbine.JPG|200px]] [[File:UW Full Turbine Points.JPG|200px]] [[File:UW Blade Back.JPG|300px]] [[File:UW NoBlade Turbine Front.jpg|200px]] == Experiments Performed == *Tests Performed Fall 2011 **[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] **[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *Tests performed by Dan Rohe (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia) **[[Full Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[Hub + 3 Blades]] (forthcoming) **[[Tower + Hub]] (forthcoming) == Calculations Performed == * Substructuring of UW-Madison Test Results (~Fall 2011) **[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) **[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) * Substructuring of Sandia Test Results (Summer 2012) **[[Hub+blades to Hub+Tower]] (forthcoming) **Paper Describing This: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf] == Summary of Ampair Tests == * Dan Rohe's thesis contains an excellent discussion of the experiments performed at UW-Madison and the difficulties encountered. A second set of tests was performed at Sandia (will post that data when we are able) and far better results were obtained. His thesis is available below. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/19/RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Broken Links]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] 6fbe0ed936ee7f1afe463de8e3f3ead80b544f09 0 1 298 162 2013-07-15T21:26:13Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC dynamic substructuring focus group's web space.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! [[Usage Guidelines]] [[Guide for Uploading Files]] == Main Pages == Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. | [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] Here are models developed by contributors | [[:Category:Models|Models]] Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine | [[Test Bed Information]] == Getting started == * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] == Tutorials on Substructuring ++ See the tutorial page | [[Tutorials]] == About the Focus Group == The Dynamics Substructuring focus group is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [[http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanic]]s' International Modal Analysis Conference each year. The group is led (unofficially) by Randall L. Mayes ([[http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]]) and by Matt Allen ([[http://www.wisc.edu University of Wisconsin-Madison]]) and Daniel Rixen ([[http://www.amm.mw.tum.de/ Technische Universität München]]). This Wiki is maintained by Dr. Allen's research group. 2f34345741b2e51a9f8e211edb84104d95ed37c0 299 298 2013-07-15T21:26:51Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC dynamic substructuring focus group's web space.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! [[Usage Guidelines]] [[Guide for Uploading Files]] == Main Pages == Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. | [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] Here are models developed by contributors | [[:Category:Models|Models]] Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine | [[Test Bed Information]] == Getting started == * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] == Tutorials on Substructuring ++ See the tutorial page | [[Tutorials]] == About the Focus Group == The Dynamics Substructuring focus group is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' International Modal Analysis Conference each year. The group is led (unofficially) by Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) and by Matt Allen ([http://www.wisc.edu University of Wisconsin-Madison]) and Daniel Rixen ([http://www.amm.mw.tum.de/ Technische Universität München]). This Wiki is maintained by Dr. Allen's research group. 0dd6753c9c8603f84737cc7ddc5df2c8bdeb34e1 300 299 2013-07-15T21:27:34Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC dynamic substructuring focus group's web space.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! [[Usage Guidelines]] [[Guide for Uploading Files]] == Main Pages == Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. | [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] Here are models developed by contributors | [[:Category:Models|Models]] Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine | [[Test Bed Information]] == Getting started == * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] == Tutorials on Substructuring ++ See the tutorial page | [[Tutorials]] == About the Focus Group == The Dynamics Substructuring focus group is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' International Modal Analysis Conference each year. The group is led (unofficially) by Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) and by Matt Allen ([http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/ University of Wisconsin-Madison]) and Daniel Rixen ([http://www.amm.mw.tum.de/ Technische Universität München]). This Wiki is maintained by Dr. Allen's research group. 708d217ddffc96d1845b113c006c7a75fa449b7a 301 300 2013-07-15T21:27:51Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC dynamic substructuring focus group's web space.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! [[Usage Guidelines]] [[Guide for Uploading Files]] == Main Pages == Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. | [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] Here are models developed by contributors | [[:Category:Models|Models]] Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine | [[Test Bed Information]] == Getting started == * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] == Tutorials on Substructuring == See the tutorial page | [[Tutorials]] == About the Focus Group == The Dynamics Substructuring focus group is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' International Modal Analysis Conference each year. The group is led (unofficially) by Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) and by Matt Allen ([http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/ University of Wisconsin-Madison]) and Daniel Rixen ([http://www.amm.mw.tum.de/ Technische Universität München]). This Wiki is maintained by Dr. Allen's research group. bc6ab8949a4dd77850b316fd2a189bd260845ead 332 301 2013-09-26T16:22:55Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC dynamic substructuring focus group's web space.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[Test Bed Information]] | Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] == Tutorials on Substructuring == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link == About the Focus Group == The Dynamics Substructuring focus group is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' International Modal Analysis Conference each year. The group is led (unofficially) by Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) and by Matt Allen ([http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/ University of Wisconsin-Madison]) and Daniel Rixen ([http://www.amm.mw.tum.de/ Technische Universität München]). This Wiki is maintained by Dr. Allen's research group. 229d23fbb6db5ecdd42465139c1eeb50d9deb601 333 332 2013-09-26T16:23:04Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC dynamic substructuring focus group's web space.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[Test Bed Information]] | Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] == Tutorials on Substructuring == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link == About the Focus Group == The Dynamics Substructuring focus group is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' International Modal Analysis Conference each year. The group is led (unofficially) by Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) and by Matt Allen ([http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/ University of Wisconsin-Madison]) and Daniel Rixen ([http://www.amm.mw.tum.de/ Technische Universität München]). This Wiki is maintained by Dr. Allen's research group. 156ccbd6931b74b4f4b1ffb3ac2c46b85b7a9333 334 333 2013-09-26T16:24:30Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC dynamic substructuring focus group's web space.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Main Pages == Here is a list of the main sub-pages for the wiki. These pages can always be accessed from the left-hand navigation sidebar. [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[Test Bed Information]] | Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] == Tutorials on Substructuring == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link == About the Focus Group == The Dynamics Substructuring focus group is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' International Modal Analysis Conference each year. The group is led (unofficially) by Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) and by Matt Allen ([http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/ University of Wisconsin-Madison]) and Daniel Rixen ([http://www.amm.mw.tum.de/ Technische Universität München]). This Wiki is maintained by Dr. Allen's research group. bdc3dcee24b4c1af972778bcc04fefb2ea2a744a 335 334 2013-09-26T16:25:46Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC dynamic substructuring focus group's web space.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[Test Bed Information]] | Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] == Tutorials on Substructuring == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link == About the Focus Group == The Dynamics Substructuring focus group is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' International Modal Analysis Conference each year. The group is led (unofficially) by Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) and by Matt Allen ([http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/ University of Wisconsin-Madison]) and Daniel Rixen ([http://www.amm.mw.tum.de/ Technische Universität München]). This Wiki is maintained by Dr. Allen's research group. 156ccbd6931b74b4f4b1ffb3ac2c46b85b7a9333 0 115 302 2013-07-15T21:28:55Z MSAllen 1 Created page with "A link to the tutorial given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC in 2010 is given below: http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf Other tutorials are coming soon!" wikitext text/x-wiki A link to the tutorial given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC in 2010 is given below: http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf Other tutorials are coming soon! 0b9c6ceaaafca602e197c0303f9c006d7f8eefc3 305 302 2013-09-10T14:08:34Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki A link to the tutorial given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC in 2010 is given below: http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf Tutorials: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf] Other tutorials are coming soon! 1945aca4be2a5b10f282d15b2d86068bc48770c1 306 305 2013-09-10T14:09:38Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki A link to the tutorial given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC in 2010 is given below: http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf Ritz Method and Experimental Modal Analysis Presentation by M.S. Allen: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf] Other tutorials are coming soon! aa272f9eb0f6c5faad1c83582cac27f5cfbc8141 307 306 2013-09-10T14:09:55Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki A link to the tutorial given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC in 2010 is given below: [http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf] Ritz Method and Experimental Modal Analysis Presentation by M.S. Allen: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf] Other tutorials are coming soon! 1ea68ab62d40264539e87376435cf4a0b6f8979a 308 307 2013-09-10T14:10:17Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki A link to the tutorial given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC in 2010: [http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf] Ritz Method and Experimental Modal Analysis Presentation by M.S. Allen: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf] Other tutorials are coming soon! 1c3e57846e7325bc725e3a34303d7a302d24a269 309 308 2013-09-10T14:11:12Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki A link to the tutorial given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC in 2010: [http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf] [[Ritz Method and Experimental Modal Analysis]] Presentation by M.S. Allen: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf] Other tutorials are coming soon! 388cce7bb2f1b20ca6044272791d5dd1cddb9e8c 310 309 2013-09-10T14:11:43Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki A link to the tutorial given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC in 2010: [http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf] "Ritz Method and Experimental Modal Analysis" presentation by M.S. Allen: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf] Other tutorials are coming soon! 41c01dc5a7f6847cebb3924ae36c07058079538b 0 15 303 18 2013-07-15T21:44:43Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki Below is a video of Patrick Hunter exciting the turbine into its pitch mode: http://youtu.be/uIj_m17DR4I [[Category:Contributor]] 017cd105b3c3cef854afc688afd021cb65a2e67a 6 116 304 2013-09-10T14:07:21Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 2 117 311 2013-09-11T13:35:09Z Droettgen 44 Created page with "Dan Roettgen Graduate Student at the [[Wisconsin|University of Wisconsin]] Working under Professor Matt Allen" wikitext text/x-wiki Dan Roettgen Graduate Student at the [[Wisconsin|University of Wisconsin]] Working under Professor Matt Allen 7b35cb025be6bc48f1188828773e1f18947492d9 312 311 2013-09-13T17:33:19Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki Dan Roettgen Graduate Student at the [[Wisconsin|University of Wisconsin]] Working under Professor Matt Allen [[Bibliography]] d92e50ee80cfe1ae86cb1a703d306c5bad534d9c 314 312 2013-09-13T17:33:38Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki Dan Roettgen Graduate Student at the [[Wisconsin|University of Wisconsin]] Working under Professor Matt Allen 7b35cb025be6bc48f1188828773e1f18947492d9 327 314 2013-09-26T15:52:07Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki Dan Roettgen - droettgen(replace with at symbol)wisc.edu Ph.D. Student, Engineering Mechanics, [[Wisconsin|University of Wisconsin]] 2013 - Present M.S. Mechanical Engineering Ohio State University, April 2012 B.S. Mechanical Engineering University of Kentucky, June 2009 9a4eb007b78802d392a0365874c30c2484e37528 328 327 2013-09-26T15:52:30Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki Dan Roettgen - droettgen(replace with at symbol)wisc.edu Ph.D. Student, Engineering Mechanics, [[Wisconsin|University of Wisconsin]] 2013 - Present M.S. Mechanical Engineering, Ohio State University, April 2012 B.S. Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, June 2009 14a828e2aa86562dafd83c7685208ab20f2dcb24 329 328 2013-09-26T16:03:27Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki Dan Roettgen - droettgen(replace with at symbol)wisc.edu Ph.D. Student, Engineering Mechanics, [[Wisconsin|University of Wisconsin]], 2013 - Present M.S. Mechanical Engineering, Ohio State University, April 2012 B.S. Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, June 2009 5edd614b1a4976f01c656ceb20b96949751d753b 0 118 313 2013-09-13T17:33:28Z Droettgen 44 Created page with "Placeholder" wikitext text/x-wiki Placeholder ed212fa164b940b935ec0a25b32878a0917c7268 315 313 2013-09-13T18:12:01Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki == Journal Papers == M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.007|Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. == Conference Papers == f7cc7f5dd3a19519b22753ef40f06fa26a519fe8 316 315 2013-09-13T18:18:08Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki == Journal Papers == M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022460X10003792|Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. == Conference Papers == 59382424e07c507e691a637f0f2a57721fa743bd 317 316 2013-09-13T18:19:42Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki == Journal Papers == M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.007 Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. == Conference Papers == 9c26f90451e8742e2799cf341b85b8234092dcec 318 317 2013-09-13T18:38:18Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki == Journal Papers == M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.007 Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. == Conference Papers == b1564a668a51c3bf68df9f2aa4f7fc93c968f865 319 318 2013-09-13T18:42:15Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki == By Type == === Journal Papers === M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.007 Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. :: '''Keywords:''' Experimental === Conference Papers === ==By Keyword== === Experimental === M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.007 Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. edf1f3002e8c1fc58a0518649c9eba477ecb18c7 320 319 2013-09-13T18:46:07Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki == By Type == === Journal Papers === M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.007 Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. :: '''Keywords:''' [[#Experimental|Experimental]] === Conference Papers === ==By Keyword== === Experimental === M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.007 Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. 6057b127950497ad7b0a39063da7e7fdd9853973 321 320 2013-09-18T17:56:06Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki == By Type == === Journal Papers === M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.007 Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. :: '''Keywords:''' [[#ModalS|Modal Substructuring]], [[#Experimental|Experimental]] === Conference Papers === M. S. Allen, D. C. Kammer, and R. L. Mayes, "[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Kammer-Mayes--CMSUncouplingMetrics-IMAC2011final.pdf Metrics for Diagnosing Negative Mass and Stiffness when Uncoupling Experimental and Analytical Substructures]," in 29th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXIX) Jacksonville, Florida, 2011. M. S. Allen, H. M. Gindlin & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Gindlin-Mayes--FixedBaseCMS-IMAC2010.pdf Experimental Modal Substructuring to Extract Fixed-Base Modes from a Substructure Attached to a Flexible Fixture],” 28th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVIII), Jacksonville, Florida, Feb. 1-4, 2010. R. L. Mayes, P. S. Hunter, T. W. Simmermacher & M. S. Allen, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Mayes-etal-CombiningSubstructuresMultipleConnections_IMAC2008.pdf Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures with Multiple Connections],” 26th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVI), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2008. M. S. Allen & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Mayes-ExpCMS-IMAC2007.pdf Comparison of FRF and Modal Methods for Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures],” 25th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXV), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2006. ==By Keyword== === Modal Substructuring === M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.007 Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. M. S. Allen, H. M. Gindlin & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Gindlin-Mayes--FixedBaseCMS-IMAC2010.pdf Experimental Modal Substructuring to Extract Fixed-Base Modes from a Substructure Attached to a Flexible Fixture],” 28th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVIII), Jacksonville, Florida, Feb. 1-4, 2010. M. S. Allen & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Mayes-ExpCMS-IMAC2007.pdf Comparison of FRF and Modal Methods for Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures],” 25th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXV), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2006. === Experimental === M. S. Allen, D. C. Kammer, and R. L. Mayes, "[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Kammer-Mayes--CMSUncouplingMetrics-IMAC2011final.pdf Metrics for Diagnosing Negative Mass and Stiffness when Uncoupling Experimental and Analytical Substructures]," in 29th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXIX) Jacksonville, Florida, 2011. M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.007 Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. M. S. Allen, H. M. Gindlin & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Gindlin-Mayes--FixedBaseCMS-IMAC2010.pdf Experimental Modal Substructuring to Extract Fixed-Base Modes from a Substructure Attached to a Flexible Fixture],” 28th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVIII), Jacksonville, Florida, Feb. 1-4, 2010. R. L. Mayes, P. S. Hunter, T. W. Simmermacher & M. S. Allen, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Mayes-etal-CombiningSubstructuresMultipleConnections_IMAC2008.pdf Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures with Multiple Connections],” 26th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVI), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2008. M. S. Allen & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Mayes-ExpCMS-IMAC2007.pdf Comparison of FRF and Modal Methods for Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures],” 25th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXV), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2006. eef1d8d63648beb404e276e30c07ea4fd64bc553 322 321 2013-09-18T17:56:38Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki == By Type == === Journal Papers === M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.007 Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. :: '''Keywords:''' [[#Modal Substructuring|Modal Substructuring]], [[#Experimental|Experimental]] === Conference Papers === M. S. Allen, D. C. Kammer, and R. L. Mayes, "[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Kammer-Mayes--CMSUncouplingMetrics-IMAC2011final.pdf Metrics for Diagnosing Negative Mass and Stiffness when Uncoupling Experimental and Analytical Substructures]," in 29th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXIX) Jacksonville, Florida, 2011. M. S. Allen, H. M. Gindlin & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Gindlin-Mayes--FixedBaseCMS-IMAC2010.pdf Experimental Modal Substructuring to Extract Fixed-Base Modes from a Substructure Attached to a Flexible Fixture],” 28th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVIII), Jacksonville, Florida, Feb. 1-4, 2010. R. L. Mayes, P. S. Hunter, T. W. Simmermacher & M. S. Allen, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Mayes-etal-CombiningSubstructuresMultipleConnections_IMAC2008.pdf Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures with Multiple Connections],” 26th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVI), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2008. M. S. Allen & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Mayes-ExpCMS-IMAC2007.pdf Comparison of FRF and Modal Methods for Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures],” 25th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXV), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2006. ==By Keyword== === Modal Substructuring === M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.007 Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. M. S. Allen, H. M. Gindlin & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Gindlin-Mayes--FixedBaseCMS-IMAC2010.pdf Experimental Modal Substructuring to Extract Fixed-Base Modes from a Substructure Attached to a Flexible Fixture],” 28th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVIII), Jacksonville, Florida, Feb. 1-4, 2010. M. S. Allen & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Mayes-ExpCMS-IMAC2007.pdf Comparison of FRF and Modal Methods for Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures],” 25th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXV), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2006. === Experimental === M. S. Allen, D. C. Kammer, and R. L. Mayes, "[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Kammer-Mayes--CMSUncouplingMetrics-IMAC2011final.pdf Metrics for Diagnosing Negative Mass and Stiffness when Uncoupling Experimental and Analytical Substructures]," in 29th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXIX) Jacksonville, Florida, 2011. M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.007 Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. M. S. Allen, H. M. Gindlin & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Gindlin-Mayes--FixedBaseCMS-IMAC2010.pdf Experimental Modal Substructuring to Extract Fixed-Base Modes from a Substructure Attached to a Flexible Fixture],” 28th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVIII), Jacksonville, Florida, Feb. 1-4, 2010. R. L. Mayes, P. S. Hunter, T. W. Simmermacher & M. S. Allen, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Mayes-etal-CombiningSubstructuresMultipleConnections_IMAC2008.pdf Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures with Multiple Connections],” 26th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVI), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2008. M. S. Allen & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Mayes-ExpCMS-IMAC2007.pdf Comparison of FRF and Modal Methods for Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures],” 25th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXV), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2006. 4887ed613dbeb7d941a3221c145bdd945f5ca0be 323 322 2013-09-18T18:03:44Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki == By Type == === Journal Papers === M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.007 Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. :: '''Keywords:''' [[#Modal Substructuring|Modal Substructuring]], [[#Experimental|Experimental]] D. J. Rixen, "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2003.12.014 A dual Craig–Bampton method for dynamic substructuring]," Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, vol. 168, pp. 383–391 July 2004. === Conference Papers === M. S. Allen, D. C. Kammer, and R. L. Mayes, "[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Kammer-Mayes--CMSUncouplingMetrics-IMAC2011final.pdf Metrics for Diagnosing Negative Mass and Stiffness when Uncoupling Experimental and Analytical Substructures]," in 29th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXIX) Jacksonville, Florida, 2011. M. S. Allen, H. M. Gindlin & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Gindlin-Mayes--FixedBaseCMS-IMAC2010.pdf Experimental Modal Substructuring to Extract Fixed-Base Modes from a Substructure Attached to a Flexible Fixture],” 28th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVIII), Jacksonville, Florida, Feb. 1-4, 2010. R. L. Mayes, P. S. Hunter, T. W. Simmermacher & M. S. Allen, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Mayes-etal-CombiningSubstructuresMultipleConnections_IMAC2008.pdf Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures with Multiple Connections],” 26th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVI), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2008. M. S. Allen & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Mayes-ExpCMS-IMAC2007.pdf Comparison of FRF and Modal Methods for Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures],” 25th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXV), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2006. ==By Keyword== === Modal Substructuring === M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.007 Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. M. S. Allen, H. M. Gindlin & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Gindlin-Mayes--FixedBaseCMS-IMAC2010.pdf Experimental Modal Substructuring to Extract Fixed-Base Modes from a Substructure Attached to a Flexible Fixture],” 28th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVIII), Jacksonville, Florida, Feb. 1-4, 2010. M. S. Allen & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Mayes-ExpCMS-IMAC2007.pdf Comparison of FRF and Modal Methods for Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures],” 25th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXV), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2006. === Experimental === M. S. Allen, D. C. Kammer, and R. L. Mayes, "[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Kammer-Mayes--CMSUncouplingMetrics-IMAC2011final.pdf Metrics for Diagnosing Negative Mass and Stiffness when Uncoupling Experimental and Analytical Substructures]," in 29th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXIX) Jacksonville, Florida, 2011. M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.007 Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. M. S. Allen, H. M. Gindlin & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Gindlin-Mayes--FixedBaseCMS-IMAC2010.pdf Experimental Modal Substructuring to Extract Fixed-Base Modes from a Substructure Attached to a Flexible Fixture],” 28th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVIII), Jacksonville, Florida, Feb. 1-4, 2010. R. L. Mayes, P. S. Hunter, T. W. Simmermacher & M. S. Allen, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Mayes-etal-CombiningSubstructuresMultipleConnections_IMAC2008.pdf Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures with Multiple Connections],” 26th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVI), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2008. M. S. Allen & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Mayes-ExpCMS-IMAC2007.pdf Comparison of FRF and Modal Methods for Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures],” 25th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXV), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2006. === Analytical === D. J. Rixen, "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2003.12.014 A dual Craig–Bampton method for dynamic substructuring]," Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, vol. 168, pp. 383–391 July 2004. da2daf14b60ed42c5e2a6f9a613e1a74c3f26e88 324 323 2013-09-18T18:22:25Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki == By Type == M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.007 Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. :: '''Keywords:''' [[#Modal Substructuring|Modal Substructuring]], [[#Experimental|Experimental]] D. J. Rixen, "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2003.12.014 A dual Craig–Bampton method for dynamic substructuring]," Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, vol. 168, pp. 383–391 July 2004. M. S. Allen, D. C. Kammer, and R. L. Mayes, "[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Kammer-Mayes--CMSUncouplingMetrics-IMAC2011final.pdf Metrics for Diagnosing Negative Mass and Stiffness when Uncoupling Experimental and Analytical Substructures]," in 29th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXIX) Jacksonville, Florida, 2011. M. S. Allen, H. M. Gindlin & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Gindlin-Mayes--FixedBaseCMS-IMAC2010.pdf Experimental Modal Substructuring to Extract Fixed-Base Modes from a Substructure Attached to a Flexible Fixture],” 28th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVIII), Jacksonville, Florida, Feb. 1-4, 2010. D. De Klerk, D. J. Rixen, and S. N. Voormeeren. "General Framework for Dynamic Substructuring: History, Review and Classification of Techniques", AIAA Journal, Vol. 46, No. 5 (2008), pp. 1169-1181. R. L. Mayes, P. S. Hunter, T. W. Simmermacher & M. S. Allen, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Mayes-etal-CombiningSubstructuresMultipleConnections_IMAC2008.pdf Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures with Multiple Connections],” 26th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVI), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2008. M. S. Allen & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Mayes-ExpCMS-IMAC2007.pdf Comparison of FRF and Modal Methods for Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures],” 25th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXV), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2006. ==By Keyword== === Modal Substructuring === M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.007 Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. M. S. Allen, H. M. Gindlin & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Gindlin-Mayes--FixedBaseCMS-IMAC2010.pdf Experimental Modal Substructuring to Extract Fixed-Base Modes from a Substructure Attached to a Flexible Fixture],” 28th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVIII), Jacksonville, Florida, Feb. 1-4, 2010. M. S. Allen & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Mayes-ExpCMS-IMAC2007.pdf Comparison of FRF and Modal Methods for Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures],” 25th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXV), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2006. === Experimental === M. S. Allen, D. C. Kammer, and R. L. Mayes, "[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Kammer-Mayes--CMSUncouplingMetrics-IMAC2011final.pdf Metrics for Diagnosing Negative Mass and Stiffness when Uncoupling Experimental and Analytical Substructures]," in 29th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXIX) Jacksonville, Florida, 2011. M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.007 Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. M. S. Allen, H. M. Gindlin & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Gindlin-Mayes--FixedBaseCMS-IMAC2010.pdf Experimental Modal Substructuring to Extract Fixed-Base Modes from a Substructure Attached to a Flexible Fixture],” 28th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVIII), Jacksonville, Florida, Feb. 1-4, 2010. R. L. Mayes, P. S. Hunter, T. W. Simmermacher & M. S. Allen, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Mayes-etal-CombiningSubstructuresMultipleConnections_IMAC2008.pdf Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures with Multiple Connections],” 26th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVI), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2008. M. S. Allen & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Mayes-ExpCMS-IMAC2007.pdf Comparison of FRF and Modal Methods for Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures],” 25th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXV), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2006. === Analytical === D. J. Rixen, "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2003.12.014 A dual Craig–Bampton method for dynamic substructuring]," Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, vol. 168, pp. 383–391 July 2004. ea863cf3b88fe00a8df28c5c65625e7515ca48e3 325 324 2013-09-18T18:25:24Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki == By Type == M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.007 Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. :: '''Keywords:''' [[#Modal Substructuring|Modal Substructuring]], [[#Experimental|Experimental]] D. J. Rixen, "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2003.12.014 A dual Craig–Bampton method for dynamic substructuring]," Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, vol. 168, pp. 383–391 July 2004. M. S. Allen, D. C. Kammer, and R. L. Mayes, "[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Kammer-Mayes--CMSUncouplingMetrics-IMAC2011final.pdf Metrics for Diagnosing Negative Mass and Stiffness when Uncoupling Experimental and Analytical Substructures]," in 29th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXIX) Jacksonville, Florida, 2011. M. S. Allen, H. M. Gindlin & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Gindlin-Mayes--FixedBaseCMS-IMAC2010.pdf Experimental Modal Substructuring to Extract Fixed-Base Modes from a Substructure Attached to a Flexible Fixture],” 28th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVIII), Jacksonville, Florida, Feb. 1-4, 2010. D. De Klerk, D. J. Rixen, and S. N. Voormeeren. "[http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.33274 General Framework for Dynamic Substructuring: History, Review and Classification of Techniques]", AIAA Journal, Vol. 46, No. 5 (2008), pp. 1169-1181. R. L. Mayes, P. S. Hunter, T. W. Simmermacher & M. S. Allen, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Mayes-etal-CombiningSubstructuresMultipleConnections_IMAC2008.pdf Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures with Multiple Connections],” 26th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVI), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2008. M. S. Allen & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Mayes-ExpCMS-IMAC2007.pdf Comparison of FRF and Modal Methods for Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures],” 25th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXV), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2006. ==By Keyword== === Modal Substructuring === M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.007 Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. M. S. Allen, H. M. Gindlin & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Gindlin-Mayes--FixedBaseCMS-IMAC2010.pdf Experimental Modal Substructuring to Extract Fixed-Base Modes from a Substructure Attached to a Flexible Fixture],” 28th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVIII), Jacksonville, Florida, Feb. 1-4, 2010. M. S. Allen & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Mayes-ExpCMS-IMAC2007.pdf Comparison of FRF and Modal Methods for Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures],” 25th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXV), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2006. === Experimental === M. S. Allen, D. C. Kammer, and R. L. Mayes, "[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Kammer-Mayes--CMSUncouplingMetrics-IMAC2011final.pdf Metrics for Diagnosing Negative Mass and Stiffness when Uncoupling Experimental and Analytical Substructures]," in 29th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXIX) Jacksonville, Florida, 2011. M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.007 Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. M. S. Allen, H. M. Gindlin & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Gindlin-Mayes--FixedBaseCMS-IMAC2010.pdf Experimental Modal Substructuring to Extract Fixed-Base Modes from a Substructure Attached to a Flexible Fixture],” 28th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVIII), Jacksonville, Florida, Feb. 1-4, 2010. R. L. Mayes, P. S. Hunter, T. W. Simmermacher & M. S. Allen, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Mayes-etal-CombiningSubstructuresMultipleConnections_IMAC2008.pdf Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures with Multiple Connections],” 26th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVI), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2008. M. S. Allen & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Mayes-ExpCMS-IMAC2007.pdf Comparison of FRF and Modal Methods for Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures],” 25th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXV), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2006. === Analytical === D. J. Rixen, "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2003.12.014 A dual Craig–Bampton method for dynamic substructuring]," Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, vol. 168, pp. 383–391 July 2004. ac516cd740dcf14d6dd92d44a8e19947d3782abf 326 325 2013-09-18T18:35:57Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki == By Type == M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.007 Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. :: '''Keywords:''' [[#Modal Substructuring|Modal Substructuring]], [[#Experimental|Experimental]] D. J. Rixen, "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2003.12.014 A dual Craig–Bampton method for dynamic substructuring]," Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, vol. 168, pp. 383–391 July 2004. M. S. Allen, D. C. Kammer, and R. L. Mayes, "[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Kammer-Mayes--CMSUncouplingMetrics-IMAC2011final.pdf Metrics for Diagnosing Negative Mass and Stiffness when Uncoupling Experimental and Analytical Substructures]," in 29th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXIX) Jacksonville, Florida, 2011. M. S. Allen, H. M. Gindlin & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Gindlin-Mayes--FixedBaseCMS-IMAC2010.pdf Experimental Modal Substructuring to Extract Fixed-Base Modes from a Substructure Attached to a Flexible Fixture],” 28th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVIII), Jacksonville, Florida, Feb. 1-4, 2010. D. De Klerk, D. J. Rixen, and S. N. Voormeeren. "[http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.33274 General Framework for Dynamic Substructuring: History, Review and Classification of Techniques]", AIAA Journal, Vol. 46, No. 5 (2008), pp. 1169-1181. R. L. Mayes, P. S. Hunter, T. W. Simmermacher & M. S. Allen, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Mayes-etal-CombiningSubstructuresMultipleConnections_IMAC2008.pdf Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures with Multiple Connections],” 26th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVI), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2008. M. S. Allen & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Mayes-ExpCMS-IMAC2007.pdf Comparison of FRF and Modal Methods for Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures],” 25th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXV), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2006. ==By Keyword== === Frequency === === Modal === M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.007 Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. M. S. Allen, H. M. Gindlin & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Gindlin-Mayes--FixedBaseCMS-IMAC2010.pdf Experimental Modal Substructuring to Extract Fixed-Base Modes from a Substructure Attached to a Flexible Fixture],” 28th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVIII), Jacksonville, Florida, Feb. 1-4, 2010. M. S. Allen & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Mayes-ExpCMS-IMAC2007.pdf Comparison of FRF and Modal Methods for Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures],” 25th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXV), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2006. === Experimental === M. S. Allen, D. C. Kammer, and R. L. Mayes, "[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Kammer-Mayes--CMSUncouplingMetrics-IMAC2011final.pdf Metrics for Diagnosing Negative Mass and Stiffness when Uncoupling Experimental and Analytical Substructures]," in 29th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXIX) Jacksonville, Florida, 2011. M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.007 Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. M. S. Allen, H. M. Gindlin & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Gindlin-Mayes--FixedBaseCMS-IMAC2010.pdf Experimental Modal Substructuring to Extract Fixed-Base Modes from a Substructure Attached to a Flexible Fixture],” 28th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVIII), Jacksonville, Florida, Feb. 1-4, 2010. R. L. Mayes, P. S. Hunter, T. W. Simmermacher & M. S. Allen, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Mayes-etal-CombiningSubstructuresMultipleConnections_IMAC2008.pdf Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures with Multiple Connections],” 26th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVI), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2008. M. S. Allen & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Mayes-ExpCMS-IMAC2007.pdf Comparison of FRF and Modal Methods for Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures],” 25th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXV), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2006. === Analytical === D. J. Rixen, "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2003.12.014 A dual Craig–Bampton method for dynamic substructuring]," Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, vol. 168, pp. 383–391 July 2004. 88e5ca40d3c6cc2081444131435007ee2a814731 0 119 330 2013-09-26T16:16:40Z Droettgen 44 Created page with "* navigation ** mw-mainpage-url|mainpage-description ** mw-download-url|mw-download ** mw-extensions-url|mw-extensions ** Special:MyLanguage/Communication|mw-communication ** ..." wikitext text/x-wiki * navigation ** mw-mainpage-url|mainpage-description ** mw-download-url|mw-download ** mw-extensions-url|mw-extensions ** Special:MyLanguage/Communication|mw-communication ** blog-url|blog-text * SEARCH * support ** mw-help-url|help ** mw-faq-url|mw-faq ** mw-manual-url|mw-manual ** Project:Support desk|mw-supportdesk * development ** mw-bugtracker-url|mw-bugtracker ** mw-repo-browse-url|mw-repo-browse ** mw-repo-codereview-url|mw-repo-codereview ** phpdoc-url|phpdoc ** statistics-url|svn statistics * MediaWiki.org ** mw-cat-browser-url|cat-browser ** mw-portal-url|portal ** recentchanges-url|recentchanges 92ddd513144a464946a62ae44584db573e6aa51e 331 330 2013-09-26T16:17:59Z Droettgen 44 Blanked the page wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 14 7 337 167 2013-09-26T16:27:49Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki These groups are currently involved. To add your group to the list of contributors, type <nowiki>[[Category:Contributor]]</nowiki> somewhere in your page's body of text. 4a4564e171741a26161490e0277d5ab1d1f3918f 14 120 338 2013-09-26T16:28:34Z Droettgen 44 Created page with "These are the pages tagged under the Wisconsin category. To add your page type <nowiki>[[Category:Wisconsin]]</nowiki> somewhere in your page's body of text." wikitext text/x-wiki These are the pages tagged under the Wisconsin category. To add your page type <nowiki>[[Category:Wisconsin]]</nowiki> somewhere in your page's body of text. 6f7d8d14a09e1e385ec6e40f40aad478880fb61a 14 121 339 2013-09-26T16:29:33Z Droettgen 44 Created page with "This is a listing of the pages with broken links. If you see a page with a broken link edit it and type <nowiki>[[Category:Contributor]]</nowiki> somewhere in the page body o..." wikitext text/x-wiki This is a listing of the pages with broken links. If you see a page with a broken link edit it and type <nowiki>[[Category:Contributor]]</nowiki> somewhere in the page body of text. This will flag it so we can get the link repaired. 7fe7a525e40c7f06c61a370631edabbbe9a26bae 14 121 340 339 2013-09-26T16:29:47Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki This is a listing of the pages with broken links. If you see a page with a broken link edit it and type <nowiki>[[Category:Broken Links]]</nowiki> somewhere in the page body of text. This will flag it so we can get the link repaired. 22a39a9e3a2bddbd60f4175d4654d684c39f0034 0 122 341 2013-09-26T16:47:01Z Droettgen 44 Created page with "This page provides links to several wiki-language basics for help in editing your pages. Feel free to add more links to the references table! == References == {| class="..." wikitext text/x-wiki This page provides links to several wiki-language basics for help in editing your pages. Feel free to add more links to the references table! == References == {| class="wikitable" !colspan="2"|'''Wiki-basics''' |- |align="center"|''Topic'' |align="center"|''Description'' |- |[http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Formatting Formatting] |Font manipulation and spacing |- |[http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Links Linking] |Creating links within pages |- |[http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Tables Tables] |Creating tables (like this one) |- |[http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Category Categories] |Instructions on using Categories) |} == Some Basics == Bold - <nowiki>'''text'''</nowiki> will make '''text''' bold Italics - <nowiki>''text''</nowiki> will write ''text'' in italics External Links - <nowiki>[http://www.wisc.edu Wisconsin]</nowiki> will create an external link (example: [http://www.wisc.edu Wisconsin]) Internal Links - <nowiki>[[Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]</nowiki> will create an internal wiki-link (example: [[Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]) c26ccd8a79bcb00f6b2bb84d3457d9e74d99af50 342 341 2013-09-26T16:47:08Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki This page provides links to several wiki-language basics for help in editing your pages. Feel free to add more links to the references table! == References == {| class="wikitable" !colspan="2"|'''Wiki-basics''' |- |align="center"|''Topic'' |align="center"|''Description'' |- |[http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Formatting Formatting] |Font manipulation and spacing |- |[http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Links Linking] |Creating links within pages |- |[http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Tables Tables] |Creating tables (like this one) |- |[http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Category Categories] |Instructions on using Categories) |} == Some Basics == Bold - <nowiki>'''text'''</nowiki> will make '''text''' bold Italics - <nowiki>''text''</nowiki> will write ''text'' in italics External Links - <nowiki>[http://www.wisc.edu Wisconsin]</nowiki> will create an external link (example: [http://www.wisc.edu Wisconsin]) Internal Links - <nowiki>[[Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]</nowiki> will create an internal wiki-link (example: [[Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]) 37232f2d7d7f807a04d1721d186d47777c85fd4a 0 1 343 335 2013-09-26T16:48:54Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC dynamic substructuring focus group's web space.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[Test Bed Information]] | Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] == Tutorials on Substructuring == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link == About the Focus Group == The Dynamics Substructuring focus group is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' International Modal Analysis Conference each year. The group is led (unofficially) by Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) and by Matt Allen ([http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/ University of Wisconsin-Madison]) and Daniel Rixen ([http://www.amm.mw.tum.de/ Technische Universität München]). This Wiki is maintained by Dr. Allen's research group. 50a308e7c2b1a6904b782fda1a49c617167902b2 356 343 2013-09-26T17:38:07Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC dynamic substructuring focus group's web space.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[Test Bed Information]] | Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine [[Bibliography]] | Here is a list of links to papers and journals about dynamic substructuring. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] == Tutorials on Substructuring == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link == About the Focus Group == The Dynamics Substructuring focus group is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' International Modal Analysis Conference each year. The group is led (unofficially) by Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) and by Matt Allen ([http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/ University of Wisconsin-Madison]) and Daniel Rixen ([http://www.amm.mw.tum.de/ Technische Universität München]). This Wiki is maintained by Dr. Allen's research group. 56e7e123ffac850555baa9d9c59036d370b2291e 364 356 2013-10-09T14:07:01Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC dynamic substructuring focus group's web space.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[Test Bed Information]] | Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine [[Bibliography]] | Here is a list of links to papers and journals about dynamic substructuring. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * To request a new account or retrieve your password, contact the wiki administrator at substructurewiki@cae.wisc.edu. == Tutorials on Substructuring == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link == About the Focus Group == The Dynamics Substructuring focus group is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' International Modal Analysis Conference each year. The group is led (unofficially) by Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) and by Matt Allen ([http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/ University of Wisconsin-Madison]) and Daniel Rixen ([http://www.amm.mw.tum.de/ Technische Universität München]). This Wiki is maintained by Dr. Allen's research group. aa6adf70f119edc56d50c9ba14818e03b668cc42 365 364 2013-10-09T14:07:37Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC dynamic substructuring focus group's web space.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[Test Bed Information]] | Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine [[Bibliography]] | Here is a list of links to papers and journals about dynamic substructuring. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * To request a new account or retrieve your password, contact the wiki administrator at [mailto:substructurewiki@cae.wisc.edu substructurewiki@cae.wisc.edu]. == Tutorials on Substructuring == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link == About the Focus Group == The Dynamics Substructuring focus group is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' International Modal Analysis Conference each year. The group is led (unofficially) by Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) and by Matt Allen ([http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/ University of Wisconsin-Madison]) and Daniel Rixen ([http://www.amm.mw.tum.de/ Technische Universität München]). This Wiki is maintained by Dr. Allen's research group. eeaf431aeeaca443683fb65d7e19411912ef7f57 375 365 2013-10-20T01:58:46Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC dynamic substructuring focus group's web space.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[Test Bed Information]] | Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine [[Bibliography]] | Here is a list of links to papers and journals about dynamic substructuring. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * To request a new account or retrieve your password, contact the wiki administrator at [mailto:substructurewiki@cae.wisc.edu substructurewiki@cae.wisc.edu]. == New Content == A compiled list of substructuring papers presented at IMAC conferences has been uploaded to the wiki: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/0/0f/SubstructuringAtIMAC_1993_to_2013.docx] == Tutorials on Substructuring == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link == About the Focus Group == The Dynamics Substructuring focus group is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' International Modal Analysis Conference each year. The group is led (unofficially) by Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) and by Matt Allen ([http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/ University of Wisconsin-Madison]) and Daniel Rixen ([http://www.amm.mw.tum.de/ Technische Universität München]). This Wiki is maintained by Dr. Allen's research group. a14887d8fc9a2578651b9ccbcc11f8d5908785ee 376 375 2013-12-23T21:30:40Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC dynamic substructuring focus group's web space.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[Test Bed Information]] | Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[:Category:Knowledge|Knowledge Base]] | This is a place to collect information that may be helpful to others in the substructuring community. == Knowledge Base (Including Tutorials on Substructuring) == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link [[IMAC_Substructuring_Papers|Substructuring Paper in IMAC]] | List of all of the papers from IMAC proceedings in substructuring related sessions [[Bibliography]] | Here is a list of links to conference and journal papers about dynamic substructuring, with space for notes from the authors. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * To request a new account or retrieve your password, contact the wiki administrator at [mailto:substructurewiki@cae.wisc.edu substructurewiki@cae.wisc.edu]. == New Content == A compiled list of substructuring papers presented at IMAC conferences has been uploaded to the wiki: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/0/0f/SubstructuringAtIMAC_1993_to_2013.docx] == About the Focus Group == The Dynamics Substructuring focus group is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' International Modal Analysis Conference each year. The group is led (unofficially) by Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) and by Matt Allen ([http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/ University of Wisconsin-Madison]) and Daniel Rixen ([http://www.amm.mw.tum.de/ Technische Universität München]). This Wiki is maintained by Dr. Allen's research group. 749a73d620d671e34fc649cdbeaff60c8b2177e2 377 376 2013-12-23T21:31:02Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC dynamic substructuring focus group's web space.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[Test Bed Information]] | Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[:Category:Knowledge|Knowledge Base]] | This is a place to collect information that may be helpful to others in the substructuring community. == Knowledge Base (Including Tutorials on Substructuring) == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link [[IMAC_Substr_Papers|Substructuring Papers in IMAC]] | List of all of the papers from IMAC proceedings in substructuring related sessions [[Bibliography]] | Here is a list of links to conference and journal papers about dynamic substructuring, with space for notes from the authors. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * To request a new account or retrieve your password, contact the wiki administrator at [mailto:substructurewiki@cae.wisc.edu substructurewiki@cae.wisc.edu]. == New Content == A compiled list of substructuring papers presented at IMAC conferences has been uploaded to the wiki: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/0/0f/SubstructuringAtIMAC_1993_to_2013.docx] == About the Focus Group == The Dynamics Substructuring focus group is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' International Modal Analysis Conference each year. The group is led (unofficially) by Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) and by Matt Allen ([http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/ University of Wisconsin-Madison]) and Daniel Rixen ([http://www.amm.mw.tum.de/ Technische Universität München]). This Wiki is maintained by Dr. Allen's research group. d1c3ce2b681bb5ee683a12a132f0b781630ad6ee 388 377 2013-12-23T21:41:49Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC dynamic substructuring focus group's web space.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[Test Bed Information]] | Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[:Category:Knowledge|Knowledge Base]] | This is a place to collect information that may be helpful to others in the substructuring community. == Knowledge Base (Including Tutorials on Substructuring) == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link [[IMAC_Substr_Papers|Substructuring Papers in IMAC]] | List of all of the papers from IMAC proceedings in substructuring related sessions [[Bibliography]] | Here is a list of links to conference and journal papers about dynamic substructuring, with space for notes from the authors. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * To request a new account or retrieve your password, contact the wiki administrator at [mailto:substructurewiki@cae.wisc.edu substructurewiki@cae.wisc.edu]. == About the Focus Group == The Dynamics Substructuring focus group is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' International Modal Analysis Conference each year. The group is led (unofficially) by Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) and by Matt Allen ([http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/ University of Wisconsin-Madison]) and Daniel Rixen ([http://www.amm.mw.tum.de/ Technische Universität München]). This Wiki is maintained by Dr. Allen's research group. f4e62bf4ce504af0d2b465725fdc05b889dd3610 389 388 2013-12-23T21:42:46Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC dynamic substructuring focus group's web space.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[Test Bed Information]] | Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[:Category:Info|Knowledge Base]] | This is a place to collect information that may be helpful to others in the substructuring community. == Knowledge Base (Including Tutorials on Substructuring) == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link [[IMAC_Substr_Papers|Substructuring Papers in IMAC]] | List of all of the papers from IMAC proceedings in substructuring related sessions [[Bibliography]] | Here is a list of links to conference and journal papers about dynamic substructuring, with space for notes from the authors. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * To request a new account or retrieve your password, contact the wiki administrator at [mailto:substructurewiki@cae.wisc.edu substructurewiki@cae.wisc.edu]. == About the Focus Group == The Dynamics Substructuring focus group is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' International Modal Analysis Conference each year. The group is led (unofficially) by Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) and by Matt Allen ([http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/ University of Wisconsin-Madison]) and Daniel Rixen ([http://www.amm.mw.tum.de/ Technische Universität München]). This Wiki is maintained by Dr. Allen's research group. cd8734f0cc445a3f19c6c5e2e12f0221f1dcb2f1 390 389 2013-12-23T21:42:59Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC dynamic substructuring focus group's web space.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[Test Bed Information]] | Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[:Category:Knowledge|Knowledge Base]] | This is a place to collect information that may be helpful to others in the substructuring community. == Knowledge Base (Including Tutorials on Substructuring) == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link [[IMAC_Substr_Papers|Substructuring Papers in IMAC]] | List of all of the papers from IMAC proceedings in substructuring related sessions [[Bibliography]] | Here is a list of links to conference and journal papers about dynamic substructuring, with space for notes from the authors. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * To request a new account or retrieve your password, contact the wiki administrator at [mailto:substructurewiki@cae.wisc.edu substructurewiki@cae.wisc.edu]. == About the Focus Group == The Dynamics Substructuring focus group is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' International Modal Analysis Conference each year. The group is led (unofficially) by Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) and by Matt Allen ([http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/ University of Wisconsin-Madison]) and Daniel Rixen ([http://www.amm.mw.tum.de/ Technische Universität München]). This Wiki is maintained by Dr. Allen's research group. f4e62bf4ce504af0d2b465725fdc05b889dd3610 0 17 344 336 2013-09-26T17:20:47Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|right|50px|link=http://wisc.edu]] The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine.<br clear="all"> [[File:UW_2Blade_Turbine.JPG|200px]] [[File:UW Full Turbine Points.JPG|200px]] [[File:UW Blade Back.JPG|300px]] [[File:UW NoBlade Turbine Front.jpg|200px]] ==Experiments Performed== *Tests Performed Fall 2011 **[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] **[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *Tests performed by Dan Rohe (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia) **[[Full Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[Hub + 3 Blades]] (forthcoming) **[[Tower + Hub]] (forthcoming) == Calculations Performed == * Substructuring of UW-Madison Test Results (~Fall 2011) **[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) **[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) * Substructuring of Sandia Test Results (Summer 2012) **[[Hub+blades to Hub+Tower]] (forthcoming) **Paper Describing This: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf] == Summary of Ampair Tests == * Dan Rohe's thesis contains an excellent discussion of the experiments performed at UW-Madison and the difficulties encountered. A second set of tests was performed at Sandia (will post that data when we are able) and far better results were obtained. His thesis is available below. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/19/RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Broken Links]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] 86e2936306f9ec44d6c22a7f32b559c7614b3615 345 344 2013-09-26T17:21:35Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Overview== [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|right|50px|link=http://wisc.edu]] The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine.<br clear="all"> [[File:UW_2Blade_Turbine.JPG|200px]] [[File:UW Full Turbine Points.JPG|200px]] [[File:UW Blade Back.JPG|300px]] [[File:UW NoBlade Turbine Front.jpg|200px]] ==Experiments Performed== *Tests Performed Fall 2011 **[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] **[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *Tests performed by Dan Rohe (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia) **[[Full Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[Hub + 3 Blades]] (forthcoming) **[[Tower + Hub]] (forthcoming) == Calculations Performed == * Substructuring of UW-Madison Test Results (~Fall 2011) **[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) **[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) * Substructuring of Sandia Test Results (Summer 2012) **[[Hub+blades to Hub+Tower]] (forthcoming) **Paper Describing This: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf] == Summary of Ampair Tests == * Dan Rohe's thesis contains an excellent discussion of the experiments performed at UW-Madison and the difficulties encountered. A second set of tests was performed at Sandia (will post that data when we are able) and far better results were obtained. His thesis is available below. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/19/RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Broken Links]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] d90da97bf2610948e712782ae74f96993848e61d 346 345 2013-09-26T17:26:40Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|right|50px|link=http://wisc.edu]] ==Overview== The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine.<br clear="all"> <gallery> File:UW_2Blade_Turbine.JPG| File:UW Full Turbine Points.JPG| File:UW Blade Back.JPG File:UW NoBlade Turbine Front.jpg {...} </gallery> ==Experiments Performed== *Tests Performed Fall 2011 **[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] **[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *Tests performed by Dan Rohe (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia) **[[Full Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[Hub + 3 Blades]] (forthcoming) **[[Tower + Hub]] (forthcoming) == Calculations Performed == * Substructuring of UW-Madison Test Results (~Fall 2011) **[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) **[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) * Substructuring of Sandia Test Results (Summer 2012) **[[Hub+blades to Hub+Tower]] (forthcoming) **Paper Describing This: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf] == Summary of Ampair Tests == * Dan Rohe's thesis contains an excellent discussion of the experiments performed at UW-Madison and the difficulties encountered. A second set of tests was performed at Sandia (will post that data when we are able) and far better results were obtained. His thesis is available below. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/19/RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Broken Links]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] f61275979cdb22e26f93cf01525c2dd209d16d0c 347 346 2013-09-26T17:28:46Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|right|50px|link=http://wisc.edu]] ==Overview== The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine.<br clear="all"> <gallery> File:UW_2Blade_Turbine.JPG| File:UW Full Turbine Points.JPG| File:UW Blade Back.JPG File:UW NoBlade Turbine Front.jpg {...} </gallery> ==Experiments Performed== *Tests Performed Fall 2011 **[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] **[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *Tests performed by Dan Rohe (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia) **[[Full Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[Hub + 3 Blades]] (forthcoming) **[[Tower + Hub]] (forthcoming) == Calculations Performed == * Substructuring of UW-Madison Test Results (~Fall 2011) **[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) **[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) * Substructuring of Sandia Test Results (Summer 2012) **[[Hub+blades to Hub+Tower]] (forthcoming) **Paper Describing This: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf] == Summary of Ampair Tests == * Dan Rohe's thesis contains an excellent discussion of the experiments performed at UW-Madison and the difficulties encountered. A second set of tests was performed at Sandia (will post that data when we are able) and far better results were obtained. His thesis is available below. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/19/RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf] == Links == [http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/ Matt Allen's Home Page] [http://www.engr.wisc.edu/ College of Engineering Homepage] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Broken Links]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] 14edf9e075270e853748105cde48c86307eb88ab 348 347 2013-09-26T17:29:05Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|right|50px|link=http://wisc.edu]] ==Overview== The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine.<br clear="all"> <gallery> File:UW_2Blade_Turbine.JPG| File:UW Full Turbine Points.JPG| File:UW Blade Back.JPG File:UW NoBlade Turbine Front.jpg {...} </gallery> ==Experiments Performed== *Tests Performed Fall 2011 **[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] **[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *Tests performed by Dan Rohe (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia) **[[Full Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[Hub + 3 Blades]] (forthcoming) **[[Tower + Hub]] (forthcoming) == Calculations Performed == * Substructuring of UW-Madison Test Results (~Fall 2011) **[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) **[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) * Substructuring of Sandia Test Results (Summer 2012) **[[Hub+blades to Hub+Tower]] (forthcoming) **Paper Describing This: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf] == Summary of Ampair Tests == * Dan Rohe's thesis contains an excellent discussion of the experiments performed at UW-Madison and the difficulties encountered. A second set of tests was performed at Sandia (will post that data when we are able) and far better results were obtained. His thesis is available below. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/19/RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf] == Links == *[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/ Matt Allen's Home Page] *[http://www.engr.wisc.edu/ College of Engineering Homepage] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Broken Links]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] b82ffc8e8ecfdae0845c42f0741f4916fd94c761 0 22 349 159 2013-09-26T17:30:00Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Details== This test was performed in early January 2012 Two sets of measurements were taken with varying accelerometer locations. The hammer was roved over approximately 40 points on the structure to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points, primarily on the blade. The span of the test was 0 to 800 Hz. == Photos == [[File: UW_2Blade_Turbine.JPG|frame|x300px|none|2-bladed Turbine Configuration]] == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geometry.uff|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Turbine_Test_1.rar|Dataset 1]] | [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Turbine_Test_2.rar|Dataset 2]] <gallery> Image: UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geo.jpg | Point Resolution, Front View Image: UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geo_Side.jpg | Point Resolution, Side View </gallery> == Results == <gallery> Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_1.jpg | Mode 1 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_2.jpg | Mode 2 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_3.jpg | Mode 3 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_4.jpg | Mode 4 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_5.jpg | Mode 5 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_6.jpg | Mode 6 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_7.jpg | Mode 7 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_8.jpg | Mode 8 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_9.jpg | Mode 9 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_10.jpg | Mode 10 </gallery> [[Category:Experiments]] 819388fb34b511926658054dfae68d6ff49603de 350 349 2013-09-26T17:30:16Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Details== This test was performed in early January 2012 Two sets of measurements were taken with varying accelerometer locations. The hammer was roved over approximately 40 points on the structure to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points, primarily on the blade. The span of the test was 0 to 800 Hz. == Photos == [[File: UW_2Blade_Turbine.JPG|frame|x300px|none|2-bladed Turbine Configuration]] == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geometry.uff|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Turbine_Test_1.rar|Dataset 1]] | [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Turbine_Test_2.rar|Dataset 2]] <gallery> Image: UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geo.jpg | Point Resolution, Front View Image: UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geo_Side.jpg | Point Resolution, Side View </gallery> == Results == <gallery> Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_1.jpg | Mode 1 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_2.jpg | Mode 2 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_3.jpg | Mode 3 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_4.jpg | Mode 4 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_5.jpg | Mode 5 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_6.jpg | Mode 6 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_7.jpg | Mode 7 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_8.jpg | Mode 8 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_9.jpg | Mode 9 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_10.jpg | Mode 10 </gallery> [[Category:Experiments]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] 170eb932ecac828f35615db1cfd3be202287b096 0 25 351 185 2013-09-26T17:31:09Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki == Test Information == This test was performed in early January 2012 Two sets of measurement were taken with separate accelerometer positions. The hammer was roved over approximately 60 points on the structure to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points, primarily on the blades. The span of the test was 0 to 800 Hz. Due to a hardware limitation of 4 channels (3 accelerometers and 1 hammer) per test, the data was taken in two sets, using a total of 6 accelerometer locations. The accelerometers were placed off-center (to capture blade torsion) near the tips of the blades, and on the turbine nacelle. B+K Pulse Labshop software was used for data acquisition. == Photos == <gallery> Image:UW_Full_Test_Accel_Mount.jpg|Typical Blade Accelerometer Setup Image:UW_Full_Test_Accel_Mount_Hub.JPG|Hub Accelerometers, Triaxial and Single Axis Image:UW_Full_Turbine_Accel_Locs.jpg|All Accelerometers--Wires were secured for test Image:UW_Full_Turbine_Points.JPG|Points used in Testing </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_Full_Turbine_Geometry.uff|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_Full_Turbine_Test_1.rar|Dataset 1]] | [[:File:UW_Full_Turbine_Test_2.rar|Dataset 2]] <gallery> Image:UW_Full_turbine_geo.jpg | Point Resolution, Front View Image:UW_Full_turbine_geo_side.jpg | Point Resolution, Side View </gallery> == Results == <gallery> Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_1.jpg | Mode 1 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_2.jpg | Mode 2 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_3.jpg | Mode 3 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_4.jpg | Mode 4 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_5.jpg | Mode 5 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_6.jpg | Mode 6 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_7.jpg | Mode 7 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_8.jpg | Mode 8 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_9.jpg | Mode 9 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_10.jpg | Mode 10 </gallery> [[Category:Experiments]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] 59850175c9b7d39859a58169e8045eab3b8bf01b 0 24 352 140 2013-09-26T17:31:31Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki This test was performed in early January 2012. One set of measurements was taken. The hammer was roved over approximately 20 points to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points. == Mass-Loading Fixture == To mass-load the interface, a block of steel was sandwiched between two aluminum plates, similar to how the blade is held by the wind turbine. This added mass represents a type of transmission simulator for the blade. It is mostly rigid in the frequency span of interest. == Photos == <gallery> Image: UW_Blade_Front.JPG | Front View of test frame and soft spring support condition Image: UW_Blade_Back.JPG | Back Side of the blade with accelerometers visible Image: UW_Blade_Back_2.jpg | Close up of tip accelerometer </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_Blade_Test_Geometry.uff|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_Mass_Loaded_Blade_Test.rar|Dataset 1]] <gallery> Image:UW_Blade_Geo.jpg | Point Resolution, Front View </gallery> == Results == <gallery> Image: UW_MLBlade_Mode_1.jpg | Mode 1 Image: UW_MLBlade_Mode_2.jpg | Mode 2 Image: UW_MLBlade_Mode_3.jpg | Mode 3 Image: UW_MLBlade_Mode_4.jpg | Mode 4 Image: UW_MLBlade_Mode_5.jpg | Mode 5 Image: UW_MLBlade_Mode_6.jpg | Mode 6 </gallery> [[Category:Experiments]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] 2a1433320ee3b9c05dd92f05630f39bdde56e26a 0 36 353 169 2013-09-26T17:31:45Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki This test was performed in early January 2012 One set of measurements were taken. The hammer was roved over approximately 20 points on the structure to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points, primarily on the blade. The span of the test was 0 to 800 Hz. == Photos == <gallery> Image: UW_NoBlade_Turbine_Front.jpg | Front View Image: UW_NoBlade_Turbine.jpg | Rear View </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_No_Blade_Test_Geometry.uff|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_NoBlade_Turbine_Test.rar|Dataset 1]] <gallery> Image: UW_Zero_Blade_Test_Geo.jpg | Point Resolution, Front View Image: UW_Zero_Blade_Test_Geo_Side.jpg | Point Resolution, Side View </gallery> == Results == <gallery> Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_1.jpg | Mode 1 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_2.jpg | Mode 2 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_3.jpg | Mode 3 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_4.jpg | Mode 4 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_5.jpg | Mode 5 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_6.jpg | Mode 6 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_7.jpg | Mode 7 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_8.jpg | Mode 8 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_9.jpg | Mode 9 </gallery> [[Category:Experiments]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] 37a349079ca3c3f10af78118e27df4a138cd67c5 2 117 354 329 2013-09-26T17:35:22Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki Dan Roettgen - droettgen(replace with at symbol)wisc.edu Ph.D. Student, Engineering Mechanics, [[Wisconsin|University of Wisconsin]], 2013 - Present M.S. Mechanical Engineering, Ohio State University, April 2012 B.S. Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, June 2009 Links [www.aiaa.org|AIAA] [www.EAA.org|EAA] 10ecd07cce92d70fd17dbb50faa9fbfe938e6800 355 354 2013-09-26T17:36:17Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki Dan Roettgen - droettgen(replace with at symbol)wisc.edu Ph.D. Student, Engineering Mechanics, [[Wisconsin|University of Wisconsin]], 2013 - Present M.S. Mechanical Engineering, Ohio State University, April 2012 B.S. Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, June 2009 ====Links==== *[http://www.aiaa.org AIAA] *[http://www.EAA.org EAA] a3ad1ce0ca456c289155a4ba7addce7aa33aeefd 360 355 2013-09-30T01:21:51Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki Dan Roettgen - droettgen(replace with at symbol)wisc.edu Ph.D. Student, Engineering Mechanics, [[http://www.engr.wisc.edu/ep.html University of Wisconsin]], 2013 - Present M.S. Mechanical Engineering, [[http://mae.osu.edu/ Ohio State University]], April 2012 B.S. Mechanical Engineering, [[http://www.engr.uky.edu/me/ University of Kentucky]], June 2009 '''Research Interests:''' Dynamics, Vibrations, Dynamic Substructuring, Controls, ====Links==== *[http://www.aiaa.org AIAA] *[http://www.EAA.org EAA] *[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzzy_control_system Fuzzy Logic Control Wikipedia Entry]] e5c64e418d012a3e26b0c3316a7fa49d1cc89541 361 360 2013-09-30T01:22:39Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki Dan Roettgen - droettgen(replace with at symbol)wisc.edu Ph.D. Student, Engineering Mechanics, [[http://www.engr.wisc.edu/ep.html University of Wisconsin]], 2013 - Present M.S. Mechanical Engineering, [[http://mae.osu.edu/ Ohio State University]], April 2012 B.S. Mechanical Engineering, [[http://www.engr.uky.edu/me/ University of Kentucky]], June 2009 '''Research Interests:''' Dynamics, Vibrations, Dynamic Substructuring, Controls, ====Links==== *[http://www.aiaa.org AIAA] *[http://www.EAA.org EAA] *[http://www.sem.org/ SEM] *[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzzy_control_system Fuzzy Logic Control Wikipedia Entry]] 63c5f0886acb5eb93fb2ef3103bc9fb37774adff 362 361 2013-09-30T01:23:06Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki Dan Roettgen - droettgen(replace with at symbol)wisc.edu ===Education History=== Ph.D. Student, Engineering Mechanics, [[http://www.engr.wisc.edu/ep.html University of Wisconsin]], 2013 - Present M.S. Mechanical Engineering, [[http://mae.osu.edu/ Ohio State University]], April 2012 B.S. Mechanical Engineering, [[http://www.engr.uky.edu/me/ University of Kentucky]], June 2009 '''Research Interests:''' Dynamics, Vibrations, Dynamic Substructuring, Controls, Fuzzy Logic ====Links==== *[http://www.aiaa.org AIAA] *[http://www.EAA.org EAA] *[http://www.sem.org/ SEM] *[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzzy_control_system Fuzzy Logic Control Wikipedia Entry]] 501ddaa163feacc3762386e0f4e28554531d1389 363 362 2013-09-30T01:27:30Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki Dan Roettgen - droettgen(replace with at symbol)wisc.edu ===Education History=== Ph.D. Student, Engineering Mechanics, [[http://www.engr.wisc.edu/ep.html University of Wisconsin]], 2013 - Present M.S. Mechanical Engineering, [[http://mae.osu.edu/ Ohio State University]], April 2012 B.S. Mechanical Engineering, [[http://www.engr.uky.edu/me/ University of Kentucky]], June 2009 '''Research Interests:''' Dynamics, Vibrations, Dynamic Substructuring, Controls, Fuzzy Logic ====Links==== *[http://www.aiaa.org AIAA] *[http://www.EAA.org EAA] *[http://www.sem.org/ SEM] *[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzzy_control_system Fuzzy Logic Control Wikipedia Entry]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] f99dc9ebfbdc1922ced6ae2e830b2540eeed8e48 0 118 357 326 2013-09-26T17:39:17Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki == By Dat == M. S. Allen, D. C. Kammer, and R. L. Mayes, "[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Kammer-Mayes--CMSUncouplingMetrics-IMAC2011final.pdf Metrics for Diagnosing Negative Mass and Stiffness when Uncoupling Experimental and Analytical Substructures]," in 29th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXIX) Jacksonville, Florida, 2011. M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.007 Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. M. S. Allen, H. M. Gindlin & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Gindlin-Mayes--FixedBaseCMS-IMAC2010.pdf Experimental Modal Substructuring to Extract Fixed-Base Modes from a Substructure Attached to a Flexible Fixture],” 28th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVIII), Jacksonville, Florida, Feb. 1-4, 2010. D. De Klerk, D. J. Rixen, and S. N. Voormeeren. "[http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.33274 General Framework for Dynamic Substructuring: History, Review and Classification of Techniques]", AIAA Journal, Vol. 46, No. 5 (2008), pp. 1169-1181. R. L. Mayes, P. S. Hunter, T. W. Simmermacher & M. S. Allen, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Mayes-etal-CombiningSubstructuresMultipleConnections_IMAC2008.pdf Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures with Multiple Connections],” 26th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVI), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2008. M. S. Allen & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Mayes-ExpCMS-IMAC2007.pdf Comparison of FRF and Modal Methods for Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures],” 25th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXV), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2006. D. J. Rixen, "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2003.12.014 A dual Craig–Bampton method for dynamic substructuring]," Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, vol. 168, pp. 383–391 July 2004. 5462b687948fb510c67c6f5b4fca614055c762f7 358 357 2013-09-26T17:39:21Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki == By Date == M. S. Allen, D. C. Kammer, and R. L. Mayes, "[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Kammer-Mayes--CMSUncouplingMetrics-IMAC2011final.pdf Metrics for Diagnosing Negative Mass and Stiffness when Uncoupling Experimental and Analytical Substructures]," in 29th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXIX) Jacksonville, Florida, 2011. M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.007 Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. M. S. Allen, H. M. Gindlin & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Gindlin-Mayes--FixedBaseCMS-IMAC2010.pdf Experimental Modal Substructuring to Extract Fixed-Base Modes from a Substructure Attached to a Flexible Fixture],” 28th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVIII), Jacksonville, Florida, Feb. 1-4, 2010. D. De Klerk, D. J. Rixen, and S. N. Voormeeren. "[http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.33274 General Framework for Dynamic Substructuring: History, Review and Classification of Techniques]", AIAA Journal, Vol. 46, No. 5 (2008), pp. 1169-1181. R. L. Mayes, P. S. Hunter, T. W. Simmermacher & M. S. Allen, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Mayes-etal-CombiningSubstructuresMultipleConnections_IMAC2008.pdf Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures with Multiple Connections],” 26th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVI), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2008. M. S. Allen & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Mayes-ExpCMS-IMAC2007.pdf Comparison of FRF and Modal Methods for Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures],” 25th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXV), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2006. D. J. Rixen, "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2003.12.014 A dual Craig–Bampton method for dynamic substructuring]," Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, vol. 168, pp. 383–391 July 2004. 593f73fce5e1e36d8d1f1706720e3bc90517482c 359 358 2013-09-26T17:40:11Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki Below is a list of papers and journals related to dynamics substructruing, feel free to add links of your own! == By Date == M. S. Allen, D. C. Kammer, and R. L. Mayes, "[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Kammer-Mayes--CMSUncouplingMetrics-IMAC2011final.pdf Metrics for Diagnosing Negative Mass and Stiffness when Uncoupling Experimental and Analytical Substructures]," in 29th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXIX) Jacksonville, Florida, 2011. M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.007 Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. M. S. Allen, H. M. Gindlin & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Gindlin-Mayes--FixedBaseCMS-IMAC2010.pdf Experimental Modal Substructuring to Extract Fixed-Base Modes from a Substructure Attached to a Flexible Fixture],” 28th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVIII), Jacksonville, Florida, Feb. 1-4, 2010. D. De Klerk, D. J. Rixen, and S. N. Voormeeren. "[http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.33274 General Framework for Dynamic Substructuring: History, Review and Classification of Techniques]", AIAA Journal, Vol. 46, No. 5 (2008), pp. 1169-1181. R. L. Mayes, P. S. Hunter, T. W. Simmermacher & M. S. Allen, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Mayes-etal-CombiningSubstructuresMultipleConnections_IMAC2008.pdf Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures with Multiple Connections],” 26th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVI), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2008. M. S. Allen & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Mayes-ExpCMS-IMAC2007.pdf Comparison of FRF and Modal Methods for Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures],” 25th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXV), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2006. D. J. Rixen, "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2003.12.014 A dual Craig–Bampton method for dynamic substructuring]," Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, vol. 168, pp. 383–391 July 2004. 9a7f8aa98651658b11f7c1f94cfea7fac5ec7571 386 359 2013-12-23T21:36:58Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki Below is a list of papers and journals related to dynamics substructruing, feel free to add links of your own! == By Date == M. S. Allen, D. C. Kammer, and R. L. Mayes, "[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Kammer-Mayes--CMSUncouplingMetrics-IMAC2011final.pdf Metrics for Diagnosing Negative Mass and Stiffness when Uncoupling Experimental and Analytical Substructures]," in 29th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXIX) Jacksonville, Florida, 2011. M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.007 Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. M. S. Allen, H. M. Gindlin & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Gindlin-Mayes--FixedBaseCMS-IMAC2010.pdf Experimental Modal Substructuring to Extract Fixed-Base Modes from a Substructure Attached to a Flexible Fixture],” 28th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVIII), Jacksonville, Florida, Feb. 1-4, 2010. D. De Klerk, D. J. Rixen, and S. N. Voormeeren. "[http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.33274 General Framework for Dynamic Substructuring: History, Review and Classification of Techniques]", AIAA Journal, Vol. 46, No. 5 (2008), pp. 1169-1181. R. L. Mayes, P. S. Hunter, T. W. Simmermacher & M. S. Allen, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Mayes-etal-CombiningSubstructuresMultipleConnections_IMAC2008.pdf Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures with Multiple Connections],” 26th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVI), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2008. M. S. Allen & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Mayes-ExpCMS-IMAC2007.pdf Comparison of FRF and Modal Methods for Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures],” 25th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXV), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2006. D. J. Rixen, "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2003.12.014 A dual Craig–Bampton method for dynamic substructuring]," Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, vol. 168, pp. 383–391 July 2004. [[Category:Knowledge]] 49db65048b5e1280cd7817a3bf464fb236e80852 2 123 366 2013-10-09T15:06:47Z MSAllen 1 Created page with "Dr. Matthew S. Allen, Associate Professor, University of Wisconsin-Madison http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/" wikitext text/x-wiki Dr. Matthew S. Allen, Associate Professor, University of Wisconsin-Madison http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/ 886673eaca441c01ee51cb10251b95007de5cdec 0 14 367 288 2013-10-09T15:09:45Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:AWEBladeScan.png|left|350px|http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/1c/Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt]] [[File:AWEBladeScan_Back.png|left|350px|http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/1c/Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt]] The Atomic Weapons Establishment used scanning laser measurements to create an accurate geometric model of the blade. This measurement was averaged and curve fitted over 3 Ampair 600 blades. The measurement is available in the text file here: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/1c/Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt]. The file is actually in 'step' model format so please rename to *.stp after downloading. The pictures are screen captures that Matt Allen created in SolidWorks 2012 after opening the *.stp file. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] a52e159b4d75f3c4819a56d430e13fdf327af4e4 0 95 368 195 2013-10-09T15:10:05Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki ==The following compressed (rar) file contains:== *A geometry file (stp) of the blade, corrected in order to take out fillets. It still has some defects (curvature changes) at the tip of the blade: in that area the mesh has to be adjusted manually; *A NASTRAN model using four nodes solid elements: the material is considered to be isotropic and the material properties were selected so as to fit natural frequencies identifed by UML. [[:File:LAquila_AMPAIR_BLADE.rar|NASTRAN Model of Blade]] Contributed by [http://ing.univaq.it/mam/dambro_e.html Walter D'Ambrogio] from the University of L'Aquila. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] b75d593e05b4cd9f048d47cf42561041bfc3d25a 0 3 369 262 2013-10-09T17:15:20Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki Here are some best practices for contributing for this Wiki. == Creating Pages == * Pages are linked based on their names. For long names, it can get confusing to remember the page name. You can use redirects to help. * Use Categories <nowiki>[[Category:</nowiki>''Category Name''<nowiki>]]</nowiki> to organize pages into logical groups. * Please tag all model pages with <nowiki>[[Category:Models]]</nowiki> and all tests with <nowiki>[[Category:Experiments]]</nowiki> to automatically include them in the list of all models/experiments in the navigation bar. * Feel free to create pages explaining techniques that you use or anything else. * Feel free to look at the source code of other pages to help you learn how to use the wiki syntax. It is quick to learn, but you may need a refresher from time to time. * To edit the sidebar (for instance to add your institution as a contributor) edit this page: [[MediaWiki:Sidebar]] == Uploading Files == * You should be able to upload '''small files''' such as photos, papers, presentations, etc... yourself directly onto the wiki. Observe the following guidelines: ** Files are uploaded and stored by name. To ensure that nobody overwrites anyone else's data, please include a suffix or prefix identifying who uploaded it. Example: There will probably be a few turbine tests, so I called photos/data from Wisconsin's Turbine tests 'UW_Full_Turbine_Accel_Mount.jpg' ** There is currently no quota on file uploads, but our hosting tells us to 'please be reasonable'. ** If you need to upload a file larger than 32 MB, try to compress it. ** If you encounter errors, use the alternate approach in the [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * '''Large files''', or files that are rejected by the server need to be uploaded differently. See the [[Guide for Uploading Files]]. * A list of all uploaded files is found here: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/index.php/Special:ListFiles File List] == Discussion Pages== * Discussion pages can be used to comment on or ask questions about another group's results or techniques, instead of editing their page directly. b77b041490befc39d084d5cfc1a3c08bb92b5157 370 369 2013-10-09T17:16:15Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki Here are some best practices for contributing for this Wiki. == Creating Pages == * Pages are linked based on their names. For long names, it can get confusing to remember the page name. You can use redirects to help. * Use Categories <nowiki>[[Category:</nowiki>''Category Name''<nowiki>]]</nowiki> to organize pages into logical groups. * Please tag all model pages with <nowiki>[[Category:Models]]</nowiki> and all tests with <nowiki>[[Category:Experiments]]</nowiki> to automatically include them in the list of all models/experiments in the navigation bar. * Feel free to create pages explaining techniques that you use or anything else. * Feel free to look at the source code of other pages to help you learn how to use the wiki syntax. It is quick to learn, but you may need a refresher from time to time. * To edit the sidebar (for instance to add your institution as a contributor) edit this page: [[MediaWiki:Sidebar]] == Uploading Files == * You should be able to upload '''small files''' such as photos, papers, presentations, etc... yourself directly onto the wiki. Observe the following guidelines: ** Files are uploaded and stored by name. To ensure that nobody overwrites anyone else's data, please include a suffix or prefix identifying who uploaded it. Example: There will probably be a few turbine tests, so I called photos/data from Wisconsin's Turbine tests 'UW_Full_Turbine_Accel_Mount.jpg' ** There is currently no quota on file uploads, but our hosting tells us to 'please be reasonable'. ** If you need to upload a file larger than 32 MB, try to compress it. ** It probably goes without saying, but don't upload any malicious files to the Wiki. By default MediaWiki (the software that this Wiki runs on) will warn you about file name extensions that it doesn't recognize or that may be used to contain harmful code. Everything we upload here should be safe, but there is always the possibility of outside intrusion. ** If you encounter errors, use the alternate approach in the [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * '''Large files''', or files that are rejected by the server need to be uploaded differently. ** See the [[Guide for Uploading Files]]. * A list of all uploaded files is found here: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/index.php/Special:ListFiles File List] == Discussion Pages== * Discussion pages can be used to comment on or ask questions about another group's results or techniques, instead of editing their page directly. 3e557aaba4dce9489b1a91c96d13dcd3b6cdf4f9 371 370 2013-10-09T17:16:43Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki Here are some best practices for contributing for this Wiki. == Creating Pages == * Pages are linked based on their names. For long names, it can get confusing to remember the page name. You can use redirects to help. * Use Categories <nowiki>[[Category:</nowiki>''Category Name''<nowiki>]]</nowiki> to organize pages into logical groups. * Please tag all model pages with <nowiki>[[Category:Models]]</nowiki> and all tests with <nowiki>[[Category:Experiments]]</nowiki> to automatically include them in the list of all models/experiments in the navigation bar. * Feel free to create pages explaining techniques that you use or anything else. * Feel free to look at the source code of other pages to help you learn how to use the wiki syntax. It is quick to learn, but you may need a refresher from time to time. * To edit the sidebar (for instance to add your institution as a contributor) edit this page: [[MediaWiki:Sidebar]] == Uploading Files == * You should be able to upload '''SMALL FILES''' such as photos, papers, presentations, etc... yourself directly onto the wiki. Observe the following guidelines: ** Files are uploaded and stored by name. To ensure that nobody overwrites anyone else's data, please include a suffix or prefix identifying who uploaded it. Example: There will probably be a few turbine tests, so I called photos/data from Wisconsin's Turbine tests 'UW_Full_Turbine_Accel_Mount.jpg' ** There is currently no quota on file uploads, but our hosting tells us to 'please be reasonable'. ** If you need to upload a file larger than 32 MB, try to compress it. ** It probably goes without saying, but don't upload any malicious files to the Wiki. By default MediaWiki (the software that this Wiki runs on) will warn you about file name extensions that it doesn't recognize or that may be used to contain harmful code. Everything we upload here should be safe, but there is always the possibility of outside intrusion. ** If you encounter errors, use the alternate approach in the [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * '''LARGE FILES''', or files that are rejected by the server need to be uploaded differently. ** See the [[Guide for Uploading Files]]. * A list of all uploaded files is found here: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/index.php/Special:ListFiles File List] == Discussion Pages== * Discussion pages can be used to comment on or ask questions about another group's results or techniques, instead of editing their page directly. 6e89a98202cac63b94304eceac5449a73561946d 0 94 372 265 2013-10-09T17:18:34Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki The wiki provides a quick and easy means to [[Special:Upload | upload files]] and post them to a page you might create. The interface to upload the files is located in the Toolbox section of the Navigation Bar on the left side. You must be logged in to upload files. The page lists permitted file types. If you wish to upload a file type that is not listed in that list, contact [[mailto:substructurewiki@cae.wisc.edu substructurewiki@cae.wisc.edu]]. Our web host has an imposed limit of 32 MB per file for upload. == Large File Upload == To upload files larger than 32 MB, three options exist. === Manual Upload === To circumvent upload size restrictions, users with command-line access to the server (Matt Allen or Dan Rohe) can manually place your file on the server and build a link to the Wiki for it. To do this, upload your file to the following shared folder (or post it at some other location where they can access it). In your wiki page, enter the file name in the location where you would like the link. As Matt & Dan are able they will transfer your file to the Wiki and create the link. [https://mywebspace.wisc.edu/xythoswfs/webui/_xy-40302674_1-t_RIQHeIA2 : Link to External Folder] === External Upload === Files can be uploaded to an external hosting site and linked externally. See the example above or the wiki's [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for more information on creating external links. === Compression === Compression can only go so far, and the server's security software seems to be overzealous at flagging compressed file formats (especially *.zip files). The security software seems to be more lenient with *.rar compressed files, although the occasional false positive still occurs. If the server won't let you upload your compressed file, see one of the other methods. 2aa608962eb10b4c365ca943da90b4993c848de4 373 372 2013-10-09T17:19:35Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki The wiki provides a quick and easy means to [[Special:Upload | upload files]] and post them to a page you might create. The interface to upload the files is located in the Toolbox section of the Navigation Bar on the left side. You must be logged in to upload files. The page lists permitted file types. If you wish to upload a file type that is not listed in that list, contact [[mailto:substructurewiki@cae.wisc.edu substructurewiki@cae.wisc.edu]]. Our web host has an imposed limit of 32 MB per file for upload. == Large File Upload == To upload files larger than 32 MB, three options exist. === Manual Upload === To circumvent upload size restrictions, users with command-line access to the server (i.e. those in Matt Allen's research group at UW-Madison) can manually place your file on the server and build a link to the Wiki for it. To do this, upload your file to the following shared folder (or post it at some other location where they can access it such as on Dropbox or GoogleDocs). In your wiki page, enter the file name in the location where you would like the link. As Matt & Dan are able they will transfer your file to the Wiki and create the link. [https://mywebspace.wisc.edu/xythoswfs/webui/_xy-40302674_1-t_RIQHeIA2 : Link to External Folder] === External Upload === Files can be uploaded to an external hosting site and linked externally. See the example above or the wiki's [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for more information on creating external links. === Compression === Compression can only go so far, and the server's security software seems to be overzealous at flagging compressed file formats (especially *.zip files). The security software seems to be more lenient with *.rar compressed files, although the occasional false positive still occurs. If the server won't let you upload your compressed file, see one of the other methods. 08b1d84dd11608d0b4f929d2c5762456a5de1b80 6 124 374 2013-10-20T01:55:18Z Droettgen 44 Index of Substructuring Papers presented at IMAC conferences. wikitext text/x-wiki Index of Substructuring Papers presented at IMAC conferences. 62db10c4a7d616c64f91f9b385626fc04954e371 0 125 378 2013-12-23T21:32:09Z MSAllen 1 Created page with "A list has been compiled of all of the substructuring papers presented at IMAC conferences. For now it is only available as a word document here: [List]" wikitext text/x-wiki A list has been compiled of all of the substructuring papers presented at IMAC conferences. For now it is only available as a word document here: [List] f9bba119742aba4e88c9f419a7901610a2627a94 379 378 2013-12-23T21:33:21Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki A list has been compiled of all of the substructuring papers presented at IMAC conferences. For now it is only available as a word document here: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/0/0f/SubstructuringAtIMAC_1993_to_2013.docx | List] 6298e0195cbaa8527757a134c4a83596da776ad3 380 379 2013-12-23T21:33:40Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki A list has been compiled of all of the substructuring papers presented at IMAC conferences. For now it is only available as a word document here: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/0/0f/SubstructuringAtIMAC_1993_to_2013.docx IMAC Papers] 4b143a48912ae7cd5395b32163b80ca5116a63a1 385 380 2013-12-23T21:36:41Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki A list has been compiled of all of the substructuring papers presented at IMAC conferences. For now it is only available as a word document here: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/0/0f/SubstructuringAtIMAC_1993_to_2013.docx IMAC Papers] [[Category:Knowledge]] c29a8475d494a4e43e17be357cfcfa1b28914809 0 115 382 310 2013-12-23T21:35:06Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki A link to the tutorial given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC in 2010: [http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf] "Ritz Method and Experimental Modal Analysis" presentation by M.S. Allen: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf] Other tutorials are coming soon! [[:Category:Knowledge]] e4eaccb098a25a2058f9800b9070097e8cd8abb0 383 382 2013-12-23T21:35:53Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki A link to the tutorial given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC in 2010: [http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf] "Ritz Method and Experimental Modal Analysis" presentation by M.S. Allen: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf] Other tutorials are coming soon! <nowiki>[[Category:Experiments]]</nowiki> 4491945719021d098dd4b32dc64873da91329083 384 383 2013-12-23T21:36:13Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki A link to the tutorial given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC in 2010: [http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf] "Ritz Method and Experimental Modal Analysis" presentation by M.S. Allen: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf] Other tutorials are coming soon! [[Category:Knowledge]] 305cd564d618b87253f2d88036b3690965c10dde 8 4 387 171 2013-12-23T21:40:47Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki * navigation ** mainpage|mainpage-description ** recentchanges-url|recentchanges ** randompage-url|randompage * Contributors ** Atomic Weapons Establishment|AWE ** Sandia National Laboratories|Sandia Labs ** University of Massachusetts at Lowell|UMass Lowell ** Wisconsin|Wisconsin ** Chalmers University|Chalmers ** University of Stuttgart|Stuttgart ** TU Delft|TU Delft ** L'Aquila|L'Aquila * Content ** Category:Experiments|Experiments ** Category:Models|Models ** Category:Calculations|Calculations ** Category:Knowledge|Knowledge Base * SEARCH * TOOLBOX * LANGUAGES 8d83bd1abf2d3b23d872092cc2e0de66a58921f1 0 1 391 390 2013-12-23T21:43:39Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC dynamic substructuring focus group's web space.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[Test Bed Information]] | Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[:Category:Info|Knowledge Base]] | This is a place to collect information that may be helpful to others in the substructuring community. == Knowledge Base (Including Tutorials on Substructuring) == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link [[IMAC_Substr_Papers|Substructuring Papers in IMAC]] | List of all of the papers from IMAC proceedings in substructuring related sessions [[Bibliography]] | Here is a list of links to conference and journal papers about dynamic substructuring, with space for notes from the authors. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * To request a new account or retrieve your password, contact the wiki administrator at [mailto:substructurewiki@cae.wisc.edu substructurewiki@cae.wisc.edu]. == About the Focus Group == The Dynamics Substructuring focus group is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' International Modal Analysis Conference each year. The group is led (unofficially) by Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) and by Matt Allen ([http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/ University of Wisconsin-Madison]) and Daniel Rixen ([http://www.amm.mw.tum.de/ Technische Universität München]). This Wiki is maintained by Dr. Allen's research group. cd8734f0cc445a3f19c6c5e2e12f0221f1dcb2f1 397 391 2013-12-23T21:59:09Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC dynamic substructuring focus group's web space.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[Test Bed Information]] | Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[:Category:Info|Knowledge Base]] | This is a place to collect information that may be helpful to others in the substructuring community. == Knowledge Base (Including Tutorials on Substructuring) == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link [[IMAC_Substr_Papers|Substructuring Papers in IMAC]] | List of all of the papers from IMAC proceedings in substructuring related sessions [[Bibliography]] | Here is a list of links to conference and journal papers about dynamic substructuring, with space for notes from the authors. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * To request a new account or retrieve your password, contact the wiki administrator at [mailto:substructurewiki@cae.wisc.edu substructurewiki@cae.wisc.edu]. == About the Focus Group == The Dynamics Substructuring focus group is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' International Modal Analysis Conference each year. The group is led (unofficially) by * Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) * Matt Allen ([http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/ University of Wisconsin-Madison]) and * Daniel Rixen ([http://www.amm.mw.tum.de/ Technische Universität München]). This Wiki is maintained by Dr. Allen's research group. 920a15d9c5be2b7c5d64a54090598007c3feb4ba 14 127 392 2013-12-23T21:43:44Z MSAllen 1 Created page with "This page contains a listing of content that has to do with publications, methods, tutorials, and other information regarding substructuring." wikitext text/x-wiki This page contains a listing of content that has to do with publications, methods, tutorials, and other information regarding substructuring. 47a18e0f50e814cc5466f0d652ec7919bf22079b 0 115 393 384 2013-12-23T21:44:04Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki A link to the tutorial given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC in 2010: [http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf] "Ritz Method and Experimental Modal Analysis" presentation by M.S. Allen: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf] Other tutorials are coming soon! [[Category:Info]] 7bd35645a3ff2a48ddb7429292b5acd04b873b8b 398 393 2014-01-02T15:09:24Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki A [[http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf] | link to the tutorial] given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC in 2010: [http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf] ["Ritz Method and Experimental Modal Analysis" | http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf] presentation by M.S. Allen: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf] * Short Course on Experimental Dynamic Substructuring (IMAC 2014) ** Taught by M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes and D. Rixen. ** Slides, Matlab scripts, and other materials will be posted here once available. [[Category:Info]] c5956280a7f11e5efd3cfe2fb477386b01aa348d 399 398 2014-01-02T15:09:51Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki A [[http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf] link to the tutorial] given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC in 2010: [http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf] ["Ritz Method and Experimental Modal Analysis" http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf] presentation by M.S. Allen: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf] * Short Course on Experimental Dynamic Substructuring (IMAC 2014) ** Taught by M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes and D. Rixen. ** Slides, Matlab scripts, and other materials will be posted here once available. [[Category:Info]] cff087ff43eee25f271f0bc7eab278dee5554fb4 400 399 2014-01-02T15:10:26Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki A [link to the tutorial http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf] given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC in 2010: [http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf] [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf "Ritz Method and Experimental Modal Analysis"] presentation by M.S. Allen: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf] * Short Course on Experimental Dynamic Substructuring (IMAC 2014) ** Taught by M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes and D. Rixen. ** Slides, Matlab scripts, and other materials will be posted here once available. [[Category:Info]] 623eb6c1d230f77525ac4c8f11f81c889c550757 401 400 2014-01-02T15:12:11Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki A [http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf:link to the tutorial] given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC in 2010: [http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf] [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf:"Ritz Method and Experimental Modal Analysis"] presentation by M.S. Allen: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf] * Short Course on Experimental Dynamic Substructuring (IMAC 2014) ** Taught by M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes and D. Rixen. ** Slides, Matlab scripts, and other materials will be posted here once available. [[Category:Info]] 2cbe091cd6caf89acf193087ccd9a59a4ddb3523 402 401 2014-01-02T15:12:43Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki A [http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf link to the tutorial] given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC in 2010: [http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf] [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf "Ritz Method and Experimental Modal Analysis"] presentation by M.S. Allen: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf] * Short Course on Experimental Dynamic Substructuring (IMAC 2014) ** Taught by M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes and D. Rixen. ** Slides, Matlab scripts, and other materials will be posted here once available. [[Category:Info]] 7a62558512069e45752c402504058a683f14ca43 403 402 2014-01-02T15:13:33Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki A [http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf link to the tutorial] given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC in 2010: [http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf] [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf "Ritz Method and Experimental Modal Analysis"] presentation by M.S. Allen: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf] == Short Course on Experimental Dynamic Substructuring (IMAC 2014) == * Taught by M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes and D. Rixen. * Slides, Matlab scripts, and other materials will be posted here once available. [[Category:Info]] d70ccc7f70ef2025a7a0d309d595a9d1b302fdde 412 403 2014-01-31T16:50:51Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki A [http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf link to the tutorial] given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC in 2010: [http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf] [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf "Ritz Method and Experimental Modal Analysis"] presentation by M.S. Allen: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf] == Short Course on Experimental Dynamic Substructuring (IMAC 2014) == * Taught by M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes and D. Rixen. * Slides and Matlab examples for short course. ** (Optional) Link to M.S. Allen's Matlab Tools: [http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/28063-modal-substructuring-cms-and-modal-substructure-modification "RitzSComb Toolbox"] [[Category:Info]] d2b7017a2a23080445519270826531d30f89a215 414 412 2014-01-31T17:16:16Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki A [http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf link to the tutorial] given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC in 2010: [http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf] [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf "Ritz Method and Experimental Modal Analysis"] presentation by M.S. Allen: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf] == Short Course on Experimental Dynamic Substructuring (IMAC 2014) == * Taught by M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes and D. Rixen. * [File:SubstructureSC_IMAC2014_rev1.zip Slides and Matlab examples for short course.] ** (Optional) Link to M.S. Allen's Matlab Tools: [http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/28063-modal-substructuring-cms-and-modal-substructure-modification "RitzSComb Toolbox"] [[Category:Info]] 256835249fca52feddca90eac701396b6972344d 415 414 2014-01-31T17:18:03Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki A [http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf link to the tutorial] given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC in 2010: [http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf] [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf "Ritz Method and Experimental Modal Analysis"] presentation by M.S. Allen: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf] == Short Course on Experimental Dynamic Substructuring (IMAC 2014) == * Taught by M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes and D. Rixen. * [File:SubstructureSC_IMAC2014_rev1.zip‎|Slides and Matlab examples for short course.] ** (Optional) Link to M.S. Allen's Matlab Tools: [http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/28063-modal-substructuring-cms-and-modal-substructure-modification "RitzSComb Toolbox"] [[Category:Info]] d3be4702313ada2a56f1c1eced10d13dc0fc15b8 416 415 2014-01-31T17:18:53Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki A [http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf link to the tutorial] given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC in 2010: [http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf] [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf "Ritz Method and Experimental Modal Analysis"] presentation by M.S. Allen: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf] == Short Course on Experimental Dynamic Substructuring (IMAC 2014) == * Taught by M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes and D. Rixen. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/e/e2/SubstructureSC_IMAC2014_rev1.zip Slides and Matlab examples for short course.] ** (Optional) Link to M.S. Allen's Matlab Tools: [http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/28063-modal-substructuring-cms-and-modal-substructure-modification "RitzSComb Toolbox"] [[Category:Info]] 61813995e25199bf057d9a639b1499b00a28b81e 417 416 2014-01-31T17:19:55Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki A [http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf link to the tutorial] given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC in 2010: [http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf] [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf "Ritz Method and Experimental Modal Analysis"] presentation by M.S. Allen: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf] == Short Course on Experimental Dynamic Substructuring (IMAC 2014) == * Taught by M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes and D. Rixen. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/e/e2/SubstructureSC_IMAC2014_rev1.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for short course.] ** (Optional) Link to M.S. Allen's Matlab Substructuring Tool: [http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/28063-modal-substructuring-cms-and-modal-substructure-modification "RitzSComb Toolbox"] [[Category:Info]] 3307f24b261f692d390500172697906048082a21 419 417 2014-02-01T05:18:48Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki A [http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf link to the tutorial] given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC in 2010: [http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf] [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf "Ritz Method and Experimental Modal Analysis"] presentation by M.S. Allen: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf] == Short Course on Experimental Dynamic Substructuring (IMAC 2014) == * Taught by M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes and D. Rixen. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/SubstructureSC_IMAC2014_rev2.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for short course. (v2)] ** (Optional) Link to M.S. Allen's Matlab Substructuring Tool: [http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/28063-modal-substructuring-cms-and-modal-substructure-modification "RitzSComb Toolbox"] [[Category:Info]] 35e0a9378d64ef8ed40ef08e358265669f759ced 0 125 394 385 2013-12-23T21:44:14Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki A list has been compiled of all of the substructuring papers presented at IMAC conferences. For now it is only available as a word document here: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/0/0f/SubstructuringAtIMAC_1993_to_2013.docx IMAC Papers] [[Category:Info]] 038e2b178b5e6d39c50e732c3c9024642f9750e9 0 118 395 386 2013-12-23T21:44:25Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki Below is a list of papers and journals related to dynamics substructruing, feel free to add links of your own! == By Date == M. S. Allen, D. C. Kammer, and R. L. Mayes, "[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Kammer-Mayes--CMSUncouplingMetrics-IMAC2011final.pdf Metrics for Diagnosing Negative Mass and Stiffness when Uncoupling Experimental and Analytical Substructures]," in 29th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXIX) Jacksonville, Florida, 2011. M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.007 Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. M. S. Allen, H. M. Gindlin & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Gindlin-Mayes--FixedBaseCMS-IMAC2010.pdf Experimental Modal Substructuring to Extract Fixed-Base Modes from a Substructure Attached to a Flexible Fixture],” 28th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVIII), Jacksonville, Florida, Feb. 1-4, 2010. D. De Klerk, D. J. Rixen, and S. N. Voormeeren. "[http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.33274 General Framework for Dynamic Substructuring: History, Review and Classification of Techniques]", AIAA Journal, Vol. 46, No. 5 (2008), pp. 1169-1181. R. L. Mayes, P. S. Hunter, T. W. Simmermacher & M. S. Allen, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Mayes-etal-CombiningSubstructuresMultipleConnections_IMAC2008.pdf Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures with Multiple Connections],” 26th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVI), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2008. M. S. Allen & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Mayes-ExpCMS-IMAC2007.pdf Comparison of FRF and Modal Methods for Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures],” 25th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXV), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2006. D. J. Rixen, "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2003.12.014 A dual Craig–Bampton method for dynamic substructuring]," Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, vol. 168, pp. 383–391 July 2004. [[Category:Info]] 3b8eafcd28ad7e356c06c928194281dbeefd4d8e 426 395 2014-02-12T17:36:22Z WDAmbrogio 11 /* By Date */ wikitext text/x-wiki Below is a list of papers and journals related to dynamics substructruing, feel free to add links of your own! == By Date == M. S. Allen, D. C. Kammer, and R. L. Mayes, "[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Kammer-Mayes--CMSUncouplingMetrics-IMAC2011final.pdf Metrics for Diagnosing Negative Mass and Stiffness when Uncoupling Experimental and Analytical Substructures]," in 29th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXIX) Jacksonville, Florida, 2011. M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.007 Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. M. S. Allen, H. M. Gindlin & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Gindlin-Mayes--FixedBaseCMS-IMAC2010.pdf Experimental Modal Substructuring to Extract Fixed-Base Modes from a Substructure Attached to a Flexible Fixture],” 28th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVIII), Jacksonville, Florida, Feb. 1-4, 2010. D. De Klerk, D. J. Rixen, and S. N. Voormeeren. "[http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.33274 General Framework for Dynamic Substructuring: History, Review and Classification of Techniques]", AIAA Journal, Vol. 46, No. 5 (2008), pp. 1169-1181. R. L. Mayes, P. S. Hunter, T. W. Simmermacher & M. S. Allen, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Mayes-etal-CombiningSubstructuresMultipleConnections_IMAC2008.pdf Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures with Multiple Connections],” 26th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVI), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2008. M. S. Allen & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Mayes-ExpCMS-IMAC2007.pdf Comparison of FRF and Modal Methods for Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures],” 25th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXV), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2006. D. J. Rixen, "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2003.12.014 A dual Craig–Bampton method for dynamic substructuring]," Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, vol. 168, pp. 383–391 July 2004. A. Sestieri, P. Salvini & W. D'Ambrogio "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0888-3270(91)90013-U Reducing scatter from derived rotational data to determine the frequency response function of connected structures],". Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 5, pp. 25-44, Jan. 1991. [[Category:Info]] 42783dbf7618be088191b8c60d3fe8e16972a9a3 427 426 2014-02-12T17:43:09Z WDAmbrogio 11 /* By Date */ wikitext text/x-wiki Below is a list of papers and journals related to dynamics substructruing, feel free to add links of your own! == By Date == M. S. Allen, D. C. Kammer, and R. L. Mayes, "[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Kammer-Mayes--CMSUncouplingMetrics-IMAC2011final.pdf Metrics for Diagnosing Negative Mass and Stiffness when Uncoupling Experimental and Analytical Substructures]," in 29th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXIX) Jacksonville, Florida, 2011. M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.007 Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. M. S. Allen, H. M. Gindlin & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Gindlin-Mayes--FixedBaseCMS-IMAC2010.pdf Experimental Modal Substructuring to Extract Fixed-Base Modes from a Substructure Attached to a Flexible Fixture],” 28th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVIII), Jacksonville, Florida, Feb. 1-4, 2010. D. De Klerk, D. J. Rixen, and S. N. Voormeeren. "[http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.33274 General Framework for Dynamic Substructuring: History, Review and Classification of Techniques]", AIAA Journal, Vol. 46, No. 5 (2008), pp. 1169-1181. R. L. Mayes, P. S. Hunter, T. W. Simmermacher & M. S. Allen, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Mayes-etal-CombiningSubstructuresMultipleConnections_IMAC2008.pdf Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures with Multiple Connections],” 26th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVI), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2008. M. S. Allen & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Mayes-ExpCMS-IMAC2007.pdf Comparison of FRF and Modal Methods for Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures],” 25th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXV), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2006. W. D'Ambrogio & A. Sestieri "[http://alessandria.cineca.it/index.php/home/allegati/alessandria_id/1567771 A unified approach to substructuring and structural modification problems]," Shock and Vibration, vol. 11, pp. 295-309, 2004 D. J. Rixen, "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2003.12.014 A dual Craig–Bampton method for dynamic substructuring]," Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, vol. 168, pp. 383–391 July 2004. A. Sestieri, P. Salvini & W. D'Ambrogio "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0888-3270(91)90013-U Reducing scatter from derived rotational data to determine the frequency response function of connected structures],". Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 5, pp. 25-44, Jan. 1991. [[Category:Info]] 8a4b7bd80f58e6d5f255b6eec39f896486dbd669 428 427 2014-02-12T17:46:48Z WDAmbrogio 11 /* By Date */ wikitext text/x-wiki Below is a list of papers and journals related to dynamics substructruing, feel free to add links of your own! == By Date == M. S. Allen, D. C. Kammer, and R. L. Mayes, "[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Kammer-Mayes--CMSUncouplingMetrics-IMAC2011final.pdf Metrics for Diagnosing Negative Mass and Stiffness when Uncoupling Experimental and Analytical Substructures]," in 29th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXIX) Jacksonville, Florida, 2011. M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.007 Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. M. S. Allen, H. M. Gindlin & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Gindlin-Mayes--FixedBaseCMS-IMAC2010.pdf Experimental Modal Substructuring to Extract Fixed-Base Modes from a Substructure Attached to a Flexible Fixture],” 28th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVIII), Jacksonville, Florida, Feb. 1-4, 2010. D. De Klerk, D. J. Rixen, and S. N. Voormeeren. "[http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.33274 General Framework for Dynamic Substructuring: History, Review and Classification of Techniques]", AIAA Journal, Vol. 46, No. 5 (2008), pp. 1169-1181. R. L. Mayes, P. S. Hunter, T. W. Simmermacher & M. S. Allen, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Mayes-etal-CombiningSubstructuresMultipleConnections_IMAC2008.pdf Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures with Multiple Connections],” 26th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVI), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2008. M. S. Allen & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Mayes-ExpCMS-IMAC2007.pdf Comparison of FRF and Modal Methods for Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures],” 25th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXV), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2006. W. D'Ambrogio & A. Sestieri "https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Walter_DAmbrogio/publications/?pubType=article&ev=prf_pubs_art A unified approach to substructuring and structural modification problems]," Shock and Vibration, vol. 11, pp. 295-309, 2004 D. J. Rixen, "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2003.12.014 A dual Craig–Bampton method for dynamic substructuring]," Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, vol. 168, pp. 383–391 July 2004. A. Sestieri, P. Salvini & W. D'Ambrogio "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0888-3270(91)90013-U Reducing scatter from derived rotational data to determine the frequency response function of connected structures],". Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 5, pp. 25-44, Jan. 1991. [[Category:Info]] 1ef66f6cd83f79bbadc0909465db590a237b1b58 429 428 2014-02-12T17:48:15Z WDAmbrogio 11 /* By Date */ wikitext text/x-wiki Below is a list of papers and journals related to dynamics substructruing, feel free to add links of your own! == By Date == M. S. Allen, D. C. Kammer, and R. L. Mayes, "[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Kammer-Mayes--CMSUncouplingMetrics-IMAC2011final.pdf Metrics for Diagnosing Negative Mass and Stiffness when Uncoupling Experimental and Analytical Substructures]," in 29th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXIX) Jacksonville, Florida, 2011. M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.007 Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. M. S. Allen, H. M. Gindlin & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Gindlin-Mayes--FixedBaseCMS-IMAC2010.pdf Experimental Modal Substructuring to Extract Fixed-Base Modes from a Substructure Attached to a Flexible Fixture],” 28th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVIII), Jacksonville, Florida, Feb. 1-4, 2010. D. De Klerk, D. J. Rixen, and S. N. Voormeeren. "[http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.33274 General Framework for Dynamic Substructuring: History, Review and Classification of Techniques]", AIAA Journal, Vol. 46, No. 5 (2008), pp. 1169-1181. R. L. Mayes, P. S. Hunter, T. W. Simmermacher & M. S. Allen, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Mayes-etal-CombiningSubstructuresMultipleConnections_IMAC2008.pdf Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures with Multiple Connections],” 26th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVI), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2008. M. S. Allen & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Mayes-ExpCMS-IMAC2007.pdf Comparison of FRF and Modal Methods for Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures],” 25th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXV), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2006. W. D'Ambrogio & A. Sestieri "[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Walter_DAmbrogio/publication/230886134_A_unified_approach_to_substructuring_and_structural_modification_problems/file/d912f513aefc36a52a.pdf?ev=pub_int_doc_dl&origin=publication_list&inViewer=true A unified approach to substructuring and structural modification problems]," Shock and Vibration, vol. 11, pp. 295-309, 2004 D. J. Rixen, "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2003.12.014 A dual Craig–Bampton method for dynamic substructuring]," Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, vol. 168, pp. 383–391 July 2004. A. Sestieri, P. Salvini & W. D'Ambrogio "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0888-3270(91)90013-U Reducing scatter from derived rotational data to determine the frequency response function of connected structures],". Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 5, pp. 25-44, Jan. 1991. [[Category:Info]] 873c7054f04dcdc37617dc5fe719e697957e1cc6 431 429 2014-02-14T11:31:28Z WDAmbrogio 11 /* By Date */ wikitext text/x-wiki Below is a list of papers and journals related to dynamics substructruing, feel free to add links of your own! == By Date == M. S. Allen, D. C. Kammer, and R. L. Mayes, "[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Kammer-Mayes--CMSUncouplingMetrics-IMAC2011final.pdf Metrics for Diagnosing Negative Mass and Stiffness when Uncoupling Experimental and Analytical Substructures]," in 29th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXIX) Jacksonville, Florida, 2011. W. D'Ambrogio & A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2010.05.007 The role of interface DoFs in decoupling of substructures based on the dual domain decomposition]," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 24, pp. 2035-2048, 2010. M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.007 Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. M. S. Allen, H. M. Gindlin & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Gindlin-Mayes--FixedBaseCMS-IMAC2010.pdf Experimental Modal Substructuring to Extract Fixed-Base Modes from a Substructure Attached to a Flexible Fixture],” 28th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVIII), Jacksonville, Florida, Feb. 1-4, 2010. D. De Klerk, D. J. Rixen, and S. N. Voormeeren. "[http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.33274 General Framework for Dynamic Substructuring: History, Review and Classification of Techniques]", AIAA Journal, Vol. 46, No. 5 (2008), pp. 1169-1181. R. L. Mayes, P. S. Hunter, T. W. Simmermacher & M. S. Allen, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Mayes-etal-CombiningSubstructuresMultipleConnections_IMAC2008.pdf Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures with Multiple Connections],” 26th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVI), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2008. M. S. Allen & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Mayes-ExpCMS-IMAC2007.pdf Comparison of FRF and Modal Methods for Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures],” 25th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXV), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2006. W. D'Ambrogio & A. Sestieri "[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Walter_DAmbrogio/publication/230886134_A_unified_approach_to_substructuring_and_structural_modification_problems/file/d912f513aefc36a52a.pdf?ev=pub_int_doc_dl&origin=publication_list&inViewer=true A unified approach to substructuring and structural modification problems]," Shock and Vibration, vol. 11, pp. 295-309, 2004 D. J. Rixen, "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2003.12.014 A dual Craig–Bampton method for dynamic substructuring]," Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, vol. 168, pp. 383–391 July 2004. A. Sestieri, P. Salvini & W. D'Ambrogio "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0888-3270(91)90013-U Reducing scatter from derived rotational data to determine the frequency response function of connected structures],". Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 5, pp. 25-44, Jan. 1991. [[Category:Info]] 4cd1a50a027e1a3d147fff817ca4a3513426c5c4 432 431 2014-02-14T11:34:18Z WDAmbrogio 11 /* By Date */ wikitext text/x-wiki Below is a list of papers and journals related to dynamics substructruing, feel free to add links of your own! == By Date == W D'Ambrogio & A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2013.11.007 Inverse dynamic substructuring using the direct hybrid assembly in the frequency domain]," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 45, pp. 360-377, 2014. M. S. Allen, D. C. Kammer, and R. L. Mayes, "[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Kammer-Mayes--CMSUncouplingMetrics-IMAC2011final.pdf Metrics for Diagnosing Negative Mass and Stiffness when Uncoupling Experimental and Analytical Substructures]," in 29th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXIX) Jacksonville, Florida, 2011. W. D'Ambrogio & A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2010.05.007 The role of interface DoFs in decoupling of substructures based on the dual domain decomposition]," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 24, pp. 2035-2048, 2010. M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.007 Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. M. S. Allen, H. M. Gindlin & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Gindlin-Mayes--FixedBaseCMS-IMAC2010.pdf Experimental Modal Substructuring to Extract Fixed-Base Modes from a Substructure Attached to a Flexible Fixture],” 28th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVIII), Jacksonville, Florida, Feb. 1-4, 2010. D. De Klerk, D. J. Rixen, and S. N. Voormeeren. "[http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.33274 General Framework for Dynamic Substructuring: History, Review and Classification of Techniques]", AIAA Journal, Vol. 46, No. 5 (2008), pp. 1169-1181. R. L. Mayes, P. S. Hunter, T. W. Simmermacher & M. S. Allen, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Mayes-etal-CombiningSubstructuresMultipleConnections_IMAC2008.pdf Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures with Multiple Connections],” 26th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVI), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2008. M. S. Allen & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Mayes-ExpCMS-IMAC2007.pdf Comparison of FRF and Modal Methods for Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures],” 25th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXV), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2006. W. D'Ambrogio & A. Sestieri "[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Walter_DAmbrogio/publication/230886134_A_unified_approach_to_substructuring_and_structural_modification_problems/file/d912f513aefc36a52a.pdf?ev=pub_int_doc_dl&origin=publication_list&inViewer=true A unified approach to substructuring and structural modification problems]," Shock and Vibration, vol. 11, pp. 295-309, 2004 D. J. Rixen, "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2003.12.014 A dual Craig–Bampton method for dynamic substructuring]," Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, vol. 168, pp. 383–391 July 2004. A. Sestieri, P. Salvini & W. D'Ambrogio "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0888-3270(91)90013-U Reducing scatter from derived rotational data to determine the frequency response function of connected structures],". Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 5, pp. 25-44, Jan. 1991. [[Category:Info]] ee099957569ef775aa77dbcf1a11b485d69c7d7f 433 432 2014-02-14T11:37:15Z WDAmbrogio 11 /* By Date */ wikitext text/x-wiki Below is a list of papers and journals related to dynamics substructruing, feel free to add links of your own! == By Date == W D'Ambrogio & A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2013.11.007 Inverse dynamic substructuring using the direct hybrid assembly in the frequency domain]," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 45, pp. 360-377, 2014. M. S. Allen, D. C. Kammer, and R. L. Mayes, "[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Kammer-Mayes--CMSUncouplingMetrics-IMAC2011final.pdf Metrics for Diagnosing Negative Mass and Stiffness when Uncoupling Experimental and Analytical Substructures]," in 29th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXIX) Jacksonville, Florida, 2011. W. D'Ambrogio & A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2010.05.007 The role of interface DoFs in decoupling of substructures based on the dual domain decomposition]," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 24, pp. 2035-2048, 2010. M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.007 Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. M. S. Allen, H. M. Gindlin & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Gindlin-Mayes--FixedBaseCMS-IMAC2010.pdf Experimental Modal Substructuring to Extract Fixed-Base Modes from a Substructure Attached to a Flexible Fixture],” 28th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVIII), Jacksonville, Florida, Feb. 1-4, 2010. D. De Klerk, D. J. Rixen, and S. N. Voormeeren. "[http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.33274 General Framework for Dynamic Substructuring: History, Review and Classification of Techniques]", AIAA Journal, Vol. 46, No. 5 (2008), pp. 1169-1181. R. L. Mayes, P. S. Hunter, T. W. Simmermacher & M. S. Allen, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Mayes-etal-CombiningSubstructuresMultipleConnections_IMAC2008.pdf Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures with Multiple Connections],” 26th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVI), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2008. M. S. Allen & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Mayes-ExpCMS-IMAC2007.pdf Comparison of FRF and Modal Methods for Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures],” 25th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXV), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2006. W. D'Ambrogio & A. Sestieri "[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Walter_DAmbrogio/publication/230886134_A_unified_approach_to_substructuring_and_structural_modification_problems/file/d912f513aefc36a52a.pdf?ev=pub_int_doc_dl&origin=publication_list&inViewer=true A unified approach to substructuring and structural modification problems]," Shock and Vibration, vol. 11, pp. 295-309, 2004 D. J. Rixen, "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2003.12.014 A dual Craig–Bampton method for dynamic substructuring]," Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, vol. 168, pp. 383–391 July 2004. A. Sestieri, P. Salvini & W. D'Ambrogio "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0888-3270(91)90013-U Reducing scatter from derived rotational data to determine the frequency response function of connected structures],". Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 5, pp. 25-44, Jan. 1991. [[Category:Info]] 0f8c8c7a029a09db8cc6070cfc32716f096e394a 435 433 2014-02-15T11:43:12Z WDAmbrogio 11 /* By Date */ wikitext text/x-wiki Below is a list of papers and journals related to dynamics substructruing, feel free to add links of your own! == By Date == W D'Ambrogio and A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2013.11.007 Inverse dynamic substructuring using the direct hybrid assembly in the frequency domain]," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 45, pp. 360-377, 2014. M. S. Allen, D. C. Kammer, and R. L. Mayes, "[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Kammer-Mayes--CMSUncouplingMetrics-IMAC2011final.pdf Metrics for Diagnosing Negative Mass and Stiffness when Uncoupling Experimental and Analytical Substructures]," in 29th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXIX) Jacksonville, Florida, 2011. W. D'Ambrogio and A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2010.05.007 The role of interface DoFs in decoupling of substructures based on the dual domain decomposition]," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 24, pp. 2035-2048, 2010. M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.007 Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. M. S. Allen, H. M. Gindlin & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Gindlin-Mayes--FixedBaseCMS-IMAC2010.pdf Experimental Modal Substructuring to Extract Fixed-Base Modes from a Substructure Attached to a Flexible Fixture],” 28th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVIII), Jacksonville, Florida, Feb. 1-4, 2010. D. De Klerk, D. J. Rixen, and S. N. Voormeeren. "[http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.33274 General Framework for Dynamic Substructuring: History, Review and Classification of Techniques]", AIAA Journal, Vol. 46, No. 5 (2008), pp. 1169-1181. R. L. Mayes, P. S. Hunter, T. W. Simmermacher & M. S. Allen, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Mayes-etal-CombiningSubstructuresMultipleConnections_IMAC2008.pdf Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures with Multiple Connections],” 26th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVI), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2008. M. S. Allen & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Mayes-ExpCMS-IMAC2007.pdf Comparison of FRF and Modal Methods for Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures],” 25th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXV), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2006. W. D'Ambrogio and A. Sestieri "[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Walter_DAmbrogio/publication/230886134_A_unified_approach_to_substructuring_and_structural_modification_problems/file/d912f513aefc36a52a.pdf?ev=pub_int_doc_dl&origin=publication_list&inViewer=true A unified approach to substructuring and structural modification problems]," Shock and Vibration, vol. 11, pp. 295-309, 2004 D. J. Rixen, "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2003.12.014 A dual Craig–Bampton method for dynamic substructuring]," Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, vol. 168, pp. 383–391 July 2004. A. Sestieri, P. Salvini and W. D'Ambrogio "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0888-3270(91)90013-U Reducing scatter from derived rotational data to determine the frequency response function of connected structures],". Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 5, pp. 25-44, Jan. 1991. [[Category:Info]] e3818d2cd3e119319d9b90b6941c73ada4ab6a1b 8 4 396 387 2013-12-23T21:58:06Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki * navigation ** mainpage|mainpage-description ** recentchanges-url|recentchanges ** randompage-url|randompage * Contributors ** Atomic Weapons Establishment|AWE ** Sandia National Laboratories|Sandia Labs ** University of Massachusetts at Lowell|UMass Lowell ** Wisconsin|Wisconsin ** Chalmers University|Chalmers ** University of Stuttgart|Stuttgart ** TU Delft|TU Delft ** L'Aquila|L'Aquila * Content ** Category:Experiments|Experiments ** Category:Models|Models ** Category:Calculations|Calculations ** Category:Info|Knowledge Base * SEARCH * TOOLBOX * LANGUAGES 32110d543269fdf190454df60d17a131967586bd 6 128 404 2014-01-30T14:27:01Z SEngelhe 13 iges geometry file of the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine wikitext text/x-wiki iges geometry file of the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine 9b82a7bf1d25b95c308db61e6d2975aa93fe4399 6 129 405 2014-01-30T14:28:13Z SEngelhe 13 step file of the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine wikitext text/x-wiki step file of the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine 4bb2b270d812c3bae777ee7d73284ec46504fda8 437 405 2014-02-19T13:31:26Z SEngelhe 13 uploaded a new version of &quot;[[File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar]]&quot; wikitext text/x-wiki step file of the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine 4bb2b270d812c3bae777ee7d73284ec46504fda8 0 19 406 22 2014-01-30T14:51:33Z SEngelhe 13 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Ampair 600 Wind Turbine Model== contains *Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] c374a7f642e8db26ce6f682edfe52e3f6594e711 408 406 2014-01-30T15:02:11Z SEngelhe 13 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Ampair 600 Wind Turbine Model== contains *Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] *Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN. [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] 466a6dd0474cd6fb675118145046fd06c67641f5 409 408 2014-01-30T15:04:43Z SEngelhe 13 wikitext text/x-wiki Institute of Applied and Experimental Mechanics, University of Stuttgart ==Ampair 600 Wind Turbine Model== *Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] *Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN. [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] edb6243375de4c1b6a11b6a22f9fb9bd6e0a6e4a 410 409 2014-01-30T15:05:40Z SEngelhe 13 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Ampair 600 Wind Turbine Model== *Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] *Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN. [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] b55be67d37ccfd679afac86cfd63d765675d47f7 411 410 2014-01-30T15:06:14Z SEngelhe 13 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Ampair 600 Wind Turbine model== *Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] *Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN. [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] fffc37ce84a6e18025ddb5f884469807b4c2131e 420 411 2014-02-03T14:52:57Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Ampair 600 Wind Turbine model== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 where they updated a finite element model to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed here. The models used are posted below. *Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] *Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN. [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] 9c1258999d82fc4d7cc0f2a77ef3efaf73f9fde0 422 420 2014-02-03T14:59:33Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Ampair 600 Wind Turbine model== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 where they updated a finite element model to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted below. *Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] *Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN. [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] 8b817ef6ed2d451351461a1d3488caf2b53fbd06 439 422 2014-02-19T14:07:41Z SEngelhe 13 /* Ampair 600 Wind Turbine model */ wikitext text/x-wiki ==Ampair 600 Wind Turbine model== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 where they updated a finite element model to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted below. <gallery> File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png| {...} </gallery> *Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] *Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN. [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] ea420846055d2900c3aea047a94425ecfd57e5e2 440 439 2014-02-19T14:10:55Z SEngelhe 13 /* Ampair 600 Wind Turbine model */ wikitext text/x-wiki ==Ampair 600 Wind Turbine model== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 where they updated a finite element model to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted below. ==CAD Model== <gallery> File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png| {...} </gallery> *Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] ==Solver Input File== *Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN. [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] 327150f63727f8d79cf4d9fb1fa01e3014ee1209 442 440 2014-02-24T15:07:13Z SEngelhe 13 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Ampair 600 Wind Turbine Model== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 where they updated a finite element model to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted below. ==Experimental Results== <gallery> File:Blade_first bending mode.gif| {...} </gallery> ==CAD Model== <gallery> File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png| {...} </gallery> *Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] ==Solver Input File== *Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN. [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] 275f0f2d639e8ca018d8c1ec7e5ee66b2ad6c770 6 130 407 2014-01-30T14:58:46Z SEngelhe 13 Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN wikitext text/x-wiki Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN 5d4a89ac45035640a4b9f456b69f48b7e9ac54a0 6 131 413 2014-01-31T17:15:12Z MSAllen 1 Slides and Matlab examples for short course given prior to IMAC 2014 wikitext text/x-wiki Slides and Matlab examples for short course given prior to IMAC 2014 8039e94b55e253c7ebe90381a20f178b127e3e07 6 132 418 2014-02-01T05:16:31Z MSAllen 1 Slides and Matlab Examples for IMAC 2014 short course on experimental/analytical substructuring wikitext text/x-wiki Slides and Matlab Examples for IMAC 2014 short course on experimental/analytical substructuring aacb5ca1e40b6cf7f42e9359717b98f09619e64f 6 133 421 2014-02-03T14:58:39Z MSAllen 1 Model Updating of the Ampair Wind Turbine Substructures J. Gross, T. Oberhardt, P. Reuss, L. Gaul, University of Stuttgart The modified Ampair 600 is a small size wind turbine which acts as a model to apply substructuring methods in simulation and e wikitext text/x-wiki Model Updating of the Ampair Wind Turbine Substructures J. Gross, T. Oberhardt, P. Reuss, L. Gaul, University of Stuttgart The modified Ampair 600 is a small size wind turbine which acts as a model to apply substructuring methods in simulation and experiment. The assembly consists of several substructures having very different material properties. Since the parameters of these materials are unknown, model updating is applied to the substructures to obtain validated finite element models. Based on experimentally determined modal parameters the finite element models are adapted to achieve acceptable vibration behavior. Therefore, an objective function consisting of the deviation of the eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors is used to determine Young's modulus, density and Poisson's ratio of each material. In this contribution the finite element models of the substructures are presented. The models are established from CAD models based on manual measurements of the geometry. Identified parameters are given and the resulting correlation is considered. ec113d9289131a9755af3f134918133af5f233ca 0 17 423 348 2014-02-03T15:21:38Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|right|50px|link=http://wisc.edu]] ==Overview== The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine.<br clear="all"> <gallery> File:UW_2Blade_Turbine.JPG| File:UW Full Turbine Points.JPG| File:UW Blade Back.JPG File:UW NoBlade Turbine Front.jpg {...} </gallery> ==Experiments Performed== *Tests Performed Fall 2011 **[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] **[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *Tests performed by Dan Rohe (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia) **[[Full Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[Hub + 3 Blades]] (forthcoming) **[[Tower + Hub]] (forthcoming) == Calculations Performed == * Substructuring of UW-Madison Test Results (~Fall 2011) **[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) **[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) * Substructuring of Sandia Test Results (Summer 2012) **[[Hub+blades to Hub+Tower]] (forthcoming) **Paper Describing This: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf] == Summary of Ampair Tests == * Dan Rohe's thesis contains an excellent discussion of the experiments performed at UW-Madison and the difficulties encountered. A second set of tests was performed at Sandia (will post that data when we are able) and far better results were obtained. His thesis is available below. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/19/RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf] == Links == *[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/ Matt Allen's Home Page] *[http://www.engr.wisc.edu/ College of Engineering Homepage] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Broken Links]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] [[Virginia Tech]] 6c7b0f5b95dee2639aab31a541fd14fd9b33688a 0 134 424 2014-02-03T15:25:36Z Droettgen 44 Created page with "Link to Website: [http://www.m.vt.edu/vtsil Virginia Tech Smart Infrastructure Laboratory] [[Category:Contributor]]" wikitext text/x-wiki Link to Website: [http://www.m.vt.edu/vtsil Virginia Tech Smart Infrastructure Laboratory] [[Category:Contributor]] 8c9ce8277c2d72d014e4eed6e014acc445921930 0 95 425 368 2014-02-12T17:26:17Z WDAmbrogio 11 /* The following compressed (rar) file contains: */ wikitext text/x-wiki ==The following compressed (rar) file contains:== *A geometry file (stp) of the blade, corrected in order to take out fillets. It still has some defects (curvature changes) at the tip of the blade: in that area the mesh has to be adjusted manually; *A NASTRAN model using four nodes solid elements: the material is considered to be isotropic and the material properties were selected so as to fit natural frequencies identifed by UML. [[:File:LAquila_AMPAIR_BLADE.rar|NASTRAN Model of Blade]] Contributed by [http://scholar.google.it/citations?user=ZFFqsksAAAAJ Walter D'Ambrogio] from the University of L'Aquila. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] 4e1f1b4b4e38e74de1f1ac0b1680056ab01ad2fe 430 425 2014-02-14T11:21:39Z WDAmbrogio 11 wikitext text/x-wiki The group at University of L'Aquila strictly cooperates with the group at University of Rome "La Sapienza". ==The following compressed (rar) file contains:== *A geometry file (stp) of the blade, corrected in order to take out fillets. It still has some defects (curvature changes) at the tip of the blade: in that area the mesh has to be adjusted manually; *A NASTRAN model using four nodes solid elements: the material is considered to be isotropic and the material properties were selected so as to fit natural frequencies identifed by UML. [[:File:LAquila_AMPAIR_BLADE.rar|NASTRAN Model of Blade]] Contributed by [http://scholar.google.it/citations?user=ZFFqsksAAAAJ Walter D'Ambrogio] from the University of L'Aquila. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] 1e6247ddfdc803510f9e4e48e183106c6abde829 6 137 441 2014-02-24T15:05:38Z SEngelhe 13 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 443 441 2014-02-24T15:16:16Z SEngelhe 13 uploaded a new version of &quot;[[File:Blade first bending mode.gif]]&quot; wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 138 444 2014-03-13T12:36:21Z SEngelhe 13 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 445 444 2014-03-13T12:42:06Z SEngelhe 13 uploaded a new version of &quot;[[File:130,6 1,1672%.JPG]]&quot; wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 0 19 451 442 2014-03-14T15:41:22Z SEngelhe 13 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Ampair 600 Wind Turbine Model== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 where they updated a finite element model to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted below. ==Experimental Results== Results from the modal analysis measurement on the blade under clamped condition. <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> ==CAD Model== <gallery> File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png| {...} </gallery> *Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] ==Solver Input File== *Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN. [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] f8aed9ec3df0017b9fb5f4fa079232b89b1c7035 452 451 2014-03-14T18:58:28Z SEngelhe 13 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Ampair 600 Wind Turbine Model== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 where they updated a finite element model to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted below. ==Experimental Results== Results from the modal analysis measurement of a blade under clamped condition. <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> ==CAD Model== <gallery> File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png| {...} </gallery> *Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] ==Solver Input File== *Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN. [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] fa1fa10a0d2a0fcb2aa8dc5cd1f457f6a3f0314f 460 452 2014-03-17T11:38:40Z SEngelhe 13 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Ampair 600 Wind Turbine Model== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 where they updated a finite element model to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted below. ==Experimental Results== Results from the modal analysis measurement of a blade under free boundary condition. <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> Results from the modal analysis measurement of a blade under clamped condition. <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> ==CAD Model== <gallery> File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png| {...} </gallery> *Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] ==Solver Input File== *Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN. [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] f8dcfeffc34c68113d5396001e1adb2bcc444b42 462 460 2014-03-17T12:01:57Z SEngelhe 13 /* Experimental Results */ wikitext text/x-wiki ==Ampair 600 Wind Turbine Model== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 where they updated a finite element model to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted below. ==Experimental Results== All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *EMA of the single blades (free free condition) <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> *EMA of the single blades (clamped condition) <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> ==CAD Model== <gallery> File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png| {...} </gallery> *Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] ==Solver Input File== *Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN. [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] 0811c1b230f9f03e4122481d5fe8f14fd340dc17 469 462 2014-03-17T12:26:31Z SEngelhe 13 /* Experimental Results */ wikitext text/x-wiki ==Ampair 600 Wind Turbine Model== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 where they updated a finite element model to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted below. ==Experimental Results== All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *EMA of the single blades (free free condition) <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> *EMA of the single blades (clamped condition) <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> *EMA of the rotor assembly For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> ==CAD Model== <gallery> File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png| {...} </gallery> *Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] ==Solver Input File== *Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN. [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] 5999a160e1313e64e8d3be3407c6c13d6a81acc6 472 469 2014-03-17T12:33:19Z SEngelhe 13 /* Experimental Results */ wikitext text/x-wiki ==Ampair 600 Wind Turbine Model== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 where they updated a finite element model to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted below. ==Experimental Results== All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *EMA of the single blades (free free condition) <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> *EMA of the single blades (clamped condition) <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> *EMA of the rotor assembly For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> ==CAD Model== <gallery> File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png| {...} </gallery> *Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] ==Solver Input File== *Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN. [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] 7b37bbd45118b8cd2c3129be08a2ff3b68ca8c2a 475 472 2014-03-17T13:11:22Z SEngelhe 13 /* Experimental Results */ wikitext text/x-wiki ==Ampair 600 Wind Turbine Model== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 where they updated a finite element model to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted below. ==Experimental Results== All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *EMA of the single blades (free free condition) [[File:Free Free boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> *EMA of the single blades (clamped condition) For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> *EMA of the rotor assembly For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> ==CAD Model== <gallery> File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png| {...} </gallery> *Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] ==Solver Input File== *Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN. [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] ab548edd8e3b633e752f1ff103641e9e7262dfc1 476 475 2014-03-17T13:36:31Z SEngelhe 13 /* Experimental Results */ wikitext text/x-wiki ==Ampair 600 Wind Turbine Model== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 where they updated a finite element model to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted below. ==Experimental Results== All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' [[File:Free Free boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==CAD Model== <gallery> File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png| {...} </gallery> *Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] ==Solver Input File== *Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN. [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] d2235f1c3590ffba29863222dfecd788a8f0e1b4 477 476 2014-03-17T13:42:00Z SEngelhe 13 /* Experimental Results */ wikitext text/x-wiki ==Ampair 600 Wind Turbine Model== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 where they updated a finite element model to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted below. ==Experimental Results== All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' [[File:Free Free boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==CAD Model== <gallery> File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png| {...} </gallery> *Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] ==Solver Input File== *Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN. [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] dc61071d33a250d6db250b9ed31dadbb74ccd3b4 478 477 2014-03-17T13:59:20Z SEngelhe 13 /* Experimental Results */ wikitext text/x-wiki ==Ampair 600 Wind Turbine Model== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 where they updated a finite element model to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted below. ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a string which is attached to a frame. [[File:Free Free boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints are presented. These measurements verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==CAD Model== <gallery> File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png| {...} </gallery> *Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] ==Solver Input File== *Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN. [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] 87fd751b65185e903936940c26ba6cdfd06db619 479 478 2014-03-17T14:01:10Z SEngelhe 13 /* Experimental Results */ wikitext text/x-wiki ==Ampair 600 Wind Turbine Model== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 where they updated a finite element model to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted below. ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a string which is attached to a frame. [[File:Free Free boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==CAD Model== <gallery> File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png| {...} </gallery> *Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] ==Solver Input File== *Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN. [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] c7dd52742243dbe9b6c76f01f86698c764a2a83b 480 479 2014-03-17T15:12:27Z SEngelhe 13 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a string which is attached to a frame. [[File:Free Free boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==Modeling of the Substructures== The assembly of the wind turbine consists of many different parts. Those parts have different material parameters and are connected to each other in various ways. Since the influence of each individual part on the overall dynamics is unknown, all parts are modeled such that individual material parameters can be given to reach the best matching between simulation and experiment. The first step toward a finite element model which is able to capture the dynamics of the system is to know the geometry. Therefore, the dimensions of the real parts were recorded manually and converted into CAD models. Based on the geometry, a finite element model of the blade was established. Due to the complicated shape of the blade the geometry is divided in different sections which can be meshed individually. *'''CAD Model''' <gallery> File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png| {...} </gallery> Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] ==Solver Input File== *'''Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN.''' [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] ==Ampair 600 Wind Turbine Model== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 where they updated a finite element model to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted on this page. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] 88b7a1aef1da1a6780663f62d19e43082177f4cb 481 480 2014-03-17T15:14:01Z SEngelhe 13 /* Ampair 600 Wind Turbine Model */ wikitext text/x-wiki ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a string which is attached to a frame. [[File:Free Free boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==Modeling of the Substructures== The assembly of the wind turbine consists of many different parts. Those parts have different material parameters and are connected to each other in various ways. Since the influence of each individual part on the overall dynamics is unknown, all parts are modeled such that individual material parameters can be given to reach the best matching between simulation and experiment. The first step toward a finite element model which is able to capture the dynamics of the system is to know the geometry. Therefore, the dimensions of the real parts were recorded manually and converted into CAD models. Based on the geometry, a finite element model of the blade was established. Due to the complicated shape of the blade the geometry is divided in different sections which can be meshed individually. *'''CAD Model''' <gallery> File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png| {...} </gallery> Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] ==Solver Input File== *'''Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN.''' [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] ==IMAC 2014== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 where they updated a finite element model to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted on this page. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] 1a8b1df027766b3491d284e699ea9403a257bb36 484 481 2014-03-17T15:24:03Z SEngelhe 13 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a string which is attached to a frame. [[File:Free Free boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==Modeling of the Substructures== The assembly of the wind turbine consists of many different parts. Those parts have different material parameters and are connected to each other in various ways. Since the influence of each individual part on the overall dynamics is unknown, all parts are modeled such that individual material parameters can be given to reach the best matching between simulation and experiment. The first step toward a finite element model which is able to capture the dynamics of the system is to know the geometry. Therefore, the dimensions of the real parts were recorded manually and converted into CAD models. [[File:Details of the hub model.png|150px]][[File:Turbine assembly parts.png|150px]] *'''CAD Model''' [[File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png|80px]] Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] ==Solver Input File== *'''Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN.''' [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] ==IMAC 2014== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 where they updated a finite element model to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted on this page. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] f8b9be9af4245320e2ff5de422d81d33f2917f2e 486 484 2014-03-17T15:30:02Z SEngelhe 13 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uni stuttgart.jpg|right|100px]] ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a string which is attached to a frame. [[File:Free Free boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==Modeling of the Substructures== The assembly of the wind turbine consists of many different parts. Those parts have different material parameters and are connected to each other in various ways. Since the influence of each individual part on the overall dynamics is unknown, all parts are modeled such that individual material parameters can be given to reach the best matching between simulation and experiment. The first step toward a finite element model which is able to capture the dynamics of the system is to know the geometry. Therefore, the dimensions of the real parts were recorded manually and converted into CAD models. [[File:Details of the hub model.png|150px]][[File:Turbine assembly parts.png|150px]] *'''CAD Model''' [[File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png|80px]] Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] ==Solver Input File== *'''Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN.''' [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] ==IMAC 2014== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 where they updated a finite element model to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted on this page. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] 23ab3954df1ec455d35191fab10c95856c3b56fa 487 486 2014-03-17T15:41:19Z SEngelhe 13 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uni stuttgart.jpg|right|100px]] The assembly of the Ampair 600 wind turbine consists of several substructures with very different material properties. Since the parameters of these materials are unknown, model updating is applied to the substructures to obtain validated finite element models. Based on experimentally determined modal parameters, the finite element models are adapted to achieve acceptable vibration behaviour. Therefore, an objective function consisting of the deviation of the eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors is used to determine Young's modulus, density and Poisson's ratio of each material. ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a string which is attached to a frame. [[File:Free Free boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==Modeling of the Substructures== The assembly of the wind turbine consists of many different parts. Those parts have different material parameters and are connected to each other in various ways. Since the influence of each individual part on the overall dynamics is unknown, all parts are modeled such that individual material parameters can be given to reach the best matching between simulation and experiment. The first step toward a finite element model which is able to capture the dynamics of the system is to know the geometry. Therefore, the dimensions of the real parts were recorded manually and converted into CAD models. [[File:Details of the hub model.png|150px]][[File:Turbine assembly parts.png|150px]] *'''CAD Model''' [[File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png|80px]] Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] ==Solver Input File== *'''Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN.''' [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] ==IMAC 2014== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 where they updated a finite element model to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted on this page. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] 18000d4b921a20ef3c119b02c115d9f0aa269fb9 488 487 2014-03-17T15:46:41Z SEngelhe 13 /* IMAC 2014 */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uni stuttgart.jpg|right|100px]] The assembly of the Ampair 600 wind turbine consists of several substructures with very different material properties. Since the parameters of these materials are unknown, model updating is applied to the substructures to obtain validated finite element models. Based on experimentally determined modal parameters, the finite element models are adapted to achieve acceptable vibration behaviour. Therefore, an objective function consisting of the deviation of the eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors is used to determine Young's modulus, density and Poisson's ratio of each material. ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a string which is attached to a frame. [[File:Free Free boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==Modeling of the Substructures== The assembly of the wind turbine consists of many different parts. Those parts have different material parameters and are connected to each other in various ways. Since the influence of each individual part on the overall dynamics is unknown, all parts are modeled such that individual material parameters can be given to reach the best matching between simulation and experiment. The first step toward a finite element model which is able to capture the dynamics of the system is to know the geometry. Therefore, the dimensions of the real parts were recorded manually and converted into CAD models. [[File:Details of the hub model.png|150px]][[File:Turbine assembly parts.png|150px]] *'''CAD Model''' [[File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png|80px]] Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] ==Solver Input File== *'''Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN.''' [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] ==IMAC 2014== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 in which a finite element model is updated to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted on this page. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] 12cd22276a6152d8cd808456069b8491c616d509 489 488 2014-03-17T15:49:54Z SEngelhe 13 /* Experimental Results */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uni stuttgart.jpg|right|100px]] The assembly of the Ampair 600 wind turbine consists of several substructures with very different material properties. Since the parameters of these materials are unknown, model updating is applied to the substructures to obtain validated finite element models. Based on experimentally determined modal parameters, the finite element models are adapted to achieve acceptable vibration behaviour. Therefore, an objective function consisting of the deviation of the eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors is used to determine Young's modulus, density and Poisson's ratio of each material. ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a string, which is attached to a frame. [[File:Free Free boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==Modeling of the Substructures== The assembly of the wind turbine consists of many different parts. Those parts have different material parameters and are connected to each other in various ways. Since the influence of each individual part on the overall dynamics is unknown, all parts are modeled such that individual material parameters can be given to reach the best matching between simulation and experiment. The first step toward a finite element model which is able to capture the dynamics of the system is to know the geometry. Therefore, the dimensions of the real parts were recorded manually and converted into CAD models. [[File:Details of the hub model.png|150px]][[File:Turbine assembly parts.png|150px]] *'''CAD Model''' [[File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png|80px]] Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] ==Solver Input File== *'''Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN.''' [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] ==IMAC 2014== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 in which a finite element model is updated to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted on this page. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] 91f9f841621b58aa6b3259fbe54320c4d04e730a 496 489 2014-03-24T14:52:39Z SEngelhe 13 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uni stuttgart.jpg|right|100px]] The assembly of the Ampair 600 wind turbine consists of several substructures with very different material properties. Since the parameters of these materials are unknown, model updating is applied to the substructures to obtain validated finite element models. Based on experimentally determined modal parameters, the finite element models are adapted to achieve acceptable vibration behaviour. Therefore, an objective function consisting of the deviation of the eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors is used to determine Young's modulus, density and Poisson's ratio of each material. ==Introduction== Dynamic Substructuring methods offer the possibility to model high order finite element models in an efficient way [1]. A separated representation of the dynamics of the participated substructures enables the application of model reduction methods like the Craig-Bampton method and a later assembly of the different parts by Component Mode Synthesis (CMS). Therefore, the degrees of freedom (DoF) can be reduced drastically. Additionally, a validation of the components can be done individually in a more efficient way. In order to get validated finite element models, model updating methods [2] can be applied to identify material parameters. For example measured modal parameters can be provided to an optimization such that the deviation of the simulation model can be minimized automatically. Within this contribution such a model updating procedure is presented. ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters [3]. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a string, which is attached to a frame. [[File:Free Free boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==Modeling of the Substructures== The assembly of the wind turbine consists of many different parts. Those parts have different material parameters and are connected to each other in various ways. Since the influence of each individual part on the overall dynamics is unknown, all parts are modeled such that individual material parameters can be given to reach the best matching between simulation and experiment. The first step toward a finite element model which is able to capture the dynamics of the system is to know the geometry. Therefore, the dimensions of the real parts were recorded manually and converted into CAD models. [[File:Details of the hub model.png|150px]][[File:Turbine assembly parts.png|150px]] *'''CAD Model''' [[File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png|80px]] Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] *'''Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN.''' [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] ==Model Updating== Model updating is a method to adjust parameters of a simulation model automatically so that it matches the dynamic behavior of the measured part. In the present case the modal parameters from the experiments are used as reference to find material parameters for the finite element model. For this purpose an objective function is created which includes the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies and -vectors. Reaching a good result in optimization strongly depends on the quality of the finite element model. Since the finite element models themselves contain uncertainties with respect to the real parts a good agreement for all eigenfrequnecies and -vectors could be unachievable. To counteract this problem a weighted sum is introduced which offers more variability for a good compromise of all considered modes. The weighted sum can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ1.png|170px]], where '''''x''''' is the n-dimensional vector of the parameters to be updated, ''f'' represents the single objective functions, ''w'' is the vector with the weighting factors and ''m'' the number of the considered objective functions. In the present case the overall objective function ''J'' is composed of two functions. One represents the frequencies and the other the eigenvectors such that ''J'' can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ2.png|150px]]. The weighted sum of the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies is denoted by ::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ3.png|220px]], and the deviation of the eigenvectors in form of weighted MAC values [3] is described by :::::::::::::[[File:EQ4.1.png|190px]] with [[File:EQ4.2.png|350px]]. For the optimization the Optimisation Toolbox of MATLAB is used. The finite element model is imported into MATLAB using the Structural Dynamics Toolbox [4] and reassembled in every iteration step. An eigenvalue analysis is operated and the deviations are calculated with the eigenfrequencies and -vectors extracted and imported from the modal analysis. ==Results== The proposed method is applied to the finite element model of the blade. In a preliminary set up, the optimization algorithm proposes the following set of material parameters: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter (foam) !! Value !! Unit |- | Young's modulus || 500 || MPa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0,2 || - |- | Density || 1*10^-9 || t/mm^3 |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter (carbon) !! Value !! Unit |- | Young's modulus || 1*10^5 || MPa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0,5 || - |- | Density || 1,5*10^-8 || t/mm^3 |} Using these material parameters the eigenfrequencies listed in the table below are obtained. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || first bending || 48,4 || Hz |- | 2 || second bending || 134,32 || Hz |- | 3 || first torsional || 220,14 || Hz |- | 4 || third bending || 254,07 || Hz |} The results reveal that for the bending modes a quite good accordance can be reached while the eigenfrequency of the torsional mode shows slight deviation. ==Conclusion== Within this contribution a method to identify parameters for the finite element models of the Ampair 600 wind turbine is presented. Therefore, measurements for the blades in free and clamped boundary conditions were established as well as for the hub assembly. The modal parameters were extracted and provided to a model updating routine. The model updating uses finite element models which were constructed based on the CAD models of the parts. Further effort will be made to identify parameters of the whole assembly. Additional measurements and simulations will be done to be able to apply substructuring methods on the wind turbine. ==IMAC 2014== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 in which a finite element model is updated to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted on this page. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] ==References== [[File:References.png|800px]] 3bed8af36924e4820d224e54a10d1ef33666c85a 502 496 2014-05-28T13:02:33Z SEngelhe 13 /* Modeling of the Substructures */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uni stuttgart.jpg|right|100px]] The assembly of the Ampair 600 wind turbine consists of several substructures with very different material properties. Since the parameters of these materials are unknown, model updating is applied to the substructures to obtain validated finite element models. Based on experimentally determined modal parameters, the finite element models are adapted to achieve acceptable vibration behaviour. Therefore, an objective function consisting of the deviation of the eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors is used to determine Young's modulus, density and Poisson's ratio of each material. ==Introduction== Dynamic Substructuring methods offer the possibility to model high order finite element models in an efficient way [1]. A separated representation of the dynamics of the participated substructures enables the application of model reduction methods like the Craig-Bampton method and a later assembly of the different parts by Component Mode Synthesis (CMS). Therefore, the degrees of freedom (DoF) can be reduced drastically. Additionally, a validation of the components can be done individually in a more efficient way. In order to get validated finite element models, model updating methods [2] can be applied to identify material parameters. For example measured modal parameters can be provided to an optimization such that the deviation of the simulation model can be minimized automatically. Within this contribution such a model updating procedure is presented. ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters [3]. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a string, which is attached to a frame. [[File:Free Free boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==Modeling of the Substructures== The assembly of the wind turbine consists of many different parts. Those parts have different material parameters and are connected to each other in various ways. Since the influence of each individual part on the overall dynamics is unknown, all parts are modeled such that individual material parameters can be given to reach the best matching between simulation and experiment. The first step toward a finite element model which is able to capture the dynamics of the system is to know the geometry. Therefore, the dimensions of the real parts were recorded manually and converted into CAD models. [[File:Details of the hub model.png|250px]][[File:Turbine assembly parts.png|250px]] Based on the geometry a finite element model of the blade was established. Due to the complicated shape of the blade the geometry is divided in different sections which can be meshed differently. The yellow region includes the edges which are sharp-ended. This section is finely meshed. The pink section however is meshed more coarse. The clamping area denoted by the cyan color contains many transitions and is meshed again more accurately. [[File:Geometry_model_of_the_blade_with_measurement_points.png|300px]][[File:Finite_element_model_for_model_updating.png|250px]] The real blade consists of two different materials. The outer layer of the blade is made of carbon fiber reinforced plastic with a thickness of approximately 2 mm. This material is represented in the model by a layer of linear shell elements where a constant thickness of also 2 mm is assumed. The interior of the blade in contrast is made of a structural foam and is represented by linear solid elements. Due to the complex shape of the blade mainly tetrahedron elements are used for the interior. An intersection of the blade is given in the picture below on the right. [[File:Zoom_on_the_clamping_of_the_blade.png|250px]][[File:Intersection_of_the_blade.png|250px]] The hub of the wind turbine is a complex part which has numerous components. An intersection of the finite element model can be seen in the picture below. The components are modeled individually and are assembled using compatibility conditions at the contact surfaces. In addition to the parts, which can be seen in the intersection, the epoxy resin is modeled for the sake of completeness. In further investigationsmeasurements of the hub assembly will be established and a model updating will be performed. [[File:Mesh_of_the_hub_assembly.png|300px]] *'''CAD Model''' [[File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png|80px]] Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] *'''Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN.''' [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] ==Model Updating== Model updating is a method to adjust parameters of a simulation model automatically so that it matches the dynamic behavior of the measured part. In the present case the modal parameters from the experiments are used as reference to find material parameters for the finite element model. For this purpose an objective function is created which includes the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies and -vectors. Reaching a good result in optimization strongly depends on the quality of the finite element model. Since the finite element models themselves contain uncertainties with respect to the real parts a good agreement for all eigenfrequnecies and -vectors could be unachievable. To counteract this problem a weighted sum is introduced which offers more variability for a good compromise of all considered modes. The weighted sum can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ1.png|170px]], where '''''x''''' is the n-dimensional vector of the parameters to be updated, ''f'' represents the single objective functions, ''w'' is the vector with the weighting factors and ''m'' the number of the considered objective functions. In the present case the overall objective function ''J'' is composed of two functions. One represents the frequencies and the other the eigenvectors such that ''J'' can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ2.png|150px]]. The weighted sum of the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies is denoted by ::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ3.png|220px]], and the deviation of the eigenvectors in form of weighted MAC values [3] is described by :::::::::::::[[File:EQ4.1.png|190px]] with [[File:EQ4.2.png|350px]]. For the optimization the Optimisation Toolbox of MATLAB is used. The finite element model is imported into MATLAB using the Structural Dynamics Toolbox [4] and reassembled in every iteration step. An eigenvalue analysis is operated and the deviations are calculated with the eigenfrequencies and -vectors extracted and imported from the modal analysis. ==Results== The proposed method is applied to the finite element model of the blade. In a preliminary set up, the optimization algorithm proposes the following set of material parameters: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter (foam) !! Value !! Unit |- | Young's modulus || 500 || MPa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0,2 || - |- | Density || 1*10^-9 || t/mm^3 |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter (carbon) !! Value !! Unit |- | Young's modulus || 1*10^5 || MPa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0,5 || - |- | Density || 1,5*10^-8 || t/mm^3 |} Using these material parameters the eigenfrequencies listed in the table below are obtained. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || first bending || 48,4 || Hz |- | 2 || second bending || 134,32 || Hz |- | 3 || first torsional || 220,14 || Hz |- | 4 || third bending || 254,07 || Hz |} The results reveal that for the bending modes a quite good accordance can be reached while the eigenfrequency of the torsional mode shows slight deviation. ==Conclusion== Within this contribution a method to identify parameters for the finite element models of the Ampair 600 wind turbine is presented. Therefore, measurements for the blades in free and clamped boundary conditions were established as well as for the hub assembly. The modal parameters were extracted and provided to a model updating routine. The model updating uses finite element models which were constructed based on the CAD models of the parts. Further effort will be made to identify parameters of the whole assembly. Additional measurements and simulations will be done to be able to apply substructuring methods on the wind turbine. ==IMAC 2014== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 in which a finite element model is updated to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted on this page. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] ==References== [[File:References.png|800px]] 3800468390dd3cc2e1280b780580e08441547952 505 502 2014-06-03T11:39:19Z SEngelhe 13 /* Experimental Results */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uni stuttgart.jpg|right|100px]] The assembly of the Ampair 600 wind turbine consists of several substructures with very different material properties. Since the parameters of these materials are unknown, model updating is applied to the substructures to obtain validated finite element models. Based on experimentally determined modal parameters, the finite element models are adapted to achieve acceptable vibration behaviour. Therefore, an objective function consisting of the deviation of the eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors is used to determine Young's modulus, density and Poisson's ratio of each material. ==Introduction== Dynamic Substructuring methods offer the possibility to model high order finite element models in an efficient way [1]. A separated representation of the dynamics of the participated substructures enables the application of model reduction methods like the Craig-Bampton method and a later assembly of the different parts by Component Mode Synthesis (CMS). Therefore, the degrees of freedom (DoF) can be reduced drastically. Additionally, a validation of the components can be done individually in a more efficient way. In order to get validated finite element models, model updating methods [2] can be applied to identify material parameters. For example measured modal parameters can be provided to an optimization such that the deviation of the simulation model can be minimized automatically. Within this contribution such a model updating procedure is presented. ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters [3]. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a string, which is attached to a frame. [[File:Free Free boundary condition of the blade.jpg|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==Modeling of the Substructures== The assembly of the wind turbine consists of many different parts. Those parts have different material parameters and are connected to each other in various ways. Since the influence of each individual part on the overall dynamics is unknown, all parts are modeled such that individual material parameters can be given to reach the best matching between simulation and experiment. The first step toward a finite element model which is able to capture the dynamics of the system is to know the geometry. Therefore, the dimensions of the real parts were recorded manually and converted into CAD models. [[File:Details of the hub model.png|250px]][[File:Turbine assembly parts.png|250px]] Based on the geometry a finite element model of the blade was established. Due to the complicated shape of the blade the geometry is divided in different sections which can be meshed differently. The yellow region includes the edges which are sharp-ended. This section is finely meshed. The pink section however is meshed more coarse. The clamping area denoted by the cyan color contains many transitions and is meshed again more accurately. [[File:Geometry_model_of_the_blade_with_measurement_points.png|300px]][[File:Finite_element_model_for_model_updating.png|250px]] The real blade consists of two different materials. The outer layer of the blade is made of carbon fiber reinforced plastic with a thickness of approximately 2 mm. This material is represented in the model by a layer of linear shell elements where a constant thickness of also 2 mm is assumed. The interior of the blade in contrast is made of a structural foam and is represented by linear solid elements. Due to the complex shape of the blade mainly tetrahedron elements are used for the interior. An intersection of the blade is given in the picture below on the right. [[File:Zoom_on_the_clamping_of_the_blade.png|250px]][[File:Intersection_of_the_blade.png|250px]] The hub of the wind turbine is a complex part which has numerous components. An intersection of the finite element model can be seen in the picture below. The components are modeled individually and are assembled using compatibility conditions at the contact surfaces. In addition to the parts, which can be seen in the intersection, the epoxy resin is modeled for the sake of completeness. In further investigationsmeasurements of the hub assembly will be established and a model updating will be performed. [[File:Mesh_of_the_hub_assembly.png|300px]] *'''CAD Model''' [[File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png|80px]] Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] *'''Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN.''' [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] ==Model Updating== Model updating is a method to adjust parameters of a simulation model automatically so that it matches the dynamic behavior of the measured part. In the present case the modal parameters from the experiments are used as reference to find material parameters for the finite element model. For this purpose an objective function is created which includes the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies and -vectors. Reaching a good result in optimization strongly depends on the quality of the finite element model. Since the finite element models themselves contain uncertainties with respect to the real parts a good agreement for all eigenfrequnecies and -vectors could be unachievable. To counteract this problem a weighted sum is introduced which offers more variability for a good compromise of all considered modes. The weighted sum can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ1.png|170px]], where '''''x''''' is the n-dimensional vector of the parameters to be updated, ''f'' represents the single objective functions, ''w'' is the vector with the weighting factors and ''m'' the number of the considered objective functions. In the present case the overall objective function ''J'' is composed of two functions. One represents the frequencies and the other the eigenvectors such that ''J'' can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ2.png|150px]]. The weighted sum of the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies is denoted by ::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ3.png|220px]], and the deviation of the eigenvectors in form of weighted MAC values [3] is described by :::::::::::::[[File:EQ4.1.png|190px]] with [[File:EQ4.2.png|350px]]. For the optimization the Optimisation Toolbox of MATLAB is used. The finite element model is imported into MATLAB using the Structural Dynamics Toolbox [4] and reassembled in every iteration step. An eigenvalue analysis is operated and the deviations are calculated with the eigenfrequencies and -vectors extracted and imported from the modal analysis. ==Results== The proposed method is applied to the finite element model of the blade. In a preliminary set up, the optimization algorithm proposes the following set of material parameters: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter (foam) !! Value !! Unit |- | Young's modulus || 500 || MPa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0,2 || - |- | Density || 1*10^-9 || t/mm^3 |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter (carbon) !! Value !! Unit |- | Young's modulus || 1*10^5 || MPa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0,5 || - |- | Density || 1,5*10^-8 || t/mm^3 |} Using these material parameters the eigenfrequencies listed in the table below are obtained. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || first bending || 48,4 || Hz |- | 2 || second bending || 134,32 || Hz |- | 3 || first torsional || 220,14 || Hz |- | 4 || third bending || 254,07 || Hz |} The results reveal that for the bending modes a quite good accordance can be reached while the eigenfrequency of the torsional mode shows slight deviation. ==Conclusion== Within this contribution a method to identify parameters for the finite element models of the Ampair 600 wind turbine is presented. Therefore, measurements for the blades in free and clamped boundary conditions were established as well as for the hub assembly. The modal parameters were extracted and provided to a model updating routine. The model updating uses finite element models which were constructed based on the CAD models of the parts. Further effort will be made to identify parameters of the whole assembly. Additional measurements and simulations will be done to be able to apply substructuring methods on the wind turbine. ==IMAC 2014== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 in which a finite element model is updated to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted on this page. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] ==References== [[File:References.png|800px]] 083fb77695d3dd7c91621389dc44c13563ad5a29 506 505 2014-06-03T11:40:17Z SEngelhe 13 /* Experimental Results */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uni stuttgart.jpg|right|100px]] The assembly of the Ampair 600 wind turbine consists of several substructures with very different material properties. Since the parameters of these materials are unknown, model updating is applied to the substructures to obtain validated finite element models. Based on experimentally determined modal parameters, the finite element models are adapted to achieve acceptable vibration behaviour. Therefore, an objective function consisting of the deviation of the eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors is used to determine Young's modulus, density and Poisson's ratio of each material. ==Introduction== Dynamic Substructuring methods offer the possibility to model high order finite element models in an efficient way [1]. A separated representation of the dynamics of the participated substructures enables the application of model reduction methods like the Craig-Bampton method and a later assembly of the different parts by Component Mode Synthesis (CMS). Therefore, the degrees of freedom (DoF) can be reduced drastically. Additionally, a validation of the components can be done individually in a more efficient way. In order to get validated finite element models, model updating methods [2] can be applied to identify material parameters. For example measured modal parameters can be provided to an optimization such that the deviation of the simulation model can be minimized automatically. Within this contribution such a model updating procedure is presented. ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters [3]. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a wire, which is attached to a frame. [[File:Free Free boundary condition of the blade.jpg|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==Modeling of the Substructures== The assembly of the wind turbine consists of many different parts. Those parts have different material parameters and are connected to each other in various ways. Since the influence of each individual part on the overall dynamics is unknown, all parts are modeled such that individual material parameters can be given to reach the best matching between simulation and experiment. The first step toward a finite element model which is able to capture the dynamics of the system is to know the geometry. Therefore, the dimensions of the real parts were recorded manually and converted into CAD models. [[File:Details of the hub model.png|250px]][[File:Turbine assembly parts.png|250px]] Based on the geometry a finite element model of the blade was established. Due to the complicated shape of the blade the geometry is divided in different sections which can be meshed differently. The yellow region includes the edges which are sharp-ended. This section is finely meshed. The pink section however is meshed more coarse. The clamping area denoted by the cyan color contains many transitions and is meshed again more accurately. [[File:Geometry_model_of_the_blade_with_measurement_points.png|300px]][[File:Finite_element_model_for_model_updating.png|250px]] The real blade consists of two different materials. The outer layer of the blade is made of carbon fiber reinforced plastic with a thickness of approximately 2 mm. This material is represented in the model by a layer of linear shell elements where a constant thickness of also 2 mm is assumed. The interior of the blade in contrast is made of a structural foam and is represented by linear solid elements. Due to the complex shape of the blade mainly tetrahedron elements are used for the interior. An intersection of the blade is given in the picture below on the right. [[File:Zoom_on_the_clamping_of_the_blade.png|250px]][[File:Intersection_of_the_blade.png|250px]] The hub of the wind turbine is a complex part which has numerous components. An intersection of the finite element model can be seen in the picture below. The components are modeled individually and are assembled using compatibility conditions at the contact surfaces. In addition to the parts, which can be seen in the intersection, the epoxy resin is modeled for the sake of completeness. In further investigationsmeasurements of the hub assembly will be established and a model updating will be performed. [[File:Mesh_of_the_hub_assembly.png|300px]] *'''CAD Model''' [[File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png|80px]] Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] *'''Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN.''' [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] ==Model Updating== Model updating is a method to adjust parameters of a simulation model automatically so that it matches the dynamic behavior of the measured part. In the present case the modal parameters from the experiments are used as reference to find material parameters for the finite element model. For this purpose an objective function is created which includes the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies and -vectors. Reaching a good result in optimization strongly depends on the quality of the finite element model. Since the finite element models themselves contain uncertainties with respect to the real parts a good agreement for all eigenfrequnecies and -vectors could be unachievable. To counteract this problem a weighted sum is introduced which offers more variability for a good compromise of all considered modes. The weighted sum can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ1.png|170px]], where '''''x''''' is the n-dimensional vector of the parameters to be updated, ''f'' represents the single objective functions, ''w'' is the vector with the weighting factors and ''m'' the number of the considered objective functions. In the present case the overall objective function ''J'' is composed of two functions. One represents the frequencies and the other the eigenvectors such that ''J'' can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ2.png|150px]]. The weighted sum of the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies is denoted by ::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ3.png|220px]], and the deviation of the eigenvectors in form of weighted MAC values [3] is described by :::::::::::::[[File:EQ4.1.png|190px]] with [[File:EQ4.2.png|350px]]. For the optimization the Optimisation Toolbox of MATLAB is used. The finite element model is imported into MATLAB using the Structural Dynamics Toolbox [4] and reassembled in every iteration step. An eigenvalue analysis is operated and the deviations are calculated with the eigenfrequencies and -vectors extracted and imported from the modal analysis. ==Results== The proposed method is applied to the finite element model of the blade. In a preliminary set up, the optimization algorithm proposes the following set of material parameters: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter (foam) !! Value !! Unit |- | Young's modulus || 500 || MPa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0,2 || - |- | Density || 1*10^-9 || t/mm^3 |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter (carbon) !! Value !! Unit |- | Young's modulus || 1*10^5 || MPa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0,5 || - |- | Density || 1,5*10^-8 || t/mm^3 |} Using these material parameters the eigenfrequencies listed in the table below are obtained. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || first bending || 48,4 || Hz |- | 2 || second bending || 134,32 || Hz |- | 3 || first torsional || 220,14 || Hz |- | 4 || third bending || 254,07 || Hz |} The results reveal that for the bending modes a quite good accordance can be reached while the eigenfrequency of the torsional mode shows slight deviation. ==Conclusion== Within this contribution a method to identify parameters for the finite element models of the Ampair 600 wind turbine is presented. Therefore, measurements for the blades in free and clamped boundary conditions were established as well as for the hub assembly. The modal parameters were extracted and provided to a model updating routine. The model updating uses finite element models which were constructed based on the CAD models of the parts. Further effort will be made to identify parameters of the whole assembly. Additional measurements and simulations will be done to be able to apply substructuring methods on the wind turbine. ==IMAC 2014== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 in which a finite element model is updated to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted on this page. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] ==References== [[File:References.png|800px]] cb76ccc7826329554d0604dfac92b231d9d5597c 514 506 2015-01-27T14:25:49Z SEngelhe 13 /* Modeling of the Substructures */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uni stuttgart.jpg|right|100px]] The assembly of the Ampair 600 wind turbine consists of several substructures with very different material properties. Since the parameters of these materials are unknown, model updating is applied to the substructures to obtain validated finite element models. Based on experimentally determined modal parameters, the finite element models are adapted to achieve acceptable vibration behaviour. Therefore, an objective function consisting of the deviation of the eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors is used to determine Young's modulus, density and Poisson's ratio of each material. ==Introduction== Dynamic Substructuring methods offer the possibility to model high order finite element models in an efficient way [1]. A separated representation of the dynamics of the participated substructures enables the application of model reduction methods like the Craig-Bampton method and a later assembly of the different parts by Component Mode Synthesis (CMS). Therefore, the degrees of freedom (DoF) can be reduced drastically. Additionally, a validation of the components can be done individually in a more efficient way. In order to get validated finite element models, model updating methods [2] can be applied to identify material parameters. For example measured modal parameters can be provided to an optimization such that the deviation of the simulation model can be minimized automatically. Within this contribution such a model updating procedure is presented. ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters [3]. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a wire, which is attached to a frame. [[File:Free Free boundary condition of the blade.jpg|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==Modeling of the Substructures== The assembly of the wind turbine consists of many different parts. Those parts have different material parameters and are connected to each other in various ways. Since the influence of each individual part on the overall dynamics is unknown, all parts are modeled such that individual material parameters can be given to reach the best matching between simulation and experiment. The first step toward a finite element model which is able to capture the dynamics of the system is to know the geometry. Therefore, the dimensions of the real parts were recorded manually and converted into CAD models. [[File:Details of the hub model.png|250px]][[File:Turbine assembly parts.png|250px]] *'''Blade Model''' Based on the geometry a finite element model of the blade was established. Due to the complicated shape the geometry is divided in an upper and lower part of the blade and the flange. The outer layer defined by these three sections is the composite part of the blade surrounding the foam core. Each section can be meshed individually. [[File:Geometry_model_of_the_blade_with_measurement_points.png|300px]][[File:Finite_element_model_for_model_updating.png|250px]] The real blade consists of two different materials. The outer layer of the blade is made of glass fiber reinforced plastic with a thickness of approximately 2 mm. This material is represented in the model by a layer of linear shell elements where a constant thickness of also 2 mm is assumed. The interior of the blade in contrast is made of a structural foam and is represented by linear solid elements. Due to the complex shape of the blade mainly tetrahedron elements are used for the interior. An intersection of the blade is given in the picture below on the right. [[File:Zoom_on_the_clamping_of_the_blade.png|250px]][[File:Intersection_of_the_blade.png|250px]] *'''Hub Model''' The hub of the wind turbine is a complex part which has numerous components. An intersection of the finite element model can be seen in the picture below. The components are modeled individually and are assembled using compatibility conditions at the contact surfaces. In addition to the parts, which can be seen in the intersection, the epoxy resin is modeled for the sake of completeness. In further investigationsmeasurements of the hub assembly will be established and a model updating will be performed. [[File:Mesh_of_the_hub_assembly.png|300px]] *'''CAD Assembly Model''' [[File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png|80px]] Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] *'''Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN.''' [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] ==Model Updating== Model updating is a method to adjust parameters of a simulation model automatically so that it matches the dynamic behavior of the measured part. In the present case the modal parameters from the experiments are used as reference to find material parameters for the finite element model. For this purpose an objective function is created which includes the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies and -vectors. Reaching a good result in optimization strongly depends on the quality of the finite element model. Since the finite element models themselves contain uncertainties with respect to the real parts a good agreement for all eigenfrequnecies and -vectors could be unachievable. To counteract this problem a weighted sum is introduced which offers more variability for a good compromise of all considered modes. The weighted sum can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ1.png|170px]], where '''''x''''' is the n-dimensional vector of the parameters to be updated, ''f'' represents the single objective functions, ''w'' is the vector with the weighting factors and ''m'' the number of the considered objective functions. In the present case the overall objective function ''J'' is composed of two functions. One represents the frequencies and the other the eigenvectors such that ''J'' can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ2.png|150px]]. The weighted sum of the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies is denoted by ::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ3.png|220px]], and the deviation of the eigenvectors in form of weighted MAC values [3] is described by :::::::::::::[[File:EQ4.1.png|190px]] with [[File:EQ4.2.png|350px]]. For the optimization the Optimisation Toolbox of MATLAB is used. The finite element model is imported into MATLAB using the Structural Dynamics Toolbox [4] and reassembled in every iteration step. An eigenvalue analysis is operated and the deviations are calculated with the eigenfrequencies and -vectors extracted and imported from the modal analysis. ==Results== The proposed method is applied to the finite element model of the blade. In a preliminary set up, the optimization algorithm proposes the following set of material parameters: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter (foam) !! Value !! Unit |- | Young's modulus || 500 || MPa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0,2 || - |- | Density || 1*10^-9 || t/mm^3 |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter (carbon) !! Value !! Unit |- | Young's modulus || 1*10^5 || MPa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0,5 || - |- | Density || 1,5*10^-8 || t/mm^3 |} Using these material parameters the eigenfrequencies listed in the table below are obtained. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || first bending || 48,4 || Hz |- | 2 || second bending || 134,32 || Hz |- | 3 || first torsional || 220,14 || Hz |- | 4 || third bending || 254,07 || Hz |} The results reveal that for the bending modes a quite good accordance can be reached while the eigenfrequency of the torsional mode shows slight deviation. ==Conclusion== Within this contribution a method to identify parameters for the finite element models of the Ampair 600 wind turbine is presented. Therefore, measurements for the blades in free and clamped boundary conditions were established as well as for the hub assembly. The modal parameters were extracted and provided to a model updating routine. The model updating uses finite element models which were constructed based on the CAD models of the parts. Further effort will be made to identify parameters of the whole assembly. Additional measurements and simulations will be done to be able to apply substructuring methods on the wind turbine. ==IMAC 2014== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 in which a finite element model is updated to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted on this page. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] ==References== [[File:References.png|800px]] 997dc8bafc536b6a068f51ed2d4be53593f4cbea 517 514 2015-01-27T14:32:29Z SEngelhe 13 /* Modeling of the Substructures */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uni stuttgart.jpg|right|100px]] The assembly of the Ampair 600 wind turbine consists of several substructures with very different material properties. Since the parameters of these materials are unknown, model updating is applied to the substructures to obtain validated finite element models. Based on experimentally determined modal parameters, the finite element models are adapted to achieve acceptable vibration behaviour. Therefore, an objective function consisting of the deviation of the eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors is used to determine Young's modulus, density and Poisson's ratio of each material. ==Introduction== Dynamic Substructuring methods offer the possibility to model high order finite element models in an efficient way [1]. A separated representation of the dynamics of the participated substructures enables the application of model reduction methods like the Craig-Bampton method and a later assembly of the different parts by Component Mode Synthesis (CMS). Therefore, the degrees of freedom (DoF) can be reduced drastically. Additionally, a validation of the components can be done individually in a more efficient way. In order to get validated finite element models, model updating methods [2] can be applied to identify material parameters. For example measured modal parameters can be provided to an optimization such that the deviation of the simulation model can be minimized automatically. Within this contribution such a model updating procedure is presented. ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters [3]. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a wire, which is attached to a frame. [[File:Free Free boundary condition of the blade.jpg|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==Modeling of the Substructures== The assembly of the wind turbine consists of many different parts. Those parts have different material parameters and are connected to each other in various ways. Since the influence of each individual part on the overall dynamics is unknown, all parts are modeled such that individual material parameters can be given to reach the best matching between simulation and experiment. The first step toward a finite element model which is able to capture the dynamics of the system is to know the geometry. Therefore, the dimensions of the real parts were recorded manually and converted into CAD models. [[File:Details of the hub model.png|200px]][[File:Turbine assembly parts.png|200px]] *'''Blade Model''' Based on the geometry a finite element model of the blade was established. Due to the complicated shape the geometry is divided in an upper (green) and lower part (red) of the blade and the flange (blue). The outer layer defined by these three sections is the composite part of the blade surrounding the foam core (yellow). Each section can be meshed individually. [[File:Upper_side.png|250px]] [[File:Lower_side.png|227px]] The real blade consists of two different materials. The outer layer of the blade is made of glass fiber reinforced plastic with a thickness of approximately 2 mm. This material is represented in the model by a layer of linear shell elements where a constant thickness of also 2 mm is assumed. The interior of the blade in contrast is made of a structural foam and is represented by linear solid elements. Due to the complex shape of the blade mainly tetrahedron elements are used for the interior. An intersection of the blade is given in the picture below on the right. [[File:Zoom_on_the_clamping_of_the_blade.png|250px]][[File:Intersection_of_the_blade.png|250px]] *'''Hub Model''' The hub of the wind turbine is a complex part which has numerous components. An intersection of the finite element model can be seen in the picture below. The components are modeled individually and are assembled using compatibility conditions at the contact surfaces. In addition to the parts, which can be seen in the intersection, the epoxy resin is modeled for the sake of completeness. In further investigationsmeasurements of the hub assembly will be established and a model updating will be performed. [[File:Mesh_of_the_hub_assembly.png|300px]] *'''CAD Assembly Model''' [[File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png|80px]] Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] *'''Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN.''' [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] ==Model Updating== Model updating is a method to adjust parameters of a simulation model automatically so that it matches the dynamic behavior of the measured part. In the present case the modal parameters from the experiments are used as reference to find material parameters for the finite element model. For this purpose an objective function is created which includes the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies and -vectors. Reaching a good result in optimization strongly depends on the quality of the finite element model. Since the finite element models themselves contain uncertainties with respect to the real parts a good agreement for all eigenfrequnecies and -vectors could be unachievable. To counteract this problem a weighted sum is introduced which offers more variability for a good compromise of all considered modes. The weighted sum can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ1.png|170px]], where '''''x''''' is the n-dimensional vector of the parameters to be updated, ''f'' represents the single objective functions, ''w'' is the vector with the weighting factors and ''m'' the number of the considered objective functions. In the present case the overall objective function ''J'' is composed of two functions. One represents the frequencies and the other the eigenvectors such that ''J'' can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ2.png|150px]]. The weighted sum of the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies is denoted by ::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ3.png|220px]], and the deviation of the eigenvectors in form of weighted MAC values [3] is described by :::::::::::::[[File:EQ4.1.png|190px]] with [[File:EQ4.2.png|350px]]. For the optimization the Optimisation Toolbox of MATLAB is used. The finite element model is imported into MATLAB using the Structural Dynamics Toolbox [4] and reassembled in every iteration step. An eigenvalue analysis is operated and the deviations are calculated with the eigenfrequencies and -vectors extracted and imported from the modal analysis. ==Results== The proposed method is applied to the finite element model of the blade. In a preliminary set up, the optimization algorithm proposes the following set of material parameters: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter (foam) !! Value !! Unit |- | Young's modulus || 500 || MPa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0,2 || - |- | Density || 1*10^-9 || t/mm^3 |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter (carbon) !! Value !! Unit |- | Young's modulus || 1*10^5 || MPa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0,5 || - |- | Density || 1,5*10^-8 || t/mm^3 |} Using these material parameters the eigenfrequencies listed in the table below are obtained. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || first bending || 48,4 || Hz |- | 2 || second bending || 134,32 || Hz |- | 3 || first torsional || 220,14 || Hz |- | 4 || third bending || 254,07 || Hz |} The results reveal that for the bending modes a quite good accordance can be reached while the eigenfrequency of the torsional mode shows slight deviation. ==Conclusion== Within this contribution a method to identify parameters for the finite element models of the Ampair 600 wind turbine is presented. Therefore, measurements for the blades in free and clamped boundary conditions were established as well as for the hub assembly. The modal parameters were extracted and provided to a model updating routine. The model updating uses finite element models which were constructed based on the CAD models of the parts. Further effort will be made to identify parameters of the whole assembly. Additional measurements and simulations will be done to be able to apply substructuring methods on the wind turbine. ==IMAC 2014== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 in which a finite element model is updated to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted on this page. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] ==References== [[File:References.png|800px]] ab2b539eb71bf8177f5e7099fecfa817f6e7aaab 519 517 2015-01-27T14:43:33Z SEngelhe 13 /* Modeling of the Substructures */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uni stuttgart.jpg|right|100px]] The assembly of the Ampair 600 wind turbine consists of several substructures with very different material properties. Since the parameters of these materials are unknown, model updating is applied to the substructures to obtain validated finite element models. Based on experimentally determined modal parameters, the finite element models are adapted to achieve acceptable vibration behaviour. Therefore, an objective function consisting of the deviation of the eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors is used to determine Young's modulus, density and Poisson's ratio of each material. ==Introduction== Dynamic Substructuring methods offer the possibility to model high order finite element models in an efficient way [1]. A separated representation of the dynamics of the participated substructures enables the application of model reduction methods like the Craig-Bampton method and a later assembly of the different parts by Component Mode Synthesis (CMS). Therefore, the degrees of freedom (DoF) can be reduced drastically. Additionally, a validation of the components can be done individually in a more efficient way. In order to get validated finite element models, model updating methods [2] can be applied to identify material parameters. For example measured modal parameters can be provided to an optimization such that the deviation of the simulation model can be minimized automatically. Within this contribution such a model updating procedure is presented. ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters [3]. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a wire, which is attached to a frame. [[File:Free Free boundary condition of the blade.jpg|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==Modeling of the Substructures== The assembly of the wind turbine consists of many different parts. Those parts have different material parameters and are connected to each other in various ways. Since the influence of each individual part on the overall dynamics is unknown, all parts are modeled such that individual material parameters can be given to reach the best matching between simulation and experiment. The first step toward a finite element model which is able to capture the dynamics of the system is to know the geometry. Therefore, the dimensions of the real parts were recorded manually and converted into CAD models. [[File:Details of the hub model.png|200px]][[File:Turbine assembly parts.png|200px]] *'''Blade Model''' Based on the geometry a finite element model of the blade was established. Due to the complicated shape the geometry is divided in an upper (green) and lower part (red) of the blade and the flange (blue). The outer layer defined by these three sections is the composite part of the blade surrounding the foam core (yellow). Each section can be meshed individually. [[File:Upper_side.png|250px]] [[File:Lower_side.png|227px]] The real blade consists of two different materials. The outer layer of the blade is made of glass fiber reinforced plastic with a thickness of approximately 2 mm. This material is represented in the model by a layer of linear shell elements where a constant thickness of also 2 mm is assumed. The interior of the blade in contrast is made of a structural foam and is represented by linear solid elements. Due to the complex shape of the blade mainly tetrahedron elements are used for the interior. An intersection of the blade is given in the picture below. [[File:Intersection.png|250px]] *'''Hub Model''' The hub of the wind turbine is a complex part which has numerous components. An intersection of the finite element model can be seen in the picture below. The components are modeled individually and are assembled using compatibility conditions at the contact surfaces. In addition to the parts, which can be seen in the intersection, the epoxy resin is modeled for the sake of completeness. In further investigationsmeasurements of the hub assembly will be established and a model updating will be performed. [[File:Mesh_of_the_hub_assembly.png|300px]] *'''CAD Assembly Model''' [[File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png|80px]] Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] *'''Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN.''' [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] ==Model Updating== Model updating is a method to adjust parameters of a simulation model automatically so that it matches the dynamic behavior of the measured part. In the present case the modal parameters from the experiments are used as reference to find material parameters for the finite element model. For this purpose an objective function is created which includes the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies and -vectors. Reaching a good result in optimization strongly depends on the quality of the finite element model. Since the finite element models themselves contain uncertainties with respect to the real parts a good agreement for all eigenfrequnecies and -vectors could be unachievable. To counteract this problem a weighted sum is introduced which offers more variability for a good compromise of all considered modes. The weighted sum can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ1.png|170px]], where '''''x''''' is the n-dimensional vector of the parameters to be updated, ''f'' represents the single objective functions, ''w'' is the vector with the weighting factors and ''m'' the number of the considered objective functions. In the present case the overall objective function ''J'' is composed of two functions. One represents the frequencies and the other the eigenvectors such that ''J'' can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ2.png|150px]]. The weighted sum of the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies is denoted by ::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ3.png|220px]], and the deviation of the eigenvectors in form of weighted MAC values [3] is described by :::::::::::::[[File:EQ4.1.png|190px]] with [[File:EQ4.2.png|350px]]. For the optimization the Optimisation Toolbox of MATLAB is used. The finite element model is imported into MATLAB using the Structural Dynamics Toolbox [4] and reassembled in every iteration step. An eigenvalue analysis is operated and the deviations are calculated with the eigenfrequencies and -vectors extracted and imported from the modal analysis. ==Results== The proposed method is applied to the finite element model of the blade. In a preliminary set up, the optimization algorithm proposes the following set of material parameters: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter (foam) !! Value !! Unit |- | Young's modulus || 500 || MPa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0,2 || - |- | Density || 1*10^-9 || t/mm^3 |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter (carbon) !! Value !! Unit |- | Young's modulus || 1*10^5 || MPa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0,5 || - |- | Density || 1,5*10^-8 || t/mm^3 |} Using these material parameters the eigenfrequencies listed in the table below are obtained. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || first bending || 48,4 || Hz |- | 2 || second bending || 134,32 || Hz |- | 3 || first torsional || 220,14 || Hz |- | 4 || third bending || 254,07 || Hz |} The results reveal that for the bending modes a quite good accordance can be reached while the eigenfrequency of the torsional mode shows slight deviation. ==Conclusion== Within this contribution a method to identify parameters for the finite element models of the Ampair 600 wind turbine is presented. Therefore, measurements for the blades in free and clamped boundary conditions were established as well as for the hub assembly. The modal parameters were extracted and provided to a model updating routine. The model updating uses finite element models which were constructed based on the CAD models of the parts. Further effort will be made to identify parameters of the whole assembly. Additional measurements and simulations will be done to be able to apply substructuring methods on the wind turbine. ==IMAC 2014== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 in which a finite element model is updated to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted on this page. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] ==References== [[File:References.png|800px]] f3386fe92ea04360c1e288cab96b6cd69e5745dc 520 519 2015-01-27T14:44:57Z SEngelhe 13 /* Modeling of the Substructures */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uni stuttgart.jpg|right|100px]] The assembly of the Ampair 600 wind turbine consists of several substructures with very different material properties. Since the parameters of these materials are unknown, model updating is applied to the substructures to obtain validated finite element models. Based on experimentally determined modal parameters, the finite element models are adapted to achieve acceptable vibration behaviour. Therefore, an objective function consisting of the deviation of the eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors is used to determine Young's modulus, density and Poisson's ratio of each material. ==Introduction== Dynamic Substructuring methods offer the possibility to model high order finite element models in an efficient way [1]. A separated representation of the dynamics of the participated substructures enables the application of model reduction methods like the Craig-Bampton method and a later assembly of the different parts by Component Mode Synthesis (CMS). Therefore, the degrees of freedom (DoF) can be reduced drastically. Additionally, a validation of the components can be done individually in a more efficient way. In order to get validated finite element models, model updating methods [2] can be applied to identify material parameters. For example measured modal parameters can be provided to an optimization such that the deviation of the simulation model can be minimized automatically. Within this contribution such a model updating procedure is presented. ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters [3]. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a wire, which is attached to a frame. [[File:Free Free boundary condition of the blade.jpg|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==Modeling of the Substructures== The assembly of the wind turbine consists of many different parts. Those parts have different material parameters and are connected to each other in various ways. Since the influence of each individual part on the overall dynamics is unknown, all parts are modeled such that individual material parameters can be given to reach the best matching between simulation and experiment. The first step toward a finite element model which is able to capture the dynamics of the system is to know the geometry. Therefore, the dimensions of the real parts were recorded manually and converted into CAD models. [[File:Details of the hub model.png|200px]][[File:Turbine assembly parts.png|200px]] *'''Blade Model''' Based on the geometry a finite element model of the blade was established. Due to the complicated shape the geometry is divided in an upper (green) and lower part (red) of the blade and the flange (blue). The outer layer defined by these three sections is the composite part of the blade surrounding the foam core (yellow). Each section can be meshed individually. [[File:Upper_side.png|250px]] [[File:Lower_side.png|227px]] An intersection of the blade is given in the picture below. [[File:Intersection.png|250px]] The real blade consists of two different materials. The outer layer of the blade is made of glass fiber reinforced plastic with a thickness of approximately 2 to 3 mm. The interior of the blade in contrast is made of a structural foam and is represented by linear solid elements. *'''Hub Model''' The hub of the wind turbine is a complex part which has numerous components. An intersection of the finite element model can be seen in the picture below. The components are modeled individually and are assembled using compatibility conditions at the contact surfaces. In addition to the parts, which can be seen in the intersection, the epoxy resin is modeled for the sake of completeness. In further investigationsmeasurements of the hub assembly will be established and a model updating will be performed. [[File:Mesh_of_the_hub_assembly.png|300px]] *'''CAD Assembly Model''' [[File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png|80px]] Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] *'''Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN.''' [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] ==Model Updating== Model updating is a method to adjust parameters of a simulation model automatically so that it matches the dynamic behavior of the measured part. In the present case the modal parameters from the experiments are used as reference to find material parameters for the finite element model. For this purpose an objective function is created which includes the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies and -vectors. Reaching a good result in optimization strongly depends on the quality of the finite element model. Since the finite element models themselves contain uncertainties with respect to the real parts a good agreement for all eigenfrequnecies and -vectors could be unachievable. To counteract this problem a weighted sum is introduced which offers more variability for a good compromise of all considered modes. The weighted sum can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ1.png|170px]], where '''''x''''' is the n-dimensional vector of the parameters to be updated, ''f'' represents the single objective functions, ''w'' is the vector with the weighting factors and ''m'' the number of the considered objective functions. In the present case the overall objective function ''J'' is composed of two functions. One represents the frequencies and the other the eigenvectors such that ''J'' can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ2.png|150px]]. The weighted sum of the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies is denoted by ::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ3.png|220px]], and the deviation of the eigenvectors in form of weighted MAC values [3] is described by :::::::::::::[[File:EQ4.1.png|190px]] with [[File:EQ4.2.png|350px]]. For the optimization the Optimisation Toolbox of MATLAB is used. The finite element model is imported into MATLAB using the Structural Dynamics Toolbox [4] and reassembled in every iteration step. An eigenvalue analysis is operated and the deviations are calculated with the eigenfrequencies and -vectors extracted and imported from the modal analysis. ==Results== The proposed method is applied to the finite element model of the blade. In a preliminary set up, the optimization algorithm proposes the following set of material parameters: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter (foam) !! Value !! Unit |- | Young's modulus || 500 || MPa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0,2 || - |- | Density || 1*10^-9 || t/mm^3 |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter (carbon) !! Value !! Unit |- | Young's modulus || 1*10^5 || MPa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0,5 || - |- | Density || 1,5*10^-8 || t/mm^3 |} Using these material parameters the eigenfrequencies listed in the table below are obtained. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || first bending || 48,4 || Hz |- | 2 || second bending || 134,32 || Hz |- | 3 || first torsional || 220,14 || Hz |- | 4 || third bending || 254,07 || Hz |} The results reveal that for the bending modes a quite good accordance can be reached while the eigenfrequency of the torsional mode shows slight deviation. ==Conclusion== Within this contribution a method to identify parameters for the finite element models of the Ampair 600 wind turbine is presented. Therefore, measurements for the blades in free and clamped boundary conditions were established as well as for the hub assembly. The modal parameters were extracted and provided to a model updating routine. The model updating uses finite element models which were constructed based on the CAD models of the parts. Further effort will be made to identify parameters of the whole assembly. Additional measurements and simulations will be done to be able to apply substructuring methods on the wind turbine. ==IMAC 2014== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 in which a finite element model is updated to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted on this page. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] ==References== [[File:References.png|800px]] 1e5b84fc5e8d29c6366903efd3a1b6b70e78f30f 521 520 2015-01-27T14:48:57Z SEngelhe 13 /* Modeling of the Substructures */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uni stuttgart.jpg|right|100px]] The assembly of the Ampair 600 wind turbine consists of several substructures with very different material properties. Since the parameters of these materials are unknown, model updating is applied to the substructures to obtain validated finite element models. Based on experimentally determined modal parameters, the finite element models are adapted to achieve acceptable vibration behaviour. Therefore, an objective function consisting of the deviation of the eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors is used to determine Young's modulus, density and Poisson's ratio of each material. ==Introduction== Dynamic Substructuring methods offer the possibility to model high order finite element models in an efficient way [1]. A separated representation of the dynamics of the participated substructures enables the application of model reduction methods like the Craig-Bampton method and a later assembly of the different parts by Component Mode Synthesis (CMS). Therefore, the degrees of freedom (DoF) can be reduced drastically. Additionally, a validation of the components can be done individually in a more efficient way. In order to get validated finite element models, model updating methods [2] can be applied to identify material parameters. For example measured modal parameters can be provided to an optimization such that the deviation of the simulation model can be minimized automatically. Within this contribution such a model updating procedure is presented. ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters [3]. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a wire, which is attached to a frame. [[File:Free Free boundary condition of the blade.jpg|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==Modeling of the Substructures== The assembly of the wind turbine consists of many different parts. Those parts have different material parameters and are connected to each other in various ways. Since the influence of each individual part on the overall dynamics is unknown, all parts are modeled such that individual material parameters can be given to reach the best matching between simulation and experiment. The first step toward a finite element model which is able to capture the dynamics of the system is to know the geometry. Therefore, the dimensions of the real parts were recorded manually and converted into CAD models. [[File:Details of the hub model.png|200px]][[File:Turbine assembly parts.png|200px]] *'''Blade Model''' Based on the geometry a finite element model of the blade was established. Due to the complicated shape the geometry is divided in an upper (green) and lower part (red) of the blade and the flange (blue). The outer layer defined by these three sections is the composite part of the blade surrounding the foam core (yellow). Each section can be meshed individually. [[File:Upper_side.png|250px]] [[File:Lower_side.png|227px]] The composite part of the blade is meshed with tria elements with an element size of 10 mm. 3D tetras with the same element size are used for the core of the blade. An intersection of the blade is given in the picture below. [[File:Intersection.png|250px]] The real blade consists of two different materials. The outer layer of the blade is made of glass fiber reinforced plastic with a thickness of approximately 2 to 3 mm. The interior of the blade in contrast is made of a structural foam and is represented by linear solid elements. *'''Hub Model''' The hub of the wind turbine is a complex part which has numerous components. An intersection of the finite element model can be seen in the picture below. The components are modeled individually and are assembled using compatibility conditions at the contact surfaces. In addition to the parts, which can be seen in the intersection, the epoxy resin is modeled for the sake of completeness. In further investigationsmeasurements of the hub assembly will be established and a model updating will be performed. [[File:Mesh_of_the_hub_assembly.png|300px]] *'''CAD Assembly Model''' [[File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png|80px]] Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] *'''Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN.''' [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] ==Model Updating== Model updating is a method to adjust parameters of a simulation model automatically so that it matches the dynamic behavior of the measured part. In the present case the modal parameters from the experiments are used as reference to find material parameters for the finite element model. For this purpose an objective function is created which includes the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies and -vectors. Reaching a good result in optimization strongly depends on the quality of the finite element model. Since the finite element models themselves contain uncertainties with respect to the real parts a good agreement for all eigenfrequnecies and -vectors could be unachievable. To counteract this problem a weighted sum is introduced which offers more variability for a good compromise of all considered modes. The weighted sum can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ1.png|170px]], where '''''x''''' is the n-dimensional vector of the parameters to be updated, ''f'' represents the single objective functions, ''w'' is the vector with the weighting factors and ''m'' the number of the considered objective functions. In the present case the overall objective function ''J'' is composed of two functions. One represents the frequencies and the other the eigenvectors such that ''J'' can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ2.png|150px]]. The weighted sum of the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies is denoted by ::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ3.png|220px]], and the deviation of the eigenvectors in form of weighted MAC values [3] is described by :::::::::::::[[File:EQ4.1.png|190px]] with [[File:EQ4.2.png|350px]]. For the optimization the Optimisation Toolbox of MATLAB is used. The finite element model is imported into MATLAB using the Structural Dynamics Toolbox [4] and reassembled in every iteration step. An eigenvalue analysis is operated and the deviations are calculated with the eigenfrequencies and -vectors extracted and imported from the modal analysis. ==Results== The proposed method is applied to the finite element model of the blade. In a preliminary set up, the optimization algorithm proposes the following set of material parameters: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter (foam) !! Value !! Unit |- | Young's modulus || 500 || MPa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0,2 || - |- | Density || 1*10^-9 || t/mm^3 |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter (carbon) !! Value !! Unit |- | Young's modulus || 1*10^5 || MPa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0,5 || - |- | Density || 1,5*10^-8 || t/mm^3 |} Using these material parameters the eigenfrequencies listed in the table below are obtained. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || first bending || 48,4 || Hz |- | 2 || second bending || 134,32 || Hz |- | 3 || first torsional || 220,14 || Hz |- | 4 || third bending || 254,07 || Hz |} The results reveal that for the bending modes a quite good accordance can be reached while the eigenfrequency of the torsional mode shows slight deviation. ==Conclusion== Within this contribution a method to identify parameters for the finite element models of the Ampair 600 wind turbine is presented. Therefore, measurements for the blades in free and clamped boundary conditions were established as well as for the hub assembly. The modal parameters were extracted and provided to a model updating routine. The model updating uses finite element models which were constructed based on the CAD models of the parts. Further effort will be made to identify parameters of the whole assembly. Additional measurements and simulations will be done to be able to apply substructuring methods on the wind turbine. ==IMAC 2014== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 in which a finite element model is updated to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted on this page. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] ==References== [[File:References.png|800px]] de756a53dd30f1d22cccc63775bc9a4b4f3a5f98 522 521 2015-01-27T15:04:07Z SEngelhe 13 /* Modeling of the Substructures */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uni stuttgart.jpg|right|100px]] The assembly of the Ampair 600 wind turbine consists of several substructures with very different material properties. Since the parameters of these materials are unknown, model updating is applied to the substructures to obtain validated finite element models. Based on experimentally determined modal parameters, the finite element models are adapted to achieve acceptable vibration behaviour. Therefore, an objective function consisting of the deviation of the eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors is used to determine Young's modulus, density and Poisson's ratio of each material. ==Introduction== Dynamic Substructuring methods offer the possibility to model high order finite element models in an efficient way [1]. A separated representation of the dynamics of the participated substructures enables the application of model reduction methods like the Craig-Bampton method and a later assembly of the different parts by Component Mode Synthesis (CMS). Therefore, the degrees of freedom (DoF) can be reduced drastically. Additionally, a validation of the components can be done individually in a more efficient way. In order to get validated finite element models, model updating methods [2] can be applied to identify material parameters. For example measured modal parameters can be provided to an optimization such that the deviation of the simulation model can be minimized automatically. Within this contribution such a model updating procedure is presented. ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters [3]. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a wire, which is attached to a frame. [[File:Free Free boundary condition of the blade.jpg|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==Modeling of the Substructures== The assembly of the wind turbine consists of many different parts. Those parts have different material parameters and are connected to each other in various ways. Since the influence of each individual part on the overall dynamics is unknown, all parts are modeled such that individual material parameters can be given to reach the best matching between simulation and experiment. The first step toward a finite element model which is able to capture the dynamics of the system is to know the geometry. Therefore, the dimensions of the real parts were recorded manually and converted into CAD models. [[File:Details of the hub model.png|200px]][[File:Turbine assembly parts.png|200px]] *'''Blade Model''' Based on the geometry a finite element model of the blade was established. Due to the complicated shape the geometry is divided in an upper (green) and lower part (red) of the blade and the flange (blue). The outer layer defined by these three sections is the composite part of the blade surrounding the foam core (yellow). Each section can be meshed individually. [[File:Upper_side.png|250px]] [[File:Lower_side.png|227px]] The composite part of the blade is meshed with tria elements with an element size of 10 mm. 3D tetras with the same element size are used for the core of the blade. An intersection of the blade is given in the picture below. [[File:Intersection.png|250px]] As already mentioned, the blade is made out of two different materials. The composite part on the outer side and the foam core. The outer layer of the blade is glass fiber reinforced plastic with a thickness of approximately 2 to 3 mm. The interior of the blade in contrast is made of a structural foam and is represented by linear solid elements. Johansson et al. performed destructive tests in "Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade" to obtain material properties of both the glass fiber composite and the foam core. The results of these tests are used for the FE-Model in this study. *'''Hub Model''' The hub of the wind turbine is a complex part which has numerous components. An intersection of the finite element model can be seen in the picture below. The components are modeled individually and are assembled using compatibility conditions at the contact surfaces. In addition to the parts, which can be seen in the intersection, the epoxy resin is modeled for the sake of completeness. In further investigationsmeasurements of the hub assembly will be established and a model updating will be performed. [[File:Mesh_of_the_hub_assembly.png|300px]] *'''CAD Assembly Model''' [[File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png|80px]] Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] *'''Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN.''' [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] ==Model Updating== Model updating is a method to adjust parameters of a simulation model automatically so that it matches the dynamic behavior of the measured part. In the present case the modal parameters from the experiments are used as reference to find material parameters for the finite element model. For this purpose an objective function is created which includes the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies and -vectors. Reaching a good result in optimization strongly depends on the quality of the finite element model. Since the finite element models themselves contain uncertainties with respect to the real parts a good agreement for all eigenfrequnecies and -vectors could be unachievable. To counteract this problem a weighted sum is introduced which offers more variability for a good compromise of all considered modes. The weighted sum can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ1.png|170px]], where '''''x''''' is the n-dimensional vector of the parameters to be updated, ''f'' represents the single objective functions, ''w'' is the vector with the weighting factors and ''m'' the number of the considered objective functions. In the present case the overall objective function ''J'' is composed of two functions. One represents the frequencies and the other the eigenvectors such that ''J'' can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ2.png|150px]]. The weighted sum of the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies is denoted by ::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ3.png|220px]], and the deviation of the eigenvectors in form of weighted MAC values [3] is described by :::::::::::::[[File:EQ4.1.png|190px]] with [[File:EQ4.2.png|350px]]. For the optimization the Optimisation Toolbox of MATLAB is used. The finite element model is imported into MATLAB using the Structural Dynamics Toolbox [4] and reassembled in every iteration step. An eigenvalue analysis is operated and the deviations are calculated with the eigenfrequencies and -vectors extracted and imported from the modal analysis. ==Results== The proposed method is applied to the finite element model of the blade. In a preliminary set up, the optimization algorithm proposes the following set of material parameters: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter (foam) !! Value !! Unit |- | Young's modulus || 500 || MPa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0,2 || - |- | Density || 1*10^-9 || t/mm^3 |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter (carbon) !! Value !! Unit |- | Young's modulus || 1*10^5 || MPa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0,5 || - |- | Density || 1,5*10^-8 || t/mm^3 |} Using these material parameters the eigenfrequencies listed in the table below are obtained. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || first bending || 48,4 || Hz |- | 2 || second bending || 134,32 || Hz |- | 3 || first torsional || 220,14 || Hz |- | 4 || third bending || 254,07 || Hz |} The results reveal that for the bending modes a quite good accordance can be reached while the eigenfrequency of the torsional mode shows slight deviation. ==Conclusion== Within this contribution a method to identify parameters for the finite element models of the Ampair 600 wind turbine is presented. Therefore, measurements for the blades in free and clamped boundary conditions were established as well as for the hub assembly. The modal parameters were extracted and provided to a model updating routine. The model updating uses finite element models which were constructed based on the CAD models of the parts. Further effort will be made to identify parameters of the whole assembly. Additional measurements and simulations will be done to be able to apply substructuring methods on the wind turbine. ==IMAC 2014== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 in which a finite element model is updated to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted on this page. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] ==References== [[File:References.png|800px]] 8f07830ccd365b43fee6c4ff16a62d087787b4bb 523 522 2015-01-27T15:04:43Z SEngelhe 13 /* Modeling of the Substructures */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uni stuttgart.jpg|right|100px]] The assembly of the Ampair 600 wind turbine consists of several substructures with very different material properties. Since the parameters of these materials are unknown, model updating is applied to the substructures to obtain validated finite element models. Based on experimentally determined modal parameters, the finite element models are adapted to achieve acceptable vibration behaviour. Therefore, an objective function consisting of the deviation of the eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors is used to determine Young's modulus, density and Poisson's ratio of each material. ==Introduction== Dynamic Substructuring methods offer the possibility to model high order finite element models in an efficient way [1]. A separated representation of the dynamics of the participated substructures enables the application of model reduction methods like the Craig-Bampton method and a later assembly of the different parts by Component Mode Synthesis (CMS). Therefore, the degrees of freedom (DoF) can be reduced drastically. Additionally, a validation of the components can be done individually in a more efficient way. In order to get validated finite element models, model updating methods [2] can be applied to identify material parameters. For example measured modal parameters can be provided to an optimization such that the deviation of the simulation model can be minimized automatically. Within this contribution such a model updating procedure is presented. ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters [3]. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a wire, which is attached to a frame. [[File:Free Free boundary condition of the blade.jpg|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==Modeling of the Substructures== The assembly of the wind turbine consists of many different parts. Those parts have different material parameters and are connected to each other in various ways. Since the influence of each individual part on the overall dynamics is unknown, all parts are modeled such that individual material parameters can be given to reach the best matching between simulation and experiment. The first step toward a finite element model which is able to capture the dynamics of the system is to know the geometry. Therefore, the dimensions of the real parts were recorded manually and converted into CAD models. [[File:Details of the hub model.png|200px]][[File:Turbine assembly parts.png|200px]] *'''Blade Model''' Based on the geometry a finite element model of the blade was established. Due to the complicated shape the geometry is divided in an upper (green) and lower part (red) of the blade and the flange (blue). The outer layer defined by these three sections is the composite part of the blade surrounding the foam core (yellow). Each section can be meshed individually. [[File:Upper_side.png|250px]] [[File:Lower_side.png|227px]] The composite part of the blade is meshed with tria elements with an element size of 10 mm. 3D tetras with the same element size are used for the core of the blade. An intersection of the blade is given in the picture below. [[File:Intersection.png|250px]] As already mentioned, the blade is made out of two different materials. The composite part on the outer side and the foam core. The outer layer of the blade is glass fiber reinforced plastic with a thickness of approximately 2 to 3 mm. The interior of the blade in contrast is made of a structural foam and is represented by linear solid elements. Johansson et al. performed destructive tests in "Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade" to obtain material properties of both the glass fiber composite and the foam core. The results of these tests are used for the Finite Element model in this study. *'''Hub Model''' The hub of the wind turbine is a complex part which has numerous components. An intersection of the finite element model can be seen in the picture below. The components are modeled individually and are assembled using compatibility conditions at the contact surfaces. In addition to the parts, which can be seen in the intersection, the epoxy resin is modeled for the sake of completeness. In further investigationsmeasurements of the hub assembly will be established and a model updating will be performed. [[File:Mesh_of_the_hub_assembly.png|300px]] *'''CAD Assembly Model''' [[File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png|80px]] Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] *'''Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN.''' [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] ==Model Updating== Model updating is a method to adjust parameters of a simulation model automatically so that it matches the dynamic behavior of the measured part. In the present case the modal parameters from the experiments are used as reference to find material parameters for the finite element model. For this purpose an objective function is created which includes the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies and -vectors. Reaching a good result in optimization strongly depends on the quality of the finite element model. Since the finite element models themselves contain uncertainties with respect to the real parts a good agreement for all eigenfrequnecies and -vectors could be unachievable. To counteract this problem a weighted sum is introduced which offers more variability for a good compromise of all considered modes. The weighted sum can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ1.png|170px]], where '''''x''''' is the n-dimensional vector of the parameters to be updated, ''f'' represents the single objective functions, ''w'' is the vector with the weighting factors and ''m'' the number of the considered objective functions. In the present case the overall objective function ''J'' is composed of two functions. One represents the frequencies and the other the eigenvectors such that ''J'' can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ2.png|150px]]. The weighted sum of the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies is denoted by ::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ3.png|220px]], and the deviation of the eigenvectors in form of weighted MAC values [3] is described by :::::::::::::[[File:EQ4.1.png|190px]] with [[File:EQ4.2.png|350px]]. For the optimization the Optimisation Toolbox of MATLAB is used. The finite element model is imported into MATLAB using the Structural Dynamics Toolbox [4] and reassembled in every iteration step. An eigenvalue analysis is operated and the deviations are calculated with the eigenfrequencies and -vectors extracted and imported from the modal analysis. ==Results== The proposed method is applied to the finite element model of the blade. In a preliminary set up, the optimization algorithm proposes the following set of material parameters: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter (foam) !! Value !! Unit |- | Young's modulus || 500 || MPa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0,2 || - |- | Density || 1*10^-9 || t/mm^3 |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter (carbon) !! Value !! Unit |- | Young's modulus || 1*10^5 || MPa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0,5 || - |- | Density || 1,5*10^-8 || t/mm^3 |} Using these material parameters the eigenfrequencies listed in the table below are obtained. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || first bending || 48,4 || Hz |- | 2 || second bending || 134,32 || Hz |- | 3 || first torsional || 220,14 || Hz |- | 4 || third bending || 254,07 || Hz |} The results reveal that for the bending modes a quite good accordance can be reached while the eigenfrequency of the torsional mode shows slight deviation. ==Conclusion== Within this contribution a method to identify parameters for the finite element models of the Ampair 600 wind turbine is presented. Therefore, measurements for the blades in free and clamped boundary conditions were established as well as for the hub assembly. The modal parameters were extracted and provided to a model updating routine. The model updating uses finite element models which were constructed based on the CAD models of the parts. Further effort will be made to identify parameters of the whole assembly. Additional measurements and simulations will be done to be able to apply substructuring methods on the wind turbine. ==IMAC 2014== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 in which a finite element model is updated to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted on this page. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] ==References== [[File:References.png|800px]] 26830dae303821b1a54252be9654e913103e67f8 524 523 2015-01-29T14:18:41Z SEngelhe 13 /* Modeling of the Substructures */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uni stuttgart.jpg|right|100px]] The assembly of the Ampair 600 wind turbine consists of several substructures with very different material properties. Since the parameters of these materials are unknown, model updating is applied to the substructures to obtain validated finite element models. Based on experimentally determined modal parameters, the finite element models are adapted to achieve acceptable vibration behaviour. Therefore, an objective function consisting of the deviation of the eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors is used to determine Young's modulus, density and Poisson's ratio of each material. ==Introduction== Dynamic Substructuring methods offer the possibility to model high order finite element models in an efficient way [1]. A separated representation of the dynamics of the participated substructures enables the application of model reduction methods like the Craig-Bampton method and a later assembly of the different parts by Component Mode Synthesis (CMS). Therefore, the degrees of freedom (DoF) can be reduced drastically. Additionally, a validation of the components can be done individually in a more efficient way. In order to get validated finite element models, model updating methods [2] can be applied to identify material parameters. For example measured modal parameters can be provided to an optimization such that the deviation of the simulation model can be minimized automatically. Within this contribution such a model updating procedure is presented. ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters [3]. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a wire, which is attached to a frame. [[File:Free Free boundary condition of the blade.jpg|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==Modeling of the Substructures== The assembly of the wind turbine consists of many different parts. Those parts have different material parameters and are connected to each other in various ways. Since the influence of each individual part on the overall dynamics is unknown, all parts are modeled such that individual material parameters can be given to reach the best matching between simulation and experiment. The first step toward a finite element model which is able to capture the dynamics of the system is to know the geometry. Therefore, the dimensions of the real parts were recorded manually and converted into CAD models. [[File:Details of the hub model.png|200px]][[File:Turbine assembly parts.png|200px]] *'''Blade Model''' Based on the geometry a finite element model of the blade was established. Due to the complicated shape the geometry is divided in an upper (green) and lower part (red) of the blade and the flange (blue). The outer layer defined by these three sections is the composite part of the blade surrounding the core material (yellow). Each section can be meshed individually. [[File:Upper_side.png|250px]] [[File:Lower_side.png|227px]] The composite part of the blade is meshed with tria elements with an element size of 10 mm. 3D tetras with the same element size are used for the core of the blade. An intersection of the blade is given in the picture below. [[File:Intersection.png|250px]] As already mentioned, the blade is made out of two different materials. Johansson et al. performed destructive tests in "Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade" to obtain material properties of both the glass fiber composite and the core. Chemical tests, which were performed in their study, indicated that the core, as well as the resin of the glass fiber reinforced skin, consist of polypropylene (PP). The material properties used for the FE-model presented here and resulting from the investigation performed by Johansson et al. are collect in the tables below. *'''Hub Model''' The hub of the wind turbine is a complex part which has numerous components. An intersection of the finite element model can be seen in the picture below. The components are modeled individually and are assembled using compatibility conditions at the contact surfaces. In addition to the parts, which can be seen in the intersection, the epoxy resin is modeled for the sake of completeness. In further investigationsmeasurements of the hub assembly will be established and a model updating will be performed. [[File:Mesh_of_the_hub_assembly.png|300px]] *'''CAD Assembly Model''' [[File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png|80px]] Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] *'''Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN.''' [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] ==Model Updating== Model updating is a method to adjust parameters of a simulation model automatically so that it matches the dynamic behavior of the measured part. In the present case the modal parameters from the experiments are used as reference to find material parameters for the finite element model. For this purpose an objective function is created which includes the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies and -vectors. Reaching a good result in optimization strongly depends on the quality of the finite element model. Since the finite element models themselves contain uncertainties with respect to the real parts a good agreement for all eigenfrequnecies and -vectors could be unachievable. To counteract this problem a weighted sum is introduced which offers more variability for a good compromise of all considered modes. The weighted sum can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ1.png|170px]], where '''''x''''' is the n-dimensional vector of the parameters to be updated, ''f'' represents the single objective functions, ''w'' is the vector with the weighting factors and ''m'' the number of the considered objective functions. In the present case the overall objective function ''J'' is composed of two functions. One represents the frequencies and the other the eigenvectors such that ''J'' can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ2.png|150px]]. The weighted sum of the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies is denoted by ::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ3.png|220px]], and the deviation of the eigenvectors in form of weighted MAC values [3] is described by :::::::::::::[[File:EQ4.1.png|190px]] with [[File:EQ4.2.png|350px]]. For the optimization the Optimisation Toolbox of MATLAB is used. The finite element model is imported into MATLAB using the Structural Dynamics Toolbox [4] and reassembled in every iteration step. An eigenvalue analysis is operated and the deviations are calculated with the eigenfrequencies and -vectors extracted and imported from the modal analysis. ==Results== The proposed method is applied to the finite element model of the blade. In a preliminary set up, the optimization algorithm proposes the following set of material parameters: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter (foam) !! Value !! Unit |- | Young's modulus || 500 || MPa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0,2 || - |- | Density || 1*10^-9 || t/mm^3 |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter (carbon) !! Value !! Unit |- | Young's modulus || 1*10^5 || MPa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0,5 || - |- | Density || 1,5*10^-8 || t/mm^3 |} Using these material parameters the eigenfrequencies listed in the table below are obtained. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || first bending || 48,4 || Hz |- | 2 || second bending || 134,32 || Hz |- | 3 || first torsional || 220,14 || Hz |- | 4 || third bending || 254,07 || Hz |} The results reveal that for the bending modes a quite good accordance can be reached while the eigenfrequency of the torsional mode shows slight deviation. ==Conclusion== Within this contribution a method to identify parameters for the finite element models of the Ampair 600 wind turbine is presented. Therefore, measurements for the blades in free and clamped boundary conditions were established as well as for the hub assembly. The modal parameters were extracted and provided to a model updating routine. The model updating uses finite element models which were constructed based on the CAD models of the parts. Further effort will be made to identify parameters of the whole assembly. Additional measurements and simulations will be done to be able to apply substructuring methods on the wind turbine. ==IMAC 2014== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 in which a finite element model is updated to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted on this page. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] ==References== [[File:References.png|800px]] b8bcd402c9006391a9d94e993b11781c1a9de1fa 525 524 2015-01-29T14:35:20Z SEngelhe 13 /* Modeling of the Substructures */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uni stuttgart.jpg|right|100px]] The assembly of the Ampair 600 wind turbine consists of several substructures with very different material properties. Since the parameters of these materials are unknown, model updating is applied to the substructures to obtain validated finite element models. Based on experimentally determined modal parameters, the finite element models are adapted to achieve acceptable vibration behaviour. Therefore, an objective function consisting of the deviation of the eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors is used to determine Young's modulus, density and Poisson's ratio of each material. ==Introduction== Dynamic Substructuring methods offer the possibility to model high order finite element models in an efficient way [1]. A separated representation of the dynamics of the participated substructures enables the application of model reduction methods like the Craig-Bampton method and a later assembly of the different parts by Component Mode Synthesis (CMS). Therefore, the degrees of freedom (DoF) can be reduced drastically. Additionally, a validation of the components can be done individually in a more efficient way. In order to get validated finite element models, model updating methods [2] can be applied to identify material parameters. For example measured modal parameters can be provided to an optimization such that the deviation of the simulation model can be minimized automatically. Within this contribution such a model updating procedure is presented. ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters [3]. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a wire, which is attached to a frame. [[File:Free Free boundary condition of the blade.jpg|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==Modeling of the Substructures== The assembly of the wind turbine consists of many different parts. Those parts have different material parameters and are connected to each other in various ways. Since the influence of each individual part on the overall dynamics is unknown, all parts are modeled such that individual material parameters can be given to reach the best matching between simulation and experiment. The first step toward a finite element model which is able to capture the dynamics of the system is to know the geometry. Therefore, the dimensions of the real parts were recorded manually and converted into CAD models. [[File:Details of the hub model.png|200px]][[File:Turbine assembly parts.png|200px]] *'''Blade Model''' Based on the geometry a finite element model of the blade was established. Due to the complicated shape the geometry is divided in an upper (green) and lower part (red) of the blade and the flange (blue). The outer layer defined by these three sections is the composite part of the blade surrounding the core material (yellow). Each section can be meshed individually. [[File:Upper_side.png|250px]] [[File:Lower_side.png|227px]] The composite part of the blade is meshed with tria elements with an element size of 10 mm. 3D tetras with the same element size are used for the core of the blade. An intersection of the blade is given in the picture below. [[File:Intersection.png|250px]] As already mentioned, the blade is made out of two different materials. Johansson et al. performed destructive tests in "Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade" to obtain material properties of both the glass fiber composite and the core. Chemical tests, which were performed in their study, indicated that the core, as well as the resin of the glass fiber reinforced skin, consist of polypropylene (PP). The material properties used for the FE-model presented here and resulting from the investigation performed by Johansson et al. are collect in the tables below. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Core |- | Young's Modulus || 1745 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 8.18*10^-10 t/mm³ |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Skin |- | Young's Modulus perpendicular to fiber ||1745 Mpa |- | Young's Modulus in fiber direction || 14500 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 1.09*10^-9 t/mm³ |- | Shear Modulus in all directions || 700 Mpa |} The results of the free model {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! |- | 1 || First bending || 47.7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 135.5 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 216.8 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 264.5 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 338.6 Hz |} *'''Hub Model''' The hub of the wind turbine is a complex part which has numerous components. An intersection of the finite element model can be seen in the picture below. The components are modeled individually and are assembled using compatibility conditions at the contact surfaces. In addition to the parts, which can be seen in the intersection, the epoxy resin is modeled for the sake of completeness. In further investigationsmeasurements of the hub assembly will be established and a model updating will be performed. [[File:Mesh_of_the_hub_assembly.png|300px]] *'''CAD Assembly Model''' [[File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png|80px]] Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] *'''Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN.''' [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] ==Model Updating== Model updating is a method to adjust parameters of a simulation model automatically so that it matches the dynamic behavior of the measured part. In the present case the modal parameters from the experiments are used as reference to find material parameters for the finite element model. For this purpose an objective function is created which includes the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies and -vectors. Reaching a good result in optimization strongly depends on the quality of the finite element model. Since the finite element models themselves contain uncertainties with respect to the real parts a good agreement for all eigenfrequnecies and -vectors could be unachievable. To counteract this problem a weighted sum is introduced which offers more variability for a good compromise of all considered modes. The weighted sum can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ1.png|170px]], where '''''x''''' is the n-dimensional vector of the parameters to be updated, ''f'' represents the single objective functions, ''w'' is the vector with the weighting factors and ''m'' the number of the considered objective functions. In the present case the overall objective function ''J'' is composed of two functions. One represents the frequencies and the other the eigenvectors such that ''J'' can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ2.png|150px]]. The weighted sum of the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies is denoted by ::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ3.png|220px]], and the deviation of the eigenvectors in form of weighted MAC values [3] is described by :::::::::::::[[File:EQ4.1.png|190px]] with [[File:EQ4.2.png|350px]]. For the optimization the Optimisation Toolbox of MATLAB is used. The finite element model is imported into MATLAB using the Structural Dynamics Toolbox [4] and reassembled in every iteration step. An eigenvalue analysis is operated and the deviations are calculated with the eigenfrequencies and -vectors extracted and imported from the modal analysis. ==Results== The proposed method is applied to the finite element model of the blade. In a preliminary set up, the optimization algorithm proposes the following set of material parameters: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter (foam) !! Value !! Unit |- | Young's modulus || 500 || MPa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0,2 || - |- | Density || 1*10^-9 || t/mm^3 |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter (carbon) !! Value !! Unit |- | Young's modulus || 1*10^5 || MPa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0,5 || - |- | Density || 1,5*10^-8 || t/mm^3 |} Using these material parameters the eigenfrequencies listed in the table below are obtained. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || first bending || 48,4 || Hz |- | 2 || second bending || 134,32 || Hz |- | 3 || first torsional || 220,14 || Hz |- | 4 || third bending || 254,07 || Hz |} The results reveal that for the bending modes a quite good accordance can be reached while the eigenfrequency of the torsional mode shows slight deviation. ==Conclusion== Within this contribution a method to identify parameters for the finite element models of the Ampair 600 wind turbine is presented. Therefore, measurements for the blades in free and clamped boundary conditions were established as well as for the hub assembly. The modal parameters were extracted and provided to a model updating routine. The model updating uses finite element models which were constructed based on the CAD models of the parts. Further effort will be made to identify parameters of the whole assembly. Additional measurements and simulations will be done to be able to apply substructuring methods on the wind turbine. ==IMAC 2014== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 in which a finite element model is updated to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted on this page. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] ==References== [[File:References.png|800px]] 105af3ad97aea3d782502208ea0a051c4f7df796 526 525 2015-01-29T14:55:37Z SEngelhe 13 /* Modeling of the Substructures */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uni stuttgart.jpg|right|100px]] The assembly of the Ampair 600 wind turbine consists of several substructures with very different material properties. Since the parameters of these materials are unknown, model updating is applied to the substructures to obtain validated finite element models. Based on experimentally determined modal parameters, the finite element models are adapted to achieve acceptable vibration behaviour. Therefore, an objective function consisting of the deviation of the eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors is used to determine Young's modulus, density and Poisson's ratio of each material. ==Introduction== Dynamic Substructuring methods offer the possibility to model high order finite element models in an efficient way [1]. A separated representation of the dynamics of the participated substructures enables the application of model reduction methods like the Craig-Bampton method and a later assembly of the different parts by Component Mode Synthesis (CMS). Therefore, the degrees of freedom (DoF) can be reduced drastically. Additionally, a validation of the components can be done individually in a more efficient way. In order to get validated finite element models, model updating methods [2] can be applied to identify material parameters. For example measured modal parameters can be provided to an optimization such that the deviation of the simulation model can be minimized automatically. Within this contribution such a model updating procedure is presented. ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters [3]. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a wire, which is attached to a frame. [[File:Free Free boundary condition of the blade.jpg|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==Modeling of the Substructures== The assembly of the wind turbine consists of many different parts. Those parts have different material parameters and are connected to each other in various ways. Since the influence of each individual part on the overall dynamics is unknown, all parts are modeled such that individual material parameters can be given to reach the best matching between simulation and experiment. The first step toward a finite element model which is able to capture the dynamics of the system is to know the geometry. Therefore, the dimensions of the real parts were recorded manually and converted into CAD models. [[File:Details of the hub model.png|200px]][[File:Turbine assembly parts.png|200px]] *'''Blade Model''' Based on the geometry a finite element model of the blade was established. Due to the complicated shape the geometry is divided in an upper (green) and lower part (red) of the blade and the flange (blue). The outer layer defined by these three sections is the composite part of the blade surrounding the core material (yellow). Each section can be meshed individually. [[File:Upper_side.png|250px]] [[File:Lower_side.png|227px]] The composite part of the blade is meshed with tria elements with an element size of 10 mm. 3D tetras with the same element size are used for the core of the blade. An intersection of the blade is given in the picture below. [[File:Intersection.png|250px]] As already mentioned, the blade is made out of two different materials. Johansson et al. performed destructive tests in "Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade" to obtain material properties of both the glass fiber composite and the core. Chemical tests, which were performed in their study, indicated that the core, as well as the resin of the glass fiber reinforced skin, consist of polypropylene (PP). The material properties used for the FE-model presented here and resulting from the investigation performed by Johansson et al. are collect in the tables below. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Core |- | Young's Modulus || 1745 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 8.18*10^-10 t/mm³ |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Skin |- | Young's Modulus perpendicular to fiber ||1745 Mpa |- | Young's Modulus in fiber direction || 14500 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 1.09*10^-9 t/mm³ |- | Shear Modulus in all directions || 700 Mpa |} The results of the free model {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! |- | 1 || First bending || 47.7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 135.5 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 216.8 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 264.5 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 338.6 Hz |} The results of the constraint model {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! |- | 1 || First bending || 21.5 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending ||75.9 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 140.2 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 189.3 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 208.4 Hz |} *'''Hub Model''' The hub of the wind turbine is a complex part which has numerous components. An intersection of the finite element model can be seen in the picture below. The components are modeled individually and are assembled using compatibility conditions at the contact surfaces. In addition to the parts, which can be seen in the intersection, the epoxy resin is modeled for the sake of completeness. In further investigationsmeasurements of the hub assembly will be established and a model updating will be performed. [[File:Mesh_of_the_hub_assembly.png|300px]] *'''CAD Assembly Model''' [[File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png|80px]] Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] *'''Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN.''' [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] ==Model Updating== Model updating is a method to adjust parameters of a simulation model automatically so that it matches the dynamic behavior of the measured part. In the present case the modal parameters from the experiments are used as reference to find material parameters for the finite element model. For this purpose an objective function is created which includes the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies and -vectors. Reaching a good result in optimization strongly depends on the quality of the finite element model. Since the finite element models themselves contain uncertainties with respect to the real parts a good agreement for all eigenfrequnecies and -vectors could be unachievable. To counteract this problem a weighted sum is introduced which offers more variability for a good compromise of all considered modes. The weighted sum can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ1.png|170px]], where '''''x''''' is the n-dimensional vector of the parameters to be updated, ''f'' represents the single objective functions, ''w'' is the vector with the weighting factors and ''m'' the number of the considered objective functions. In the present case the overall objective function ''J'' is composed of two functions. One represents the frequencies and the other the eigenvectors such that ''J'' can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ2.png|150px]]. The weighted sum of the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies is denoted by ::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ3.png|220px]], and the deviation of the eigenvectors in form of weighted MAC values [3] is described by :::::::::::::[[File:EQ4.1.png|190px]] with [[File:EQ4.2.png|350px]]. For the optimization the Optimisation Toolbox of MATLAB is used. The finite element model is imported into MATLAB using the Structural Dynamics Toolbox [4] and reassembled in every iteration step. An eigenvalue analysis is operated and the deviations are calculated with the eigenfrequencies and -vectors extracted and imported from the modal analysis. ==Results== The proposed method is applied to the finite element model of the blade. In a preliminary set up, the optimization algorithm proposes the following set of material parameters: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter (foam) !! Value !! Unit |- | Young's modulus || 500 || MPa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0,2 || - |- | Density || 1*10^-9 || t/mm^3 |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter (carbon) !! Value !! Unit |- | Young's modulus || 1*10^5 || MPa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0,5 || - |- | Density || 1,5*10^-8 || t/mm^3 |} Using these material parameters the eigenfrequencies listed in the table below are obtained. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || first bending || 48,4 || Hz |- | 2 || second bending || 134,32 || Hz |- | 3 || first torsional || 220,14 || Hz |- | 4 || third bending || 254,07 || Hz |} The results reveal that for the bending modes a quite good accordance can be reached while the eigenfrequency of the torsional mode shows slight deviation. ==Conclusion== Within this contribution a method to identify parameters for the finite element models of the Ampair 600 wind turbine is presented. Therefore, measurements for the blades in free and clamped boundary conditions were established as well as for the hub assembly. The modal parameters were extracted and provided to a model updating routine. The model updating uses finite element models which were constructed based on the CAD models of the parts. Further effort will be made to identify parameters of the whole assembly. Additional measurements and simulations will be done to be able to apply substructuring methods on the wind turbine. ==IMAC 2014== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 in which a finite element model is updated to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted on this page. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] ==References== [[File:References.png|800px]] b42d3d118253065525cf34d621a2a9eb34ef628a 527 526 2015-01-29T14:56:40Z SEngelhe 13 /* Modeling of the Substructures */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uni stuttgart.jpg|right|100px]] The assembly of the Ampair 600 wind turbine consists of several substructures with very different material properties. Since the parameters of these materials are unknown, model updating is applied to the substructures to obtain validated finite element models. Based on experimentally determined modal parameters, the finite element models are adapted to achieve acceptable vibration behaviour. Therefore, an objective function consisting of the deviation of the eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors is used to determine Young's modulus, density and Poisson's ratio of each material. ==Introduction== Dynamic Substructuring methods offer the possibility to model high order finite element models in an efficient way [1]. A separated representation of the dynamics of the participated substructures enables the application of model reduction methods like the Craig-Bampton method and a later assembly of the different parts by Component Mode Synthesis (CMS). Therefore, the degrees of freedom (DoF) can be reduced drastically. Additionally, a validation of the components can be done individually in a more efficient way. In order to get validated finite element models, model updating methods [2] can be applied to identify material parameters. For example measured modal parameters can be provided to an optimization such that the deviation of the simulation model can be minimized automatically. Within this contribution such a model updating procedure is presented. ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters [3]. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a wire, which is attached to a frame. [[File:Free Free boundary condition of the blade.jpg|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==Modeling of the Substructures== The assembly of the wind turbine consists of many different parts. Those parts have different material parameters and are connected to each other in various ways. Since the influence of each individual part on the overall dynamics is unknown, all parts are modeled such that individual material parameters can be given to reach the best matching between simulation and experiment. The first step toward a finite element model which is able to capture the dynamics of the system is to know the geometry. Therefore, the dimensions of the real parts were recorded manually and converted into CAD models. [[File:Details of the hub model.png|200px]][[File:Turbine assembly parts.png|200px]] *'''Blade Model''' Based on the geometry a finite element model of the blade was established. Due to the complicated shape the geometry is divided in an upper (green) and lower part (red) of the blade and the flange (blue). The outer layer defined by these three sections is the composite part of the blade surrounding the core material (yellow). Each section can be meshed individually. [[File:Upper_side.png|250px]] [[File:Lower_side.png|227px]] The composite part of the blade is meshed with tria elements with an element size of 10 mm. 3D tetras with the same element size are used for the core of the blade. An intersection of the blade is given in the picture below. [[File:Intersection.png|250px]] As already mentioned, the blade is made out of two different materials. Johansson et al. performed destructive tests in "Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade" to obtain material properties of both the glass fiber composite and the core. Chemical tests, which were performed in their study, indicated that the core, as well as the resin of the glass fiber reinforced skin, consist of polypropylene (PP). The material properties used for the FE-model presented here and resulting from the investigation performed by Johansson et al. are collect in the tables below. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Core |- | Young's Modulus || 1745 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 8.18*10^-10 t/mm³ |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Skin |- | Young's Modulus perpendicular to fiber ||1745 Mpa |- | Young's Modulus in fiber direction || 14500 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 1.09*10^-9 t/mm³ |- | Shear Modulus in all directions || 700 Mpa |} The results of the free model {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! |- | 1 || First bending || 47.7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 135.5 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 216.8 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 264.5 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 338.6 Hz |} The results of the constraint model {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! |- | 1 || First bending || 21.5 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending ||75.9 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 140.2 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 189.3 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 208.4 Hz |} *'''Hub Model''' The hub of the wind turbine is a complex part which has numerous components. An intersection of the finite element model can be seen in the picture below. The components are modeled individually and are assembled using compatibility conditions at the contact surfaces. In addition to the parts, which can be seen in the intersection, the epoxy resin is modeled for the sake of completeness. In further investigationsmeasurements of the hub assembly will be established and a model updating will be performed. [[File:Mesh_of_the_hub_assembly.png|300px]] *'''CAD Assembly Model''' [[File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png|80px]] Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] *'''Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN.''' [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] ==Model Updating== Model updating is a method to adjust parameters of a simulation model automatically so that it matches the dynamic behavior of the measured part. In the present case the modal parameters from the experiments are used as reference to find material parameters for the finite element model. For this purpose an objective function is created which includes the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies and -vectors. Reaching a good result in optimization strongly depends on the quality of the finite element model. Since the finite element models themselves contain uncertainties with respect to the real parts a good agreement for all eigenfrequnecies and -vectors could be unachievable. To counteract this problem a weighted sum is introduced which offers more variability for a good compromise of all considered modes. The weighted sum can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ1.png|170px]], where '''''x''''' is the n-dimensional vector of the parameters to be updated, ''f'' represents the single objective functions, ''w'' is the vector with the weighting factors and ''m'' the number of the considered objective functions. In the present case the overall objective function ''J'' is composed of two functions. One represents the frequencies and the other the eigenvectors such that ''J'' can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ2.png|150px]]. The weighted sum of the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies is denoted by ::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ3.png|220px]], and the deviation of the eigenvectors in form of weighted MAC values [3] is described by :::::::::::::[[File:EQ4.1.png|190px]] with [[File:EQ4.2.png|350px]]. For the optimization the Optimisation Toolbox of MATLAB is used. The finite element model is imported into MATLAB using the Structural Dynamics Toolbox [4] and reassembled in every iteration step. An eigenvalue analysis is operated and the deviations are calculated with the eigenfrequencies and -vectors extracted and imported from the modal analysis. ==Results== The proposed method is applied to the finite element model of the blade. In a preliminary set up, the optimization algorithm proposes the following set of material parameters: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter (foam) !! Value !! Unit |- | Young's modulus || 500 || MPa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0,2 || - |- | Density || 1*10^-9 || t/mm^3 |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter (carbon) !! Value !! Unit |- | Young's modulus || 1*10^5 || MPa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0,5 || - |- | Density || 1,5*10^-8 || t/mm^3 |} Using these material parameters the eigenfrequencies listed in the table below are obtained. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || first bending || 48,4 || Hz |- | 2 || second bending || 134,32 || Hz |- | 3 || first torsional || 220,14 || Hz |- | 4 || third bending || 254,07 || Hz |} The results reveal that for the bending modes a quite good accordance can be reached while the eigenfrequency of the torsional mode shows slight deviation. ==Conclusion== Within this contribution a method to identify parameters for the finite element models of the Ampair 600 wind turbine is presented. Therefore, measurements for the blades in free and clamped boundary conditions were established as well as for the hub assembly. The modal parameters were extracted and provided to a model updating routine. The model updating uses finite element models which were constructed based on the CAD models of the parts. Further effort will be made to identify parameters of the whole assembly. Additional measurements and simulations will be done to be able to apply substructuring methods on the wind turbine. ==IMAC 2014== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 in which a finite element model is updated to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted on this page. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] ==References== [[File:References.png|800px]] c750c43e92d7545395964c7b28cede3be6b593b5 528 527 2015-01-29T15:14:16Z SEngelhe 13 /* Modeling of the Substructures */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uni stuttgart.jpg|right|100px]] The assembly of the Ampair 600 wind turbine consists of several substructures with very different material properties. Since the parameters of these materials are unknown, model updating is applied to the substructures to obtain validated finite element models. Based on experimentally determined modal parameters, the finite element models are adapted to achieve acceptable vibration behaviour. Therefore, an objective function consisting of the deviation of the eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors is used to determine Young's modulus, density and Poisson's ratio of each material. ==Introduction== Dynamic Substructuring methods offer the possibility to model high order finite element models in an efficient way [1]. A separated representation of the dynamics of the participated substructures enables the application of model reduction methods like the Craig-Bampton method and a later assembly of the different parts by Component Mode Synthesis (CMS). Therefore, the degrees of freedom (DoF) can be reduced drastically. Additionally, a validation of the components can be done individually in a more efficient way. In order to get validated finite element models, model updating methods [2] can be applied to identify material parameters. For example measured modal parameters can be provided to an optimization such that the deviation of the simulation model can be minimized automatically. Within this contribution such a model updating procedure is presented. ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters [3]. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a wire, which is attached to a frame. [[File:Free Free boundary condition of the blade.jpg|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==Modeling of the Substructures== The assembly of the wind turbine consists of many different parts. Those parts have different material parameters and are connected to each other in various ways. Since the influence of each individual part on the overall dynamics is unknown, all parts are modeled such that individual material parameters can be given to reach the best matching between simulation and experiment. The first step toward a finite element model which is able to capture the dynamics of the system is to know the geometry. Therefore, the dimensions of the real parts were recorded manually and converted into CAD models. [[File:Details of the hub model.png|200px]][[File:Turbine assembly parts.png|200px]] *'''Blade Model''' Based on the geometry a finite element model of the blade was established. Due to the complicated shape the geometry is divided in an upper (green) and lower part (red) of the blade and the flange (blue). The outer layer defined by these three sections is the composite part of the blade surrounding the core material (yellow). Each section can be meshed individually. [[File:Upper_side.png|250px]] [[File:Lower_side.png|227px]] The composite part of the blade is meshed with tria elements with an element size of 10 mm. 3D tetras with the same element size are used for the core of the blade. An intersection of the blade is given in the picture below. [[File:Intersection.png|250px]] As already mentioned, the blade is made out of two different materials. Johansson et al. performed destructive tests in "Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade" to obtain material properties of both the glass fiber composite and the core. Chemical tests, which were performed in their study, indicated that the core, as well as the resin of the glass fiber reinforced skin, consist of polypropylene (PP). The material properties used for the FE-model presented here and resulting from the investigation performed by Johansson et al. are collect in the tables below. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Core |- | Young's Modulus || 1745 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 8.18*10^-10 t/mm³ |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Skin |- | Young's Modulus perpendicular to fiber ||1745 Mpa |- | Young's Modulus in fiber direction || 14500 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 1.09*10^-9 t/mm³ |- | Shear Modulus in all directions || 700 Mpa |} The laminate of the composite skin consists of 4 layers, stacked by alternating the direction of the fibers in a 0°/90°/0°/90° order, where the fibers oriented in 0°, span from the blade root to the tip of the blade. Each ply has a thickness of 0.7 mm resulting in a total composite skin thickness of 2.8 mm. The results of the free model {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! |- | 1 || First bending || 47.7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 135.5 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 216.8 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 264.5 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 338.6 Hz |} For the modal analysis of the clamped in model, constraints were created at the flange. The results of the constraint model {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! |- | 1 || First bending || 21.5 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending ||75.9 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 140.2 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 189.3 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 208.4 Hz |} *'''Hub Model''' The hub of the wind turbine is a complex part which has numerous components. An intersection of the finite element model can be seen in the picture below. The components are modeled individually and are assembled using compatibility conditions at the contact surfaces. In addition to the parts, which can be seen in the intersection, the epoxy resin is modeled for the sake of completeness. In further investigationsmeasurements of the hub assembly will be established and a model updating will be performed. [[File:Mesh_of_the_hub_assembly.png|300px]] *'''CAD Assembly Model''' [[File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png|80px]] Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] *'''Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN.''' [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] ==Model Updating== Model updating is a method to adjust parameters of a simulation model automatically so that it matches the dynamic behavior of the measured part. In the present case the modal parameters from the experiments are used as reference to find material parameters for the finite element model. For this purpose an objective function is created which includes the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies and -vectors. Reaching a good result in optimization strongly depends on the quality of the finite element model. Since the finite element models themselves contain uncertainties with respect to the real parts a good agreement for all eigenfrequnecies and -vectors could be unachievable. To counteract this problem a weighted sum is introduced which offers more variability for a good compromise of all considered modes. The weighted sum can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ1.png|170px]], where '''''x''''' is the n-dimensional vector of the parameters to be updated, ''f'' represents the single objective functions, ''w'' is the vector with the weighting factors and ''m'' the number of the considered objective functions. In the present case the overall objective function ''J'' is composed of two functions. One represents the frequencies and the other the eigenvectors such that ''J'' can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ2.png|150px]]. The weighted sum of the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies is denoted by ::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ3.png|220px]], and the deviation of the eigenvectors in form of weighted MAC values [3] is described by :::::::::::::[[File:EQ4.1.png|190px]] with [[File:EQ4.2.png|350px]]. For the optimization the Optimisation Toolbox of MATLAB is used. The finite element model is imported into MATLAB using the Structural Dynamics Toolbox [4] and reassembled in every iteration step. An eigenvalue analysis is operated and the deviations are calculated with the eigenfrequencies and -vectors extracted and imported from the modal analysis. ==Results== The proposed method is applied to the finite element model of the blade. In a preliminary set up, the optimization algorithm proposes the following set of material parameters: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter (foam) !! Value !! Unit |- | Young's modulus || 500 || MPa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0,2 || - |- | Density || 1*10^-9 || t/mm^3 |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter (carbon) !! Value !! Unit |- | Young's modulus || 1*10^5 || MPa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0,5 || - |- | Density || 1,5*10^-8 || t/mm^3 |} Using these material parameters the eigenfrequencies listed in the table below are obtained. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || first bending || 48,4 || Hz |- | 2 || second bending || 134,32 || Hz |- | 3 || first torsional || 220,14 || Hz |- | 4 || third bending || 254,07 || Hz |} The results reveal that for the bending modes a quite good accordance can be reached while the eigenfrequency of the torsional mode shows slight deviation. ==Conclusion== Within this contribution a method to identify parameters for the finite element models of the Ampair 600 wind turbine is presented. Therefore, measurements for the blades in free and clamped boundary conditions were established as well as for the hub assembly. The modal parameters were extracted and provided to a model updating routine. The model updating uses finite element models which were constructed based on the CAD models of the parts. Further effort will be made to identify parameters of the whole assembly. Additional measurements and simulations will be done to be able to apply substructuring methods on the wind turbine. ==IMAC 2014== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 in which a finite element model is updated to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted on this page. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] ==References== [[File:References.png|800px]] a798e46ebb20dd76b0e5dd1cfaef1e7f658dcae6 529 528 2015-01-29T15:18:01Z SEngelhe 13 /* Modeling of the Substructures */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uni stuttgart.jpg|right|100px]] The assembly of the Ampair 600 wind turbine consists of several substructures with very different material properties. Since the parameters of these materials are unknown, model updating is applied to the substructures to obtain validated finite element models. Based on experimentally determined modal parameters, the finite element models are adapted to achieve acceptable vibration behaviour. Therefore, an objective function consisting of the deviation of the eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors is used to determine Young's modulus, density and Poisson's ratio of each material. ==Introduction== Dynamic Substructuring methods offer the possibility to model high order finite element models in an efficient way [1]. A separated representation of the dynamics of the participated substructures enables the application of model reduction methods like the Craig-Bampton method and a later assembly of the different parts by Component Mode Synthesis (CMS). Therefore, the degrees of freedom (DoF) can be reduced drastically. Additionally, a validation of the components can be done individually in a more efficient way. In order to get validated finite element models, model updating methods [2] can be applied to identify material parameters. For example measured modal parameters can be provided to an optimization such that the deviation of the simulation model can be minimized automatically. Within this contribution such a model updating procedure is presented. ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters [3]. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a wire, which is attached to a frame. [[File:Free Free boundary condition of the blade.jpg|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==Modeling of the Substructures== The assembly of the wind turbine consists of many different parts. Those parts have different material parameters and are connected to each other in various ways. Since the influence of each individual part on the overall dynamics is unknown, all parts are modeled such that individual material parameters can be given to reach the best matching between simulation and experiment. The first step toward a finite element model which is able to capture the dynamics of the system is to know the geometry. Therefore, the dimensions of the real parts were recorded manually and converted into CAD models. [[File:Details of the hub model.png|200px]][[File:Turbine assembly parts.png|200px]] *'''Blade Model''' Based on the geometry a finite element model of the blade was established. Due to the complicated shape the geometry is divided in an upper (green) and lower part (red) of the blade and the flange (blue). The outer layer defined by these three sections is the composite part of the blade surrounding the core material (yellow). Each section can be meshed individually. [[File:Upper_side.png|250px]] [[File:Lower_side.png|227px]] The composite part of the blade is meshed with tria elements with an element size of 10 mm. 3D tetras with the same element size are used for the core of the blade. An intersection of the blade is given in the picture below. [[File:Intersection.png|250px]] As already mentioned, the blade is made out of two different materials. Johansson et al. performed destructive tests in "Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade" to obtain material properties of both the glass fiber composite and the core. Chemical tests, which were performed in their study, indicated that the core, as well as the resin of the glass fiber reinforced skin, consist of polypropylene (PP). The material properties used for the FE-model presented here and resulting from the investigation performed by Johansson et al. are collect in the tables below. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Core |- | Young's Modulus || 1745 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 8.18*10^-10 t/mm³ |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Skin |- | Young's Modulus perpendicular to fiber ||1745 Mpa |- | Young's Modulus in fiber direction || 14500 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 1.09*10^-9 t/mm³ |- | Shear Modulus in all directions || 700 Mpa |} The laminate of the composite skin consists of 4 layers, stacked by alternating the direction of the fibers in a 0°/90°/0°/90° order, where the fibers oriented in 0°, span from the blade root to the tip of the blade. Each ply has a thickness of 0.7 mm resulting in a total composite skin thickness of 2.8 mm. The results of the free model {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! |- | 1 || First bending || 49.2 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 139.6 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 220.1 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 272.3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 348.2 Hz |} For the modal analysis of the clamped in model, constraints were created at the flange. The results of the constraint model {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! |- | 1 || First bending || 21.5 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending ||75.9 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 140.2 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 189.3 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 208.4 Hz |} *'''Hub Model''' The hub of the wind turbine is a complex part which has numerous components. An intersection of the finite element model can be seen in the picture below. The components are modeled individually and are assembled using compatibility conditions at the contact surfaces. In addition to the parts, which can be seen in the intersection, the epoxy resin is modeled for the sake of completeness. In further investigationsmeasurements of the hub assembly will be established and a model updating will be performed. [[File:Mesh_of_the_hub_assembly.png|300px]] *'''CAD Assembly Model''' [[File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png|80px]] Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] *'''Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN.''' [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] ==Model Updating== Model updating is a method to adjust parameters of a simulation model automatically so that it matches the dynamic behavior of the measured part. In the present case the modal parameters from the experiments are used as reference to find material parameters for the finite element model. For this purpose an objective function is created which includes the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies and -vectors. Reaching a good result in optimization strongly depends on the quality of the finite element model. Since the finite element models themselves contain uncertainties with respect to the real parts a good agreement for all eigenfrequnecies and -vectors could be unachievable. To counteract this problem a weighted sum is introduced which offers more variability for a good compromise of all considered modes. The weighted sum can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ1.png|170px]], where '''''x''''' is the n-dimensional vector of the parameters to be updated, ''f'' represents the single objective functions, ''w'' is the vector with the weighting factors and ''m'' the number of the considered objective functions. In the present case the overall objective function ''J'' is composed of two functions. One represents the frequencies and the other the eigenvectors such that ''J'' can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ2.png|150px]]. The weighted sum of the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies is denoted by ::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ3.png|220px]], and the deviation of the eigenvectors in form of weighted MAC values [3] is described by :::::::::::::[[File:EQ4.1.png|190px]] with [[File:EQ4.2.png|350px]]. For the optimization the Optimisation Toolbox of MATLAB is used. The finite element model is imported into MATLAB using the Structural Dynamics Toolbox [4] and reassembled in every iteration step. An eigenvalue analysis is operated and the deviations are calculated with the eigenfrequencies and -vectors extracted and imported from the modal analysis. ==Results== The proposed method is applied to the finite element model of the blade. In a preliminary set up, the optimization algorithm proposes the following set of material parameters: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter (foam) !! Value !! Unit |- | Young's modulus || 500 || MPa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0,2 || - |- | Density || 1*10^-9 || t/mm^3 |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter (carbon) !! Value !! Unit |- | Young's modulus || 1*10^5 || MPa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0,5 || - |- | Density || 1,5*10^-8 || t/mm^3 |} Using these material parameters the eigenfrequencies listed in the table below are obtained. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || first bending || 48,4 || Hz |- | 2 || second bending || 134,32 || Hz |- | 3 || first torsional || 220,14 || Hz |- | 4 || third bending || 254,07 || Hz |} The results reveal that for the bending modes a quite good accordance can be reached while the eigenfrequency of the torsional mode shows slight deviation. ==Conclusion== Within this contribution a method to identify parameters for the finite element models of the Ampair 600 wind turbine is presented. Therefore, measurements for the blades in free and clamped boundary conditions were established as well as for the hub assembly. The modal parameters were extracted and provided to a model updating routine. The model updating uses finite element models which were constructed based on the CAD models of the parts. Further effort will be made to identify parameters of the whole assembly. Additional measurements and simulations will be done to be able to apply substructuring methods on the wind turbine. ==IMAC 2014== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 in which a finite element model is updated to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted on this page. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] ==References== [[File:References.png|800px]] 7d0c5b78732e66dd027b6aaa3d4cd8a267cefe64 530 529 2015-01-29T15:24:05Z SEngelhe 13 /* Modeling of the Substructures */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uni stuttgart.jpg|right|100px]] The assembly of the Ampair 600 wind turbine consists of several substructures with very different material properties. Since the parameters of these materials are unknown, model updating is applied to the substructures to obtain validated finite element models. Based on experimentally determined modal parameters, the finite element models are adapted to achieve acceptable vibration behaviour. Therefore, an objective function consisting of the deviation of the eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors is used to determine Young's modulus, density and Poisson's ratio of each material. ==Introduction== Dynamic Substructuring methods offer the possibility to model high order finite element models in an efficient way [1]. A separated representation of the dynamics of the participated substructures enables the application of model reduction methods like the Craig-Bampton method and a later assembly of the different parts by Component Mode Synthesis (CMS). Therefore, the degrees of freedom (DoF) can be reduced drastically. Additionally, a validation of the components can be done individually in a more efficient way. In order to get validated finite element models, model updating methods [2] can be applied to identify material parameters. For example measured modal parameters can be provided to an optimization such that the deviation of the simulation model can be minimized automatically. Within this contribution such a model updating procedure is presented. ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters [3]. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a wire, which is attached to a frame. [[File:Free Free boundary condition of the blade.jpg|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==Modeling of the Substructures== The assembly of the wind turbine consists of many different parts. Those parts have different material parameters and are connected to each other in various ways. Since the influence of each individual part on the overall dynamics is unknown, all parts are modeled such that individual material parameters can be given to reach the best matching between simulation and experiment. The first step toward a finite element model which is able to capture the dynamics of the system is to know the geometry. Therefore, the dimensions of the real parts were recorded manually and converted into CAD models. [[File:Details of the hub model.png|200px]][[File:Turbine assembly parts.png|200px]] *'''Blade Model''' Based on the geometry a finite element model of the blade was established. Due to the complicated shape the geometry is divided in an upper (green) and lower part (red) of the blade and the flange (blue). The outer layer defined by these three sections is the composite part of the blade surrounding the core material (yellow). Each section can be meshed individually. [[File:Upper_side.png|250px]] [[File:Lower_side.png|227px]] The composite part of the blade is meshed with tria elements with an element size of 10 mm. 3D tetras with the same element size are used for the core of the blade. An intersection of the blade is given in the picture below. [[File:Intersection.png|250px]] As already mentioned, the blade is made out of two different materials. Johansson et al. performed destructive tests in "Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade" to obtain material properties of both the glass fiber composite and the core. Chemical tests, which were performed in their study, indicated that the core, as well as the resin of the glass fiber reinforced skin, consist of polypropylene (PP). The material properties used for the FE-model presented here and resulting from the investigation performed by Johansson et al. are collect in the tables below. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Core |- | Young's Modulus || 1745 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 8.18*10^-10 t/mm³ |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Skin |- | Young's Modulus perpendicular to fiber ||1745 Mpa |- | Young's Modulus in fiber direction || 14500 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 1.09*10^-9 t/mm³ |- | Shear Modulus in all directions || 700 Mpa |} The laminate of the composite skin consists of 4 layers, stacked by alternating the direction of the fibers in a 0°/90°/0°/90° order, where the fibers oriented in 0°, span from the blade root to the tip of the blade. Each ply has a thickness of 0.7 mm resulting in a total composite skin thickness of 2.8 mm. The results of the free model {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! |- | 1 || First bending || 49.2 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 139.7 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 220.1 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 272.6 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 348.5 Hz |} For the modal analysis of the clamped in model, constraints were created at the flange. The results of the constraint model {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! |- | 1 || First bending || 21.5 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending ||75.9 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 140.2 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 189.3 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 208.4 Hz |} *'''Hub Model''' The hub of the wind turbine is a complex part which has numerous components. An intersection of the finite element model can be seen in the picture below. The components are modeled individually and are assembled using compatibility conditions at the contact surfaces. In addition to the parts, which can be seen in the intersection, the epoxy resin is modeled for the sake of completeness. In further investigationsmeasurements of the hub assembly will be established and a model updating will be performed. [[File:Mesh_of_the_hub_assembly.png|300px]] *'''CAD Assembly Model''' [[File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png|80px]] Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] *'''Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN.''' [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] ==Model Updating== Model updating is a method to adjust parameters of a simulation model automatically so that it matches the dynamic behavior of the measured part. In the present case the modal parameters from the experiments are used as reference to find material parameters for the finite element model. For this purpose an objective function is created which includes the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies and -vectors. Reaching a good result in optimization strongly depends on the quality of the finite element model. Since the finite element models themselves contain uncertainties with respect to the real parts a good agreement for all eigenfrequnecies and -vectors could be unachievable. To counteract this problem a weighted sum is introduced which offers more variability for a good compromise of all considered modes. The weighted sum can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ1.png|170px]], where '''''x''''' is the n-dimensional vector of the parameters to be updated, ''f'' represents the single objective functions, ''w'' is the vector with the weighting factors and ''m'' the number of the considered objective functions. In the present case the overall objective function ''J'' is composed of two functions. One represents the frequencies and the other the eigenvectors such that ''J'' can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ2.png|150px]]. The weighted sum of the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies is denoted by ::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ3.png|220px]], and the deviation of the eigenvectors in form of weighted MAC values [3] is described by :::::::::::::[[File:EQ4.1.png|190px]] with [[File:EQ4.2.png|350px]]. For the optimization the Optimisation Toolbox of MATLAB is used. The finite element model is imported into MATLAB using the Structural Dynamics Toolbox [4] and reassembled in every iteration step. An eigenvalue analysis is operated and the deviations are calculated with the eigenfrequencies and -vectors extracted and imported from the modal analysis. ==Results== The proposed method is applied to the finite element model of the blade. In a preliminary set up, the optimization algorithm proposes the following set of material parameters: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter (foam) !! Value !! Unit |- | Young's modulus || 500 || MPa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0,2 || - |- | Density || 1*10^-9 || t/mm^3 |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter (carbon) !! Value !! Unit |- | Young's modulus || 1*10^5 || MPa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0,5 || - |- | Density || 1,5*10^-8 || t/mm^3 |} Using these material parameters the eigenfrequencies listed in the table below are obtained. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || first bending || 48,4 || Hz |- | 2 || second bending || 134,32 || Hz |- | 3 || first torsional || 220,14 || Hz |- | 4 || third bending || 254,07 || Hz |} The results reveal that for the bending modes a quite good accordance can be reached while the eigenfrequency of the torsional mode shows slight deviation. ==Conclusion== Within this contribution a method to identify parameters for the finite element models of the Ampair 600 wind turbine is presented. Therefore, measurements for the blades in free and clamped boundary conditions were established as well as for the hub assembly. The modal parameters were extracted and provided to a model updating routine. The model updating uses finite element models which were constructed based on the CAD models of the parts. Further effort will be made to identify parameters of the whole assembly. Additional measurements and simulations will be done to be able to apply substructuring methods on the wind turbine. ==IMAC 2014== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 in which a finite element model is updated to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted on this page. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] ==References== [[File:References.png|800px]] 32d0a06e5f6929b6959b2af5d1e3e9a984c0348d 531 530 2015-01-29T15:28:13Z SEngelhe 13 /* Modeling of the Substructures */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uni stuttgart.jpg|right|100px]] The assembly of the Ampair 600 wind turbine consists of several substructures with very different material properties. Since the parameters of these materials are unknown, model updating is applied to the substructures to obtain validated finite element models. Based on experimentally determined modal parameters, the finite element models are adapted to achieve acceptable vibration behaviour. Therefore, an objective function consisting of the deviation of the eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors is used to determine Young's modulus, density and Poisson's ratio of each material. ==Introduction== Dynamic Substructuring methods offer the possibility to model high order finite element models in an efficient way [1]. A separated representation of the dynamics of the participated substructures enables the application of model reduction methods like the Craig-Bampton method and a later assembly of the different parts by Component Mode Synthesis (CMS). Therefore, the degrees of freedom (DoF) can be reduced drastically. Additionally, a validation of the components can be done individually in a more efficient way. In order to get validated finite element models, model updating methods [2] can be applied to identify material parameters. For example measured modal parameters can be provided to an optimization such that the deviation of the simulation model can be minimized automatically. Within this contribution such a model updating procedure is presented. ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters [3]. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a wire, which is attached to a frame. [[File:Free Free boundary condition of the blade.jpg|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==Modeling of the Substructures== The assembly of the wind turbine consists of many different parts. Those parts have different material parameters and are connected to each other in various ways. Since the influence of each individual part on the overall dynamics is unknown, all parts are modeled such that individual material parameters can be given to reach the best matching between simulation and experiment. The first step toward a finite element model which is able to capture the dynamics of the system is to know the geometry. Therefore, the dimensions of the real parts were recorded manually and converted into CAD models. [[File:Details of the hub model.png|200px]][[File:Turbine assembly parts.png|200px]] *'''Blade Model''' Based on the geometry a finite element model of the blade was established. Due to the complicated shape the geometry is divided in an upper (green) and lower part (red) of the blade and the flange (blue). The outer layer defined by these three sections is the composite part of the blade surrounding the core material (yellow). Each section can be meshed individually. [[File:Upper_side.png|250px]] [[File:Lower_side.png|227px]] The composite part of the blade is meshed with tria elements with an element size of 10 mm. 3D tetras with the same element size are used for the core of the blade. An intersection of the blade is given in the picture below. [[File:Intersection.png|250px]] As already mentioned, the blade is made out of two different materials. Johansson et al. performed destructive tests in "Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade" to obtain material properties of both the glass fiber composite and the core. Chemical tests, which were performed in their study, indicated that the core, as well as the resin of the glass fiber reinforced skin, consist of polypropylene (PP). The material properties used for the FE-model presented here and resulting from the investigation performed by Johansson et al. are collect in the tables below. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Core |- | Young's Modulus || 1745 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 8.18*10^-10 t/mm³ |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Skin |- | Young's Modulus perpendicular to fiber ||1745 Mpa |- | Young's Modulus in fiber direction || 14500 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 1.09*10^-9 t/mm³ |- | Shear Modulus in all directions || 700 Mpa |} The laminate of the composite skin consists of 4 layers, stacked by alternating the direction of the fibers in a 0°/90°/0°/90° order, where the fibers oriented in 0°, span from the blade root to the tip of the blade. Each ply has a thickness of 0.7 mm resulting in a total composite skin thickness of 2.8 mm. The results of the free model {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! |- | 1 || First bending || 49.2 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 139.7 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 220.1 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 272.6 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 348.5 Hz |} For the modal analysis of the clamped in model, constraints were created at the flange. The results of the constraint model {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! |- | 1 || First bending || 21.5 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending ||75.8 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 140.2 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 189.3 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 208.0 Hz |} *'''Hub Model''' The hub of the wind turbine is a complex part which has numerous components. An intersection of the finite element model can be seen in the picture below. The components are modeled individually and are assembled using compatibility conditions at the contact surfaces. In addition to the parts, which can be seen in the intersection, the epoxy resin is modeled for the sake of completeness. In further investigationsmeasurements of the hub assembly will be established and a model updating will be performed. [[File:Mesh_of_the_hub_assembly.png|300px]] *'''CAD Assembly Model''' [[File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png|80px]] Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] *'''Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN.''' [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] ==Model Updating== Model updating is a method to adjust parameters of a simulation model automatically so that it matches the dynamic behavior of the measured part. In the present case the modal parameters from the experiments are used as reference to find material parameters for the finite element model. For this purpose an objective function is created which includes the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies and -vectors. Reaching a good result in optimization strongly depends on the quality of the finite element model. Since the finite element models themselves contain uncertainties with respect to the real parts a good agreement for all eigenfrequnecies and -vectors could be unachievable. To counteract this problem a weighted sum is introduced which offers more variability for a good compromise of all considered modes. The weighted sum can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ1.png|170px]], where '''''x''''' is the n-dimensional vector of the parameters to be updated, ''f'' represents the single objective functions, ''w'' is the vector with the weighting factors and ''m'' the number of the considered objective functions. In the present case the overall objective function ''J'' is composed of two functions. One represents the frequencies and the other the eigenvectors such that ''J'' can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ2.png|150px]]. The weighted sum of the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies is denoted by ::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ3.png|220px]], and the deviation of the eigenvectors in form of weighted MAC values [3] is described by :::::::::::::[[File:EQ4.1.png|190px]] with [[File:EQ4.2.png|350px]]. For the optimization the Optimisation Toolbox of MATLAB is used. The finite element model is imported into MATLAB using the Structural Dynamics Toolbox [4] and reassembled in every iteration step. An eigenvalue analysis is operated and the deviations are calculated with the eigenfrequencies and -vectors extracted and imported from the modal analysis. ==Results== The proposed method is applied to the finite element model of the blade. In a preliminary set up, the optimization algorithm proposes the following set of material parameters: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter (foam) !! Value !! Unit |- | Young's modulus || 500 || MPa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0,2 || - |- | Density || 1*10^-9 || t/mm^3 |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter (carbon) !! Value !! Unit |- | Young's modulus || 1*10^5 || MPa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0,5 || - |- | Density || 1,5*10^-8 || t/mm^3 |} Using these material parameters the eigenfrequencies listed in the table below are obtained. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || first bending || 48,4 || Hz |- | 2 || second bending || 134,32 || Hz |- | 3 || first torsional || 220,14 || Hz |- | 4 || third bending || 254,07 || Hz |} The results reveal that for the bending modes a quite good accordance can be reached while the eigenfrequency of the torsional mode shows slight deviation. ==Conclusion== Within this contribution a method to identify parameters for the finite element models of the Ampair 600 wind turbine is presented. Therefore, measurements for the blades in free and clamped boundary conditions were established as well as for the hub assembly. The modal parameters were extracted and provided to a model updating routine. The model updating uses finite element models which were constructed based on the CAD models of the parts. Further effort will be made to identify parameters of the whole assembly. Additional measurements and simulations will be done to be able to apply substructuring methods on the wind turbine. ==IMAC 2014== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 in which a finite element model is updated to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted on this page. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] ==References== [[File:References.png|800px]] 4a21498a2cf3e6f53df1032ae110b8e00049e703 533 531 2015-01-29T15:35:03Z SEngelhe 13 /* Modeling of the Substructures */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uni stuttgart.jpg|right|100px]] The assembly of the Ampair 600 wind turbine consists of several substructures with very different material properties. Since the parameters of these materials are unknown, model updating is applied to the substructures to obtain validated finite element models. Based on experimentally determined modal parameters, the finite element models are adapted to achieve acceptable vibration behaviour. Therefore, an objective function consisting of the deviation of the eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors is used to determine Young's modulus, density and Poisson's ratio of each material. ==Introduction== Dynamic Substructuring methods offer the possibility to model high order finite element models in an efficient way [1]. A separated representation of the dynamics of the participated substructures enables the application of model reduction methods like the Craig-Bampton method and a later assembly of the different parts by Component Mode Synthesis (CMS). Therefore, the degrees of freedom (DoF) can be reduced drastically. Additionally, a validation of the components can be done individually in a more efficient way. In order to get validated finite element models, model updating methods [2] can be applied to identify material parameters. For example measured modal parameters can be provided to an optimization such that the deviation of the simulation model can be minimized automatically. Within this contribution such a model updating procedure is presented. ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters [3]. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a wire, which is attached to a frame. [[File:Free Free boundary condition of the blade.jpg|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==Modeling of the Substructures== The assembly of the wind turbine consists of many different parts. Those parts have different material parameters and are connected to each other in various ways. Since the influence of each individual part on the overall dynamics is unknown, all parts are modeled such that individual material parameters can be given to reach the best matching between simulation and experiment. The first step toward a finite element model which is able to capture the dynamics of the system is to know the geometry. Therefore, the dimensions of the real parts were recorded manually and converted into CAD models. [[File:Details of the hub model.png|200px]][[File:Turbine assembly parts.png|200px]] *'''Blade Model''' Based on the geometry a finite element model of the blade was established. Due to the complicated shape the geometry is divided in an upper (green) and lower part (red) of the blade and the flange (blue). The outer layer defined by these three sections is the composite part of the blade surrounding the core material (yellow). Each section can be meshed individually. [[File:Upper_side.png|250px]] [[File:Lower_side.png|227px]] The composite part of the blade is meshed with tria elements with an element size of 10 mm. 3D tetras with the same element size are used for the core of the blade. An intersection of the blade is given in the picture below. [[File:Intersection.png|250px]] As already mentioned, the blade is made out of two different materials. Johansson et al. performed destructive tests in "Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade" to obtain material properties of both the glass fiber composite and the core. Chemical tests, which were performed in their study, indicated that the core, as well as the resin of the glass fiber reinforced skin, consist of polypropylene (PP). The material properties used for the FE-model presented here and resulting from the investigation performed by Johansson et al. are collect in the tables below. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Core |- | Young's Modulus || 1745 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 8.18*10^-10 t/mm³ |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Skin |- | Young's Modulus perpendicular to fiber ||1745 Mpa |- | Young's Modulus in fiber direction || 14500 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 1.09*10^-9 t/mm³ |- | Shear Modulus in all directions || 700 Mpa |} The laminate of the composite skin consists of 4 layers, stacked by alternating the direction of the fibers in a 0°/90°/0°/90° order, where the fibers oriented in 0°, span from the blade root to the tip of the blade. Each ply has a thickness of 0.7 mm resulting in a total composite skin thickness of 2.8 mm. [[File:Laminate.png|500px]] The results of the free model {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! |- | 1 || First bending || 49.2 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 139.7 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 220.1 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 272.6 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 348.5 Hz |} For the modal analysis of the clamped in model, constraints were created at the flange. The results of the constraint model {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! |- | 1 || First bending || 21.5 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending ||75.8 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 140.2 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 189.3 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 208.0 Hz |} *'''Hub Model''' The hub of the wind turbine is a complex part which has numerous components. An intersection of the finite element model can be seen in the picture below. The components are modeled individually and are assembled using compatibility conditions at the contact surfaces. In addition to the parts, which can be seen in the intersection, the epoxy resin is modeled for the sake of completeness. In further investigationsmeasurements of the hub assembly will be established and a model updating will be performed. [[File:Mesh_of_the_hub_assembly.png|300px]] *'''CAD Assembly Model''' [[File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png|80px]] Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] *'''Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN.''' [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] ==Model Updating== Model updating is a method to adjust parameters of a simulation model automatically so that it matches the dynamic behavior of the measured part. In the present case the modal parameters from the experiments are used as reference to find material parameters for the finite element model. For this purpose an objective function is created which includes the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies and -vectors. Reaching a good result in optimization strongly depends on the quality of the finite element model. Since the finite element models themselves contain uncertainties with respect to the real parts a good agreement for all eigenfrequnecies and -vectors could be unachievable. To counteract this problem a weighted sum is introduced which offers more variability for a good compromise of all considered modes. The weighted sum can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ1.png|170px]], where '''''x''''' is the n-dimensional vector of the parameters to be updated, ''f'' represents the single objective functions, ''w'' is the vector with the weighting factors and ''m'' the number of the considered objective functions. In the present case the overall objective function ''J'' is composed of two functions. One represents the frequencies and the other the eigenvectors such that ''J'' can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ2.png|150px]]. The weighted sum of the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies is denoted by ::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ3.png|220px]], and the deviation of the eigenvectors in form of weighted MAC values [3] is described by :::::::::::::[[File:EQ4.1.png|190px]] with [[File:EQ4.2.png|350px]]. For the optimization the Optimisation Toolbox of MATLAB is used. The finite element model is imported into MATLAB using the Structural Dynamics Toolbox [4] and reassembled in every iteration step. An eigenvalue analysis is operated and the deviations are calculated with the eigenfrequencies and -vectors extracted and imported from the modal analysis. ==Results== The proposed method is applied to the finite element model of the blade. In a preliminary set up, the optimization algorithm proposes the following set of material parameters: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter (foam) !! Value !! Unit |- | Young's modulus || 500 || MPa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0,2 || - |- | Density || 1*10^-9 || t/mm^3 |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter (carbon) !! Value !! Unit |- | Young's modulus || 1*10^5 || MPa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0,5 || - |- | Density || 1,5*10^-8 || t/mm^3 |} Using these material parameters the eigenfrequencies listed in the table below are obtained. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || first bending || 48,4 || Hz |- | 2 || second bending || 134,32 || Hz |- | 3 || first torsional || 220,14 || Hz |- | 4 || third bending || 254,07 || Hz |} The results reveal that for the bending modes a quite good accordance can be reached while the eigenfrequency of the torsional mode shows slight deviation. ==Conclusion== Within this contribution a method to identify parameters for the finite element models of the Ampair 600 wind turbine is presented. Therefore, measurements for the blades in free and clamped boundary conditions were established as well as for the hub assembly. The modal parameters were extracted and provided to a model updating routine. The model updating uses finite element models which were constructed based on the CAD models of the parts. Further effort will be made to identify parameters of the whole assembly. Additional measurements and simulations will be done to be able to apply substructuring methods on the wind turbine. ==IMAC 2014== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 in which a finite element model is updated to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted on this page. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] ==References== [[File:References.png|800px]] f2c37834d0482839a167e590d1db2d36c478403b 534 533 2015-01-29T15:39:28Z SEngelhe 13 /* Modeling of the Substructures */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uni stuttgart.jpg|right|100px]] The assembly of the Ampair 600 wind turbine consists of several substructures with very different material properties. Since the parameters of these materials are unknown, model updating is applied to the substructures to obtain validated finite element models. Based on experimentally determined modal parameters, the finite element models are adapted to achieve acceptable vibration behaviour. Therefore, an objective function consisting of the deviation of the eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors is used to determine Young's modulus, density and Poisson's ratio of each material. ==Introduction== Dynamic Substructuring methods offer the possibility to model high order finite element models in an efficient way [1]. A separated representation of the dynamics of the participated substructures enables the application of model reduction methods like the Craig-Bampton method and a later assembly of the different parts by Component Mode Synthesis (CMS). Therefore, the degrees of freedom (DoF) can be reduced drastically. Additionally, a validation of the components can be done individually in a more efficient way. In order to get validated finite element models, model updating methods [2] can be applied to identify material parameters. For example measured modal parameters can be provided to an optimization such that the deviation of the simulation model can be minimized automatically. Within this contribution such a model updating procedure is presented. ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters [3]. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a wire, which is attached to a frame. [[File:Free Free boundary condition of the blade.jpg|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==Modeling of the Substructures== The assembly of the wind turbine consists of many different parts. Those parts have different material parameters and are connected to each other in various ways. Since the influence of each individual part on the overall dynamics is unknown, all parts are modeled such that individual material parameters can be given to reach the best matching between simulation and experiment. The first step toward a finite element model which is able to capture the dynamics of the system is to know the geometry. Therefore, the dimensions of the real parts were recorded manually and converted into CAD models. [[File:Details of the hub model.png|200px]][[File:Turbine assembly parts.png|200px]] *'''Blade Model''' Based on the geometry a finite element model of the blade was established. Due to the complicated shape the geometry is divided in an upper (green) and lower part (red) of the blade and the flange (blue). The outer layer defined by these three sections is the composite part of the blade surrounding the core material (yellow). Each section can be meshed individually. [[File:Upper_side.png|250px]] [[File:Lower_side.png|227px]] The composite part of the blade is meshed with tria elements with an element size of 10 mm. 3D tetras with the same element size are used for the core of the blade. An intersection of the blade is given in the picture below. [[File:Intersection.png|250px]] As already mentioned, the blade is made out of two different materials. Johansson et al. performed destructive tests in "Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade" to obtain material properties of both the glass fiber composite and the core. Chemical tests, which were performed in their study, indicated that the core, as well as the resin of the glass fiber reinforced skin, consist of polypropylene (PP). The material properties used for the FE-model presented here and resulting from the investigation performed by Johansson et al. are collect in the tables below. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Core |- | Young's Modulus || 1745 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 8.18*10^-10 t/mm³ |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Skin |- | Young's Modulus perpendicular to fiber ||1745 Mpa |- | Young's Modulus in fiber direction || 14500 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 1.09*10^-9 t/mm³ |- | Shear Modulus in all directions || 700 Mpa |} The laminate of the composite skin consists of 4 layers, stacked by alternating the direction of the fibers in a 0°/90°/0°/90° order, where the fibers oriented in 0°, span from the blade root to the tip of the blade. Each ply has a thickness of 0.7 mm resulting in a total composite skin thickness of 2.8 mm. [[File:Laminate.png|500px]] A modal analysis was performed with this FE-modal in both free free and clamped condition. The clamped condition was realized by putting constraints on nodes of the flange. Results obtained from the free free model: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! |- | 1 || First bending || 49.2 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 139.7 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 220.1 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 272.6 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 348.5 Hz |} Results of the model with constraints: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! |- | 1 || First bending || 21.5 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending ||75.8 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 140.2 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 189.3 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 208.0 Hz |} *'''Hub Model''' The hub of the wind turbine is a complex part which has numerous components. An intersection of the finite element model can be seen in the picture below. The components are modeled individually and are assembled using compatibility conditions at the contact surfaces. In addition to the parts, which can be seen in the intersection, the epoxy resin is modeled for the sake of completeness. In further investigationsmeasurements of the hub assembly will be established and a model updating will be performed. [[File:Mesh_of_the_hub_assembly.png|300px]] *'''CAD Assembly Model''' [[File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png|80px]] Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] *'''Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN.''' [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] ==Model Updating== Model updating is a method to adjust parameters of a simulation model automatically so that it matches the dynamic behavior of the measured part. In the present case the modal parameters from the experiments are used as reference to find material parameters for the finite element model. For this purpose an objective function is created which includes the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies and -vectors. Reaching a good result in optimization strongly depends on the quality of the finite element model. Since the finite element models themselves contain uncertainties with respect to the real parts a good agreement for all eigenfrequnecies and -vectors could be unachievable. To counteract this problem a weighted sum is introduced which offers more variability for a good compromise of all considered modes. The weighted sum can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ1.png|170px]], where '''''x''''' is the n-dimensional vector of the parameters to be updated, ''f'' represents the single objective functions, ''w'' is the vector with the weighting factors and ''m'' the number of the considered objective functions. In the present case the overall objective function ''J'' is composed of two functions. One represents the frequencies and the other the eigenvectors such that ''J'' can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ2.png|150px]]. The weighted sum of the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies is denoted by ::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ3.png|220px]], and the deviation of the eigenvectors in form of weighted MAC values [3] is described by :::::::::::::[[File:EQ4.1.png|190px]] with [[File:EQ4.2.png|350px]]. For the optimization the Optimisation Toolbox of MATLAB is used. The finite element model is imported into MATLAB using the Structural Dynamics Toolbox [4] and reassembled in every iteration step. An eigenvalue analysis is operated and the deviations are calculated with the eigenfrequencies and -vectors extracted and imported from the modal analysis. ==Results== The proposed method is applied to the finite element model of the blade. In a preliminary set up, the optimization algorithm proposes the following set of material parameters: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter (foam) !! Value !! Unit |- | Young's modulus || 500 || MPa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0,2 || - |- | Density || 1*10^-9 || t/mm^3 |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter (carbon) !! Value !! Unit |- | Young's modulus || 1*10^5 || MPa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0,5 || - |- | Density || 1,5*10^-8 || t/mm^3 |} Using these material parameters the eigenfrequencies listed in the table below are obtained. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || first bending || 48,4 || Hz |- | 2 || second bending || 134,32 || Hz |- | 3 || first torsional || 220,14 || Hz |- | 4 || third bending || 254,07 || Hz |} The results reveal that for the bending modes a quite good accordance can be reached while the eigenfrequency of the torsional mode shows slight deviation. ==Conclusion== Within this contribution a method to identify parameters for the finite element models of the Ampair 600 wind turbine is presented. Therefore, measurements for the blades in free and clamped boundary conditions were established as well as for the hub assembly. The modal parameters were extracted and provided to a model updating routine. The model updating uses finite element models which were constructed based on the CAD models of the parts. Further effort will be made to identify parameters of the whole assembly. Additional measurements and simulations will be done to be able to apply substructuring methods on the wind turbine. ==IMAC 2014== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 in which a finite element model is updated to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted on this page. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] ==References== [[File:References.png|800px]] c7b9d96269f934759cd5a0ca0504bd9f236585cc 535 534 2015-01-29T15:54:29Z SEngelhe 13 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uni stuttgart.jpg|right|100px]] The assembly of the Ampair 600 wind turbine consists of several substructures with very different material properties. Since the parameters of these materials are unknown, model updating is applied to the substructures to obtain validated finite element models. Based on experimentally determined modal parameters, the finite element models are adapted to achieve acceptable vibration behaviour. Therefore, an objective function consisting of the deviation of the eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors is used to determine Young's modulus, density and Poisson's ratio of each material. ==Introduction== Dynamic Substructuring methods offer the possibility to model high order finite element models in an efficient way [1]. A separated representation of the dynamics of the participated substructures enables the application of model reduction methods like the Craig-Bampton method and a later assembly of the different parts by Component Mode Synthesis (CMS). Therefore, the degrees of freedom (DoF) can be reduced drastically. Additionally, a validation of the components can be done individually in a more efficient way. In order to get validated finite element models, model updating methods [2] can be applied to identify material parameters. For example measured modal parameters can be provided to an optimization such that the deviation of the simulation model can be minimized automatically. Within this contribution such a model updating procedure is presented. ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters [3]. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a wire, which is attached to a frame. [[File:Free Free boundary condition of the blade.jpg|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==Modeling of the Substructures== The assembly of the wind turbine consists of many different parts. Those parts have different material parameters and are connected to each other in various ways. Since the influence of each individual part on the overall dynamics is unknown, all parts are modeled such that individual material parameters can be given to reach the best matching between simulation and experiment. The first step toward a finite element model which is able to capture the dynamics of the system is to know the geometry. Therefore, the dimensions of the real parts were recorded manually and converted into CAD models. [[File:Details of the hub model.png|200px]][[File:Turbine assembly parts.png|200px]] *'''Blade Model''' Based on the geometry a finite element model of the blade was established. Due to the complicated shape the geometry is divided in an upper (green) and lower part (red) of the blade and the flange (blue). The outer layer defined by these three sections is the composite part of the blade surrounding the core material (yellow). Each section can be meshed individually. [[File:Upper_side.png|250px]] [[File:Lower_side.png|227px]] The composite part of the blade is meshed with tria elements with an element size of 10 mm. 3D tetras with the same element size are used for the core of the blade. An intersection of the blade is given in the picture below. [[File:Intersection.png|250px]] As already mentioned, the blade is made out of two different materials. Johansson et al. performed destructive tests in "Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade" to obtain material properties of both the glass fiber composite and the core. Chemical tests, which were performed in their study, indicated that the core, as well as the resin of the glass fiber reinforced skin, consist of polypropylene (PP). The material properties used for the FE-model presented here and resulting from the investigation performed by Johansson et al. are collect in the tables below. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Core |- | Young's Modulus || 1745 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 8.18*10^-10 t/mm³ |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Skin |- | Young's Modulus perpendicular to fiber ||1745 Mpa |- | Young's Modulus in fiber direction || 14500 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 1.09*10^-9 t/mm³ |- | Shear Modulus in all directions || 700 Mpa |} The laminate of the composite skin consists of 4 layers, stacked by alternating the direction of the fibers in a 0°/90°/0°/90° order, where the fibers oriented in 0°, span from the blade root to the tip of the blade. Each ply has a thickness of 0.7 mm resulting in a total composite skin thickness of 2.8 mm. [[File:Laminate.png|500px]] A modal analysis was performed with this FE-modal in both free and clamped boundary condition. The clamped condition was realized by putting constraints on nodes of the flange. Results obtained from the free model: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! FE !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 |- | 1 || First bending || 49.2 Hz || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 139.7 Hz || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 220.1 Hz || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 272.6 Hz || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 348.5 Hz || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz |} Results of the model with constraints: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! |- | 1 || First bending || 21.5 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending ||75.8 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 140.2 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 189.3 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 208.0 Hz |} *'''Hub Model''' The hub of the wind turbine is a complex part which has numerous components. An intersection of the finite element model can be seen in the picture below. The components are modeled individually and are assembled using compatibility conditions at the contact surfaces. In addition to the parts, which can be seen in the intersection, the epoxy resin is modeled for the sake of completeness. In further investigationsmeasurements of the hub assembly will be established and a model updating will be performed. [[File:Mesh_of_the_hub_assembly.png|300px]] *'''CAD Assembly Model''' [[File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png|80px]] Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] *'''Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN.''' [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] ==Model Updating== Model updating is a method to adjust parameters of a simulation model automatically so that it matches the dynamic behavior of the measured part. In the present case the modal parameters from the experiments are used as reference to find material parameters for the finite element model. For this purpose an objective function is created which includes the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies and -vectors. Reaching a good result in optimization strongly depends on the quality of the finite element model. Since the finite element models themselves contain uncertainties with respect to the real parts a good agreement for all eigenfrequnecies and -vectors could be unachievable. To counteract this problem a weighted sum is introduced which offers more variability for a good compromise of all considered modes. The weighted sum can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ1.png|170px]], where '''''x''''' is the n-dimensional vector of the parameters to be updated, ''f'' represents the single objective functions, ''w'' is the vector with the weighting factors and ''m'' the number of the considered objective functions. In the present case the overall objective function ''J'' is composed of two functions. One represents the frequencies and the other the eigenvectors such that ''J'' can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ2.png|150px]]. The weighted sum of the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies is denoted by ::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ3.png|220px]], and the deviation of the eigenvectors in form of weighted MAC values [3] is described by :::::::::::::[[File:EQ4.1.png|190px]] with [[File:EQ4.2.png|350px]]. For the optimization the Optimisation Toolbox of MATLAB is used. The finite element model is imported into MATLAB using the Structural Dynamics Toolbox [4] and reassembled in every iteration step. An eigenvalue analysis is operated and the deviations are calculated with the eigenfrequencies and -vectors extracted and imported from the modal analysis. ==Conclusion== Within this contribution a method to identify parameters for the finite element models of the Ampair 600 wind turbine is presented. Therefore, measurements for the blades in free and clamped boundary conditions were established as well as for the hub assembly. The modal parameters were extracted and provided to a model updating routine. The model updating uses finite element models which were constructed based on the CAD models of the parts. Further effort will be made to identify parameters of the whole assembly. Additional measurements and simulations will be done to be able to apply substructuring methods on the wind turbine. ==IMAC 2014== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 in which a finite element model is updated to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted on this page. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] ==References== [[File:References.png|800px]] effe85d7842da14a7c1c1a8f50afc6df73033625 6 171 498 2014-05-28T11:59:40Z SEngelhe 13 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 175 503 2014-06-02T11:49:03Z SEngelhe 13 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 0 94 507 373 2014-06-15T21:22:35Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki The wiki provides a quick and easy means to [[Special:Upload | upload files]] and post them to a page you might create. The interface to upload the files is located in the Toolbox section of the Navigation Bar on the left side. You must be logged in to upload files. The page lists permitted file types. If you wish to upload a file type that is not listed in that list, contact [[mailto:substructurewiki@cae.wisc.edu substructurewiki@cae.wisc.edu]]. Our web host has an imposed limit of 32 MB per file for upload. == Large File Upload == To upload files larger than 32 MB, three options exist. === Manual Upload === To circumvent upload size restrictions, users with command-line access to the server (i.e. those in Matt Allen's research group at UW-Madison) can manually place your file on the server and build a link to the Wiki for it. To do this, upload your file to the following shared folder (or post it at some other location where they can access it such as on Dropbox or GoogleDocs). In your wiki page, enter the file name in the location where you would like the link. As Matt & Dan are able they will transfer your file to the Wiki and create the link. [https://uwmadison.box.com/s/co09znd48vb9hbwzw1cz : Link to External Folder] === External Upload === Files can be uploaded to an external hosting site and linked externally. See the example above or the wiki's [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for more information on creating external links. === Compression === Compression can only go so far, and the server's security software seems to be overzealous at flagging compressed file formats (especially *.zip files). The security software seems to be more lenient with *.rar compressed files, although the occasional false positive still occurs. If the server won't let you upload your compressed file, see one of the other methods. af87332235ed5d2e4eb9e07ace82b0a90cac49d1 0 15 508 303 2014-08-07T21:06:40Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki Below is a video of Patrick Hunter exciting the turbine into its pitch mode: http://youtu.be/uIj_m17DR4I [[Category:Contributor]] A single blade from the Ampair was connected to the hub and tested in free-free conditions in July 2014, using a modal hammer for input with a few accelerometers as outputs. The measurements can be downloaded at the link below. Ampair Nonlinear Joint Measurements ad97c77fba492030e51f12e37f681b19e748e79e 510 508 2014-08-07T21:08:37Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki Below is a video of Patrick Hunter exciting the turbine into its pitch mode: http://youtu.be/uIj_m17DR4I [[Category:Contributor]] A single blade from the Ampair was connected to the hub and tested in free-free conditions in July 2014, using a modal hammer for input with a few accelerometers as outputs. The measurements can be downloaded at the link below. Ampair Nonlinear Joint Measurements 06fb90a8494dda6b31c670bedbaa6e450079969a 511 510 2014-08-07T21:09:38Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki Below is a video of Patrick Hunter exciting the turbine into its pitch mode: http://youtu.be/uIj_m17DR4I [[Category:Contributor]] A single blade from the Ampair was connected to the hub and tested in free-free conditions in July 2014, using a modal hammer for input with a few accelerometers as outputs. The measurements can be downloaded at the link below. [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/0/02/Response1BladeHub_SandiaJointsInstitute.zip Ampair Nonlinear Joint Measurements] fd259b178afdefa4ce30d8900e12c0608f1ecf52 513 511 2014-08-07T21:16:34Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki Below is a video of Patrick Hunter exciting the turbine into its pitch mode: http://youtu.be/uIj_m17DR4I [[Category:Contributor]] A single blade from the Ampair was connected to the hub and tested in free-free conditions in July 2014, using a modal hammer for input with a few accelerometers as outputs. The measurements can be downloaded at the link below. [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/db/Response_1BladeHub_SandiaJointsInstitute.zip Ampair Nonlinear Joint Measurements] 37f9151378ec7dc3dffe0e6fe00a5e8d2148c8a3 6 179 512 2014-08-07T21:16:18Z MSAllen 1 Each file contains the average response (no further details given) at a certain force level. The force time history recorded by the load cell is also provided. These measurements were supplied by Chiara Gastaldi cgastaldi89@gmail.com from the Sandia Sum wikitext text/x-wiki Each file contains the average response (no further details given) at a certain force level. The force time history recorded by the load cell is also provided. These measurements were supplied by Chiara Gastaldi cgastaldi89@gmail.com from the Sandia Summer Joints Institute in July 2014. A single blade from the Ampair 600 turbine was tested with free boundary conditions (supported by bungees) with several accelerometers attached to the blade. It was excited by a modal impact hammer. 2f6e6be35360d3b4b89786b298e54d6a25c41932 0 19 536 535 2015-01-29T15:56:56Z SEngelhe 13 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uni stuttgart.jpg|right|100px]] The assembly of the Ampair 600 wind turbine consists of several substructures with very different material properties. Since the parameters of these materials are unknown, model updating is applied to the substructures to obtain validated finite element models. Based on experimentally determined modal parameters, the finite element models are adapted to achieve acceptable vibration behaviour. Therefore, an objective function consisting of the deviation of the eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors is used to determine Young's modulus, density and Poisson's ratio of each material. ==Introduction== Dynamic Substructuring methods offer the possibility to model high order finite element models in an efficient way [1]. A separated representation of the dynamics of the participated substructures enables the application of model reduction methods like the Craig-Bampton method and a later assembly of the different parts by Component Mode Synthesis (CMS). Therefore, the degrees of freedom (DoF) can be reduced drastically. Additionally, a validation of the components can be done individually in a more efficient way. In order to get validated finite element models, model updating methods [2] can be applied to identify material parameters. For example measured modal parameters can be provided to an optimization such that the deviation of the simulation model can be minimized automatically. Within this contribution such a model updating procedure is presented. ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters [3]. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a wire, which is attached to a frame. [[File:Free Free boundary condition of the blade.jpg|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==Modeling of the Substructures== The assembly of the wind turbine consists of many different parts. Those parts have different material parameters and are connected to each other in various ways. Since the influence of each individual part on the overall dynamics is unknown, all parts are modeled such that individual material parameters can be given to reach the best matching between simulation and experiment. The first step toward a finite element model which is able to capture the dynamics of the system is to know the geometry. Therefore, the dimensions of the real parts were recorded manually and converted into CAD models. [[File:Details of the hub model.png|200px]][[File:Turbine assembly parts.png|200px]] *'''Blade Model''' Based on the geometry a finite element model of the blade was established. Due to the complicated shape the geometry is divided in an upper (green) and lower part (red) of the blade and the flange (blue). The outer layer defined by these three sections is the composite part of the blade surrounding the core material (yellow). Each section can be meshed individually. [[File:Upper_side.png|250px]] [[File:Lower_side.png|227px]] The composite part of the blade is meshed with tria elements with an element size of 10 mm. 3D tetras with the same element size are used for the core of the blade. An intersection of the blade is given in the picture below. [[File:Intersection.png|250px]] As already mentioned, the blade is made out of two different materials. Johansson et al. performed destructive tests in "Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade" to obtain material properties of both the glass fiber composite and the core. Chemical tests, which were performed in their study, indicated that the core, as well as the resin of the glass fiber reinforced skin, consist of polypropylene (PP). The material properties used for the FE-model presented here and resulting from the investigation performed by Johansson et al. are collect in the tables below. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Core |- | Young's Modulus || 1745 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 8.18*10^-10 t/mm³ |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Skin |- | Young's Modulus perpendicular to fiber ||1745 Mpa |- | Young's Modulus in fiber direction || 14500 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 1.09*10^-9 t/mm³ |- | Shear Modulus in all directions || 700 Mpa |} The laminate of the composite skin consists of 4 layers, stacked by alternating the direction of the fibers in a 0°/90°/0°/90° order, where the fibers oriented in 0°, span from the blade root to the tip of the blade. Each ply has a thickness of 0.7 mm resulting in a total composite skin thickness of 2.8 mm. [[File:Laminate.png|500px]] A modal analysis was performed with this FE-modal in both free and clamped boundary condition. The clamped condition was realized by putting constraints on nodes of the flange. Results obtained from the free model: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! FE !! exp.Blade 1 !! exp. Blade 2 !! exp. Blade 3 |- | 1 || First bending || 49.2 Hz || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 139.7 Hz || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 220.1 Hz || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 272.6 Hz || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 348.5 Hz || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz |} Results of the model with constraints: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! FE !! exp. Blade 1 !! exp. Blade 2 !! exp. Blade 3 |- | 1 || First bending || 21.5 Hz || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending ||75.8 Hz || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 140.2 Hz || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 189.3 Hz || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 208.0 Hz || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz |} *'''Hub Model''' The hub of the wind turbine is a complex part which has numerous components. An intersection of the finite element model can be seen in the picture below. The components are modeled individually and are assembled using compatibility conditions at the contact surfaces. In addition to the parts, which can be seen in the intersection, the epoxy resin is modeled for the sake of completeness. In further investigationsmeasurements of the hub assembly will be established and a model updating will be performed. [[File:Mesh_of_the_hub_assembly.png|300px]] *'''CAD Assembly Model''' [[File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png|80px]] Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] *'''Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN.''' [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] ==Model Updating== Model updating is a method to adjust parameters of a simulation model automatically so that it matches the dynamic behavior of the measured part. In the present case the modal parameters from the experiments are used as reference to find material parameters for the finite element model. For this purpose an objective function is created which includes the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies and -vectors. Reaching a good result in optimization strongly depends on the quality of the finite element model. Since the finite element models themselves contain uncertainties with respect to the real parts a good agreement for all eigenfrequnecies and -vectors could be unachievable. To counteract this problem a weighted sum is introduced which offers more variability for a good compromise of all considered modes. The weighted sum can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ1.png|170px]], where '''''x''''' is the n-dimensional vector of the parameters to be updated, ''f'' represents the single objective functions, ''w'' is the vector with the weighting factors and ''m'' the number of the considered objective functions. In the present case the overall objective function ''J'' is composed of two functions. One represents the frequencies and the other the eigenvectors such that ''J'' can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ2.png|150px]]. The weighted sum of the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies is denoted by ::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ3.png|220px]], and the deviation of the eigenvectors in form of weighted MAC values [3] is described by :::::::::::::[[File:EQ4.1.png|190px]] with [[File:EQ4.2.png|350px]]. For the optimization the Optimisation Toolbox of MATLAB is used. The finite element model is imported into MATLAB using the Structural Dynamics Toolbox [4] and reassembled in every iteration step. An eigenvalue analysis is operated and the deviations are calculated with the eigenfrequencies and -vectors extracted and imported from the modal analysis. ==Conclusion== Within this contribution a method to identify parameters for the finite element models of the Ampair 600 wind turbine is presented. Therefore, measurements for the blades in free and clamped boundary conditions were established as well as for the hub assembly. The modal parameters were extracted and provided to a model updating routine. The model updating uses finite element models which were constructed based on the CAD models of the parts. Further effort will be made to identify parameters of the whole assembly. Additional measurements and simulations will be done to be able to apply substructuring methods on the wind turbine. ==IMAC 2014== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 in which a finite element model is updated to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted on this page. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] ==References== [[File:References.png|800px]] f810b4f70ebaa952032b0cdc8eb4ca98c2289e85 537 536 2015-01-29T15:58:49Z SEngelhe 13 /* Modeling of the Substructures */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uni stuttgart.jpg|right|100px]] The assembly of the Ampair 600 wind turbine consists of several substructures with very different material properties. Since the parameters of these materials are unknown, model updating is applied to the substructures to obtain validated finite element models. Based on experimentally determined modal parameters, the finite element models are adapted to achieve acceptable vibration behaviour. Therefore, an objective function consisting of the deviation of the eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors is used to determine Young's modulus, density and Poisson's ratio of each material. ==Introduction== Dynamic Substructuring methods offer the possibility to model high order finite element models in an efficient way [1]. A separated representation of the dynamics of the participated substructures enables the application of model reduction methods like the Craig-Bampton method and a later assembly of the different parts by Component Mode Synthesis (CMS). Therefore, the degrees of freedom (DoF) can be reduced drastically. Additionally, a validation of the components can be done individually in a more efficient way. In order to get validated finite element models, model updating methods [2] can be applied to identify material parameters. For example measured modal parameters can be provided to an optimization such that the deviation of the simulation model can be minimized automatically. Within this contribution such a model updating procedure is presented. ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters [3]. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a wire, which is attached to a frame. [[File:Free Free boundary condition of the blade.jpg|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==Modeling of the Substructures== The assembly of the wind turbine consists of many different parts. Those parts have different material parameters and are connected to each other in various ways. Since the influence of each individual part on the overall dynamics is unknown, all parts are modeled such that individual material parameters can be given to reach the best matching between simulation and experiment. The first step toward a finite element model which is able to capture the dynamics of the system is to know the geometry. Therefore, the dimensions of the real parts were recorded manually and converted into CAD models. [[File:Details of the hub model.png|200px]][[File:Turbine assembly parts.png|200px]] *'''Blade Model''' Based on the geometry a finite element model of the blade was established. Due to the complicated shape the geometry is divided in an upper (green) and lower part (red) of the blade and the flange (blue). The outer layer defined by these three sections is the composite part of the blade surrounding the core material (yellow). Each section can be meshed individually. [[File:Upper_side.png|250px]] [[File:Lower_side.png|227px]] The composite part of the blade is meshed with tria elements with an element size of 10 mm. 3D tetras with the same element size are used for the core of the blade. An intersection of the blade is given in the picture below. [[File:Intersection.png|250px]] As already mentioned, the blade is made out of two different materials. Johansson et al. performed destructive tests in "Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade" to obtain material properties of both the glass fiber composite and the core. Chemical tests, which were performed in their study, indicated that the core, as well as the resin of the glass fiber reinforced skin, consist of polypropylene (PP). The material properties used for the FE-model presented here and resulting from the investigation performed by Johansson et al. are collect in the tables below. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Core |- | Young's Modulus || 1745 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 8.18*10^-10 t/mm³ |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Skin |- | Young's Modulus perpendicular to fiber ||1745 Mpa |- | Young's Modulus in fiber direction || 14500 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 1.09*10^-9 t/mm³ |- | Shear Modulus in all directions || 700 Mpa |} The laminate of the composite skin consists of 4 layers, stacked by alternating the direction of the fibers in a 0°/90°/0°/90° order, where the fibers oriented in 0°, span from the blade root to the tip of the blade. Each ply has a thickness of 0.7 mm resulting in a total composite skin thickness of 2.8 mm. [[File:Laminate.png|500px]] A modal analysis was performed with this FE-modal in both free and clamped boundary condition. The clamped condition was realized by putting constraints on nodes of the flange. Results obtained from the free model: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! FE !! !! exp.Blade 1 !! exp. Blade 2 !! exp. Blade 3 |- | 1 || First bending || 49.2 Hz || || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 139.7 Hz || || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 220.1 Hz || || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 272.6 Hz || || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 348.5 Hz || || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz |} Results of the model with constraints: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! FE !! !! exp. Blade 1 !! exp. Blade 2 !! exp. Blade 3 |- | 1 || First bending || 21.5 Hz || || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending ||75.8 Hz || || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 140.2 Hz || || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 189.3 Hz || || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 208.0 Hz || || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz |} *'''Hub Model''' The hub of the wind turbine is a complex part which has numerous components. An intersection of the finite element model can be seen in the picture below. The components are modeled individually and are assembled using compatibility conditions at the contact surfaces. In addition to the parts, which can be seen in the intersection, the epoxy resin is modeled for the sake of completeness. In further investigationsmeasurements of the hub assembly will be established and a model updating will be performed. [[File:Mesh_of_the_hub_assembly.png|300px]] *'''CAD Assembly Model''' [[File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png|80px]] Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] *'''Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN.''' [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] ==Model Updating== Model updating is a method to adjust parameters of a simulation model automatically so that it matches the dynamic behavior of the measured part. In the present case the modal parameters from the experiments are used as reference to find material parameters for the finite element model. For this purpose an objective function is created which includes the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies and -vectors. Reaching a good result in optimization strongly depends on the quality of the finite element model. Since the finite element models themselves contain uncertainties with respect to the real parts a good agreement for all eigenfrequnecies and -vectors could be unachievable. To counteract this problem a weighted sum is introduced which offers more variability for a good compromise of all considered modes. The weighted sum can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ1.png|170px]], where '''''x''''' is the n-dimensional vector of the parameters to be updated, ''f'' represents the single objective functions, ''w'' is the vector with the weighting factors and ''m'' the number of the considered objective functions. In the present case the overall objective function ''J'' is composed of two functions. One represents the frequencies and the other the eigenvectors such that ''J'' can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ2.png|150px]]. The weighted sum of the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies is denoted by ::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ3.png|220px]], and the deviation of the eigenvectors in form of weighted MAC values [3] is described by :::::::::::::[[File:EQ4.1.png|190px]] with [[File:EQ4.2.png|350px]]. For the optimization the Optimisation Toolbox of MATLAB is used. The finite element model is imported into MATLAB using the Structural Dynamics Toolbox [4] and reassembled in every iteration step. An eigenvalue analysis is operated and the deviations are calculated with the eigenfrequencies and -vectors extracted and imported from the modal analysis. ==Conclusion== Within this contribution a method to identify parameters for the finite element models of the Ampair 600 wind turbine is presented. Therefore, measurements for the blades in free and clamped boundary conditions were established as well as for the hub assembly. The modal parameters were extracted and provided to a model updating routine. The model updating uses finite element models which were constructed based on the CAD models of the parts. Further effort will be made to identify parameters of the whole assembly. Additional measurements and simulations will be done to be able to apply substructuring methods on the wind turbine. ==IMAC 2014== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 in which a finite element model is updated to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted on this page. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] ==References== [[File:References.png|800px]] 1b6bfcfe68f06ef6c137c20546a77fdd6c91cef6 538 537 2015-01-29T16:05:25Z SEngelhe 13 /* Modeling of the Substructures */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uni stuttgart.jpg|right|100px]] The assembly of the Ampair 600 wind turbine consists of several substructures with very different material properties. Since the parameters of these materials are unknown, model updating is applied to the substructures to obtain validated finite element models. Based on experimentally determined modal parameters, the finite element models are adapted to achieve acceptable vibration behaviour. Therefore, an objective function consisting of the deviation of the eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors is used to determine Young's modulus, density and Poisson's ratio of each material. ==Introduction== Dynamic Substructuring methods offer the possibility to model high order finite element models in an efficient way [1]. A separated representation of the dynamics of the participated substructures enables the application of model reduction methods like the Craig-Bampton method and a later assembly of the different parts by Component Mode Synthesis (CMS). Therefore, the degrees of freedom (DoF) can be reduced drastically. Additionally, a validation of the components can be done individually in a more efficient way. In order to get validated finite element models, model updating methods [2] can be applied to identify material parameters. For example measured modal parameters can be provided to an optimization such that the deviation of the simulation model can be minimized automatically. Within this contribution such a model updating procedure is presented. ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters [3]. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a wire, which is attached to a frame. [[File:Free Free boundary condition of the blade.jpg|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==Modeling of the Substructures== The assembly of the wind turbine consists of many different parts. Those parts have different material parameters and are connected to each other in various ways. Since the influence of each individual part on the overall dynamics is unknown, all parts are modeled such that individual material parameters can be given to reach the best matching between simulation and experiment. The first step toward a finite element model which is able to capture the dynamics of the system is to know the geometry. Therefore, the dimensions of the real parts were recorded manually and converted into CAD models. [[File:Details of the hub model.png|200px]][[File:Turbine assembly parts.png|200px]] *'''Blade Model''' Based on the geometry a finite element model of the blade was established. Due to the complicated shape the geometry is divided in an upper (green) and lower part (red) of the blade and the flange (blue). The outer layer defined by these three sections is the composite part of the blade surrounding the core material (yellow). Each section can be meshed individually. [[File:Upper_side.png|250px]] [[File:Lower_side.png|227px]] The composite part of the blade is meshed with tria elements with an element size of 10 mm. 3D tetras with the same element size are used for the core of the blade. An intersection of the blade is given in the picture below. [[File:Intersection.png|250px]] As already mentioned, the blade is made out of two different materials. Johansson et al. performed destructive tests in "Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade" to obtain material properties of both the glass fiber composite and the core. Chemical tests, which were performed in their study, indicated that the core, as well as the resin of the glass fiber reinforced skin, consist of polypropylene (PP). The material properties used for the FE-model presented here and resulting from the investigation performed by Johansson et al. are collect in the tables below. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Core |- | Young's Modulus || 1745 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 8.18*10^-10 t/mm³ |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Skin |- | Young's Modulus perpendicular to fiber ||1745 Mpa |- | Young's Modulus in fiber direction || 14500 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 1.09*10^-9 t/mm³ |- | Shear Modulus in all directions || 700 Mpa |} The laminate of the composite skin consists of 4 layers, stacked by alternating the direction of the fibers in a 0°/90°/0°/90° order, where the fibers oriented in 0°, span from the blade root to the tip of the blade. Each ply has a thickness of 0.7 mm resulting in a total composite skin thickness of 2.8 mm. [[File:Laminate.png|500px]] A modal analysis was performed with this FE-modal in both free and clamped boundary condition. The clamped condition was realized by putting constraints on nodes of the flange. Results obtained from the free model: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! FE !! !! exp.Blade 1 !! exp. Blade 2 !! exp. Blade 3 |- | 1 || First bending || 49.2 Hz || || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 139.7 Hz || || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 220.1 Hz || || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 272.6 Hz || || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 348.5 Hz || || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz |} Results of the model with constraints: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! FE !! !! exp. Blade 1 !! exp. Blade 2 !! exp. Blade 3 |- | 1 || First bending || 21.5 Hz || || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending ||75.8 Hz || || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 140.2 Hz || || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 189.3 Hz || || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 208.0 Hz || || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz |} *'''Hub Model''' The hub of the wind turbine is a complex part which has numerous components. An intersection of the finite element model can be seen in the picture below. The components are modeled individually and are assembled using compatibility conditions at the contact surfaces. In addition to the parts, which can be seen in the intersection, the epoxy resin is modeled for the sake of completeness. In further investigations, measurements of the hub assembly will be established and a model updating will be performed. [[File:Mesh_of_the_hub_assembly.png|300px]] *'''CAD Assembly Model''' [[File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png|80px]] Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] *'''Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN.''' [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] ==Model Updating== Model updating is a method to adjust parameters of a simulation model automatically so that it matches the dynamic behavior of the measured part. In the present case the modal parameters from the experiments are used as reference to find material parameters for the finite element model. For this purpose an objective function is created which includes the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies and -vectors. Reaching a good result in optimization strongly depends on the quality of the finite element model. Since the finite element models themselves contain uncertainties with respect to the real parts a good agreement for all eigenfrequnecies and -vectors could be unachievable. To counteract this problem a weighted sum is introduced which offers more variability for a good compromise of all considered modes. The weighted sum can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ1.png|170px]], where '''''x''''' is the n-dimensional vector of the parameters to be updated, ''f'' represents the single objective functions, ''w'' is the vector with the weighting factors and ''m'' the number of the considered objective functions. In the present case the overall objective function ''J'' is composed of two functions. One represents the frequencies and the other the eigenvectors such that ''J'' can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ2.png|150px]]. The weighted sum of the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies is denoted by ::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ3.png|220px]], and the deviation of the eigenvectors in form of weighted MAC values [3] is described by :::::::::::::[[File:EQ4.1.png|190px]] with [[File:EQ4.2.png|350px]]. For the optimization the Optimisation Toolbox of MATLAB is used. The finite element model is imported into MATLAB using the Structural Dynamics Toolbox [4] and reassembled in every iteration step. An eigenvalue analysis is operated and the deviations are calculated with the eigenfrequencies and -vectors extracted and imported from the modal analysis. ==Conclusion== Within this contribution a method to identify parameters for the finite element models of the Ampair 600 wind turbine is presented. Therefore, measurements for the blades in free and clamped boundary conditions were established as well as for the hub assembly. The modal parameters were extracted and provided to a model updating routine. The model updating uses finite element models which were constructed based on the CAD models of the parts. Further effort will be made to identify parameters of the whole assembly. Additional measurements and simulations will be done to be able to apply substructuring methods on the wind turbine. ==IMAC 2014== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 in which a finite element model is updated to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted on this page. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] ==References== [[File:References.png|800px]] b9a8b5a8af1bc05afd2fee54463d7a1cba307b0d 539 538 2015-01-29T16:08:45Z SEngelhe 13 /* Model Updating */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uni stuttgart.jpg|right|100px]] The assembly of the Ampair 600 wind turbine consists of several substructures with very different material properties. Since the parameters of these materials are unknown, model updating is applied to the substructures to obtain validated finite element models. Based on experimentally determined modal parameters, the finite element models are adapted to achieve acceptable vibration behaviour. Therefore, an objective function consisting of the deviation of the eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors is used to determine Young's modulus, density and Poisson's ratio of each material. ==Introduction== Dynamic Substructuring methods offer the possibility to model high order finite element models in an efficient way [1]. A separated representation of the dynamics of the participated substructures enables the application of model reduction methods like the Craig-Bampton method and a later assembly of the different parts by Component Mode Synthesis (CMS). Therefore, the degrees of freedom (DoF) can be reduced drastically. Additionally, a validation of the components can be done individually in a more efficient way. In order to get validated finite element models, model updating methods [2] can be applied to identify material parameters. For example measured modal parameters can be provided to an optimization such that the deviation of the simulation model can be minimized automatically. Within this contribution such a model updating procedure is presented. ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters [3]. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a wire, which is attached to a frame. [[File:Free Free boundary condition of the blade.jpg|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==Modeling of the Substructures== The assembly of the wind turbine consists of many different parts. Those parts have different material parameters and are connected to each other in various ways. Since the influence of each individual part on the overall dynamics is unknown, all parts are modeled such that individual material parameters can be given to reach the best matching between simulation and experiment. The first step toward a finite element model which is able to capture the dynamics of the system is to know the geometry. Therefore, the dimensions of the real parts were recorded manually and converted into CAD models. [[File:Details of the hub model.png|200px]][[File:Turbine assembly parts.png|200px]] *'''Blade Model''' Based on the geometry a finite element model of the blade was established. Due to the complicated shape the geometry is divided in an upper (green) and lower part (red) of the blade and the flange (blue). The outer layer defined by these three sections is the composite part of the blade surrounding the core material (yellow). Each section can be meshed individually. [[File:Upper_side.png|250px]] [[File:Lower_side.png|227px]] The composite part of the blade is meshed with tria elements with an element size of 10 mm. 3D tetras with the same element size are used for the core of the blade. An intersection of the blade is given in the picture below. [[File:Intersection.png|250px]] As already mentioned, the blade is made out of two different materials. Johansson et al. performed destructive tests in "Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade" to obtain material properties of both the glass fiber composite and the core. Chemical tests, which were performed in their study, indicated that the core, as well as the resin of the glass fiber reinforced skin, consist of polypropylene (PP). The material properties used for the FE-model presented here and resulting from the investigation performed by Johansson et al. are collect in the tables below. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Core |- | Young's Modulus || 1745 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 8.18*10^-10 t/mm³ |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Skin |- | Young's Modulus perpendicular to fiber ||1745 Mpa |- | Young's Modulus in fiber direction || 14500 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 1.09*10^-9 t/mm³ |- | Shear Modulus in all directions || 700 Mpa |} The laminate of the composite skin consists of 4 layers, stacked by alternating the direction of the fibers in a 0°/90°/0°/90° order, where the fibers oriented in 0°, span from the blade root to the tip of the blade. Each ply has a thickness of 0.7 mm resulting in a total composite skin thickness of 2.8 mm. [[File:Laminate.png|500px]] A modal analysis was performed with this FE-modal in both free and clamped boundary condition. The clamped condition was realized by putting constraints on nodes of the flange. Results obtained from the free model: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! FE !! !! exp.Blade 1 !! exp. Blade 2 !! exp. Blade 3 |- | 1 || First bending || 49.2 Hz || || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 139.7 Hz || || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 220.1 Hz || || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 272.6 Hz || || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 348.5 Hz || || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz |} Results of the model with constraints: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! FE !! !! exp. Blade 1 !! exp. Blade 2 !! exp. Blade 3 |- | 1 || First bending || 21.5 Hz || || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending ||75.8 Hz || || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 140.2 Hz || || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 189.3 Hz || || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 208.0 Hz || || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz |} *'''Hub Model''' The hub of the wind turbine is a complex part which has numerous components. An intersection of the finite element model can be seen in the picture below. The components are modeled individually and are assembled using compatibility conditions at the contact surfaces. In addition to the parts, which can be seen in the intersection, the epoxy resin is modeled for the sake of completeness. In further investigations, measurements of the hub assembly will be established and a model updating will be performed. [[File:Mesh_of_the_hub_assembly.png|300px]] *'''CAD Assembly Model''' [[File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png|80px]] Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] *'''Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN.''' [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] ==Model Updating== Model updating is a method to adjust parameters of a simulation model automatically so that it matches the dynamic behavior of the measured part. In the present case the modal parameters from the experiments are used as reference to adjust the material parameters for the finite element model to obtain better results. For this purpose an objective function is created which includes the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies and -vectors. Reaching a good result in optimization strongly depends on the quality of the finite element model. Since the finite element models themselves contain uncertainties with respect to the real parts a good agreement for all eigenfrequnecies and -vectors could be unachievable. To counteract this problem a weighted sum is introduced which offers more variability for a good compromise of all considered modes. The weighted sum can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ1.png|170px]], where '''''x''''' is the n-dimensional vector of the parameters to be updated, ''f'' represents the single objective functions, ''w'' is the vector with the weighting factors and ''m'' the number of the considered objective functions. In the present case the overall objective function ''J'' is composed of two functions. One represents the frequencies and the other the eigenvectors such that ''J'' can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ2.png|150px]]. The weighted sum of the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies is denoted by ::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ3.png|220px]], and the deviation of the eigenvectors in form of weighted MAC values [3] is described by :::::::::::::[[File:EQ4.1.png|190px]] with [[File:EQ4.2.png|350px]]. ==Conclusion== Within this contribution a method to identify parameters for the finite element models of the Ampair 600 wind turbine is presented. Therefore, measurements for the blades in free and clamped boundary conditions were established as well as for the hub assembly. The modal parameters were extracted and provided to a model updating routine. The model updating uses finite element models which were constructed based on the CAD models of the parts. Further effort will be made to identify parameters of the whole assembly. Additional measurements and simulations will be done to be able to apply substructuring methods on the wind turbine. ==IMAC 2014== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 in which a finite element model is updated to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted on this page. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] ==References== [[File:References.png|800px]] 93f3d3e313b45901fdc133f4ba26ab42bfb12c51 540 539 2015-01-29T16:10:07Z SEngelhe 13 /* Conclusion */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uni stuttgart.jpg|right|100px]] The assembly of the Ampair 600 wind turbine consists of several substructures with very different material properties. Since the parameters of these materials are unknown, model updating is applied to the substructures to obtain validated finite element models. Based on experimentally determined modal parameters, the finite element models are adapted to achieve acceptable vibration behaviour. Therefore, an objective function consisting of the deviation of the eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors is used to determine Young's modulus, density and Poisson's ratio of each material. ==Introduction== Dynamic Substructuring methods offer the possibility to model high order finite element models in an efficient way [1]. A separated representation of the dynamics of the participated substructures enables the application of model reduction methods like the Craig-Bampton method and a later assembly of the different parts by Component Mode Synthesis (CMS). Therefore, the degrees of freedom (DoF) can be reduced drastically. Additionally, a validation of the components can be done individually in a more efficient way. In order to get validated finite element models, model updating methods [2] can be applied to identify material parameters. For example measured modal parameters can be provided to an optimization such that the deviation of the simulation model can be minimized automatically. Within this contribution such a model updating procedure is presented. ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters [3]. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a wire, which is attached to a frame. [[File:Free Free boundary condition of the blade.jpg|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==Modeling of the Substructures== The assembly of the wind turbine consists of many different parts. Those parts have different material parameters and are connected to each other in various ways. Since the influence of each individual part on the overall dynamics is unknown, all parts are modeled such that individual material parameters can be given to reach the best matching between simulation and experiment. The first step toward a finite element model which is able to capture the dynamics of the system is to know the geometry. Therefore, the dimensions of the real parts were recorded manually and converted into CAD models. [[File:Details of the hub model.png|200px]][[File:Turbine assembly parts.png|200px]] *'''Blade Model''' Based on the geometry a finite element model of the blade was established. Due to the complicated shape the geometry is divided in an upper (green) and lower part (red) of the blade and the flange (blue). The outer layer defined by these three sections is the composite part of the blade surrounding the core material (yellow). Each section can be meshed individually. [[File:Upper_side.png|250px]] [[File:Lower_side.png|227px]] The composite part of the blade is meshed with tria elements with an element size of 10 mm. 3D tetras with the same element size are used for the core of the blade. An intersection of the blade is given in the picture below. [[File:Intersection.png|250px]] As already mentioned, the blade is made out of two different materials. Johansson et al. performed destructive tests in "Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade" to obtain material properties of both the glass fiber composite and the core. Chemical tests, which were performed in their study, indicated that the core, as well as the resin of the glass fiber reinforced skin, consist of polypropylene (PP). The material properties used for the FE-model presented here and resulting from the investigation performed by Johansson et al. are collect in the tables below. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Core |- | Young's Modulus || 1745 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 8.18*10^-10 t/mm³ |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Skin |- | Young's Modulus perpendicular to fiber ||1745 Mpa |- | Young's Modulus in fiber direction || 14500 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 1.09*10^-9 t/mm³ |- | Shear Modulus in all directions || 700 Mpa |} The laminate of the composite skin consists of 4 layers, stacked by alternating the direction of the fibers in a 0°/90°/0°/90° order, where the fibers oriented in 0°, span from the blade root to the tip of the blade. Each ply has a thickness of 0.7 mm resulting in a total composite skin thickness of 2.8 mm. [[File:Laminate.png|500px]] A modal analysis was performed with this FE-modal in both free and clamped boundary condition. The clamped condition was realized by putting constraints on nodes of the flange. Results obtained from the free model: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! FE !! !! exp.Blade 1 !! exp. Blade 2 !! exp. Blade 3 |- | 1 || First bending || 49.2 Hz || || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 139.7 Hz || || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 220.1 Hz || || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 272.6 Hz || || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 348.5 Hz || || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz |} Results of the model with constraints: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! FE !! !! exp. Blade 1 !! exp. Blade 2 !! exp. Blade 3 |- | 1 || First bending || 21.5 Hz || || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending ||75.8 Hz || || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 140.2 Hz || || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 189.3 Hz || || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 208.0 Hz || || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz |} *'''Hub Model''' The hub of the wind turbine is a complex part which has numerous components. An intersection of the finite element model can be seen in the picture below. The components are modeled individually and are assembled using compatibility conditions at the contact surfaces. In addition to the parts, which can be seen in the intersection, the epoxy resin is modeled for the sake of completeness. In further investigations, measurements of the hub assembly will be established and a model updating will be performed. [[File:Mesh_of_the_hub_assembly.png|300px]] *'''CAD Assembly Model''' [[File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png|80px]] Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] *'''Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN.''' [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] ==Model Updating== Model updating is a method to adjust parameters of a simulation model automatically so that it matches the dynamic behavior of the measured part. In the present case the modal parameters from the experiments are used as reference to adjust the material parameters for the finite element model to obtain better results. For this purpose an objective function is created which includes the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies and -vectors. Reaching a good result in optimization strongly depends on the quality of the finite element model. Since the finite element models themselves contain uncertainties with respect to the real parts a good agreement for all eigenfrequnecies and -vectors could be unachievable. To counteract this problem a weighted sum is introduced which offers more variability for a good compromise of all considered modes. The weighted sum can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ1.png|170px]], where '''''x''''' is the n-dimensional vector of the parameters to be updated, ''f'' represents the single objective functions, ''w'' is the vector with the weighting factors and ''m'' the number of the considered objective functions. In the present case the overall objective function ''J'' is composed of two functions. One represents the frequencies and the other the eigenvectors such that ''J'' can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ2.png|150px]]. The weighted sum of the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies is denoted by ::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ3.png|220px]], and the deviation of the eigenvectors in form of weighted MAC values [3] is described by :::::::::::::[[File:EQ4.1.png|190px]] with [[File:EQ4.2.png|350px]]. ==IMAC 2014== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 in which a finite element model is updated to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted on this page. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] ==References== [[File:References.png|800px]] cf6126b0f49030669f5f150b3e70328af6efae7a 541 540 2015-01-29T16:17:08Z SEngelhe 13 /* Modeling of the Substructures */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uni stuttgart.jpg|right|100px]] The assembly of the Ampair 600 wind turbine consists of several substructures with very different material properties. Since the parameters of these materials are unknown, model updating is applied to the substructures to obtain validated finite element models. Based on experimentally determined modal parameters, the finite element models are adapted to achieve acceptable vibration behaviour. Therefore, an objective function consisting of the deviation of the eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors is used to determine Young's modulus, density and Poisson's ratio of each material. ==Introduction== Dynamic Substructuring methods offer the possibility to model high order finite element models in an efficient way [1]. A separated representation of the dynamics of the participated substructures enables the application of model reduction methods like the Craig-Bampton method and a later assembly of the different parts by Component Mode Synthesis (CMS). Therefore, the degrees of freedom (DoF) can be reduced drastically. Additionally, a validation of the components can be done individually in a more efficient way. In order to get validated finite element models, model updating methods [2] can be applied to identify material parameters. For example measured modal parameters can be provided to an optimization such that the deviation of the simulation model can be minimized automatically. Within this contribution such a model updating procedure is presented. ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters [3]. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a wire, which is attached to a frame. [[File:Free Free boundary condition of the blade.jpg|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==Modeling of the Substructures== The assembly of the wind turbine consists of many different parts. Those parts have different material parameters and are connected to each other in various ways. Since the influence of each individual part on the overall dynamics is unknown, all parts are modeled such that individual material parameters can be given to reach the best matching between simulation and experiment. The first step toward a finite element model which is able to capture the dynamics of the system is to know the geometry. Therefore, the dimensions of the real parts were recorded manually and converted into CAD models. [[File:Details of the hub model.png|200px]][[File:Turbine assembly parts.png|200px]] *'''Blade Model''' Based on the geometry a finite element model of the blade was established. Due to the complicated shape the geometry is divided in an upper (green) and lower part (red) of the blade and the flange (blue). The outer layer defined by these three sections is the composite part of the blade surrounding the core material (yellow). Each section can be meshed individually. [[File:Upper_side.png|250px]] [[File:Lower_side.png|227px]] The composite part of the blade is meshed with tria elements with an element size of 10 mm. 3D tetras with the same element size are used for the core of the blade. An intersection of the blade is given in the picture below. [[File:Intersection.png|250px]] As already mentioned, the blade is made out of two different materials. Johansson et al. performed destructive tests in "Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade" to obtain material properties of both the glass fiber composite and the core. Chemical tests, which were performed in their study, indicated that the core, as well as the resin of the glass fiber reinforced skin, consist of polypropylene (PP). The material properties used for the FE-model presented here and resulting from the investigation performed by Johansson et al. are collect in the tables below. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Core |- | Young's Modulus || 1745 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 8.18*10^-10 t/mm³ |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Skin |- | Young's Modulus perpendicular to fiber ||1745 Mpa |- | Young's Modulus in fiber direction || 14500 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 1.09*10^-9 t/mm³ |- | Shear Modulus in all directions || 700 Mpa |} The laminate of the composite skin consists of 4 layers, stacked by alternating the direction of the fibers in a 0°/90°/0°/90° order, where the fibers oriented in 0°, span from the blade root to the tip of the blade. Each ply has a thickness of 0.7 mm resulting in a total composite skin thickness of 2.8 mm. The following picture illustrates the laminate of the blade. The arrows point in the fiber direction of the ply. The outer ply has a 90° fiber orientation whereas the first ply on the core is oriented in a 0° angle as can be seen in the lower part of the picture. [[File:Laminate.png|500px]] A modal analysis was performed with this FE-modal in both free and clamped boundary condition. The clamped condition was realized by putting constraints on nodes of the flange. Results obtained from the free model: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! FE !! !! exp.Blade 1 !! exp. Blade 2 !! exp. Blade 3 |- | 1 || First bending || 49.2 Hz || || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 139.7 Hz || || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 220.1 Hz || || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 272.6 Hz || || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 348.5 Hz || || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz |} Results of the model with constraints: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! FE !! !! exp. Blade 1 !! exp. Blade 2 !! exp. Blade 3 |- | 1 || First bending || 21.5 Hz || || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending ||75.8 Hz || || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 140.2 Hz || || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 189.3 Hz || || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 208.0 Hz || || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz |} *'''Hub Model''' The hub of the wind turbine is a complex part which has numerous components. An intersection of the finite element model can be seen in the picture below. The components are modeled individually and are assembled using compatibility conditions at the contact surfaces. In addition to the parts, which can be seen in the intersection, the epoxy resin is modeled for the sake of completeness. In further investigations, measurements of the hub assembly will be established and a model updating will be performed. [[File:Mesh_of_the_hub_assembly.png|300px]] *'''CAD Assembly Model''' [[File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png|80px]] Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] *'''Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN.''' [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] ==Model Updating== Model updating is a method to adjust parameters of a simulation model automatically so that it matches the dynamic behavior of the measured part. In the present case the modal parameters from the experiments are used as reference to adjust the material parameters for the finite element model to obtain better results. For this purpose an objective function is created which includes the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies and -vectors. Reaching a good result in optimization strongly depends on the quality of the finite element model. Since the finite element models themselves contain uncertainties with respect to the real parts a good agreement for all eigenfrequnecies and -vectors could be unachievable. To counteract this problem a weighted sum is introduced which offers more variability for a good compromise of all considered modes. The weighted sum can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ1.png|170px]], where '''''x''''' is the n-dimensional vector of the parameters to be updated, ''f'' represents the single objective functions, ''w'' is the vector with the weighting factors and ''m'' the number of the considered objective functions. In the present case the overall objective function ''J'' is composed of two functions. One represents the frequencies and the other the eigenvectors such that ''J'' can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ2.png|150px]]. The weighted sum of the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies is denoted by ::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ3.png|220px]], and the deviation of the eigenvectors in form of weighted MAC values [3] is described by :::::::::::::[[File:EQ4.1.png|190px]] with [[File:EQ4.2.png|350px]]. ==IMAC 2014== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 in which a finite element model is updated to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted on this page. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] ==References== [[File:References.png|800px]] 647e8e6791cad3b4aaebb5a518ab26874480d342 542 541 2015-01-29T16:17:48Z SEngelhe 13 /* Modeling of the Substructures */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uni stuttgart.jpg|right|100px]] The assembly of the Ampair 600 wind turbine consists of several substructures with very different material properties. Since the parameters of these materials are unknown, model updating is applied to the substructures to obtain validated finite element models. Based on experimentally determined modal parameters, the finite element models are adapted to achieve acceptable vibration behaviour. Therefore, an objective function consisting of the deviation of the eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors is used to determine Young's modulus, density and Poisson's ratio of each material. ==Introduction== Dynamic Substructuring methods offer the possibility to model high order finite element models in an efficient way [1]. A separated representation of the dynamics of the participated substructures enables the application of model reduction methods like the Craig-Bampton method and a later assembly of the different parts by Component Mode Synthesis (CMS). Therefore, the degrees of freedom (DoF) can be reduced drastically. Additionally, a validation of the components can be done individually in a more efficient way. In order to get validated finite element models, model updating methods [2] can be applied to identify material parameters. For example measured modal parameters can be provided to an optimization such that the deviation of the simulation model can be minimized automatically. Within this contribution such a model updating procedure is presented. ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters [3]. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a wire, which is attached to a frame. [[File:Free Free boundary condition of the blade.jpg|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==Modeling of the Substructures== The assembly of the wind turbine consists of many different parts. Those parts have different material parameters and are connected to each other in various ways. Since the influence of each individual part on the overall dynamics is unknown, all parts are modeled such that individual material parameters can be given to reach the best matching between simulation and experiment. The first step toward a finite element model which is able to capture the dynamics of the system is to know the geometry. Therefore, the dimensions of the real parts were recorded manually and converted into CAD models. [[File:Details of the hub model.png|200px]][[File:Turbine assembly parts.png|200px]] *'''Blade Model''' Based on the geometry a finite element model of the blade was established. Due to the complicated shape the geometry is divided in an upper (green) and lower part (red) of the blade and the flange (blue). The outer layer defined by these three sections is the composite part of the blade surrounding the core material (yellow). Each section can be meshed individually. [[File:Upper_side.png|250px]] [[File:Lower_side.png|227px]] The composite part of the blade is meshed with tria elements with an element size of 10 mm. 3D tetras with the same element size are used for the core of the blade. An intersection of the blade is given in the picture below. [[File:Intersection.png|250px]] As already mentioned, the blade is made out of two different materials. Johansson et al. performed destructive tests in "Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade" to obtain material properties of both the glass fiber composite and the core. Chemical tests, which were performed in their study, indicated that the core, as well as the resin of the glass fiber reinforced skin, consist of polypropylene (PP). The material properties used for the FE-model presented here and resulting from the investigation performed by Johansson et al. are collect in the tables below. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Core |- | Young's Modulus || 1745 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 8.18*10^-10 t/mm³ |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Skin |- | Young's Modulus perpendicular to fiber ||1745 Mpa |- | Young's Modulus in fiber direction || 14500 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 1.09*10^-9 t/mm³ |- | Shear Modulus in all directions || 700 Mpa |} The laminate of the composite skin consists of 4 layers, stacked by alternating the direction of the fibers in a 0°/90°/0°/90° order, where the fibers oriented in 0°, span from the blade root to the tip of the blade. Each ply has a thickness of 0.7 mm resulting in a total composite skin thickness of 2.8 mm. The following picture illustrates the laminate of the blade. The arrows point in the fiber direction of the ply. The outer ply has a 90° fiber orientation whereas the first ply on the core is oriented in a 0° angle. [[File:Laminate.png|500px]] A modal analysis was performed with this FE-modal in both free and clamped boundary condition. The clamped condition was realized by putting constraints on nodes of the flange. Results obtained from the free model: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! FE !! !! exp.Blade 1 !! exp. Blade 2 !! exp. Blade 3 |- | 1 || First bending || 49.2 Hz || || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 139.7 Hz || || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 220.1 Hz || || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 272.6 Hz || || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 348.5 Hz || || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz |} Results of the model with constraints: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! FE !! !! exp. Blade 1 !! exp. Blade 2 !! exp. Blade 3 |- | 1 || First bending || 21.5 Hz || || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending ||75.8 Hz || || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 140.2 Hz || || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 189.3 Hz || || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 208.0 Hz || || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz |} *'''Hub Model''' The hub of the wind turbine is a complex part which has numerous components. An intersection of the finite element model can be seen in the picture below. The components are modeled individually and are assembled using compatibility conditions at the contact surfaces. In addition to the parts, which can be seen in the intersection, the epoxy resin is modeled for the sake of completeness. In further investigations, measurements of the hub assembly will be established and a model updating will be performed. [[File:Mesh_of_the_hub_assembly.png|300px]] *'''CAD Assembly Model''' [[File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png|80px]] Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] *'''Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN.''' [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] ==Model Updating== Model updating is a method to adjust parameters of a simulation model automatically so that it matches the dynamic behavior of the measured part. In the present case the modal parameters from the experiments are used as reference to adjust the material parameters for the finite element model to obtain better results. For this purpose an objective function is created which includes the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies and -vectors. Reaching a good result in optimization strongly depends on the quality of the finite element model. Since the finite element models themselves contain uncertainties with respect to the real parts a good agreement for all eigenfrequnecies and -vectors could be unachievable. To counteract this problem a weighted sum is introduced which offers more variability for a good compromise of all considered modes. The weighted sum can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ1.png|170px]], where '''''x''''' is the n-dimensional vector of the parameters to be updated, ''f'' represents the single objective functions, ''w'' is the vector with the weighting factors and ''m'' the number of the considered objective functions. In the present case the overall objective function ''J'' is composed of two functions. One represents the frequencies and the other the eigenvectors such that ''J'' can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ2.png|150px]]. The weighted sum of the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies is denoted by ::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ3.png|220px]], and the deviation of the eigenvectors in form of weighted MAC values [3] is described by :::::::::::::[[File:EQ4.1.png|190px]] with [[File:EQ4.2.png|350px]]. ==IMAC 2014== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 in which a finite element model is updated to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted on this page. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] ==References== [[File:References.png|800px]] 08c5981f61c1227842c47a1b58965124311168fd 543 542 2015-01-29T16:37:44Z SEngelhe 13 /* Modeling of the Substructures */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uni stuttgart.jpg|right|100px]] The assembly of the Ampair 600 wind turbine consists of several substructures with very different material properties. Since the parameters of these materials are unknown, model updating is applied to the substructures to obtain validated finite element models. Based on experimentally determined modal parameters, the finite element models are adapted to achieve acceptable vibration behaviour. Therefore, an objective function consisting of the deviation of the eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors is used to determine Young's modulus, density and Poisson's ratio of each material. ==Introduction== Dynamic Substructuring methods offer the possibility to model high order finite element models in an efficient way [1]. A separated representation of the dynamics of the participated substructures enables the application of model reduction methods like the Craig-Bampton method and a later assembly of the different parts by Component Mode Synthesis (CMS). Therefore, the degrees of freedom (DoF) can be reduced drastically. Additionally, a validation of the components can be done individually in a more efficient way. In order to get validated finite element models, model updating methods [2] can be applied to identify material parameters. For example measured modal parameters can be provided to an optimization such that the deviation of the simulation model can be minimized automatically. Within this contribution such a model updating procedure is presented. ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters [3]. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a wire, which is attached to a frame. [[File:Free Free boundary condition of the blade.jpg|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==Modeling of the Substructures== The assembly of the wind turbine consists of many different parts. Those parts have different material parameters and are connected to each other in various ways. Since the influence of each individual part on the overall dynamics is unknown, all parts are modeled such that individual material parameters can be given to reach the best matching between simulation and experiment. The first step toward a finite element model which is able to capture the dynamics of the system is to know the geometry. Therefore, the dimensions of the real parts were recorded manually and converted into CAD models. [[File:Details of the hub model.png|200px]][[File:Turbine assembly parts.png|200px]] *'''Blade Model''' Based on the geometry a finite element model of the blade was established with the Hyperworks software by Altair. Due to the complicated shape the geometry is divided in an upper (green) and lower part (red) of the blade and the flange (blue). The outer layer defined by these three sections is the composite part of the blade surrounding the core material (yellow). Each section can be meshed individually. [[File:Upper_side.png|250px]] [[File:Lower_side.png|227px]] The composite part of the blade is meshed with tria elements with an element size of 10 mm. 3D tetras with the same element size are used for the core of the blade. An intersection of the blade is given in the picture below. [[File:Intersection.png|250px]] As already mentioned, the blade is made out of two different materials. Johansson et al. performed destructive tests in "Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade" to obtain material properties of both the glass fiber composite and the core. Chemical tests, which were performed in their study, indicated that the core, as well as the resin of the glass fiber reinforced skin, consist of polypropylene (PP). The material properties used for the FE-model presented here and resulting from the investigation performed by Johansson et al. are collect in the tables below. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Core |- | Young's Modulus || 1745 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 8.18*10^-10 t/mm³ |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Skin |- | Young's Modulus perpendicular to fiber ||1745 Mpa |- | Young's Modulus in fiber direction || 14500 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 1.09*10^-9 t/mm³ |- | Shear Modulus in all directions || 700 Mpa |} The laminate of the composite skin consists of 4 layers, stacked by alternating the direction of the fibers in a 0°/90°/0°/90° order, where the fibers oriented in 0°, span from the blade root to the tip of the blade. Each ply has a thickness of 0.7 mm resulting in a total composite skin thickness of 2.8 mm. The following picture illustrates the laminate of the blade. The arrows point in the fiber direction of the ply. The outer ply has a 90° fiber orientation whereas the first ply on the core is oriented in a 0° angle. [[File:Laminate.png|500px]] A modal analysis was performed with this FE-modal in both free and clamped boundary condition. The clamped condition was realized by putting constraints on nodes of the flange. Results obtained from the free model: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! FE !! !! exp.Blade 1 !! exp. Blade 2 !! exp. Blade 3 |- | 1 || First bending || 49.2 Hz || || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 139.7 Hz || || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 220.1 Hz || || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 272.6 Hz || || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 348.5 Hz || || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz |} Results of the model with constraints: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! FE !! !! exp. Blade 1 !! exp. Blade 2 !! exp. Blade 3 |- | 1 || First bending || 21.5 Hz || || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending ||75.8 Hz || || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 140.2 Hz || || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 189.3 Hz || || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 208.0 Hz || || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz |} *'''Hub Model''' The hub of the wind turbine is a complex part which has numerous components. An intersection of the finite element model can be seen in the picture below. The components are modeled individually and are assembled using compatibility conditions at the contact surfaces. In addition to the parts, which can be seen in the intersection, the epoxy resin is modeled for the sake of completeness. In further investigations, measurements of the hub assembly will be established and a model updating will be performed. [[File:Mesh_of_the_hub_assembly.png|300px]] *'''CAD Assembly Model''' [[File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png|80px]] Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] *'''Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN.''' [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] ==Model Updating== Model updating is a method to adjust parameters of a simulation model automatically so that it matches the dynamic behavior of the measured part. In the present case the modal parameters from the experiments are used as reference to adjust the material parameters for the finite element model to obtain better results. For this purpose an objective function is created which includes the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies and -vectors. Reaching a good result in optimization strongly depends on the quality of the finite element model. Since the finite element models themselves contain uncertainties with respect to the real parts a good agreement for all eigenfrequnecies and -vectors could be unachievable. To counteract this problem a weighted sum is introduced which offers more variability for a good compromise of all considered modes. The weighted sum can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ1.png|170px]], where '''''x''''' is the n-dimensional vector of the parameters to be updated, ''f'' represents the single objective functions, ''w'' is the vector with the weighting factors and ''m'' the number of the considered objective functions. In the present case the overall objective function ''J'' is composed of two functions. One represents the frequencies and the other the eigenvectors such that ''J'' can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ2.png|150px]]. The weighted sum of the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies is denoted by ::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ3.png|220px]], and the deviation of the eigenvectors in form of weighted MAC values [3] is described by :::::::::::::[[File:EQ4.1.png|190px]] with [[File:EQ4.2.png|350px]]. ==IMAC 2014== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 in which a finite element model is updated to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted on this page. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] ==References== [[File:References.png|800px]] c1005dfae78f5bfaa353f0bfdba030292ba1f589 549 543 2015-01-29T16:53:18Z SEngelhe 13 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uni stuttgart.jpg|right|100px]] The assembly of the Ampair 600 wind turbine consists of several substructures with very different material properties. Since the parameters of these materials are unknown, model updating is applied to the substructures to obtain validated finite element models. Based on experimentally determined modal parameters, the finite element models are adapted to achieve acceptable vibration behaviour. Therefore, an objective function consisting of the deviation of the eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors is used to determine Young's modulus, density and Poisson's ratio of each material. ==Introduction== Dynamic Substructuring methods offer the possibility to model high order finite element models in an efficient way [1]. A separated representation of the dynamics of the participated substructures enables the application of model reduction methods like the Craig-Bampton method and a later assembly of the different parts by Component Mode Synthesis (CMS). Therefore, the degrees of freedom (DoF) can be reduced drastically. Additionally, a validation of the components can be done individually in a more efficient way. In order to get validated finite element models, model updating methods [2] can be applied to identify material parameters. For example measured modal parameters can be provided to an optimization such that the deviation of the simulation model can be minimized automatically. Within this contribution such a model updating procedure is presented. ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters [3]. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a wire, which is attached to a frame. [[File:Free Free boundary condition of the blade.jpg|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==Modeling of the Substructures== The assembly of the wind turbine consists of many different parts. Those parts have different material parameters and are connected to each other in various ways. Since the influence of each individual part on the overall dynamics is unknown, all parts are modeled such that individual material parameters can be given to reach the best matching between simulation and experiment. The first step toward a finite element model which is able to capture the dynamics of the system is to know the geometry. Therefore, the dimensions of the real parts were recorded manually and converted into CAD models. [[File:Details of the hub model.png|200px]][[File:Turbine assembly parts.png|200px]] *'''Blade Model''' Based on the geometry a finite element model of the blade was established with the Hyperworks software by Altair. Due to the complicated shape the geometry is divided in an upper (green) and lower part (red) of the blade and the flange (blue). The outer layer defined by these three sections is the composite part of the blade surrounding the core material (yellow). Each section can be meshed individually. [[File:Upper_side.png|250px]] [[File:Lower_side.png|227px]] The composite part of the blade is meshed with tria elements with an element size of 10 mm. 3D tetras with the same element size are used for the core of the blade. An intersection of the blade is given in the picture below. [[File:Intersection.png|250px]] As already mentioned, the blade is made out of two different materials. Johansson et al. performed destructive tests in "Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade" to obtain material properties of both the glass fiber composite and the core. Chemical tests, which were performed in their study, indicated that the core, as well as the resin of the glass fiber reinforced skin, consist of polypropylene (PP). The material properties used for the FE-model presented here and resulting from the investigation performed by Johansson et al. are collect in the tables below. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Core |- | Young's Modulus || 1745 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 8.18*10^-10 t/mm³ |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Skin |- | Young's Modulus perpendicular to fiber ||1745 Mpa |- | Young's Modulus in fiber direction || 14500 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 1.09*10^-9 t/mm³ |- | Shear Modulus in all directions || 700 Mpa |} The laminate of the composite skin consists of 4 layers, stacked by alternating the direction of the fibers in a 0°/90°/0°/90° order, where the fibers oriented in 0°, span from the blade root to the tip of the blade. Each ply has a thickness of 0.7 mm resulting in a total composite skin thickness of 2.8 mm. The following picture illustrates the laminate of the blade. The arrows point in the fiber direction of the ply. The outer ply has a 90° fiber orientation whereas the first ply on the core is oriented in a 0° angle. [[File:Laminate.png|500px]] A modal analysis was performed with this FE-modal in both free and clamped boundary condition. The clamped condition was realized by putting constraints on nodes of the flange. Results obtained from the free model: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! FE !! !! exp.Blade 1 !! exp. Blade 2 !! exp. Blade 3 |- | 1 || First bending || 49.2 Hz || || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 139.7 Hz || || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 220.1 Hz || || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 272.6 Hz || || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 348.5 Hz || || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz |} <gallery> File:First_bending_mode.png| File:Second_bending_mode.png| File:First_torsional_mode.png| File:Third_bending_mode.png| File:Second_torsional_mode.png| {...} </gallery> Results of the model with constraints: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! FE !! !! exp. Blade 1 !! exp. Blade 2 !! exp. Blade 3 |- | 1 || First bending || 21.5 Hz || || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending ||75.8 Hz || || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 140.2 Hz || || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 189.3 Hz || || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 208.0 Hz || || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz |} *'''Hub Model''' The hub of the wind turbine is a complex part which has numerous components. An intersection of the finite element model can be seen in the picture below. The components are modeled individually and are assembled using compatibility conditions at the contact surfaces. In addition to the parts, which can be seen in the intersection, the epoxy resin is modeled for the sake of completeness. In further investigations, measurements of the hub assembly will be established and a model updating will be performed. [[File:Mesh_of_the_hub_assembly.png|300px]] *'''CAD Assembly Model''' [[File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png|80px]] Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] *'''Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN.''' [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] ==Model Updating== Model updating is a method to adjust parameters of a simulation model automatically so that it matches the dynamic behavior of the measured part. In the present case the modal parameters from the experiments are used as reference to adjust the material parameters for the finite element model to obtain better results. For this purpose an objective function is created which includes the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies and -vectors. Reaching a good result in optimization strongly depends on the quality of the finite element model. Since the finite element models themselves contain uncertainties with respect to the real parts a good agreement for all eigenfrequnecies and -vectors could be unachievable. To counteract this problem a weighted sum is introduced which offers more variability for a good compromise of all considered modes. The weighted sum can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ1.png|170px]], where '''''x''''' is the n-dimensional vector of the parameters to be updated, ''f'' represents the single objective functions, ''w'' is the vector with the weighting factors and ''m'' the number of the considered objective functions. In the present case the overall objective function ''J'' is composed of two functions. One represents the frequencies and the other the eigenvectors such that ''J'' can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ2.png|150px]]. The weighted sum of the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies is denoted by ::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ3.png|220px]], and the deviation of the eigenvectors in form of weighted MAC values [3] is described by :::::::::::::[[File:EQ4.1.png|190px]] with [[File:EQ4.2.png|350px]]. ==IMAC 2014== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 in which a finite element model is updated to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted on this page. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] ==References== [[File:References.png|800px]] dc79dc8fa36a212194ea93f424ebb07a10a385a5 555 549 2015-01-30T10:42:29Z SEngelhe 13 /* Modeling of the Substructures */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uni stuttgart.jpg|right|100px]] The assembly of the Ampair 600 wind turbine consists of several substructures with very different material properties. Since the parameters of these materials are unknown, model updating is applied to the substructures to obtain validated finite element models. Based on experimentally determined modal parameters, the finite element models are adapted to achieve acceptable vibration behaviour. Therefore, an objective function consisting of the deviation of the eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors is used to determine Young's modulus, density and Poisson's ratio of each material. ==Introduction== Dynamic Substructuring methods offer the possibility to model high order finite element models in an efficient way [1]. A separated representation of the dynamics of the participated substructures enables the application of model reduction methods like the Craig-Bampton method and a later assembly of the different parts by Component Mode Synthesis (CMS). Therefore, the degrees of freedom (DoF) can be reduced drastically. Additionally, a validation of the components can be done individually in a more efficient way. In order to get validated finite element models, model updating methods [2] can be applied to identify material parameters. For example measured modal parameters can be provided to an optimization such that the deviation of the simulation model can be minimized automatically. Within this contribution such a model updating procedure is presented. ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters [3]. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a wire, which is attached to a frame. [[File:Free Free boundary condition of the blade.jpg|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==Modeling of the Substructures== The assembly of the wind turbine consists of many different parts. Those parts have different material parameters and are connected to each other in various ways. Since the influence of each individual part on the overall dynamics is unknown, all parts are modeled such that individual material parameters can be given to reach the best matching between simulation and experiment. The first step toward a finite element model which is able to capture the dynamics of the system is to know the geometry. Therefore, the dimensions of the real parts were recorded manually and converted into CAD models. [[File:Details of the hub model.png|200px]][[File:Turbine assembly parts.png|200px]] *'''Blade Model''' Based on the geometry a finite element model of the blade was established with the Hyperworks software by Altair. Due to the complicated shape the geometry is divided in an upper (green) and lower part (red) of the blade and the flange (blue). The outer layer defined by these three sections is the composite part of the blade surrounding the core material (yellow). Each section can be meshed individually. [[File:Upper_side.png|250px]] [[File:Lower_side.png|227px]] The composite part of the blade is meshed with tria elements with an element size of 10 mm. 3D tetras with the same element size are used for the core of the blade. An intersection of the blade is given in the picture below. [[File:Intersection.png|250px]] As already mentioned, the blade is made out of two different materials. Johansson et al. performed destructive tests in "Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade" to obtain material properties of both the glass fiber composite and the core. Chemical tests, which were performed in their study, indicated that the core, as well as the resin of the glass fiber reinforced skin, consist of polypropylene (PP). The material properties used for the FE-model presented here and resulting from the investigation performed by Johansson et al. are collect in the tables below. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Core |- | Young's Modulus || 1745 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 8.18*10^-10 t/mm³ |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Skin |- | Young's Modulus perpendicular to fiber ||1745 Mpa |- | Young's Modulus in fiber direction || 14500 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 1.09*10^-9 t/mm³ |- | Shear Modulus in all directions || 700 Mpa |} The laminate of the composite skin consists of 4 layers, stacked by alternating the direction of the fibers in a 0°/90°/0°/90° order, where the fibers oriented in 0°, span from the blade root to the tip of the blade. Each ply has a thickness of 0.7 mm resulting in a total composite skin thickness of 2.8 mm. The following picture illustrates the laminate of the blade. The arrows point in the fiber direction of the ply. The outer ply has a 90° fiber orientation whereas the first ply on the core is oriented in a 0° angle. [[File:Laminate.png|500px]] A modal analysis was performed with this FE-modal in both free and clamped boundary condition. The clamped condition was realized by putting constraints on nodes of the flange. Results obtained from the free model: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! FE !! !! exp.Blade 1 !! exp. Blade 2 !! exp. Blade 3 |- | 1 || First bending || 49.2 Hz || || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 139.7 Hz || || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 220.1 Hz || || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 272.6 Hz || || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 348.5 Hz || || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz |} <gallery> File:First_bending_mode.png| File:Second_bending_mode.png| File:First_torsional_mode.png| File:Third_bending_mode.png| File:Second_torsional_mode.png| {...} </gallery> Results of the model with constraints: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! FE !! !! exp. Blade 1 !! exp. Blade 2 !! exp. Blade 3 |- | 1 || First bending || 21.5 Hz || || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending ||75.8 Hz || || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 140.2 Hz || || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 189.3 Hz || || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 208.0 Hz || || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz |} <gallery> File:First_bending_mode_(clamped).png| File:Second_bending_mode_(clamped).png| File:Third_bending_mode_(clamped).png| File:Fourth_bending_mode_(clamped).png| File:First_torsional_mode_(clamped).png| {...} </gallery> *'''Hub Model''' The hub of the wind turbine is a complex part which has numerous components. An intersection of the finite element model can be seen in the picture below. The components are modeled individually and are assembled using compatibility conditions at the contact surfaces. In addition to the parts, which can be seen in the intersection, the epoxy resin is modeled for the sake of completeness. In further investigations, measurements of the hub assembly will be established and a model updating will be performed. [[File:Mesh_of_the_hub_assembly.png|300px]] *'''CAD Assembly Model''' [[File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png|80px]] Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] *'''Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN.''' [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] ==Model Updating== Model updating is a method to adjust parameters of a simulation model automatically so that it matches the dynamic behavior of the measured part. In the present case the modal parameters from the experiments are used as reference to adjust the material parameters for the finite element model to obtain better results. For this purpose an objective function is created which includes the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies and -vectors. Reaching a good result in optimization strongly depends on the quality of the finite element model. Since the finite element models themselves contain uncertainties with respect to the real parts a good agreement for all eigenfrequnecies and -vectors could be unachievable. To counteract this problem a weighted sum is introduced which offers more variability for a good compromise of all considered modes. The weighted sum can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ1.png|170px]], where '''''x''''' is the n-dimensional vector of the parameters to be updated, ''f'' represents the single objective functions, ''w'' is the vector with the weighting factors and ''m'' the number of the considered objective functions. In the present case the overall objective function ''J'' is composed of two functions. One represents the frequencies and the other the eigenvectors such that ''J'' can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ2.png|150px]]. The weighted sum of the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies is denoted by ::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ3.png|220px]], and the deviation of the eigenvectors in form of weighted MAC values [3] is described by :::::::::::::[[File:EQ4.1.png|190px]] with [[File:EQ4.2.png|350px]]. ==IMAC 2014== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 in which a finite element model is updated to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted on this page. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] ==References== [[File:References.png|800px]] 10028a42b8eb81ea4b6a905ced633dab3155e352 556 555 2015-01-30T11:47:06Z SEngelhe 13 /* Modeling of the Substructures */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uni stuttgart.jpg|right|100px]] The assembly of the Ampair 600 wind turbine consists of several substructures with very different material properties. Since the parameters of these materials are unknown, model updating is applied to the substructures to obtain validated finite element models. Based on experimentally determined modal parameters, the finite element models are adapted to achieve acceptable vibration behaviour. Therefore, an objective function consisting of the deviation of the eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors is used to determine Young's modulus, density and Poisson's ratio of each material. ==Introduction== Dynamic Substructuring methods offer the possibility to model high order finite element models in an efficient way [1]. A separated representation of the dynamics of the participated substructures enables the application of model reduction methods like the Craig-Bampton method and a later assembly of the different parts by Component Mode Synthesis (CMS). Therefore, the degrees of freedom (DoF) can be reduced drastically. Additionally, a validation of the components can be done individually in a more efficient way. In order to get validated finite element models, model updating methods [2] can be applied to identify material parameters. For example measured modal parameters can be provided to an optimization such that the deviation of the simulation model can be minimized automatically. Within this contribution such a model updating procedure is presented. ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters [3]. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a wire, which is attached to a frame. [[File:Free Free boundary condition of the blade.jpg|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==Modeling of the Substructures== The assembly of the wind turbine consists of many different parts. Those parts have different material parameters and are connected to each other in various ways. Since the influence of each individual part on the overall dynamics is unknown, all parts are modeled such that individual material parameters can be given to reach the best matching between simulation and experiment. The first step toward a finite element model which is able to capture the dynamics of the system is to know the geometry. Therefore, the dimensions of the real parts were recorded manually and converted into CAD models. [[File:Details of the hub model.png|200px]][[File:Turbine assembly parts.png|200px]] *'''Blade Model''' Based on the geometry a finite element model of the blade was established with the Hyperworks software by Altair. Due to the complicated shape the geometry is divided in an upper (green) and lower (red) surface of the blade and the flange (blue). The outer layer defined by these three sections is the composite part of the blade surrounding the core material (yellow). Each section can be meshed individually. [[File:Upper_side.png|250px]] [[File:Lower_side.png|227px]] The composite part of the blade is meshed with tria elements with an element size of 10 mm. 3D tetras with the same element size are used for the core of the blade. An intersection of the blade is given in the picture below. [[File:Intersection.png|250px]] As already mentioned, the blade is made out of two different materials. Johansson et al. performed destructive tests in "Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade" to obtain material properties of both the glass fiber composite and the core. Chemical tests, which were performed in their study, indicated that the core, as well as the resin of the glass fiber reinforced skin, consist of polypropylene (PP). The material properties used for the FE-model presented here and resulting from the investigation performed by Johansson et al. are collect in the tables below. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Core |- | Young's Modulus || 1745 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 8.18*10^-10 t/mm³ |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Skin |- | Young's Modulus perpendicular to fiber ||1745 Mpa |- | Young's Modulus in fiber direction || 14500 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 1.09*10^-9 t/mm³ |- | Shear Modulus in all directions || 700 Mpa |} The laminate of the composite skin consists of 4 layers, stacked by alternating the direction of the fibers in a 0°/90°/0°/90° order, where the fibers oriented in 0°, span from the blade root to the tip of the blade. Each ply has a thickness of 0.7 mm resulting in a total composite skin thickness of 2.8 mm. The following picture illustrates the laminate of the blade. The arrows point in the fiber direction of the ply. The outer ply has a 90° fiber orientation whereas the first ply on the core is oriented in a 0° angle. [[File:Laminate.png|500px]] A modal analysis was performed with this FE-modal in both free and clamped boundary condition. The clamped condition was realized by putting constraints on nodes of the flange. Results obtained from the free model: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! FE !! !! exp.Blade 1 !! exp. Blade 2 !! exp. Blade 3 |- | 1 || First bending || 49.2 Hz || || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 139.7 Hz || || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 220.1 Hz || || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 272.6 Hz || || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 348.5 Hz || || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz |} <gallery> File:First_bending_mode.png| File:Second_bending_mode.png| File:First_torsional_mode.png| File:Third_bending_mode.png| File:Second_torsional_mode.png| {...} </gallery> Results of the model with constraints: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! FE !! !! exp. Blade 1 !! exp. Blade 2 !! exp. Blade 3 |- | 1 || First bending || 21.5 Hz || || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending ||75.8 Hz || || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 140.2 Hz || || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 189.3 Hz || || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 208.0 Hz || || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz |} <gallery> File:First_bending_mode_(clamped).png| File:Second_bending_mode_(clamped).png| File:Third_bending_mode_(clamped).png| File:Fourth_bending_mode_(clamped).png| File:First_torsional_mode_(clamped).png| {...} </gallery> *'''Hub Model''' The hub of the wind turbine is a complex part which has numerous components. An intersection of the finite element model can be seen in the picture below. The components are modeled individually and are assembled using compatibility conditions at the contact surfaces. In addition to the parts, which can be seen in the intersection, the epoxy resin is modeled for the sake of completeness. In further investigations, measurements of the hub assembly will be established and a model updating will be performed. [[File:Mesh_of_the_hub_assembly.png|300px]] *'''CAD Assembly Model''' [[File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png|80px]] Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] *'''Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN.''' [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] ==Model Updating== Model updating is a method to adjust parameters of a simulation model automatically so that it matches the dynamic behavior of the measured part. In the present case the modal parameters from the experiments are used as reference to adjust the material parameters for the finite element model to obtain better results. For this purpose an objective function is created which includes the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies and -vectors. Reaching a good result in optimization strongly depends on the quality of the finite element model. Since the finite element models themselves contain uncertainties with respect to the real parts a good agreement for all eigenfrequnecies and -vectors could be unachievable. To counteract this problem a weighted sum is introduced which offers more variability for a good compromise of all considered modes. The weighted sum can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ1.png|170px]], where '''''x''''' is the n-dimensional vector of the parameters to be updated, ''f'' represents the single objective functions, ''w'' is the vector with the weighting factors and ''m'' the number of the considered objective functions. In the present case the overall objective function ''J'' is composed of two functions. One represents the frequencies and the other the eigenvectors such that ''J'' can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ2.png|150px]]. The weighted sum of the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies is denoted by ::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ3.png|220px]], and the deviation of the eigenvectors in form of weighted MAC values [3] is described by :::::::::::::[[File:EQ4.1.png|190px]] with [[File:EQ4.2.png|350px]]. ==IMAC 2014== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 in which a finite element model is updated to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/9/9a/295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted on this page. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] ==References== [[File:References.png|800px]] c1313e8ba3c0971ee3102f1c0a62fb27d877edcd 14 7 557 337 2015-04-09T18:45:47Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki These groups are currently involved. To add your group to the list of contributors, type <nowiki>[[Category:Contributor]]</nowiki> somewhere in your page's body of text. [[Rome La Sapienza]] a65043ffb5b698b21ff0d8ea6d54f3b5341b3674 560 557 2015-04-09T18:46:36Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki These groups are currently involved. To add your group to the list of contributors, type <nowiki>[[Category:Contributor]]</nowiki> somewhere in your page's body of text. 4a4564e171741a26161490e0277d5ab1d1f3918f 0 194 558 2015-04-09T18:45:56Z Droettgen 44 Created page with "Placeholder" wikitext text/x-wiki Placeholder ed212fa164b940b935ec0a25b32878a0917c7268 559 558 2015-04-09T18:46:28Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Contributor]] 4c57ec42b952ebe71c6a511a94fbd98ceb3d7626 0 17 561 423 2015-08-08T15:58:09Z Droettgen 44 /* Experiments Performed */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|right|50px|link=http://wisc.edu]] ==Overview== The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine.<br clear="all"> <gallery> File:UW_2Blade_Turbine.JPG| File:UW Full Turbine Points.JPG| File:UW Blade Back.JPG File:UW NoBlade Turbine Front.jpg {...} </gallery> ==Experiments Performed== *Tests Performed Fall 2011 **[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] **[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *Tests performed by Dan Rohe (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia) **[[Full Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[Hub + 3 Blades]] (forthcoming) **[[Tower + Hub]] (forthcoming) *Tests performed by Dan Roettgen (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia **[[Hub + 3 Blades]] (forthcoming) **[[Hub + 1 Blades]] (forthcoming) == Calculations Performed == * Substructuring of UW-Madison Test Results (~Fall 2011) **[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) **[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) * Substructuring of Sandia Test Results (Summer 2012) **[[Hub+blades to Hub+Tower]] (forthcoming) **Paper Describing This: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf] == Summary of Ampair Tests == * Dan Rohe's thesis contains an excellent discussion of the experiments performed at UW-Madison and the difficulties encountered. A second set of tests was performed at Sandia (will post that data when we are able) and far better results were obtained. His thesis is available below. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/19/RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf] == Links == *[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/ Matt Allen's Home Page] *[http://www.engr.wisc.edu/ College of Engineering Homepage] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Broken Links]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] [[Virginia Tech]] 33e55c5747e111f7f97079dcacfe7b4718bf66d9 562 561 2015-08-08T15:59:06Z Droettgen 44 /* Calculations Performed */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|right|50px|link=http://wisc.edu]] ==Overview== The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine.<br clear="all"> <gallery> File:UW_2Blade_Turbine.JPG| File:UW Full Turbine Points.JPG| File:UW Blade Back.JPG File:UW NoBlade Turbine Front.jpg {...} </gallery> ==Experiments Performed== *Tests Performed Fall 2011 **[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] **[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *Tests performed by Dan Rohe (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia) **[[Full Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[Hub + 3 Blades]] (forthcoming) **[[Tower + Hub]] (forthcoming) *Tests performed by Dan Roettgen (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia **[[Hub + 3 Blades]] (forthcoming) **[[Hub + 1 Blades]] (forthcoming) == Calculations Performed == * Substructuring of UW-Madison Test Results (~Fall 2011) **[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) **[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) * Substructuring of Sandia Test Results (Summer 2012) **[[Hub+blades to Hub+Tower]] (forthcoming) **Paper Describing This: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf] * Substructuring of Test Results (Summer 2014) **[[Single-Blade and Hub Test used to reconstruct Three-Bladed Assembly]] (forthcoming) == Summary of Ampair Tests == * Dan Rohe's thesis contains an excellent discussion of the experiments performed at UW-Madison and the difficulties encountered. A second set of tests was performed at Sandia (will post that data when we are able) and far better results were obtained. His thesis is available below. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/19/RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf] == Links == *[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/ Matt Allen's Home Page] *[http://www.engr.wisc.edu/ College of Engineering Homepage] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Broken Links]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] [[Virginia Tech]] d8a452087dd829e03db7f46d83b74682acfed3cb 563 562 2015-08-09T01:14:47Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|right|50px|link=http://wisc.edu]] ==Overview== The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine.<br clear="all"> <gallery> File:UW_2Blade_Turbine.JPG| File:UW Full Turbine Points.JPG| File:UW Blade Back.JPG File:UW NoBlade Turbine Front.jpg {...} </gallery> ==Experiments Performed== *Tests Performed Fall 2011 **[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] **[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *Tests performed by Dan Rohe (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia) **[[Full Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[Hub + 3 Blades]] (forthcoming) **[[Tower + Hub]] (forthcoming) *Tests performed by Dan Roettgen (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia **[[Hub + 3 Blades]] (forthcoming) **[[Hub + 1 Blades]] (forthcoming) *Nonlinear Substructure Test Data **[[Nonlinear Amp-Air Wind Turbine Assembly]] == Calculations Performed == * Substructuring of UW-Madison Test Results (~Fall 2011) **[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) **[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) * Substructuring of Sandia Test Results (Summer 2012) **[[Hub+blades to Hub+Tower]] (forthcoming) **Paper Describing This: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf] * Substructuring of Test Results (Summer 2014) **[[Single-Blade and Hub Test used to reconstruct Three-Bladed Assembly]] (forthcoming) == Summary of Ampair Tests == * Dan Rohe's thesis contains an excellent discussion of the experiments performed at UW-Madison and the difficulties encountered. A second set of tests was performed at Sandia (will post that data when we are able) and far better results were obtained. His thesis is available below. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/19/RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf] == Links == *[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/ Matt Allen's Home Page] *[http://www.engr.wisc.edu/ College of Engineering Homepage] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Broken Links]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] [[Virginia Tech]] 41c57aa0a3b4ad29ec5404950d70444f8d54781a 583 563 2015-08-09T01:35:27Z Droettgen 44 /* Experiments Performed */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|right|50px|link=http://wisc.edu]] ==Overview== The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine.<br clear="all"> <gallery> File:UW_2Blade_Turbine.JPG| File:UW Full Turbine Points.JPG| File:UW Blade Back.JPG File:UW NoBlade Turbine Front.jpg {...} </gallery> ==Experiments Performed== *Tests Performed Fall 2011 **[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] **[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *Tests performed by Dan Rohe (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia) **[[Full Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[Hub + 3 Blades]] (forthcoming) **[[Tower + Hub]] (forthcoming) *Tests performed by Dan Roettgen (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia **[[Rotor System Tests (Single and Three Bladed Assembly)]] (forthcoming) *Nonlinear Substructure Test Data **[[Nonlinear Amp-Air Wind Turbine Assembly]] == Calculations Performed == * Substructuring of UW-Madison Test Results (~Fall 2011) **[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) **[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) * Substructuring of Sandia Test Results (Summer 2012) **[[Hub+blades to Hub+Tower]] (forthcoming) **Paper Describing This: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf] * Substructuring of Test Results (Summer 2014) **[[Single-Blade and Hub Test used to reconstruct Three-Bladed Assembly]] (forthcoming) == Summary of Ampair Tests == * Dan Rohe's thesis contains an excellent discussion of the experiments performed at UW-Madison and the difficulties encountered. A second set of tests was performed at Sandia (will post that data when we are able) and far better results were obtained. His thesis is available below. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/19/RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf] == Links == *[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/ Matt Allen's Home Page] *[http://www.engr.wisc.edu/ College of Engineering Homepage] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Broken Links]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] [[Virginia Tech]] fafbf175e10e2f4a844d3dccbfd9622aaf220c3d 593 583 2015-08-09T01:52:41Z Droettgen 44 /* Experiments Performed */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|right|50px|link=http://wisc.edu]] ==Overview== The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine.<br clear="all"> <gallery> File:UW_2Blade_Turbine.JPG| File:UW Full Turbine Points.JPG| File:UW Blade Back.JPG File:UW NoBlade Turbine Front.jpg {...} </gallery> ==Experiments Performed== *Tests Performed Fall 2011 **[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] **[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *Tests performed by Dan Rohe (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia) **[[Full Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[Hub + 3 Blades]] (forthcoming) **[[Tower + Hub]] (forthcoming) *Tests performed by Dan Roettgen (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia **[[Rotor System Tests (Single and Three Bladed Assembly)]] (forthcoming) *Nonlinear Substructure Test Data **[[Nonlinear Amp-Air Wind Turbine Assembly]] == Calculations Performed == * Substructuring of UW-Madison Test Results (~Fall 2011) **[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) **[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) * Substructuring of Sandia Test Results (Summer 2012) **[[Hub+blades to Hub+Tower]] (forthcoming) **Paper Describing This: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf] * Substructuring of Test Results (Summer 2014) **[[Single-Blade and Hub Test used to reconstruct Three-Bladed Assembly]] (forthcoming) == Summary of Ampair Tests == * Dan Rohe's thesis contains an excellent discussion of the experiments performed at UW-Madison and the difficulties encountered. A second set of tests was performed at Sandia (will post that data when we are able) and far better results were obtained. His thesis is available below. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/19/RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf] == Links == *[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/ Matt Allen's Home Page] *[http://www.engr.wisc.edu/ College of Engineering Homepage] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Broken Links]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] [[Virginia Tech]] 51f5df0935ac8d53c0660e9f65cdbf418696f864 594 593 2015-08-09T01:53:05Z Droettgen 44 /* Experiments Performed */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|right|50px|link=http://wisc.edu]] ==Overview== The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine.<br clear="all"> <gallery> File:UW_2Blade_Turbine.JPG| File:UW Full Turbine Points.JPG| File:UW Blade Back.JPG File:UW NoBlade Turbine Front.jpg {...} </gallery> ==Experiments Performed== *Tests Performed Fall 2011 **[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] **[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *Tests performed by Dan Rohe (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia) **[[Full Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[Hub + 3 Blades]] (forthcoming) **[[Tower + Hub]] (forthcoming) *Tests performed by Dan Roettgen (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia) **[[Rotor System Tests (Single and Three Bladed Assembly)]] *Nonlinear Substructure Test Data **[[Nonlinear Amp-Air Wind Turbine Assembly]] == Calculations Performed == * Substructuring of UW-Madison Test Results (~Fall 2011) **[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) **[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) * Substructuring of Sandia Test Results (Summer 2012) **[[Hub+blades to Hub+Tower]] (forthcoming) **Paper Describing This: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf] * Substructuring of Test Results (Summer 2014) **[[Single-Blade and Hub Test used to reconstruct Three-Bladed Assembly]] (forthcoming) == Summary of Ampair Tests == * Dan Rohe's thesis contains an excellent discussion of the experiments performed at UW-Madison and the difficulties encountered. A second set of tests was performed at Sandia (will post that data when we are able) and far better results were obtained. His thesis is available below. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/19/RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf] == Links == *[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/ Matt Allen's Home Page] *[http://www.engr.wisc.edu/ College of Engineering Homepage] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Broken Links]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] [[Virginia Tech]] 4ec50f30d2df94f09f77a3bfe0286a276f6931ba 598 594 2016-01-22T18:17:29Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|right|50px|link=http://wisc.edu]] ==Overview== The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine.<br clear="all"> <gallery> File:UW_2Blade_Turbine.JPG| File:UW Full Turbine Points.JPG| File:UW Blade Back.JPG File:UW NoBlade Turbine Front.jpg {...} </gallery> ==Experiments Performed== *Tests Performed Fall 2011 **[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] **[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *Tests performed by Dan Rohe (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia) **[[Full Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[Hub + 3 Blades]] (forthcoming) **[[Tower + Hub]] (forthcoming) *Tests performed by Dan Roettgen (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia) **[[Rotor System Tests (Single and Three Bladed Assembly)]] *Nonlinear Substructure Test Data **[[Nonlinear Amp-Air Wind Turbine Assembly]] == Calculations Performed == * Substructuring of UW-Madison Test Results (~Fall 2011) **[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) **[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) * Substructuring of Sandia Test Results (Summer 2012) **[[Hub+blades to Hub+Tower]] (forthcoming) **Paper Describing This: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf] * Substructuring of Test Results (Summer 2014) **[[Single-Blade and Hub Test used to reconstruct Three-Bladed Assembly]] (forthcoming) == Summary of Ampair Tests == * Dan Rohe's thesis contains an excellent discussion of the experiments performed at UW-Madison and the difficulties encountered. A second set of tests was performed at Sandia (will post that data when we are able) and far better results were obtained. His thesis is available below. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/19/RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf] == Links == *[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/ Matt Allen's Home Page] *[http://www.engr.wisc.edu/ College of Engineering Homepage] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Broken Links]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] [[Category:AmpAir]] [[Virginia Tech]] 826ecf0ddbf6bc6f719b640aa1518a6afedbd818 0 195 564 2015-08-09T01:15:41Z Droettgen 44 Created page with "==Details== This test was performed in summer 2014. == Photos == [[File: UW_2Blade_Turbine.JPG|frame|x300px|none|2-bladed Turbine Configuration]] == Data and Geometry == All..." wikitext text/x-wiki ==Details== This test was performed in summer 2014. == Photos == [[File: UW_2Blade_Turbine.JPG|frame|x300px|none|2-bladed Turbine Configuration]] == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geometry.uff|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Turbine_Test_1.rar|Dataset 1]] | [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Turbine_Test_2.rar|Dataset 2]] <gallery> Image: UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geo.jpg | Point Resolution, Front View Image: UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geo_Side.jpg | Point Resolution, Side View </gallery> == Results == <gallery> Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_1.jpg | Mode 1 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_2.jpg | Mode 2 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_3.jpg | Mode 3 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_4.jpg | Mode 4 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_5.jpg | Mode 5 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_6.jpg | Mode 6 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_7.jpg | Mode 7 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_8.jpg | Mode 8 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_9.jpg | Mode 9 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_10.jpg | Mode 10 </gallery> [[Category:Experiments]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] [[Category:Ampair]] c6b4ea78cb83b38f0ab7c519eb5e2f44505e205a 566 564 2015-08-09T01:19:24Z Droettgen 44 /* Photos */ wikitext text/x-wiki ==Details== This test was performed in summer 2014. == Photos == [[File: 3blade.JPG|frame|x300px|none|b-bladed Turbine Configuration]] == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geometry.uff|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Turbine_Test_1.rar|Dataset 1]] | [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Turbine_Test_2.rar|Dataset 2]] <gallery> Image: UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geo.jpg | Point Resolution, Front View Image: UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geo_Side.jpg | Point Resolution, Side View </gallery> == Results == <gallery> Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_1.jpg | Mode 1 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_2.jpg | Mode 2 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_3.jpg | Mode 3 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_4.jpg | Mode 4 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_5.jpg | Mode 5 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_6.jpg | Mode 6 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_7.jpg | Mode 7 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_8.jpg | Mode 8 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_9.jpg | Mode 9 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_10.jpg | Mode 10 </gallery> [[Category:Experiments]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] [[Category:Ampair]] 023800b88bbc54c9d2af5c686303173a9b683038 568 566 2015-08-09T01:20:10Z Droettgen 44 /* Photos */ wikitext text/x-wiki ==Details== This test was performed in summer 2014. == Photos == [[File: 3blade.JPG|frame|x300px|none|3-bladed Turbine Configuration]] [[File: 1blade.JPG|frame|x300px|none|1-bladed Turbine Configuration]] == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geometry.uff|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Turbine_Test_1.rar|Dataset 1]] | [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Turbine_Test_2.rar|Dataset 2]] <gallery> Image: UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geo.jpg | Point Resolution, Front View Image: UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geo_Side.jpg | Point Resolution, Side View </gallery> == Results == <gallery> Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_1.jpg | Mode 1 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_2.jpg | Mode 2 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_3.jpg | Mode 3 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_4.jpg | Mode 4 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_5.jpg | Mode 5 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_6.jpg | Mode 6 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_7.jpg | Mode 7 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_8.jpg | Mode 8 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_9.jpg | Mode 9 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_10.jpg | Mode 10 </gallery> [[Category:Experiments]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] [[Category:Ampair]] dee2651b602173ddd4d6bf530087aaebccbffb66 569 568 2015-08-09T01:20:20Z Droettgen 44 /* Photos */ wikitext text/x-wiki ==Details== This test was performed in summer 2014. == Photos == [[File: 3blade.JPG|frame|x300px|none|3-bladed Turbine Configuration]][[File: 1blade.JPG|frame|x300px|none|1-bladed Turbine Configuration]] == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geometry.uff|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Turbine_Test_1.rar|Dataset 1]] | [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Turbine_Test_2.rar|Dataset 2]] <gallery> Image: UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geo.jpg | Point Resolution, Front View Image: UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geo_Side.jpg | Point Resolution, Side View </gallery> == Results == <gallery> Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_1.jpg | Mode 1 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_2.jpg | Mode 2 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_3.jpg | Mode 3 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_4.jpg | Mode 4 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_5.jpg | Mode 5 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_6.jpg | Mode 6 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_7.jpg | Mode 7 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_8.jpg | Mode 8 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_9.jpg | Mode 9 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_10.jpg | Mode 10 </gallery> [[Category:Experiments]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] [[Category:Ampair]] 866835113225d17964b34677cba5374e3b54bb85 570 569 2015-08-09T01:21:00Z Droettgen 44 /* Photos */ wikitext text/x-wiki ==Details== This test was performed in summer 2014. == Photos == <gallery> Image: 3blade.jpg | Point Resolution, Front View Image: 1blade.jpg | Point Resolution, Side View </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geometry.uff|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Turbine_Test_1.rar|Dataset 1]] | [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Turbine_Test_2.rar|Dataset 2]] <gallery> Image: UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geo.jpg | Point Resolution, Front View Image: UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geo_Side.jpg | Point Resolution, Side View </gallery> == Results == <gallery> Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_1.jpg | Mode 1 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_2.jpg | Mode 2 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_3.jpg | Mode 3 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_4.jpg | Mode 4 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_5.jpg | Mode 5 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_6.jpg | Mode 6 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_7.jpg | Mode 7 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_8.jpg | Mode 8 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_9.jpg | Mode 9 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_10.jpg | Mode 10 </gallery> [[Category:Experiments]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] [[Category:Ampair]] 79ac1c14134f54bad2ebaeba4ec90298bdde74eb 571 570 2015-08-09T01:21:19Z Droettgen 44 /* Photos */ wikitext text/x-wiki ==Details== This test was performed in summer 2014. == Photos == <gallery> Image: 3blade.JPG | Point Resolution, Front View Image: 1blade.JPG | Point Resolution, Side View </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geometry.uff|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Turbine_Test_1.rar|Dataset 1]] | [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Turbine_Test_2.rar|Dataset 2]] <gallery> Image: UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geo.jpg | Point Resolution, Front View Image: UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geo_Side.jpg | Point Resolution, Side View </gallery> == Results == <gallery> Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_1.jpg | Mode 1 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_2.jpg | Mode 2 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_3.jpg | Mode 3 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_4.jpg | Mode 4 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_5.jpg | Mode 5 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_6.jpg | Mode 6 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_7.jpg | Mode 7 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_8.jpg | Mode 8 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_9.jpg | Mode 9 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_10.jpg | Mode 10 </gallery> [[Category:Experiments]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] [[Category:Ampair]] 55d042ec4a9436f25d232f07870b7a67afd63ede 572 571 2015-08-09T01:21:39Z Droettgen 44 /* Photos */ wikitext text/x-wiki ==Details== This test was performed in summer 2014. == Photos == <gallery> Image: 3blade.JPG | 3-Bladed Rotor Assembly Image: 1blade.JPG | 1-Bladed Rotor Assembly </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geometry.uff|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Turbine_Test_1.rar|Dataset 1]] | [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Turbine_Test_2.rar|Dataset 2]] <gallery> Image: UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geo.jpg | Point Resolution, Front View Image: UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geo_Side.jpg | Point Resolution, Side View </gallery> == Results == <gallery> Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_1.jpg | Mode 1 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_2.jpg | Mode 2 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_3.jpg | Mode 3 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_4.jpg | Mode 4 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_5.jpg | Mode 5 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_6.jpg | Mode 6 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_7.jpg | Mode 7 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_8.jpg | Mode 8 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_9.jpg | Mode 9 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_10.jpg | Mode 10 </gallery> [[Category:Experiments]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] [[Category:Ampair]] b831848574d0440c3350006ad7126ad00218a60a 574 572 2015-08-09T01:26:21Z Droettgen 44 /* Data and Geometry */ wikitext text/x-wiki ==Details== This test was performed in summer 2014. == Photos == <gallery> Image: 3blade.JPG | 3-Bladed Rotor Assembly Image: 1blade.JPG | 1-Bladed Rotor Assembly </gallery> == Data and Geometry == Data from the three bladed test has been uploaded, single blade test and geometry file forthcoming. [[:File:AssemblyNLData2014.zip|Geometry File]] <gallery> Image: UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geo.jpg | Point Resolution, Front View Image: UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geo_Side.jpg | Point Resolution, Side View </gallery> == Results == <gallery> Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_1.jpg | Mode 1 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_2.jpg | Mode 2 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_3.jpg | Mode 3 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_4.jpg | Mode 4 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_5.jpg | Mode 5 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_6.jpg | Mode 6 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_7.jpg | Mode 7 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_8.jpg | Mode 8 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_9.jpg | Mode 9 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_10.jpg | Mode 10 </gallery> [[Category:Experiments]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] [[Category:Ampair]] 2b3e06727d3866b003f9abac97e67aef8c5e6911 575 574 2015-08-09T01:26:33Z Droettgen 44 /* Data and Geometry */ wikitext text/x-wiki ==Details== This test was performed in summer 2014. == Photos == <gallery> Image: 3blade.JPG | 3-Bladed Rotor Assembly Image: 1blade.JPG | 1-Bladed Rotor Assembly </gallery> == Data and Geometry == Data from the three bladed test has been uploaded, single blade test and geometry file forthcoming. [[:File:AssemblyNLData2014.zip|3 Bladed Test]] <gallery> Image: UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geo.jpg | Point Resolution, Front View Image: UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geo_Side.jpg | Point Resolution, Side View </gallery> == Results == <gallery> Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_1.jpg | Mode 1 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_2.jpg | Mode 2 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_3.jpg | Mode 3 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_4.jpg | Mode 4 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_5.jpg | Mode 5 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_6.jpg | Mode 6 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_7.jpg | Mode 7 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_8.jpg | Mode 8 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_9.jpg | Mode 9 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_10.jpg | Mode 10 </gallery> [[Category:Experiments]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] [[Category:Ampair]] aecf71e7547522778155c94b50ef29a1b255af19 576 575 2015-08-09T01:26:40Z Droettgen 44 /* Data and Geometry */ wikitext text/x-wiki ==Details== This test was performed in summer 2014. == Photos == <gallery> Image: 3blade.JPG | 3-Bladed Rotor Assembly Image: 1blade.JPG | 1-Bladed Rotor Assembly </gallery> == Data and Geometry == Data from the three bladed test has been uploaded, single blade test and geometry file forthcoming. [[:File:AssemblyNLData2014.zip|3 Bladed Test]] == Results == <gallery> Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_1.jpg | Mode 1 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_2.jpg | Mode 2 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_3.jpg | Mode 3 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_4.jpg | Mode 4 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_5.jpg | Mode 5 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_6.jpg | Mode 6 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_7.jpg | Mode 7 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_8.jpg | Mode 8 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_9.jpg | Mode 9 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_10.jpg | Mode 10 </gallery> [[Category:Experiments]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] [[Category:Ampair]] 0b126ec67f41d2f0baaab38c49a330dbfad58306 577 576 2015-08-09T01:26:50Z Droettgen 44 /* Data and Geometry */ wikitext text/x-wiki ==Details== This test was performed in summer 2014. == Photos == <gallery> Image: 3blade.JPG | 3-Bladed Rotor Assembly Image: 1blade.JPG | 1-Bladed Rotor Assembly </gallery> == Data and Geometry == Data from the three bladed test has been uploaded, single blade test and geometry file forthcoming. [[:File:AssemblyNLData2014.zip|3-Bladed Test]] == Results == <gallery> Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_1.jpg | Mode 1 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_2.jpg | Mode 2 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_3.jpg | Mode 3 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_4.jpg | Mode 4 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_5.jpg | Mode 5 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_6.jpg | Mode 6 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_7.jpg | Mode 7 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_8.jpg | Mode 8 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_9.jpg | Mode 9 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_10.jpg | Mode 10 </gallery> [[Category:Experiments]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] [[Category:Ampair]] f8a235a076cf40da2703946c40fd119547cf5f33 578 577 2015-08-09T01:27:21Z Droettgen 44 /* Data and Geometry */ wikitext text/x-wiki ==Details== This test was performed in summer 2014. == Photos == <gallery> Image: 3blade.JPG | 3-Bladed Rotor Assembly Image: 1blade.JPG | 1-Bladed Rotor Assembly </gallery> == Data and Geometry == Data from the three bladed test has been uploaded, single blade test and geometry file forthcoming. High level hits were taken at three driving point locations on the hub of the system. [[:File:AssemblyNLData2014.zip|3-Bladed Test]] == Results == <gallery> Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_1.jpg | Mode 1 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_2.jpg | Mode 2 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_3.jpg | Mode 3 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_4.jpg | Mode 4 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_5.jpg | Mode 5 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_6.jpg | Mode 6 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_7.jpg | Mode 7 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_8.jpg | Mode 8 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_9.jpg | Mode 9 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_10.jpg | Mode 10 </gallery> [[Category:Experiments]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] [[Category:Ampair]] b3784373aea3a27a6f904ace6bd50ea36a6b56c3 581 578 2015-08-09T01:33:22Z Droettgen 44 /* Results */ wikitext text/x-wiki ==Details== This test was performed in summer 2014. == Photos == <gallery> Image: 3blade.JPG | 3-Bladed Rotor Assembly Image: 1blade.JPG | 1-Bladed Rotor Assembly </gallery> == Data and Geometry == Data from the three bladed test has been uploaded, single blade test and geometry file forthcoming. High level hits were taken at three driving point locations on the hub of the system. [[:File:AssemblyNLData2014.zip|3-Bladed Test]] == Results == <gallery> Image: UW2014ZEFFT.jpg | ZEFFT Spectrum 5th Mode Image: UW2014HilbDamp.jpg | Damping vs. Velocity Amplitude 5th Mode </gallery> [[Category:Experiments]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] [[Category:Ampair]] a307f605d103c9515093066652c9e7f08788412e 582 581 2015-08-09T01:34:23Z Droettgen 44 /* Results */ wikitext text/x-wiki ==Details== This test was performed in summer 2014. == Photos == <gallery> Image: 3blade.JPG | 3-Bladed Rotor Assembly Image: 1blade.JPG | 1-Bladed Rotor Assembly </gallery> == Data and Geometry == Data from the three bladed test has been uploaded, single blade test and geometry file forthcoming. High level hits were taken at three driving point locations on the hub of the system. [[:File:AssemblyNLData2014.zip|3-Bladed Test]] == Results == This data has been screened for potential nonlinear traits using the ZEFFT and Hilbert Transform algorithms. Examples below show results for the 5th mode. <gallery> Image: UW2014ZEFFT.jpg | ZEFFT Spectrum 5th Mode Image: UW2014HilbDamp.jpg | Damping vs. Velocity Amplitude 5th Mode </gallery> [[Category:Experiments]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] [[Category:Ampair]] edc40cda43711d33b73a93285fa37df6af522134 597 582 2015-08-09T02:06:46Z Droettgen 44 /* Results */ wikitext text/x-wiki ==Details== This test was performed in summer 2014. == Photos == <gallery> Image: 3blade.JPG | 3-Bladed Rotor Assembly Image: 1blade.JPG | 1-Bladed Rotor Assembly </gallery> == Data and Geometry == Data from the three bladed test has been uploaded, single blade test and geometry file forthcoming. High level hits were taken at three driving point locations on the hub of the system. [[:File:AssemblyNLData2014.zip|3-Bladed Test]] == Results == This data has been screened for potential nonlinear traits using the ZEFFT and Hilbert Transform algorithms. Examples below show results for the 5th mode. <gallery> Image: UW2014ZEFFT.jpg | ZEFFT Spectrum 5th Mode Image: UW2014HilbDamp.jpg | Damping vs. Velocity Amplitude 5th Mode </gallery> [[Category:Experiments]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] [[Category:Ampair]] [[Category:Non-Linear Testing]] ab63897e186bef2700af9e2bd129e5bf8c0537ea 6 198 573 2015-08-09T01:23:43Z Droettgen 44 Nonlinear strikes on the 3-bladed rotor assembly. wikitext text/x-wiki Nonlinear strikes on the 3-bladed rotor assembly. c44c5d56f86a5d7ed218c469bdee5b154bd68ff1 0 201 584 2015-08-09T01:36:45Z Droettgen 44 Created page with "==Details== This test was performed in summer 2014. Measurements were taken from a single blade and hub and three blade and hub assembly using a hammer impulse. == Photos ==..." wikitext text/x-wiki ==Details== This test was performed in summer 2014. Measurements were taken from a single blade and hub and three blade and hub assembly using a hammer impulse. == Photos == [[File: UW_2Blade_Turbine.JPG|frame|x300px|none|2-bladed Turbine Configuration]] == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geometry.uff|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Turbine_Test_1.rar|Dataset 1]] | [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Turbine_Test_2.rar|Dataset 2]] <gallery> Image: UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geo.jpg | Point Resolution, Front View Image: UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geo_Side.jpg | Point Resolution, Side View </gallery> == Results == <gallery> Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_1.jpg | Mode 1 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_2.jpg | Mode 2 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_3.jpg | Mode 3 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_4.jpg | Mode 4 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_5.jpg | Mode 5 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_6.jpg | Mode 6 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_7.jpg | Mode 7 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_8.jpg | Mode 8 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_9.jpg | Mode 9 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_10.jpg | Mode 10 </gallery> [[Category:Experiments]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] 52bafbe51e81061a6fdeeb4d0ae2143c255c6af1 585 584 2015-08-09T01:37:15Z Droettgen 44 /* Photos */ wikitext text/x-wiki ==Details== This test was performed in summer 2014. Measurements were taken from a single blade and hub and three blade and hub assembly using a hammer impulse. == Photos == <gallery> Image: 3blade.JPG | 3-Bladed Rotor Assembly Image: 1blade.JPG | 1-Bladed Rotor Assembly </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geometry.uff|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Turbine_Test_1.rar|Dataset 1]] | [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Turbine_Test_2.rar|Dataset 2]] <gallery> Image: UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geo.jpg | Point Resolution, Front View Image: UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geo_Side.jpg | Point Resolution, Side View </gallery> == Results == <gallery> Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_1.jpg | Mode 1 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_2.jpg | Mode 2 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_3.jpg | Mode 3 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_4.jpg | Mode 4 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_5.jpg | Mode 5 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_6.jpg | Mode 6 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_7.jpg | Mode 7 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_8.jpg | Mode 8 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_9.jpg | Mode 9 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_10.jpg | Mode 10 </gallery> [[Category:Experiments]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] 81de715046aebe7d86137d24b8ee64a8f50a4545 587 585 2015-08-09T01:47:26Z Droettgen 44 /* Data and Geometry */ wikitext text/x-wiki ==Details== This test was performed in summer 2014. Measurements were taken from a single blade and hub and three blade and hub assembly using a hammer impulse. == Photos == <gallery> Image: 3blade.JPG | 3-Bladed Rotor Assembly Image: 1blade.JPG | 1-Bladed Rotor Assembly </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in .mat format. Test shapes have been uploaded. The ZIP file contains a single blade and hub shape results, a set of shapes for the single hub, and then the full three-bladed assembly truth test results. [[:File:UW Ampair TestShapes2014.zip|Test Shape]] <gallery> Image: UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geo.jpg | Point Resolution, Front View Image: UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geo_Side.jpg | Point Resolution, Side View </gallery> == Results == <gallery> Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_1.jpg | Mode 1 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_2.jpg | Mode 2 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_3.jpg | Mode 3 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_4.jpg | Mode 4 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_5.jpg | Mode 5 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_6.jpg | Mode 6 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_7.jpg | Mode 7 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_8.jpg | Mode 8 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_9.jpg | Mode 9 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_10.jpg | Mode 10 </gallery> [[Category:Experiments]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] 50c87072c7afbc5288fb0390278b38d6e0e006dc 588 587 2015-08-09T01:47:42Z Droettgen 44 /* Data and Geometry */ wikitext text/x-wiki ==Details== This test was performed in summer 2014. Measurements were taken from a single blade and hub and three blade and hub assembly using a hammer impulse. == Photos == <gallery> Image: 3blade.JPG | 3-Bladed Rotor Assembly Image: 1blade.JPG | 1-Bladed Rotor Assembly </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in .mat format. Test shapes have been uploaded. The ZIP file contains a single blade and hub shape results, a set of shapes for the single hub, and then the full three-bladed assembly truth test results. Geometry file forthcoming. [[:File:UW Ampair TestShapes2014.zip|Test Shape]] <gallery> Image: UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geo.jpg | Point Resolution, Front View Image: UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geo_Side.jpg | Point Resolution, Side View </gallery> == Results == <gallery> Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_1.jpg | Mode 1 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_2.jpg | Mode 2 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_3.jpg | Mode 3 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_4.jpg | Mode 4 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_5.jpg | Mode 5 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_6.jpg | Mode 6 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_7.jpg | Mode 7 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_8.jpg | Mode 8 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_9.jpg | Mode 9 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_10.jpg | Mode 10 </gallery> [[Category:Experiments]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] 771bcfb0379fdeaffbb93265733a6d87d84429d2 591 588 2015-08-09T01:52:09Z Droettgen 44 /* Data and Geometry */ wikitext text/x-wiki ==Details== This test was performed in summer 2014. Measurements were taken from a single blade and hub and three blade and hub assembly using a hammer impulse. == Photos == <gallery> Image: 3blade.JPG | 3-Bladed Rotor Assembly Image: 1blade.JPG | 1-Bladed Rotor Assembly </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in .mat format. Test shapes have been uploaded. The ZIP file contains a single blade and hub shape results, a set of shapes for the single hub, and then the full three-bladed assembly truth test results. Geometry file forthcoming. [[:File:UW Ampair TestShapes2014.zip|Test Shape]] <gallery> Image: UW2014 SS CoordinateSys.PNG | Coordinate System Diagram Image: MeasurementResolution2014 UW SS.jpg | Measurement Resolution </gallery> == Results == <gallery> Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_1.jpg | Mode 1 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_2.jpg | Mode 2 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_3.jpg | Mode 3 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_4.jpg | Mode 4 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_5.jpg | Mode 5 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_6.jpg | Mode 6 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_7.jpg | Mode 7 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_8.jpg | Mode 8 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_9.jpg | Mode 9 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_10.jpg | Mode 10 </gallery> [[Category:Experiments]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] 1f23337a186e106e69e259632e461cba76bddb6b 592 591 2015-08-09T01:52:30Z Droettgen 44 /* Results */ wikitext text/x-wiki ==Details== This test was performed in summer 2014. Measurements were taken from a single blade and hub and three blade and hub assembly using a hammer impulse. == Photos == <gallery> Image: 3blade.JPG | 3-Bladed Rotor Assembly Image: 1blade.JPG | 1-Bladed Rotor Assembly </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in .mat format. Test shapes have been uploaded. The ZIP file contains a single blade and hub shape results, a set of shapes for the single hub, and then the full three-bladed assembly truth test results. Geometry file forthcoming. [[:File:UW Ampair TestShapes2014.zip|Test Shape]] <gallery> Image: UW2014 SS CoordinateSys.PNG | Coordinate System Diagram Image: MeasurementResolution2014 UW SS.jpg | Measurement Resolution </gallery> == Results == Mode Shape Images Forthcoming. [[Category:Experiments]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] a0b9a1ddc8cda94a1b888f3dbfb54b18c4510d47 595 592 2015-08-09T02:06:18Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Details== This test was performed in summer 2014. Measurements were taken from a single blade and hub and three blade and hub assembly using a hammer impulse. == Photos == <gallery> Image: 3blade.JPG | 3-Bladed Rotor Assembly Image: 1blade.JPG | 1-Bladed Rotor Assembly </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in .mat format. Test shapes have been uploaded. The ZIP file contains a single blade and hub shape results, a set of shapes for the single hub, and then the full three-bladed assembly truth test results. Geometry file forthcoming. [[:File:UW Ampair TestShapes2014.zip|Test Shape]] <gallery> Image: UW2014 SS CoordinateSys.PNG | Coordinate System Diagram Image: MeasurementResolution2014 UW SS.jpg | Measurement Resolution </gallery> == Results == Mode Shape Images Forthcoming. [[Category:Experiments]] [[Category:Non-Linear Testing]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] 811d5857befa5b59d0ecc43274a53ec0d651c937 596 595 2015-08-09T02:06:30Z Droettgen 44 /* Results */ wikitext text/x-wiki ==Details== This test was performed in summer 2014. Measurements were taken from a single blade and hub and three blade and hub assembly using a hammer impulse. == Photos == <gallery> Image: 3blade.JPG | 3-Bladed Rotor Assembly Image: 1blade.JPG | 1-Bladed Rotor Assembly </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in .mat format. Test shapes have been uploaded. The ZIP file contains a single blade and hub shape results, a set of shapes for the single hub, and then the full three-bladed assembly truth test results. Geometry file forthcoming. [[:File:UW Ampair TestShapes2014.zip|Test Shape]] <gallery> Image: UW2014 SS CoordinateSys.PNG | Coordinate System Diagram Image: MeasurementResolution2014 UW SS.jpg | Measurement Resolution </gallery> == Results == Mode Shape Images Forthcoming. [[Category:Experiments]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] a0b9a1ddc8cda94a1b888f3dbfb54b18c4510d47 6 202 586 2015-08-09T01:46:00Z Droettgen 44 Contains 1 blade and hub, three blade and hub, and solo hub shapes for dynamics substructuring. wikitext text/x-wiki Contains 1 blade and hub, three blade and hub, and solo hub shapes for dynamics substructuring. 9ea6dbbdcb892290a9dacdb77babb0acfaf8d8b1 6 203 589 2015-08-09T01:50:03Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 14 205 599 2016-01-22T18:18:08Z Droettgen 44 Created page with "These are the pages tagged under the AmpAir category. To add your page type <nowiki>[[Category:AmpAir]]</nowiki> somewhere in your page's body of text." wikitext text/x-wiki These are the pages tagged under the AmpAir category. To add your page type <nowiki>[[Category:AmpAir]]</nowiki> somewhere in your page's body of text. 1e5f483983d29486d5a52266b007210d70c9f542 0 10 600 207 2016-01-22T18:24:44Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki The test bed that the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen is an Ampair 600 Wind Turbine. This turbine was purchased and then modified to decrease the nonlinearities in the system. == Ampair 600 Wind Turbine == [[File:FullTurbine.png|200px|right|Ampair 600 Turbine]] The Ampair 600 Wind Turbine we are working with is the stock wind turbine with some of the electrical 'guts' removed, and replaced with solid masses. The tail has also been replaced with a smaller version. The turbine hub and nacelle are fixed to a flag pole which is fixed to a large mass. This large mass is then floating on a trampoline to simulate a free-free test condition. More information can be found here: [[:File:Substructuring_Testbed_Assembly_Instructions.pdf|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:TestBedPoster.pdf|Testbed Poster]] [[Category:AmpAir]] b7322038132bfde451d0d25eced5c87d6a2b0355 0 95 601 430 2016-01-22T18:25:11Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki The group at University of L'Aquila strictly cooperates with the group at University of Rome "La Sapienza". ==The following compressed (rar) file contains:== *A geometry file (stp) of the blade, corrected in order to take out fillets. It still has some defects (curvature changes) at the tip of the blade: in that area the mesh has to be adjusted manually; *A NASTRAN model using four nodes solid elements: the material is considered to be isotropic and the material properties were selected so as to fit natural frequencies identifed by UML. [[:File:LAquila_AMPAIR_BLADE.rar|NASTRAN Model of Blade]] Contributed by [http://scholar.google.it/citations?user=ZFFqsksAAAAJ Walter D'Ambrogio] from the University of L'Aquila. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] [[Category:AmpAir]] ad67e4e2fd443503c74dda1208197347af1972af 0 18 602 266 2016-01-22T18:25:30Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:ChalmersLogo_2.png|right|150px|link=http://www.chalmers.se]] Chalmers University of Technology have initially focused on investigating the blades for the Ampair turbine; several free-free vibration tests as well as destructive testing of blades have been performed. A master student, Mladen Gibanica, is currently working on using substructuring techniques to couple analytical and experimental models of the blades to the hub. Calibrated FE models of the blades have also been developed. == Experiments Performed == *[[Geometric and dynamic characterization of 12 blades-Chalmers]] *[[Additional testing of blade 963-Chalmers]] == Calculations Performed == *[[Analysis of blade spread from 12 blades-Chalmers]] **Paper describing this: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/179_gib.pdf Spread in modal data obtained from wind turbine blade testing], presented at the 31th IMAC, Garden Grove, CA, February 11-14, 2013 == Models == *[[Calibrated FE model-Chalmers]] **Paper describing this: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/108_joh.pdf Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade], presented at the 31th IMAC, Garden Grove, CA, February 11-14, 2013 [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:AmpAir]] 582e01bc9d801951dfab7a0341cf56f8697bd01d 0 15 603 513 2016-01-22T18:25:53Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki Below is a video of Patrick Hunter exciting the turbine into its pitch mode: http://youtu.be/uIj_m17DR4I A single blade from the Ampair was connected to the hub and tested in free-free conditions in July 2014, using a modal hammer for input with a few accelerometers as outputs. The measurements can be downloaded at the link below. [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/db/Response_1BladeHub_SandiaJointsInstitute.zip Ampair Nonlinear Joint Measurements] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:AmpAir]] 81abfbd0a4aa467d81e356a5f96d789b0ad364a4 0 14 604 367 2016-01-22T18:27:01Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:AWEBladeScan.png|left|350px|http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/1c/Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt]] [[File:AWEBladeScan_Back.png|left|350px|http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/1c/Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt]] The Atomic Weapons Establishment used scanning laser measurements to create an accurate geometric model of the blade. This measurement was averaged and curve fitted over 3 Ampair 600 blades. The measurement is available in the text file here: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/1c/Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt]. The file is actually in 'step' model format so please rename to *.stp after downloading. The pictures are screen captures that Matt Allen created in SolidWorks 2012 after opening the *.stp file. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:AmpAir]] e2a770276aa3c46894c7b54fab819f35c275fcd0 0 10 605 600 2016-01-22T18:28:00Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki The test bed that the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen is an Ampair 600 Wind Turbine. This turbine was purchased and then modified to decrease the nonlinearities in the system. == Ampair 600 Wind Turbine == [[File:FullTurbine.png|200px|right|Ampair 600 Turbine]] The Ampair 600 Wind Turbine we are working with is the stock wind turbine with some of the electrical 'guts' removed, and replaced with solid masses. The tail has also been replaced with a smaller version. The turbine hub and nacelle are fixed to a flag pole which is fixed to a large mass. This large mass is then floating on a trampoline to simulate a free-free test condition. More information can be found here: [[:File:Substructuring_Testbed_Assembly_Instructions.pdf|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:TestBedPoster.pdf|Testbed Poster]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! [[Category:AmpAir]] 0d24ae0cc3de28cb066a626725bb9cef6d89f056 606 605 2016-01-22T18:28:37Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki The test bed that the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen is an Ampair 600 Wind Turbine. This turbine was purchased and then modified to decrease the nonlinearities in the system. == Ampair 600 Wind Turbine == [[File:FullTurbine.png|200px|right|Ampair 600 Turbine]] The Ampair 600 Wind Turbine we are working with is the stock wind turbine with some of the electrical 'guts' removed, and replaced with solid masses. The tail has also been replaced with a smaller version. The turbine hub and nacelle are fixed to a flag pole which is fixed to a large mass. This large mass is then floating on a trampoline to simulate a free-free test condition. More information can be found here: [[:File:Substructuring_Testbed_Assembly_Instructions.pdf|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:TestBedPoster.pdf|Testbed Poster]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! ==Available Infomration== *Tests Performed Fall 2011 **[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] **[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] [[Category:AmpAir]] 816e98ee961cbb0755e1055159d5f283948068fe 607 606 2016-01-22T18:32:04Z Droettgen 44 /* Available Infomration */ wikitext text/x-wiki The test bed that the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen is an Ampair 600 Wind Turbine. This turbine was purchased and then modified to decrease the nonlinearities in the system. == Ampair 600 Wind Turbine == [[File:FullTurbine.png|200px|right|Ampair 600 Turbine]] The Ampair 600 Wind Turbine we are working with is the stock wind turbine with some of the electrical 'guts' removed, and replaced with solid masses. The tail has also been replaced with a smaller version. The turbine hub and nacelle are fixed to a flag pole which is fixed to a large mass. This large mass is then floating on a trampoline to simulate a free-free test condition. More information can be found here: [[:File:Substructuring_Testbed_Assembly_Instructions.pdf|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:TestBedPoster.pdf|Testbed Poster]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! ==Available Infomration== *Models **[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] **[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] [[Category:AmpAir]] 02644bc35d647caec548ae02b6db4c6ec4c8ce72 608 607 2016-01-22T18:32:56Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki The test bed that the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen is an Ampair 600 Wind Turbine. This turbine was purchased and then modified to decrease the nonlinearities in the system. == Ampair 600 Wind Turbine == [[File:FullTurbine.png|200px|right|Ampair 600 Turbine]] The Ampair 600 Wind Turbine we are working with is the stock wind turbine with some of the electrical 'guts' removed, and replaced with solid masses. The tail has also been replaced with a smaller version. The turbine hub and nacelle are fixed to a flag pole which is fixed to a large mass. This large mass is then floating on a trampoline to simulate a free-free test condition. More information can be found here: [[:File:Substructuring_Testbed_Assembly_Instructions.pdf|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:TestBedPoster.pdf|Testbed Poster]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! ==Available Infomration== *Models **[[Geometry Model provided by AWE:Atomic_Weapons_Establishment]] **[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] **[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] [[Category:AmpAir]] c372a37010873a781a1b93b1ec1b4facd717d2a2 609 608 2016-01-22T18:35:27Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki The test bed that the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen is an Ampair 600 Wind Turbine. This turbine was purchased and then modified to decrease the nonlinearities in the system. == Ampair 600 Wind Turbine == [[File:FullTurbine.png|200px|right|Ampair 600 Turbine]] The Ampair 600 Wind Turbine we are working with is the stock wind turbine with some of the electrical 'guts' removed, and replaced with solid masses. The tail has also been replaced with a smaller version. The turbine hub and nacelle are fixed to a flag pole which is fixed to a large mass. This large mass is then floating on a trampoline to simulate a free-free test condition. More information can be found here: [[:File:Substructuring_Testbed_Assembly_Instructions.pdf|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:TestBedPoster.pdf|Testbed Poster]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! ==Available Infomration== *Models **[[Atomic_Weapons_Establishment|AWE Scanned Model]] [[Category:AmpAir]] 73358b2b026ba472c080d709719bfc3f7c473981 610 609 2016-01-22T18:38:49Z Droettgen 44 /* Available Infomration */ wikitext text/x-wiki The test bed that the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen is an Ampair 600 Wind Turbine. This turbine was purchased and then modified to decrease the nonlinearities in the system. == Ampair 600 Wind Turbine == [[File:FullTurbine.png|200px|right|Ampair 600 Turbine]] The Ampair 600 Wind Turbine we are working with is the stock wind turbine with some of the electrical 'guts' removed, and replaced with solid masses. The tail has also been replaced with a smaller version. The turbine hub and nacelle are fixed to a flag pole which is fixed to a large mass. This large mass is then floating on a trampoline to simulate a free-free test condition. More information can be found here: [[:File:Substructuring_Testbed_Assembly_Instructions.pdf|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:TestBedPoster.pdf|Testbed Poster]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! ==Available Infomration== *Models **[[Atomic_Weapons_Establishment|AWE Scanned Geometry Model]] **[[University_of_Stuttgart|FEM Solver Input Files from Stuttgart]] **[[L%27Aquila|Geometry Step File from L'Aquila]] [[Category:AmpAir]] 8562ad72b821b07268e7f7006e58069bd9c8f768 611 610 2016-01-22T18:39:21Z Droettgen 44 /* Available Infomration */ wikitext text/x-wiki The test bed that the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen is an Ampair 600 Wind Turbine. This turbine was purchased and then modified to decrease the nonlinearities in the system. == Ampair 600 Wind Turbine == [[File:FullTurbine.png|200px|right|Ampair 600 Turbine]] The Ampair 600 Wind Turbine we are working with is the stock wind turbine with some of the electrical 'guts' removed, and replaced with solid masses. The tail has also been replaced with a smaller version. The turbine hub and nacelle are fixed to a flag pole which is fixed to a large mass. This large mass is then floating on a trampoline to simulate a free-free test condition. More information can be found here: [[:File:Substructuring_Testbed_Assembly_Instructions.pdf|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:TestBedPoster.pdf|Testbed Poster]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! ==Available Infomration== *Models **[[Atomic_Weapons_Establishment|AWE Scanned Geometry Model]] **[[University_of_Stuttgart|FEM Solver Input Files from Stuttgart]] **[[L%27Aquila|Geometry Step File from L'Aquila]] *Experimental Data **[Wisconsin|Various Experimental Datasets]] [[Category:AmpAir]] d05871d0115780f15962bc9b99a77d8eb37a4116 612 611 2016-01-22T18:39:29Z Droettgen 44 /* Available Infomration */ wikitext text/x-wiki The test bed that the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen is an Ampair 600 Wind Turbine. This turbine was purchased and then modified to decrease the nonlinearities in the system. == Ampair 600 Wind Turbine == [[File:FullTurbine.png|200px|right|Ampair 600 Turbine]] The Ampair 600 Wind Turbine we are working with is the stock wind turbine with some of the electrical 'guts' removed, and replaced with solid masses. The tail has also been replaced with a smaller version. The turbine hub and nacelle are fixed to a flag pole which is fixed to a large mass. This large mass is then floating on a trampoline to simulate a free-free test condition. More information can be found here: [[:File:Substructuring_Testbed_Assembly_Instructions.pdf|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:TestBedPoster.pdf|Testbed Poster]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! ==Available Infomration== *Models **[[Atomic_Weapons_Establishment|AWE Scanned Geometry Model]] **[[University_of_Stuttgart|FEM Solver Input Files from Stuttgart]] **[[L%27Aquila|Geometry Step File from L'Aquila]] *Experimental Data **[[Wisconsin|Various Experimental Datasets]] [[Category:AmpAir]] 8f543e2eac6ca49bcefcfb4879be527c0bf91278 613 612 2016-01-22T18:42:23Z Droettgen 44 /* Available Infomration */ wikitext text/x-wiki The test bed that the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen is an Ampair 600 Wind Turbine. This turbine was purchased and then modified to decrease the nonlinearities in the system. == Ampair 600 Wind Turbine == [[File:FullTurbine.png|200px|right|Ampair 600 Turbine]] The Ampair 600 Wind Turbine we are working with is the stock wind turbine with some of the electrical 'guts' removed, and replaced with solid masses. The tail has also been replaced with a smaller version. The turbine hub and nacelle are fixed to a flag pole which is fixed to a large mass. This large mass is then floating on a trampoline to simulate a free-free test condition. More information can be found here: [[:File:Substructuring_Testbed_Assembly_Instructions.pdf|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:TestBedPoster.pdf|Testbed Poster]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! ==Available Infomration== *Models **[[Atomic_Weapons_Establishment|AWE Scanned Geometry Model]] **[[University_of_Stuttgart|FEM Solver Input Files from Stuttgart]] **[[L%27Aquila|Geometry Step File from L'Aquila]] *Experimental Data **[[Wisconsin|Various Experimental Datasets]] **[[Chalmers_University|Testing and Characterization of several blades]] [[Category:AmpAir]] 39401c0953458d0ca6892497a4b69255db0f26d8 614 613 2016-01-22T18:43:07Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki The test bed that the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen is an Ampair 600 Wind Turbine. This turbine was purchased and then modified to decrease the nonlinearities in the system. == Ampair 600 Wind Turbine == [[File:FullTurbine.png|200px|right|Ampair 600 Turbine]] The Ampair 600 Wind Turbine we are working with is the stock wind turbine with some of the electrical 'guts' removed, and replaced with solid masses. The tail has also been replaced with a smaller version. The turbine hub and nacelle are fixed to a flag pole which is fixed to a large mass. This large mass is then floating on a trampoline to simulate a free-free test condition. More information can be found here: [[:File:Substructuring_Testbed_Assembly_Instructions.pdf|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:TestBedPoster.pdf|Testbed Poster]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! ==Available Infomration== *Models **[[Atomic_Weapons_Establishment|AWE Scanned Geometry Model]] **[[University_of_Stuttgart|FEM Solver Input Files from Stuttgart]] **[[L%27Aquila|Geometry Step File from L'Aquila]] *Experimental Data **[[Wisconsin|Various Experimental Datasets]] **[[Chalmers_University|Testing and Characterization of several blades]] **[[Sandia_National_Laboratories|Experimental Data from Sandia National Labs]] [[Category:AmpAir]] 0472537adf959c99a1213d6db0fe14f044bae3f8 6 206 615 2016-01-23T04:42:10Z MSAllen 1 Files for 2016 IMAC Short Course wikitext text/x-wiki Files for 2016 IMAC Short Course 6cca37055794e8b2d23ffc893b30c54131a5de60 0 115 616 419 2016-01-23T04:46:27Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki A [http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf link to the tutorial] given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC in 2010: [http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf] [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf "Ritz Method and Experimental Modal Analysis"] presentation by M.S. Allen: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf] == Short Course on Experimental Dynamic Substructuring (IMAC 2014) == * Taught by M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes and D. Rixen. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/SubstructureSC_IMAC2014_rev2.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for 2014 short course. (v2)] ** (Optional) Link to M.S. Allen's Matlab Substructuring Tool: [http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/28063-modal-substructuring-cms-and-modal-substructure-modification "RitzSComb Toolbox"] * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/SubstructureSC_IMAC2016.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for short 2016 course.] [[Category:Info]] 6ad6e8175f26bce963786351ceacb1c8c455afa0 0 17 617 598 2016-05-11T02:49:37Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|right|50px|link=http://wisc.edu]] ==Overview== The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine.<br clear="all"> <gallery> File:UW_2Blade_Turbine.JPG| File:UW Full Turbine Points.JPG| File:UW Blade Back.JPG File:UW NoBlade Turbine Front.jpg {...} </gallery> ==Experiments Performed== *Tests Performed Fall 2011 **[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] **[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *Tests performed by Dan Rohe (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia) **[[Full Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[Hub + 3 Blades]] (forthcoming) **[[Tower + Hub]] (forthcoming) *Tests performed by Dan Roettgen (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia) **[[Rotor System Tests (Single and Three Bladed Assembly)]] *Nonlinear Substructure Test Data **[[Nonlinear Amp-Air Wind Turbine Assembly]] == Calculations Performed == * Substructuring of UW-Madison Test Results (~Fall 2011) **[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) **[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) * Substructuring of Sandia Test Results (Summer 2012) **[[Hub+blades to Hub+Tower]] (forthcoming) **Paper Describing This: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf] * Substructuring of Test Results (Summer 2014) **[[Single-Blade and Hub Test used to reconstruct Three-Bladed Assembly]] (forthcoming) == Summary of Ampair Tests == * Dan Rohe's thesis contains an excellent discussion of the experiments performed at UW-Madison and the difficulties encountered. A second set of tests was performed at Sandia (will post that data when we are able) and far better results were obtained. His thesis is available below. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/19/RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf] == Links == *[http://sd.engr.wisc.edu Matt Allen's Home Page] *[http://www.engr.wisc.edu/ UW-Madison College of Engineering Homepage] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Broken Links]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] [[Category:AmpAir]] Virginia Tech Page [[Virginia Tech]] aae5c0ed4eea20c823931d102dfa4e042cc74175 618 617 2016-05-11T02:49:57Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|right|50px|link=http://wisc.edu]] ==Overview== The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine.<br clear="all"> <gallery> File:UW_2Blade_Turbine.JPG| File:UW Full Turbine Points.JPG| File:UW Blade Back.JPG File:UW NoBlade Turbine Front.jpg {...} </gallery> ==Experiments Performed== *Tests Performed Fall 2011 **[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] **[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *Tests performed by Dan Rohe (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia) **[[Full Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[Hub + 3 Blades]] (forthcoming) **[[Tower + Hub]] (forthcoming) *Tests performed by Dan Roettgen (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia) **[[Rotor System Tests (Single and Three Bladed Assembly)]] *Nonlinear Substructure Test Data **[[Nonlinear Amp-Air Wind Turbine Assembly]] == Calculations Performed == * Substructuring of UW-Madison Test Results (~Fall 2011) **[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) **[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) * Substructuring of Sandia Test Results (Summer 2012) **[[Hub+blades to Hub+Tower]] (forthcoming) **Paper Describing This: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf] * Substructuring of Test Results (Summer 2014) **[[Single-Blade and Hub Test used to reconstruct Three-Bladed Assembly]] (forthcoming) == Summary of Ampair Tests == * Dan Rohe's thesis contains an excellent discussion of the experiments performed at UW-Madison and the difficulties encountered. A second set of tests was performed at Sandia (will post that data when we are able) and far better results were obtained. His thesis is available below. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/19/RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf] == Links == *[http://sd.engr.wisc.edu Matt Allen's Home Page] *[http://www.engr.wisc.edu/ UW-Madison College of Engineering Homepage] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Broken Links]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] [[Category:AmpAir]] *Virginia Tech Page [[Virginia Tech]] c7725ab2a67c309c1b7f706fce760f2453217be3 628 618 2017-01-31T08:54:20Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|right|50px|link=http://wisc.edu]] ==Overview== The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine.<br clear="all"> <gallery> File:UW_2Blade_Turbine.JPG| File:UW Full Turbine Points.JPG| File:UW Blade Back.JPG File:UW NoBlade Turbine Front.jpg {...} </gallery> ==Experiments Performed== *Tests Performed Fall 2011 **[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] **[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *Tests performed by Dan Rohe (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia) **[[Full Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[Hub + 3 Blades]] (forthcoming) **[[Tower + Hub]] (forthcoming) *Tests performed by Dan Roettgen (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia) **[[Rotor System Tests (Single and Three Bladed Assembly)]] *Nonlinear Substructure Test Data **[[Nonlinear Amp-Air Wind Turbine Assembly]] == Calculations Performed == * Substructuring of UW-Madison Test Results (~Fall 2011) **[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) **[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) * Substructuring of Sandia Test Results (Summer 2012) **[[Hub+blades to Hub+Tower]] (forthcoming) **Paper Describing This: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf] * Substructuring of Test Results (Summer 2014) **[[Single-Blade and Hub Test used to reconstruct Three-Bladed Assembly]] (forthcoming) == Summary of Ampair Tests == * Dan Rohe's thesis contains an excellent discussion of the experiments performed at UW-Madison and the difficulties encountered. A second set of tests was performed at Sandia (will post that data when we are able) and far better results were obtained. His thesis is available below. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/19/RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf] == Links == *[http://sd.engr.wisc.edu Matt Allen's Home Page] *[http://www.engr.wisc.edu/ UW-Madison College of Engineering Homepage] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Broken Links]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] [[Category:AmpAir]] [[Category:Sheepshead]] *[[Virginia Tech]] Virginia Tech Page a4f40f58c96b15ca20e92e5bde43a0edbf3c04cb 0 134 619 424 2016-05-11T02:52:17Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki Link to Website: [http://www.m.vt.edu/vtsil Virginia Tech Smart Infrastructure Laboratory] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Virginia Tech]] 2c389080cb28b4669e666213df6f21e4b7a54577 620 619 2016-05-11T02:52:39Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki Link to Website: [http://www.m.vt.edu/vtsil Virginia Tech Smart Infrastructure Laboratory] [[Category:Contributor]] 8c9ce8277c2d72d014e4eed6e014acc445921930 2 123 621 366 2016-05-11T02:56:05Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki Dr. Matthew S. Allen, Associate Professor, University of Wisconsin-Madison http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/ [[Iwan Modeling]] cdbc41869d0ee6149c8cb54d86aba437a07e970c 622 621 2016-05-11T02:56:23Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki Dr. Matthew S. Allen, Associate Professor, University of Wisconsin-Madison http://sd.engr.wisc.edu [[Iwan Modeling]] ebca539ae847a37a8c1e39caf7ed5c3706e74f37 0 207 623 2016-05-11T02:57:12Z MSAllen 1 Created page with "A tutorial on Iwan Modeling for bolted joints can be found below. The software mentioned in the tutorial is available here: [[Category:Knowledge Base]]" wikitext text/x-wiki A tutorial on Iwan Modeling for bolted joints can be found below. The software mentioned in the tutorial is available here: [[Category:Knowledge Base]] 19d898f2867caff1040f86ead1905d9cf539bbc9 625 623 2016-05-11T02:59:59Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki A tutorial on Iwan Modeling for bolted joints can be found below. The software mentioned in the tutorial is available here: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/b/b3/IwanTools.zip IwanTools.zip] [[Category:Knowledge Base]] f03472797299c3dd05a63c0ac3258daf15477194 626 625 2016-05-12T02:30:49Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki A tutorial on Iwan Modeling for bolted joints can be found below. [http://sd.engr.wisc.edu/dynamics-of-bolted-interfaces/ Tutorial on Iwan Modeling] The software mentioned in the tutorial is available here: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/b/b3/IwanTools.zip IwanTools.zip] [[Category:Knowledge Base]] 810336e1e169bd57211bb1bf4a9860c442cc4eb6 6 208 624 2016-05-11T02:58:38Z MSAllen 1 Set of matlab tools for fitting modal Iwan models (or other uncoupled modal models) to measurements from structures with joints. wikitext text/x-wiki Set of matlab tools for fitting modal Iwan models (or other uncoupled modal models) to measurements from structures with joints. 9b37fcbeae5b3ae8787bc58d68b116febbeb65cf 0 201 627 596 2016-11-21T14:41:09Z Droettgen 44 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Details== This test was performed in summer 2014. Measurements were taken from a single blade and hub and three blade and hub assembly using a hammer impulse. == Photos == <gallery> Image: 3blade.JPG | 3-Bladed Rotor Assembly Image: 1blade.JPG | 1-Bladed Rotor Assembly </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in .mat format. Test shapes have been uploaded. The ZIP file contains a single blade and hub shape results, a set of shapes for the single hub, and then the full three-bladed assembly truth test results. [[:File:UW Ampair TestShapes2014.zip|Test Shape]] <gallery> Image: UW2014 SS CoordinateSys.PNG | Coordinate System Diagram Image: MeasurementResolution2014 UW SS.jpg | Measurement Resolution </gallery> == Results == Mode Shape Images Forthcoming. [[Category:Experiments]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] 05517dc31d828529f7efeaf2ee53a1b8d279f94a 14 209 629 2017-01-31T08:56:27Z MSAllen 1 Created page with "IMAC 2017, Round 2 [[File:IMAC2017Monday.jpg]]" wikitext text/x-wiki IMAC 2017, Round 2 [[File:IMAC2017Monday.jpg]] 45628e5295d280cf7300a5b7e77ecf7accd7729b 631 629 2017-01-31T09:05:23Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki IMAC 2017, Round 2 [[File:20170131_004138.jpg]] 94776c89b2d6e00a75dd03510cbd3f6063918324 632 631 2017-01-31T09:05:44Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki IMAC 2017, Round 2 [[File:20170131_004138.jpg|800px]] ed84deb53a0a90ce1fc95eb596f92533cba59f88 633 632 2017-01-31T09:06:27Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki IMAC 2017, Round 2 [[File:20170131_004138.jpg|800px]] e573dbe7ee0f64607a5e7a953f243e2cf7927b85 634 633 2017-02-05T16:11:29Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki IMAC 2017, Monday PM [[File:20170131_004138.jpg|800px]] IMAC 2017, Tuesday PM [[File:20170131_004138.jpg|800px]] IMAC 2017, Wednesday PM [[File:20170131_004138.jpg|800px]] 452f38f64c2f01b486cbb3dd50818f4540843426 638 634 2017-02-05T16:23:10Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki IMAC 2017, Monday PM [[File:20170131_004138.jpg|800px]] IMAC 2017, Tuesday PM [[File:File:2017-01-31 23.50.36-Tuesday.jpg|800px]] IMAC 2017, Wednesday PM [[File:2017-02-01 21.28.49-TrickThatTookDownRohe.jpg|800px]] [[File:2017-02-02 00.03.05-Wednesday.jpg|800px]] ecbe2afcaeeb60cc711659e23e2c3b0f61004973 639 638 2017-02-05T16:24:10Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki IMAC 2017, Monday PM [[File:20170131_004138.jpg|800px]] IMAC 2017, Tuesday PM [[File:2017-01-31 23.50.36-Tuesday.jpg|800px]] IMAC 2017, Wednesday PM [[File:2017-02-01 21.28.49-TrickThatTookDownRohe.jpg|800px]] [[File:2017-02-02 00.03.05-Wednesday.jpg|800px]] 4824d7f2e7fd6413f5334b61a678fbec377a37a7 0 22 640 350 2018-03-15T18:00:56Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Details== This test was performed in early January 2012 Two sets of measurements were taken with varying accelerometer locations. The hammer was roved over approximately 40 points on the structure to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points, primarily on the blade. The span of the test was 0 to 800 Hz. == Photos == [[File: UW_2Blade_Turbine.JPG|frame|x300px|none|2-bladed Turbine Configuration]] == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geometry.uff|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Turbine_Test_1.rar|Dataset 1]] | [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Turbine_Test_2.rar|Dataset 2]] <gallery> Image: UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geo.jpg | Test Geometry, Front View Image: UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geo_Side.jpg | Test Geometry, Side View </gallery> == Results == <gallery> Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_1.jpg | Mode 1 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_2.jpg | Mode 2 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_3.jpg | Mode 3 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_4.jpg | Mode 4 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_5.jpg | Mode 5 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_6.jpg | Mode 6 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_7.jpg | Mode 7 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_8.jpg | Mode 8 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_9.jpg | Mode 9 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_10.jpg | Mode 10 </gallery> [[Category:Experiments]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] 1e510838454f0c36d244e02f608f7a0623013664 0 1 641 397 2018-03-15T19:50:04Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC dynamic substructuring focus group's web space.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[Test Bed Information]] | Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[:Category:Info|Knowledge Base]] | This is a place to collect information that may be helpful to others in the substructuring community. == Knowledge Base (Including Tutorials on Substructuring) == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link [[IMAC_Substr_Papers|Substructuring Papers in IMAC]] | List of all of the papers from IMAC proceedings in substructuring related sessions [[Bibliography]] | Here is a list of links to conference and journal papers about dynamic substructuring, with space for notes from the authors. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * To request a new account or retrieve your password, contact the wiki administrator at [mailto:substructurewiki@cae.wisc.edu substructurewiki@cae.wisc.edu]. == About the Focus Group == The Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' [http://sem.org/imac International Modal Analysis Conference] each year. The group is led by * Chair: Andreas Linderholt (https://lnu.se/en/staff/andreas.linderholt/) * Vice Chair: Matt Allen ([http://sd.engr.wisc.edu University of Wisconsin-Madison]) * Secretary: Walter D'Ambrogio (http://www.ing.univaq.it/personale/scheda_personale.php?codice=132) * Historian: Daniel Roettgen ([http://www.amm.mw.tum.de/ Technische Universität München]) and * Past Chair: Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]). This Wiki is maintained by Matt Allen's research group. 4b169d18a8fc591d1145a9e5319951a7091a0aec 642 641 2018-03-15T19:50:37Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division's web space.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[Test Bed Information]] | Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[:Category:Info|Knowledge Base]] | This is a place to collect information that may be helpful to others in the substructuring community. == Knowledge Base (Including Tutorials on Substructuring) == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link [[IMAC_Substr_Papers|Substructuring Papers in IMAC]] | List of all of the papers from IMAC proceedings in substructuring related sessions [[Bibliography]] | Here is a list of links to conference and journal papers about dynamic substructuring, with space for notes from the authors. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * To request a new account or retrieve your password, contact the wiki administrator at [mailto:substructurewiki@cae.wisc.edu substructurewiki@cae.wisc.edu]. == About the Focus Group == The Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' [http://sem.org/imac International Modal Analysis Conference] each year. The group is led by * Chair: Andreas Linderholt (https://lnu.se/en/staff/andreas.linderholt/) * Vice Chair: Matt Allen ([http://sd.engr.wisc.edu University of Wisconsin-Madison]) * Secretary: Walter D'Ambrogio (http://www.ing.univaq.it/personale/scheda_personale.php?codice=132) * Historian: Daniel Roettgen ([http://www.amm.mw.tum.de/ Technische Universität München]) and * Past Chair: Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]). This Wiki is maintained by Matt Allen's research group. 88f4018ed1fcad5ed688e4a63f0c8f88cf17377e 0 16 643 19 2018-03-15T21:34:11Z HNOzguven 45 Removed as contributor wikitext text/x-wiki Edit this page to add your own information. [[Category:Experiments]] e4c8352d31cd1b0ae00650b73697f048c5749418 8 4 644 396 2018-03-15T21:39:38Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki * navigation ** mainpage|mainpage-description ** recentchanges-url|recentchanges ** randompage-url|randompage * Contributors ** Atomic Weapons Establishment|AWE ** Sandia National Laboratories|Sandia Labs ** Wisconsin|Wisconsin ** Chalmers University|Chalmers ** University of Stuttgart|Stuttgart ** TU Delft|TU Delft ** L'Aquila|L'Aquila * Content ** Category:Experiments|Experiments ** Category:Models|Models ** Category:Calculations|Calculations ** Category:Info|Knowledge Base * SEARCH * TOOLBOX * LANGUAGES <! ** University of Massachusetts at Lowell|UMass Lowell> 54bd3eb73840c3d515b0ed4123293e49cce76094 645 644 2018-03-15T21:40:27Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki * navigation ** mainpage|mainpage-description ** recentchanges-url|recentchanges ** randompage-url|randompage * Contributors ** Atomic Weapons Establishment|AWE ** Sandia National Laboratories|Sandia Labs ** Wisconsin|Wisconsin ** Chalmers University|Chalmers ** University of Stuttgart|Stuttgart ** TU Delft|TU Delft ** L'Aquila|L'Aquila * Content ** Category:Experiments|Experiments ** Category:Models|Models ** Category:Calculations|Calculations ** Category:Info|Knowledge Base * SEARCH * TOOLBOX * LANGUAGES 42c1112de1c3baccb869bc465b6e0bd9cfaf30ff 0 118 646 435 2018-03-17T07:04:02Z Nozguven 5 wikitext text/x-wiki Below is a list of papers and journals related to dynamics substructruing, feel free to add links of your own! == By Date == Ş. Tol and H. N. Özgüven, “[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0888327014003215 Dynamic Characterization of Bolted Joints Using FRF Decoupling and Optimization]”, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 54-55, pp. 124-138, 2015. W D'Ambrogio and A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2013.11.007 Inverse dynamic substructuring using the direct hybrid assembly in the frequency domain]," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 45, pp. 360-377, 2014. M. S. Allen, D. C. Kammer, and R. L. Mayes, "[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Kammer-Mayes--CMSUncouplingMetrics-IMAC2011final.pdf Metrics for Diagnosing Negative Mass and Stiffness when Uncoupling Experimental and Analytical Substructures]," in 29th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXIX) Jacksonville, Florida, 2011. W. D'Ambrogio and A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2010.05.007 The role of interface DoFs in decoupling of substructures based on the dual domain decomposition]," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 24, pp. 2035-2048, 2010. M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.007 Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. M. S. Allen, H. M. Gindlin & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Gindlin-Mayes--FixedBaseCMS-IMAC2010.pdf Experimental Modal Substructuring to Extract Fixed-Base Modes from a Substructure Attached to a Flexible Fixture],” 28th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVIII), Jacksonville, Florida, Feb. 1-4, 2010. D. De Klerk, D. J. Rixen, and S. N. Voormeeren. "[http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.33274 General Framework for Dynamic Substructuring: History, Review and Classification of Techniques]", AIAA Journal, Vol. 46, No. 5 (2008), pp. 1169-1181. R. L. Mayes, P. S. Hunter, T. W. Simmermacher & M. S. Allen, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Mayes-etal-CombiningSubstructuresMultipleConnections_IMAC2008.pdf Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures with Multiple Connections],” 26th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVI), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2008. M. S. Allen & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Mayes-ExpCMS-IMAC2007.pdf Comparison of FRF and Modal Methods for Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures],” 25th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXV), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2006. W. D'Ambrogio and A. Sestieri "[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Walter_DAmbrogio/publication/230886134_A_unified_approach_to_substructuring_and_structural_modification_problems/file/d912f513aefc36a52a.pdf?ev=pub_int_doc_dl&origin=publication_list&inViewer=true A unified approach to substructuring and structural modification problems]," Shock and Vibration, vol. 11, pp. 295-309, 2004 D. J. Rixen, "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2003.12.014 A dual Craig–Bampton method for dynamic substructuring]," Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, vol. 168, pp. 383–391 July 2004. A. Sestieri, P. Salvini and W. D'Ambrogio "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0888-3270(91)90013-U Reducing scatter from derived rotational data to determine the frequency response function of connected structures],". Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 5, pp. 25-44, Jan. 1991. [[Category:Info]] 22d0ddc779b34d26de84a7b8de7fa5ebbbb418ca 647 646 2018-03-17T07:29:11Z Nozguven 5 wikitext text/x-wiki Below is a list of papers and journals related to dynamics substructruing, feel free to add links of your own! == By Date == T. Kalaycıoğlu and H. N. Özgüven, "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0888327017305058 FRF Decoupling of nonlinear systems]”, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, v.102, pp. 230-244, March 2018. T. Kalaycıoğlu and H. N. Özgüven, “[http://www.springer.com/la/book/9783319297620 New FRF Based Methods for Substructure Decoupling]”, Dynamics of Coupled Structures: Volume 4, Proceedings of the 34th IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics 2016, Springer, Orlando, Florida, 1-4 February 2016. Ş. Tol and H. N. Özgüven, “[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0888327014003215 Dynamic Characterization of Bolted Joints Using FRF Decoupling and Optimization]”, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 54-55, pp. 124-138, 2015. W D'Ambrogio and A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2013.11.007 Inverse dynamic substructuring using the direct hybrid assembly in the frequency domain]," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 45, pp. 360-377, 2014. M. S. Allen, D. C. Kammer, and R. L. Mayes, "[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Kammer-Mayes--CMSUncouplingMetrics-IMAC2011final.pdf Metrics for Diagnosing Negative Mass and Stiffness when Uncoupling Experimental and Analytical Substructures]," in 29th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXIX) Jacksonville, Florida, 2011. W. D'Ambrogio and A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2010.05.007 The role of interface DoFs in decoupling of substructures based on the dual domain decomposition]," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 24, pp. 2035-2048, 2010. M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.007 Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. M. S. Allen, H. M. Gindlin & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Gindlin-Mayes--FixedBaseCMS-IMAC2010.pdf Experimental Modal Substructuring to Extract Fixed-Base Modes from a Substructure Attached to a Flexible Fixture],” 28th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVIII), Jacksonville, Florida, Feb. 1-4, 2010. D. De Klerk, D. J. Rixen, and S. N. Voormeeren. "[http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.33274 General Framework for Dynamic Substructuring: History, Review and Classification of Techniques]", AIAA Journal, Vol. 46, No. 5 (2008), pp. 1169-1181. R. L. Mayes, P. S. Hunter, T. W. Simmermacher & M. S. Allen, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Mayes-etal-CombiningSubstructuresMultipleConnections_IMAC2008.pdf Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures with Multiple Connections],” 26th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVI), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2008. M. S. Allen & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Mayes-ExpCMS-IMAC2007.pdf Comparison of FRF and Modal Methods for Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures],” 25th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXV), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2006. W. D'Ambrogio and A. Sestieri "[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Walter_DAmbrogio/publication/230886134_A_unified_approach_to_substructuring_and_structural_modification_problems/file/d912f513aefc36a52a.pdf?ev=pub_int_doc_dl&origin=publication_list&inViewer=true A unified approach to substructuring and structural modification problems]," Shock and Vibration, vol. 11, pp. 295-309, 2004 D. J. Rixen, "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2003.12.014 A dual Craig–Bampton method for dynamic substructuring]," Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, vol. 168, pp. 383–391 July 2004. A. Sestieri, P. Salvini and W. D'Ambrogio "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0888-3270(91)90013-U Reducing scatter from derived rotational data to determine the frequency response function of connected structures],". Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 5, pp. 25-44, Jan. 1991. [[Category:Info]] 04f2038ef29ca946efbde2a6011118c09fabf507 648 647 2019-02-16T09:07:05Z WDAmbrogio 11 /* By Date */ wikitext text/x-wiki Below is a list of papers and journals related to dynamics substructruing, feel free to add links of your own! == By Date == T. Kalaycıoğlu and H. N. Özgüven, "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0888327017305058 FRF Decoupling of nonlinear systems]”, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, v.102, pp. 230-244, March 2018. W D'Ambrogio and A. Fregolent “[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2015.11.029 Substructure decoupling without using rotational DoFs: Fact or fiction?]," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 72-73, pp. 499-512, May 2016. T. Kalaycıoğlu and H. N. Özgüven, “[http://www.springer.com/la/book/9783319297620 New FRF Based Methods for Substructure Decoupling]”, Dynamics of Coupled Structures: Volume 4, Proceedings of the 34th IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics 2016, Springer, Orlando, Florida, 1-4 February 2016. Ş. Tol and H. N. Özgüven, “[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0888327014003215 Dynamic Characterization of Bolted Joints Using FRF Decoupling and Optimization]”, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 54-55, pp. 124-138, 2015. W D'Ambrogio and A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2013.11.007 Inverse dynamic substructuring using the direct hybrid assembly in the frequency domain]," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 45, pp. 360-377, 2014. M. S. Allen, D. C. Kammer, and R. L. Mayes, "[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Kammer-Mayes--CMSUncouplingMetrics-IMAC2011final.pdf Metrics for Diagnosing Negative Mass and Stiffness when Uncoupling Experimental and Analytical Substructures]," in 29th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXIX) Jacksonville, Florida, 2011. W. D'Ambrogio and A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2010.05.007 The role of interface DoFs in decoupling of substructures based on the dual domain decomposition]," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 24, pp. 2035-2048, 2010. M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.007 Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. M. S. Allen, H. M. Gindlin & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Gindlin-Mayes--FixedBaseCMS-IMAC2010.pdf Experimental Modal Substructuring to Extract Fixed-Base Modes from a Substructure Attached to a Flexible Fixture],” 28th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVIII), Jacksonville, Florida, Feb. 1-4, 2010. D. De Klerk, D. J. Rixen, and S. N. Voormeeren. "[http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.33274 General Framework for Dynamic Substructuring: History, Review and Classification of Techniques]", AIAA Journal, Vol. 46, No. 5 (2008), pp. 1169-1181. R. L. Mayes, P. S. Hunter, T. W. Simmermacher & M. S. Allen, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Mayes-etal-CombiningSubstructuresMultipleConnections_IMAC2008.pdf Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures with Multiple Connections],” 26th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVI), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2008. M. S. Allen & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Mayes-ExpCMS-IMAC2007.pdf Comparison of FRF and Modal Methods for Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures],” 25th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXV), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2006. W. D'Ambrogio and A. Sestieri "[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Walter_DAmbrogio/publication/230886134_A_unified_approach_to_substructuring_and_structural_modification_problems/file/d912f513aefc36a52a.pdf?ev=pub_int_doc_dl&origin=publication_list&inViewer=true A unified approach to substructuring and structural modification problems]," Shock and Vibration, vol. 11, pp. 295-309, 2004 D. J. Rixen, "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2003.12.014 A dual Craig–Bampton method for dynamic substructuring]," Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, vol. 168, pp. 383–391 July 2004. A. Sestieri, P. Salvini and W. D'Ambrogio "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0888-3270(91)90013-U Reducing scatter from derived rotational data to determine the frequency response function of connected structures],". Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 5, pp. 25-44, Jan. 1991. [[Category:Info]] e52a4f7277b868a7458926beaf8eca293a13d729 649 648 2019-02-16T09:08:52Z WDAmbrogio 11 wikitext text/x-wiki Below is a list of papers and journals related to dynamics substructruing, feel free to add links of your own! == By Date == T. Kalaycıoğlu and H. N. Özgüven, "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0888327017305058 FRF Decoupling of nonlinear systems]”, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, v.102, pp. 230-244, March 2018. W D'Ambrogio and A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2015.11.029 Substructure decoupling without using rotational DoFs: Fact or fiction?]," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 72-73, pp. 499-512, May 2016. T. Kalaycıoğlu and H. N. Özgüven, “[http://www.springer.com/la/book/9783319297620 New FRF Based Methods for Substructure Decoupling]”, Dynamics of Coupled Structures: Volume 4, Proceedings of the 34th IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics 2016, Springer, Orlando, Florida, 1-4 February 2016. Ş. Tol and H. N. Özgüven, “[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0888327014003215 Dynamic Characterization of Bolted Joints Using FRF Decoupling and Optimization]”, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 54-55, pp. 124-138, 2015. W D'Ambrogio and A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2013.11.007 Inverse dynamic substructuring using the direct hybrid assembly in the frequency domain]," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 45, pp. 360-377, 2014. M. S. Allen, D. C. Kammer, and R. L. Mayes, "[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Kammer-Mayes--CMSUncouplingMetrics-IMAC2011final.pdf Metrics for Diagnosing Negative Mass and Stiffness when Uncoupling Experimental and Analytical Substructures]," in 29th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXIX) Jacksonville, Florida, 2011. W. D'Ambrogio and A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2010.05.007 The role of interface DoFs in decoupling of substructures based on the dual domain decomposition]," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 24, pp. 2035-2048, 2010. M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.007 Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. M. S. Allen, H. M. Gindlin & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Gindlin-Mayes--FixedBaseCMS-IMAC2010.pdf Experimental Modal Substructuring to Extract Fixed-Base Modes from a Substructure Attached to a Flexible Fixture],” 28th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVIII), Jacksonville, Florida, Feb. 1-4, 2010. D. De Klerk, D. J. Rixen, and S. N. Voormeeren. "[http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.33274 General Framework for Dynamic Substructuring: History, Review and Classification of Techniques]", AIAA Journal, Vol. 46, No. 5 (2008), pp. 1169-1181. R. L. Mayes, P. S. Hunter, T. W. Simmermacher & M. S. Allen, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Mayes-etal-CombiningSubstructuresMultipleConnections_IMAC2008.pdf Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures with Multiple Connections],” 26th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVI), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2008. M. S. Allen & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Mayes-ExpCMS-IMAC2007.pdf Comparison of FRF and Modal Methods for Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures],” 25th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXV), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2006. W. D'Ambrogio and A. Sestieri "[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Walter_DAmbrogio/publication/230886134_A_unified_approach_to_substructuring_and_structural_modification_problems/file/d912f513aefc36a52a.pdf?ev=pub_int_doc_dl&origin=publication_list&inViewer=true A unified approach to substructuring and structural modification problems]," Shock and Vibration, vol. 11, pp. 295-309, 2004 D. J. Rixen, "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2003.12.014 A dual Craig–Bampton method for dynamic substructuring]," Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, vol. 168, pp. 383–391 July 2004. A. Sestieri, P. Salvini and W. D'Ambrogio "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0888-3270(91)90013-U Reducing scatter from derived rotational data to determine the frequency response function of connected structures],". Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 5, pp. 25-44, Jan. 1991. [[Category:Info]] d0af4238815f53e213cc2861cad645c9d83eb5bc 650 649 2019-02-16T09:12:08Z WDAmbrogio 11 wikitext text/x-wiki Below is a list of papers and journals related to dynamics substructruing, feel free to add links of your own! == By Date == T. Kalaycıoğlu and H. N. Özgüven, "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0888327017305058 FRF Decoupling of nonlinear systems]”, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, v.102, pp. 230-244, March 2018. W D'Ambrogio and A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11012-017-0660-y Substructure decoupling as the identification of a set of disconnection forces]," Meccanica, vol. 52, pp. 3117-3129, Oct 2017. W D'Ambrogio and A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2015.11.029 Substructure decoupling without using rotational DoFs: Fact or fiction?]," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 72-73, pp. 499-512, May 2016. T. Kalaycıoğlu and H. N. Özgüven, “[http://www.springer.com/la/book/9783319297620 New FRF Based Methods for Substructure Decoupling]”, Dynamics of Coupled Structures: Volume 4, Proceedings of the 34th IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics 2016, Springer, Orlando, Florida, 1-4 February 2016. Ş. Tol and H. N. Özgüven, “[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0888327014003215 Dynamic Characterization of Bolted Joints Using FRF Decoupling and Optimization]”, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 54-55, pp. 124-138, 2015. W D'Ambrogio and A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2013.11.007 Inverse dynamic substructuring using the direct hybrid assembly in the frequency domain]," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 45, pp. 360-377, 2014. M. S. Allen, D. C. Kammer, and R. L. Mayes, "[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Kammer-Mayes--CMSUncouplingMetrics-IMAC2011final.pdf Metrics for Diagnosing Negative Mass and Stiffness when Uncoupling Experimental and Analytical Substructures]," in 29th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXIX) Jacksonville, Florida, 2011. W. D'Ambrogio and A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2010.05.007 The role of interface DoFs in decoupling of substructures based on the dual domain decomposition]," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 24, pp. 2035-2048, 2010. M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.007 Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. M. S. Allen, H. M. Gindlin & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Gindlin-Mayes--FixedBaseCMS-IMAC2010.pdf Experimental Modal Substructuring to Extract Fixed-Base Modes from a Substructure Attached to a Flexible Fixture],” 28th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVIII), Jacksonville, Florida, Feb. 1-4, 2010. D. De Klerk, D. J. Rixen, and S. N. Voormeeren. "[http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.33274 General Framework for Dynamic Substructuring: History, Review and Classification of Techniques]", AIAA Journal, Vol. 46, No. 5 (2008), pp. 1169-1181. R. L. Mayes, P. S. Hunter, T. W. Simmermacher & M. S. Allen, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Mayes-etal-CombiningSubstructuresMultipleConnections_IMAC2008.pdf Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures with Multiple Connections],” 26th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVI), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2008. M. S. Allen & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Mayes-ExpCMS-IMAC2007.pdf Comparison of FRF and Modal Methods for Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures],” 25th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXV), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2006. W. D'Ambrogio and A. Sestieri "[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Walter_DAmbrogio/publication/230886134_A_unified_approach_to_substructuring_and_structural_modification_problems/file/d912f513aefc36a52a.pdf?ev=pub_int_doc_dl&origin=publication_list&inViewer=true A unified approach to substructuring and structural modification problems]," Shock and Vibration, vol. 11, pp. 295-309, 2004 D. J. Rixen, "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2003.12.014 A dual Craig–Bampton method for dynamic substructuring]," Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, vol. 168, pp. 383–391 July 2004. A. Sestieri, P. Salvini and W. D'Ambrogio "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0888-3270(91)90013-U Reducing scatter from derived rotational data to determine the frequency response function of connected structures],". Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 5, pp. 25-44, Jan. 1991. [[Category:Info]] 0ada27b99ca5bf06df41b66e3cc827eba9341ac7 651 650 2019-02-16T09:14:31Z WDAmbrogio 11 wikitext text/x-wiki Below is a list of papers and journals related to dynamics substructruing, feel free to add links of your own! == By Date == T. Kalaycıoğlu and H. N. Özgüven, "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0888327017305058 FRF Decoupling of nonlinear systems]”, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, v.102, pp. 230-244, March 2018. W D'Ambrogio and A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2017.03.038 Replacement of unobservable coupling DoFs in substructure decoupling]," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 95, pp. 380-396, Oct 2017. W D'Ambrogio and A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11012-017-0660-y Substructure decoupling as the identification of a set of disconnection forces]," Meccanica, vol. 52, pp. 3117-3129, Oct 2017. W D'Ambrogio and A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2015.11.029 Substructure decoupling without using rotational DoFs: Fact or fiction?]," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 72-73, pp. 499-512, May 2016. T. Kalaycıoğlu and H. N. Özgüven, “[http://www.springer.com/la/book/9783319297620 New FRF Based Methods for Substructure Decoupling]”, Dynamics of Coupled Structures: Volume 4, Proceedings of the 34th IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics 2016, Springer, Orlando, Florida, 1-4 February 2016. Ş. Tol and H. N. Özgüven, “[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0888327014003215 Dynamic Characterization of Bolted Joints Using FRF Decoupling and Optimization]”, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 54-55, pp. 124-138, 2015. W D'Ambrogio and A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2013.11.007 Inverse dynamic substructuring using the direct hybrid assembly in the frequency domain]," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 45, pp. 360-377, 2014. M. S. Allen, D. C. Kammer, and R. L. Mayes, "[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Kammer-Mayes--CMSUncouplingMetrics-IMAC2011final.pdf Metrics for Diagnosing Negative Mass and Stiffness when Uncoupling Experimental and Analytical Substructures]," in 29th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXIX) Jacksonville, Florida, 2011. W. D'Ambrogio and A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2010.05.007 The role of interface DoFs in decoupling of substructures based on the dual domain decomposition]," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 24, pp. 2035-2048, 2010. M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.007 Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. M. S. Allen, H. M. Gindlin & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Gindlin-Mayes--FixedBaseCMS-IMAC2010.pdf Experimental Modal Substructuring to Extract Fixed-Base Modes from a Substructure Attached to a Flexible Fixture],” 28th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVIII), Jacksonville, Florida, Feb. 1-4, 2010. D. De Klerk, D. J. Rixen, and S. N. Voormeeren. "[http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.33274 General Framework for Dynamic Substructuring: History, Review and Classification of Techniques]", AIAA Journal, Vol. 46, No. 5 (2008), pp. 1169-1181. R. L. Mayes, P. S. Hunter, T. W. Simmermacher & M. S. Allen, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Mayes-etal-CombiningSubstructuresMultipleConnections_IMAC2008.pdf Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures with Multiple Connections],” 26th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVI), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2008. M. S. Allen & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Mayes-ExpCMS-IMAC2007.pdf Comparison of FRF and Modal Methods for Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures],” 25th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXV), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2006. W. D'Ambrogio and A. Sestieri "[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Walter_DAmbrogio/publication/230886134_A_unified_approach_to_substructuring_and_structural_modification_problems/file/d912f513aefc36a52a.pdf?ev=pub_int_doc_dl&origin=publication_list&inViewer=true A unified approach to substructuring and structural modification problems]," Shock and Vibration, vol. 11, pp. 295-309, 2004 D. J. Rixen, "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2003.12.014 A dual Craig–Bampton method for dynamic substructuring]," Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, vol. 168, pp. 383–391 July 2004. A. Sestieri, P. Salvini and W. D'Ambrogio "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0888-3270(91)90013-U Reducing scatter from derived rotational data to determine the frequency response function of connected structures],". Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 5, pp. 25-44, Jan. 1991. [[Category:Info]] 7e362d50a506f2c515e3eda9e1a1a60cbaea77a8 652 651 2019-02-16T09:18:37Z WDAmbrogio 11 wikitext text/x-wiki Below is a list of papers and journals related to dynamics substructruing, feel free to add links of your own! == By Date == W D'Ambrogio and A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177%2F1081286517727147 Use of experimental dynamic substructuring to predict the low frequency structural dynamics under different boundary conditions]," Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids, vol. 23, pp. 1444-1455, Nov 2018. T. Kalaycıoğlu and H. N. Özgüven, "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0888327017305058 FRF Decoupling of nonlinear systems]”, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, v.102, pp. 230-244, March 2018. W D'Ambrogio and A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2017.03.038 Replacement of unobservable coupling DoFs in substructure decoupling]," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 95, pp. 380-396, Oct 2017. W D'Ambrogio and A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11012-017-0660-y Substructure decoupling as the identification of a set of disconnection forces]," Meccanica, vol. 52, pp. 3117-3129, Oct 2017. W D'Ambrogio and A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2015.11.029 Substructure decoupling without using rotational DoFs: Fact or fiction?]," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 72-73, pp. 499-512, May 2016. T. Kalaycıoğlu and H. N. Özgüven, “[http://www.springer.com/la/book/9783319297620 New FRF Based Methods for Substructure Decoupling]”, Dynamics of Coupled Structures: Volume 4, Proceedings of the 34th IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics 2016, Springer, Orlando, Florida, 1-4 February 2016. Ş. Tol and H. N. Özgüven, “[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0888327014003215 Dynamic Characterization of Bolted Joints Using FRF Decoupling and Optimization]”, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 54-55, pp. 124-138, 2015. W D'Ambrogio and A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2013.11.007 Inverse dynamic substructuring using the direct hybrid assembly in the frequency domain]," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 45, pp. 360-377, 2014. M. S. Allen, D. C. Kammer, and R. L. Mayes, "[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Kammer-Mayes--CMSUncouplingMetrics-IMAC2011final.pdf Metrics for Diagnosing Negative Mass and Stiffness when Uncoupling Experimental and Analytical Substructures]," in 29th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXIX) Jacksonville, Florida, 2011. W. D'Ambrogio and A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2010.05.007 The role of interface DoFs in decoupling of substructures based on the dual domain decomposition]," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 24, pp. 2035-2048, 2010. M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.007 Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. M. S. Allen, H. M. Gindlin & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Gindlin-Mayes--FixedBaseCMS-IMAC2010.pdf Experimental Modal Substructuring to Extract Fixed-Base Modes from a Substructure Attached to a Flexible Fixture],” 28th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVIII), Jacksonville, Florida, Feb. 1-4, 2010. D. De Klerk, D. J. Rixen, and S. N. Voormeeren. "[http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.33274 General Framework for Dynamic Substructuring: History, Review and Classification of Techniques]", AIAA Journal, Vol. 46, No. 5 (2008), pp. 1169-1181. R. L. Mayes, P. S. Hunter, T. W. Simmermacher & M. S. Allen, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Mayes-etal-CombiningSubstructuresMultipleConnections_IMAC2008.pdf Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures with Multiple Connections],” 26th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVI), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2008. M. S. Allen & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Mayes-ExpCMS-IMAC2007.pdf Comparison of FRF and Modal Methods for Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures],” 25th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXV), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2006. W. D'Ambrogio and A. Sestieri "[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Walter_DAmbrogio/publication/230886134_A_unified_approach_to_substructuring_and_structural_modification_problems/file/d912f513aefc36a52a.pdf?ev=pub_int_doc_dl&origin=publication_list&inViewer=true A unified approach to substructuring and structural modification problems]," Shock and Vibration, vol. 11, pp. 295-309, 2004 D. J. Rixen, "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2003.12.014 A dual Craig–Bampton method for dynamic substructuring]," Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, vol. 168, pp. 383–391 July 2004. A. Sestieri, P. Salvini and W. D'Ambrogio "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0888-3270(91)90013-U Reducing scatter from derived rotational data to determine the frequency response function of connected structures],". Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 5, pp. 25-44, Jan. 1991. [[Category:Info]] 06ab8168105cfc5f87c45b9e0e9c683a47c1bf85 653 652 2019-02-16T09:56:51Z WDAmbrogio 11 wikitext text/x-wiki Below is a list of papers and journals related to dynamics substructruing, feel free to add links of your own! == By Date == W. D'Ambrogio and A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177%2F1081286517727147 Use of experimental dynamic substructuring to predict the low frequency structural dynamics under different boundary conditions]," Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids, vol. 23, pp. 1444-1455, Nov 2018. J. Brunetti, W. D'Ambrogio and A. Fregolent, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74654-8_9 Dynamic Substructuring with a Sliding Contact Interface]”, Dynamics of Coupled Structures: Volume 4, pp. 105-116, Proceedings of the 36th IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics 2018, Springer, Orlando, Florida, 12-15 February 2018. T. Kalaycıoğlu and H. N. Özgüven, "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0888327017305058 FRF Decoupling of nonlinear systems]”, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, v.102, pp. 230-244, March 2018. W. D'Ambrogio and A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2017.03.038 Replacement of unobservable coupling DoFs in substructure decoupling]," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 95, pp. 380-396, Oct 2017. W. D'Ambrogio and A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11012-017-0660-y Substructure decoupling as the identification of a set of disconnection forces]," Meccanica, vol. 52, pp. 3117-3129, Oct 2017. W. D'Ambrogio and A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2015.11.029 Substructure decoupling without using rotational DoFs: Fact or fiction?]," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 72-73, pp. 499-512, May 2016. T. Kalaycıoğlu and H. N. Özgüven, “[http://www.springer.com/la/book/9783319297620 New FRF Based Methods for Substructure Decoupling]”, Dynamics of Coupled Structures: Volume 4, Proceedings of the 34th IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics 2016, Springer, Orlando, Florida, 1-4 February 2016. Ş. Tol and H. N. Özgüven, “[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0888327014003215 Dynamic Characterization of Bolted Joints Using FRF Decoupling and Optimization]”, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 54-55, pp. 124-138, 2015. W. D'Ambrogio and A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2013.11.007 Inverse dynamic substructuring using the direct hybrid assembly in the frequency domain]," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 45, pp. 360-377, 2014. M. S. Allen, D. C. Kammer, and R. L. Mayes, "[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Kammer-Mayes--CMSUncouplingMetrics-IMAC2011final.pdf Metrics for Diagnosing Negative Mass and Stiffness when Uncoupling Experimental and Analytical Substructures]," in 29th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXIX) Jacksonville, Florida, 2011. W. D'Ambrogio and A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2010.05.007 The role of interface DoFs in decoupling of substructures based on the dual domain decomposition]," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 24, pp. 2035-2048, 2010. M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.007 Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. M. S. Allen, H. M. Gindlin & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Gindlin-Mayes--FixedBaseCMS-IMAC2010.pdf Experimental Modal Substructuring to Extract Fixed-Base Modes from a Substructure Attached to a Flexible Fixture],” 28th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVIII), Jacksonville, Florida, Feb. 1-4, 2010. D. De Klerk, D. J. Rixen, and S. N. Voormeeren. "[http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.33274 General Framework for Dynamic Substructuring: History, Review and Classification of Techniques]", AIAA Journal, Vol. 46, No. 5 (2008), pp. 1169-1181. R. L. Mayes, P. S. Hunter, T. W. Simmermacher & M. S. Allen, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Mayes-etal-CombiningSubstructuresMultipleConnections_IMAC2008.pdf Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures with Multiple Connections],” 26th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVI), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2008. M. S. Allen & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Mayes-ExpCMS-IMAC2007.pdf Comparison of FRF and Modal Methods for Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures],” 25th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXV), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2006. W. D'Ambrogio and A. Sestieri "[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Walter_DAmbrogio/publication/230886134_A_unified_approach_to_substructuring_and_structural_modification_problems/file/d912f513aefc36a52a.pdf?ev=pub_int_doc_dl&origin=publication_list&inViewer=true A unified approach to substructuring and structural modification problems]," Shock and Vibration, vol. 11, pp. 295-309, 2004 D. J. Rixen, "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2003.12.014 A dual Craig–Bampton method for dynamic substructuring]," Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, vol. 168, pp. 383–391 July 2004. A. Sestieri, P. Salvini and W. D'Ambrogio "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0888-3270(91)90013-U Reducing scatter from derived rotational data to determine the frequency response function of connected structures],". Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 5, pp. 25-44, Jan. 1991. [[Category:Info]] 604d61e449d44ff350af09e7d665ac2a64eb67aa 654 653 2019-02-16T09:57:37Z WDAmbrogio 11 wikitext text/x-wiki Below is a list of papers and journals related to dynamics substructruing, feel free to add links of your own! == By Date == W. D'Ambrogio and A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177%2F1081286517727147 Use of experimental dynamic substructuring to predict the low frequency structural dynamics under different boundary conditions]," Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids, vol. 23, pp. 1444-1455, Nov 2018. T. Kalaycıoğlu and H. N. Özgüven, "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0888327017305058 FRF Decoupling of nonlinear systems]”, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, v.102, pp. 230-244, March 2018. J. Brunetti, W. D'Ambrogio and A. Fregolent, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74654-8_9 Dynamic Substructuring with a Sliding Contact Interface]”, Dynamics of Coupled Structures: Volume 4, pp. 105-116, Proceedings of the 36th IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics 2018, Springer, Orlando, Florida, 12-15 February 2018. W. D'Ambrogio and A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2017.03.038 Replacement of unobservable coupling DoFs in substructure decoupling]," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 95, pp. 380-396, Oct 2017. W. D'Ambrogio and A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11012-017-0660-y Substructure decoupling as the identification of a set of disconnection forces]," Meccanica, vol. 52, pp. 3117-3129, Oct 2017. W. D'Ambrogio and A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2015.11.029 Substructure decoupling without using rotational DoFs: Fact or fiction?]," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 72-73, pp. 499-512, May 2016. T. Kalaycıoğlu and H. N. Özgüven, “[http://www.springer.com/la/book/9783319297620 New FRF Based Methods for Substructure Decoupling]”, Dynamics of Coupled Structures: Volume 4, Proceedings of the 34th IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics 2016, Springer, Orlando, Florida, 1-4 February 2016. Ş. Tol and H. N. Özgüven, “[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0888327014003215 Dynamic Characterization of Bolted Joints Using FRF Decoupling and Optimization]”, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 54-55, pp. 124-138, 2015. W. D'Ambrogio and A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2013.11.007 Inverse dynamic substructuring using the direct hybrid assembly in the frequency domain]," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 45, pp. 360-377, 2014. M. S. Allen, D. C. Kammer, and R. L. Mayes, "[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Kammer-Mayes--CMSUncouplingMetrics-IMAC2011final.pdf Metrics for Diagnosing Negative Mass and Stiffness when Uncoupling Experimental and Analytical Substructures]," in 29th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXIX) Jacksonville, Florida, 2011. W. D'Ambrogio and A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2010.05.007 The role of interface DoFs in decoupling of substructures based on the dual domain decomposition]," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 24, pp. 2035-2048, 2010. M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.007 Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. M. S. Allen, H. M. Gindlin & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Gindlin-Mayes--FixedBaseCMS-IMAC2010.pdf Experimental Modal Substructuring to Extract Fixed-Base Modes from a Substructure Attached to a Flexible Fixture],” 28th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVIII), Jacksonville, Florida, Feb. 1-4, 2010. D. De Klerk, D. J. Rixen, and S. N. Voormeeren. "[http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.33274 General Framework for Dynamic Substructuring: History, Review and Classification of Techniques]", AIAA Journal, Vol. 46, No. 5 (2008), pp. 1169-1181. R. L. Mayes, P. S. Hunter, T. W. Simmermacher & M. S. Allen, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Mayes-etal-CombiningSubstructuresMultipleConnections_IMAC2008.pdf Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures with Multiple Connections],” 26th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVI), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2008. M. S. Allen & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Mayes-ExpCMS-IMAC2007.pdf Comparison of FRF and Modal Methods for Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures],” 25th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXV), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2006. W. D'Ambrogio and A. Sestieri "[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Walter_DAmbrogio/publication/230886134_A_unified_approach_to_substructuring_and_structural_modification_problems/file/d912f513aefc36a52a.pdf?ev=pub_int_doc_dl&origin=publication_list&inViewer=true A unified approach to substructuring and structural modification problems]," Shock and Vibration, vol. 11, pp. 295-309, 2004 D. J. Rixen, "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2003.12.014 A dual Craig–Bampton method for dynamic substructuring]," Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, vol. 168, pp. 383–391 July 2004. A. Sestieri, P. Salvini and W. D'Ambrogio "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0888-3270(91)90013-U Reducing scatter from derived rotational data to determine the frequency response function of connected structures],". Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 5, pp. 25-44, Jan. 1991. [[Category:Info]] 1093ecac839e9ab18b61b7487f0b25380176529a 0 118 655 654 2019-02-16T10:48:35Z WDAmbrogio 11 wikitext text/x-wiki Below is a list of papers and journals related to dynamics substructruing, feel free to add links of your own! == By Date == W. D'Ambrogio and A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177%2F1081286517727147 Use of experimental dynamic substructuring to predict the low frequency structural dynamics under different boundary conditions]," Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids, vol. 23, pp. 1444-1455, Nov 2018. T. Kalaycıoğlu and H. N. Özgüven, "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0888327017305058 FRF Decoupling of nonlinear systems]”, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, v.102, pp. 230-244, March 2018. J. Brunetti, W. D'Ambrogio and A. Fregolent, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74654-8_9 Dynamic Substructuring with a Sliding Contact Interface]”, Dynamics of Coupled Structures: Volume 4, pp. 105-116, Proceedings of the 36th IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics 2018, Springer, Orlando, Florida, 12-15 February 2018. W. D'Ambrogio and A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2017.03.038 Replacement of unobservable coupling DoFs in substructure decoupling]," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 95, pp. 380-396, Oct 2017. W. D'Ambrogio and A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11012-017-0660-y Substructure decoupling as the identification of a set of disconnection forces]," Meccanica, vol. 52, pp. 3117-3129, Oct 2017. W. D'Ambrogio and A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2015.11.029 Substructure decoupling without using rotational DoFs: Fact or fiction?]," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 72-73, pp. 499-512, May 2016. T. Kalaycıoğlu and H. N. Özgüven, “[http://www.springer.com/la/book/9783319297620 New FRF Based Methods for Substructure Decoupling]”, Dynamics of Coupled Structures: Volume 4, Proceedings of the 34th IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics 2016, Springer, Orlando, Florida, 1-4 February 2016. Ş. Tol and H. N. Özgüven, “[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0888327014003215 Dynamic Characterization of Bolted Joints Using FRF Decoupling and Optimization]”, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 54-55, pp. 124-138, 2015. W. D'Ambrogio and A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2013.11.007 Inverse dynamic substructuring using the direct hybrid assembly in the frequency domain]," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 45, pp. 360-377, 2014. M. S. Allen, D. C. Kammer, and R. L. Mayes, "[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Kammer-Mayes--CMSUncouplingMetrics-IMAC2011final.pdf Metrics for Diagnosing Negative Mass and Stiffness when Uncoupling Experimental and Analytical Substructures]," in 29th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXIX) Jacksonville, Florida, 2011. W. D'Ambrogio and A. Fregolent “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2010.05.007 The role of interface DoFs in decoupling of substructures based on the dual domain decomposition]," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 24, pp. 2035-2048, 2010. M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes, and E. J. Bergman, “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.007 Experimental Modal Substructuring to Couple and Uncouple Substructures with Flexible Fixtures and Multi-point Connections],” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, pp. 4891–4906, 2010. M. S. Allen, H. M. Gindlin & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Gindlin-Mayes--FixedBaseCMS-IMAC2010.pdf Experimental Modal Substructuring to Extract Fixed-Base Modes from a Substructure Attached to a Flexible Fixture],” 28th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVIII), Jacksonville, Florida, Feb. 1-4, 2010. D. De Klerk, D. J. Rixen, and S. N. Voormeeren. "[http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.33274 General Framework for Dynamic Substructuring: History, Review and Classification of Techniques]", AIAA Journal, Vol. 46, No. 5 (2008), pp. 1169-1181. R. L. Mayes, P. S. Hunter, T. W. Simmermacher & M. S. Allen, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Mayes-etal-CombiningSubstructuresMultipleConnections_IMAC2008.pdf Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures with Multiple Connections],” 26th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXVI), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2008. M. S. Allen & R. L. Mayes, “[http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~msallen/Allen-Mayes-ExpCMS-IMAC2007.pdf Comparison of FRF and Modal Methods for Combining Experimental and Analytical Substructures],” 25th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC XXV), Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2006. W. D'Ambrogio and A. Sestieri "[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Walter_DAmbrogio/publication/230886134_A_unified_approach_to_substructuring_and_structural_modification_problems/file/d912f513aefc36a52a.pdf?ev=pub_int_doc_dl&origin=publication_list&inViewer=true A unified approach to substructuring and structural modification problems]," Shock and Vibration, vol. 11, pp. 295-309, 2004 D. J. Rixen, "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2003.12.014 A dual Craig–Bampton method for dynamic substructuring]," Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, vol. 168, pp. 383–391 July 2004. A. Sestieri, P. Salvini and W. D'Ambrogio "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0888-3270(91)90013-U Reducing scatter from derived rotational data to determine the frequency response function of connected structures],". Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 5, pp. 25-44, Jan. 1991. A. Sestieri and W. D'Ambrogio "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0888-3270(89)90051-4 A modification method for vibration control of structures],". Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 3, pp. 229-253, July 1989. [[Category:Info]] c9ee8ebc997a6e718d6b07e865ef67b39b24d38c 0 1 656 642 2020-01-22T22:26:35Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division's web space.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[Test Bed Information]] | Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[:Category:Info|Knowledge Base]] | This is a place to collect information that may be helpful to others in the substructuring community. == Knowledge Base (Including Tutorials on Substructuring) == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link [[IMAC_Substr_Papers|Substructuring Papers in IMAC]] | List of all of the papers from IMAC proceedings in substructuring related sessions [[Bibliography]] | Here is a list of links to conference and journal papers about dynamic substructuring, with space for notes from the authors. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * To request a new account or retrieve your password, contact the wiki administrator at [mailto:substructurewiki@cae.wisc.edu substructurewiki@cae.wisc.edu]. == About the Focus Group == The Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' [http://sem.org/imac International Modal Analysis Conference] each year. The group is led by * Chair: Andreas Linderholt (https://lnu.se/en/staff/andreas.linderholt/) * Vice Chair: Matt Allen ([http://sd.engr.wisc.edu University of Wisconsin-Madison]) * Secretary: Walter D'Ambrogio (http://www.ing.univaq.it/personale/scheda_personale.php?codice=132) * Historian: Daniel Roettgen ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) and * Past Chair: Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]). This Wiki is maintained by Matt Allen's research group. 1b2c8e37ea982c5acaf9abd8ba8aadceed498321 671 656 2021-04-21T19:58:06Z Nuno 47 Nuno moved page [[Dynamic Substructuring Wiki]] to [[Dynamic Substructuring TD]] wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division's web space.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[Test Bed Information]] | Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[:Category:Info|Knowledge Base]] | This is a place to collect information that may be helpful to others in the substructuring community. == Knowledge Base (Including Tutorials on Substructuring) == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link [[IMAC_Substr_Papers|Substructuring Papers in IMAC]] | List of all of the papers from IMAC proceedings in substructuring related sessions [[Bibliography]] | Here is a list of links to conference and journal papers about dynamic substructuring, with space for notes from the authors. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * To request a new account or retrieve your password, contact the wiki administrator at [mailto:substructurewiki@cae.wisc.edu substructurewiki@cae.wisc.edu]. == About the Focus Group == The Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' [http://sem.org/imac International Modal Analysis Conference] each year. The group is led by * Chair: Andreas Linderholt (https://lnu.se/en/staff/andreas.linderholt/) * Vice Chair: Matt Allen ([http://sd.engr.wisc.edu University of Wisconsin-Madison]) * Secretary: Walter D'Ambrogio (http://www.ing.univaq.it/personale/scheda_personale.php?codice=132) * Historian: Daniel Roettgen ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) and * Past Chair: Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]). This Wiki is maintained by Matt Allen's research group. 1b2c8e37ea982c5acaf9abd8ba8aadceed498321 6 214 657 2020-01-22T22:37:19Z MSAllen 1 Paper from Chalmers wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == Paper from Chalmers a843ba348c198101081b82c3f075237fab57bbb5 6 215 658 2020-01-22T22:39:37Z MSAllen 1 Chalmers paper #2 wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == Chalmers paper #2 9fa6c4341175e16d609d2299d504a915fdc7d872 0 18 659 602 2020-01-22T22:40:07Z MSAllen 1 Uploaded Chalmers papers and fixed the links. wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:ChalmersLogo_2.png|right|150px|link=http://www.chalmers.se]] Chalmers University of Technology have initially focused on investigating the blades for the Ampair turbine; several free-free vibration tests as well as destructive testing of blades have been performed. A master student, Mladen Gibanica, is currently working on using substructuring techniques to couple analytical and experimental models of the blades to the hub. Calibrated FE models of the blades have also been developed. == Experiments Performed == *[[Geometric and dynamic characterization of 12 blades-Chalmers]] *[[Additional testing of blade 963-Chalmers]] == Calculations Performed == *[[Analysis of blade spread from 12 blades-Chalmers]] **Paper describing this: [https://preview.substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/b/bc/179_gib.pdf Spread in modal data obtained from wind turbine blade testing], presented at the 31th IMAC, Garden Grove, CA, February 11-14, 2013 == Models == *[[Calibrated FE model-Chalmers]] **Paper describing this: [https://preview.substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/8/88/108_joh.pdf Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade], presented at the 31th IMAC, Garden Grove, CA, February 11-14, 2013 [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:AmpAir]] d1568ef7f0b09907f2c1288da96ba8f6584ff0e2 683 659 2021-04-27T23:09:18Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:ChalmersLogo_2.png|right|150px|link=http://www.chalmers.se]] Chalmers University of Technology have initially focused on investigating the blades for the Ampair turbine; several free-free vibration tests as well as destructive testing of blades have been performed. A master student, Mladen Gibanica, is currently working on using substructuring techniques to couple analytical and experimental models of the blades to the hub. Calibrated FE models of the blades have also been developed. == Experiments Performed == *[[Geometric and dynamic characterization of 12 blades-Chalmers]] *[[Additional testing of blade 963-Chalmers]] == Calculations Performed == *[[Analysis of blade spread from 12 blades-Chalmers]] **Paper describing this: [File:179_gib.pdf Spread in modal data obtained from wind turbine blade testing], presented at the 31th IMAC, Garden Grove, CA, February 11-14, 2013 == Models == *[[Calibrated FE model-Chalmers]] **Paper describing this: [https://preview.substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/8/88/108_joh.pdf Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade], presented at the 31th IMAC, Garden Grove, CA, February 11-14, 2013 [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:AmpAir]] 8f5b02ca4303d578b49f24628fa5221ddabf67d7 684 683 2021-04-27T23:09:34Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:ChalmersLogo_2.png|right|150px|link=http://www.chalmers.se]] Chalmers University of Technology have initially focused on investigating the blades for the Ampair turbine; several free-free vibration tests as well as destructive testing of blades have been performed. A master student, Mladen Gibanica, is currently working on using substructuring techniques to couple analytical and experimental models of the blades to the hub. Calibrated FE models of the blades have also been developed. == Experiments Performed == *[[Geometric and dynamic characterization of 12 blades-Chalmers]] *[[Additional testing of blade 963-Chalmers]] == Calculations Performed == *[[Analysis of blade spread from 12 blades-Chalmers]] **Paper describing this: [/File:179_gib.pdf Spread in modal data obtained from wind turbine blade testing], presented at the 31th IMAC, Garden Grove, CA, February 11-14, 2013 == Models == *[[Calibrated FE model-Chalmers]] **Paper describing this: [https://preview.substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/8/88/108_joh.pdf Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade], presented at the 31th IMAC, Garden Grove, CA, February 11-14, 2013 [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:AmpAir]] 89d8dfce291b6e3ad57e7457df0ed10976ce3f26 685 684 2021-04-27T23:09:42Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:ChalmersLogo_2.png|right|150px|link=http://www.chalmers.se]] Chalmers University of Technology have initially focused on investigating the blades for the Ampair turbine; several free-free vibration tests as well as destructive testing of blades have been performed. A master student, Mladen Gibanica, is currently working on using substructuring techniques to couple analytical and experimental models of the blades to the hub. Calibrated FE models of the blades have also been developed. == Experiments Performed == *[[Geometric and dynamic characterization of 12 blades-Chalmers]] *[[Additional testing of blade 963-Chalmers]] == Calculations Performed == *[[Analysis of blade spread from 12 blades-Chalmers]] **Paper describing this: [//File:179_gib.pdf Spread in modal data obtained from wind turbine blade testing], presented at the 31th IMAC, Garden Grove, CA, February 11-14, 2013 == Models == *[[Calibrated FE model-Chalmers]] **Paper describing this: [https://preview.substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/8/88/108_joh.pdf Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade], presented at the 31th IMAC, Garden Grove, CA, February 11-14, 2013 [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:AmpAir]] 5aebb1adc612ba44b149e993aeadd58690408b99 686 685 2021-04-27T23:10:30Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:ChalmersLogo_2.png|right|150px|link=http://www.chalmers.se]] Chalmers University of Technology have initially focused on investigating the blades for the Ampair turbine; several free-free vibration tests as well as destructive testing of blades have been performed. A master student, Mladen Gibanica, is currently working on using substructuring techniques to couple analytical and experimental models of the blades to the hub. Calibrated FE models of the blades have also been developed. == Experiments Performed == *[[Geometric and dynamic characterization of 12 blades-Chalmers]] *[[Additional testing of blade 963-Chalmers]] == Calculations Performed == *[[Analysis of blade spread from 12 blades-Chalmers]] **Paper describing this: [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/File:179_gib.pdf Spread in modal data obtained from wind turbine blade testing], presented at the 31th IMAC, Garden Grove, CA, February 11-14, 2013 == Models == *[[Calibrated FE model-Chalmers]] **Paper describing this: [https://preview.substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/8/88/108_joh.pdf Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade], presented at the 31th IMAC, Garden Grove, CA, February 11-14, 2013 [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:AmpAir]] 16ca5af81fc7796d8dde553d2738fa136927bb9a 687 686 2021-04-28T15:40:19Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:ChalmersLogo_2.png|right|150px|link=http://www.chalmers.se]] Chalmers University of Technology have initially focused on investigating the blades for the Ampair turbine; several free-free vibration tests as well as destructive testing of blades have been performed. A master student, Mladen Gibanica, is currently working on using substructuring techniques to couple analytical and experimental models of the blades to the hub. Calibrated FE models of the blades have also been developed. == Experiments Performed == *[[Geometric and dynamic characterization of 12 blades-Chalmers]] *[[Additional testing of blade 963-Chalmers]] == Calculations Performed == *[[Analysis of blade spread from 12 blades-Chalmers]] **Paper describing this: [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/File:179_gib.pdf Spread in modal data obtained from wind turbine blade testing], presented at the 31th IMAC, Garden Grove, CA, February 11-14, 2013 == Models == *[[Calibrated FE model-Chalmers]] **Paper describing this: [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/File:108_joh.pdf Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade], presented at the 31th IMAC, Garden Grove, CA, February 11-14, 2013 [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:AmpAir]] 22e09079d7a9cb60fc18a5963fdf925f8cfe39d9 0 115 660 616 2020-02-05T00:46:58Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki A [http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf link to the tutorial] given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC in 2010: [http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf] [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf "Ritz Method and Experimental Modal Analysis"] presentation by M.S. Allen: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf] == Short Course on Experimental Dynamic Substructuring (IMAC 2014) == * Taught by M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes and D. Rixen. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/SubstructureSC_IMAC2014_rev2.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for 2014 short course. (v2)] ** (Optional) Link to M.S. Allen's Matlab Substructuring Tool: [http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/28063-modal-substructuring-cms-and-modal-substructure-modification "RitzSComb Toolbox"] * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/SubstructureSC_IMAC2016.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for the IMAC 2016 short course.] * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/SubstructureSC_IMAC2020.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for the IMAC 2020 short course.] [[Category:Info]] efbe8ecd09f7089c6db28139b40b56bb08b74d74 661 660 2020-02-05T00:54:50Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki A [http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf link to the tutorial] given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC in 2010: [http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf] [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf "Ritz Method and Experimental Modal Analysis"] presentation by M.S. Allen: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf] == Short Course on Experimental Dynamic Substructuring (IMAC 2014) == * Taught by M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes and D. Rixen. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/SubstructureSC_IMAC2014_rev2.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for 2014 short course. (v2)] ** (Optional) Link to M.S. Allen's Matlab Substructuring Tool: [http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/28063-modal-substructuring-cms-and-modal-substructure-modification "RitzSComb Toolbox"] * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/SubstructureSC_IMAC2016.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for the IMAC 2016 short course.] * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/SubstructureSC_2020_Slides.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for the IMAC 2020 short course.] [[Category:Info]] b0880eb5b807dfc35176a708cc7d2cfbf099e2cb 662 661 2020-02-05T00:55:44Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki A [http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf link to the tutorial] given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC in 2010: [http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf] [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf "Ritz Method and Experimental Modal Analysis"] presentation by M.S. Allen: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf] == Short Course on Experimental Dynamic Substructuring (IMAC 2014) == * Taught by M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes and D. Rixen. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/SubstructureSC_IMAC2014_rev2.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for 2014 short course. (v2)] ** (Optional) Link to M.S. Allen's Matlab Substructuring Tool: [http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/28063-modal-substructuring-cms-and-modal-substructure-modification "RitzSComb Toolbox"] * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/SubstructureSC_IMAC2016.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for the IMAC 2016 short course.] * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/SubstructureSC_2020_Slides.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for the IMAC 2020 short course.] This course was taught by Matt Allen, Randy Mayes and Paolo Tiso in Houston, TX on Saturday Feb. 8, 2020. [[Category:Info]] a46c9e73567f1457e463a29213a172a2c96ce068 663 662 2020-02-05T00:57:04Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki A [http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf link to the tutorial] given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC in 2010: [http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf] [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf "Ritz Method and Experimental Modal Analysis"] presentation by M.S. Allen: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf] == Short Course on Experimental Dynamic Substructuring (IMAC 2014) == * Taught by M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes and D. Rixen. <!-- * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/SubstructureSC_IMAC2014_rev2.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for 2014 short course. (v2)] ** (Optional) Link to M.S. Allen's Matlab Substructuring Tool: [http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/28063-modal-substructuring-cms-and-modal-substructure-modification "RitzSComb Toolbox"] --> * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/SubstructureSC_IMAC2016.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for the IMAC 2016 short course.] * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/SubstructureSC_2020_Slides.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for the IMAC 2020 short course.] This course was taught by Matt Allen, Randy Mayes and Paolo Tiso in Houston, TX on Saturday Feb. 8, 2020. [[Category:Info]] 6fb21452988879db47ccc731d373d30a51df671d 664 663 2020-02-05T00:57:37Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki A [http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf link to the tutorial] given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC in 2010: [http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf] [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf "Ritz Method and Experimental Modal Analysis"] presentation by M.S. Allen: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf] == Short Course on Experimental Dynamic Substructuring (IMAC 2014) == <!-- * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/SubstructureSC_IMAC2014_rev2.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for 2014 short course. (v2)] ** (Optional) Link to M.S. Allen's Matlab Substructuring Tool: [http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/28063-modal-substructuring-cms-and-modal-substructure-modification "RitzSComb Toolbox"] --> * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/SubstructureSC_IMAC2016.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for the IMAC 2016 short course.] This course was taught by M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes and D. Rixen at IMAC 2016. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/SubstructureSC_2020_Slides.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for the IMAC 2020 short course.] This course was taught by Matt Allen, Randy Mayes and Paolo Tiso in Houston, TX on Saturday Feb. 8, 2020. [[Category:Info]] 7fda9db26afd582c03e715fa60184697a69c12ca 665 664 2020-02-05T01:16:58Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki A [http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf link to the tutorial] given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC in 2010: [http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf] [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf "Ritz Method and Experimental Modal Analysis"] presentation by M.S. Allen: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf] == Short Course on Experimental Dynamic Substructuring (IMAC 2014) == <!-- * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/SubstructureSC_IMAC2014_rev2.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for 2014 short course. (v2)] ** (Optional) Link to M.S. Allen's Matlab Substructuring Tool: [http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/28063-modal-substructuring-cms-and-modal-substructure-modification "RitzSComb Toolbox"] --> * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/SubstructureSC_IMAC2016.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for the IMAC 2016 short course.] This course was taught by M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes and D. Rixen at IMAC 2016. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/SubstructureSC_2020_Slides.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for the IMAC 2020 short course.] This course was taught by Matt Allen, Randy Mayes and Paolo Tiso in Houston, TX on Saturday Feb. 8, 2020. == Book Published as Part of the CISM 2018 Short Course == * [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-25532-9%20 Click here to download the book (assuming your library has paid for access).] If you are unable to download the book, you can get the [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/Allen_etal_Substructuring_in_Engineering_Dynamics_TOC_Ch1.pdf table of contents and bibliography here]. [[Category:Info]] 89ca0dfc0a858d803f80c8c9672c46c7fde41d2a 666 665 2020-02-05T01:19:08Z MSAllen 1 /* Short Course on Experimental Dynamic Substructuring (IMAC 2014) */ wikitext text/x-wiki A [http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf link to the tutorial] given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC in 2010: [http://www.sem.org/pdf/substructuring_tutorial_imac2010.pdf] [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf "Ritz Method and Experimental Modal Analysis"] presentation by M.S. Allen: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf] == Short Course on Experimental Dynamic Substructuring (IMAC 2014, 2016 and 2020) == <!-- * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/SubstructureSC_IMAC2014_rev2.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for 2014 short course. (v2)] ** (Optional) Link to M.S. Allen's Matlab Substructuring Tool: [http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/28063-modal-substructuring-cms-and-modal-substructure-modification "RitzSComb Toolbox"] --> * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/SubstructureSC_IMAC2016.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for the IMAC 2016 short course.] This course was taught by M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes and D. Rixen at IMAC 2016. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/SubstructureSC_2020_Slides.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for the IMAC 2020 short course.] This course was taught by Matt Allen, Randy Mayes and Paolo Tiso in Houston, TX on Saturday Feb. 8, 2020. == Book Published as Part of the CISM 2018 Short Course == * [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-25532-9%20 Click here to download the book (assuming your library has paid for access).] If you are unable to download the book, you can get the [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/Allen_etal_Substructuring_in_Engineering_Dynamics_TOC_Ch1.pdf table of contents and bibliography here]. [[Category:Info]] 7c2d9ddbdb1a5b2a6c7da3690658ddf07907e51f 667 666 2020-02-06T21:22:57Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki A [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/Rixen_Substructuring_Tutorial_IMAC2010.pdf link to the tutorial] given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC in 2010: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/Rixen_Substructuring_Tutorial_IMAC2010.pdf] [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf "Ritz Method and Experimental Modal Analysis"] presentation by M.S. Allen: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf] == Short Course on Experimental Dynamic Substructuring (IMAC 2014, 2016 and 2020) == <!-- * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/SubstructureSC_IMAC2014_rev2.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for 2014 short course. (v2)] ** (Optional) Link to M.S. Allen's Matlab Substructuring Tool: [http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/28063-modal-substructuring-cms-and-modal-substructure-modification "RitzSComb Toolbox"] --> * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/SubstructureSC_IMAC2016.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for the IMAC 2016 short course.] This course was taught by M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes and D. Rixen at IMAC 2016. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/SubstructureSC_2020_Slides.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for the IMAC 2020 short course.] This course was taught by Matt Allen, Randy Mayes and Paolo Tiso in Houston, TX on Saturday Feb. 8, 2020. == Book Published as Part of the CISM 2018 Short Course == * [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-25532-9%20 Click here to download the book (assuming your library has paid for access).] If you are unable to download the book, you can get the [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/Allen_etal_Substructuring_in_Engineering_Dynamics_TOC_Ch1.pdf table of contents and bibliography here]. [[Category:Info]] 2c311cab650e4e042ee66c238deb8d7d68aea09f 668 667 2020-02-08T15:53:35Z MSAllen 1 wikitext text/x-wiki A [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/Rixen_Substructuring_Tutorial_IMAC2010.pdf link to the tutorial] given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC in 2010: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/Rixen_Substructuring_Tutorial_IMAC2010.pdf] [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf "Ritz Method and Experimental Modal Analysis"] presentation by M.S. Allen: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf] [https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/28063-modal-substructuring-cms-and-modal-substructure-modificati CMS Matlab Package for Substructuring by M.S. Allen] == Short Course on Experimental Dynamic Substructuring (IMAC 2014, 2016 and 2020) == <!-- * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/SubstructureSC_IMAC2014_rev2.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for 2014 short course. (v2)] ** (Optional) Link to M.S. Allen's Matlab Substructuring Tool: [http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/28063-modal-substructuring-cms-and-modal-substructure-modification "RitzSComb Toolbox"] --> * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/SubstructureSC_IMAC2016.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for the IMAC 2016 short course.] This course was taught by M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes and D. Rixen at IMAC 2016. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/SubstructureSC_2020_Slides.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for the IMAC 2020 short course.] This course was taught by Matt Allen, Randy Mayes and Paolo Tiso in Houston, TX on Saturday Feb. 8, 2020. == Book Published as Part of the CISM 2018 Short Course == * [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-25532-9%20 Click here to download the book (assuming your library has paid for access).] If you are unable to download the book, you can get the [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/Allen_etal_Substructuring_in_Engineering_Dynamics_TOC_Ch1.pdf table of contents and bibliography here]. [[Category:Info]] 17c92c6f7daf0ea62179eb3eaed4f8347700a82f 8 216 669 2021-04-20T23:38:46Z Mywikis 46 Created page with "Log in with SES" wikitext text/x-wiki Log in with SES 76c5eb5e3c6f67b1aec44de2e192b97e9d161f87 670 669 2021-04-20T23:38:54Z Mywikis 46 wikitext text/x-wiki Log in with SEM cba07e77f01f3f3311d1dfd6176715eb975cd350 0 217 672 2021-04-21T19:58:06Z Nuno 47 Nuno moved page [[Dynamic Substructuring Wiki]] to [[Dynamic Substructuring TD]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Dynamic Substructuring TD]] 5c6edffe6ccf868ec6cd438dfa5048772401b505 673 672 2021-04-21T19:58:55Z Nuno 47 Removed redirect to [[Dynamic Substructuring TD]] wikitext text/x-wiki Welcome to the SEM/IMAC Wiki 29d080333a6c48253ecc2c3acd1ffd124b9ca68f 674 673 2021-04-27T22:25:48Z Mallen 48 Undo revision 673 by [[Special:Contributions/Nuno|Nuno]] ([[User talk:Nuno|talk]]) - this broke the home page. wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Dynamic Substructuring TD]] 5c6edffe6ccf868ec6cd438dfa5048772401b505 675 674 2021-04-27T22:28:49Z Mallen 48 Restored the content that was on this page, updated the TD leadership. wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division's Wiki.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[Test Bed Information]] | Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[:Category:Info|Knowledge Base]] | This is a place to collect information that may be helpful to others in the substructuring community. == Knowledge Base (Including Tutorials on Substructuring) == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link [[IMAC_Substr_Papers|Substructuring Papers in IMAC]] | List of all of the papers from IMAC proceedings in substructuring related sessions [[Bibliography]] | Here is a list of links to conference and journal papers about dynamic substructuring, with space for notes from the authors. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * To request a new account or retrieve your password, contact the wiki administrator at [mailto:substructurewiki@cae.wisc.edu substructurewiki@cae.wisc.edu]. == About the Focus Group == The Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' [http://sem.org/imac International Modal Analysis Conference] each year. The group is led by * Chair: Matt Allen ([http://byusdrg.com Brigham Young University]) * Vice Chair: Walter D'Ambrogio (http://www.ing.univaq.it/personale/scheda_personale.php?codice=132) * Secretary: Daniel Roettgen ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) and * Historian: Maarten van der Seijs ([https://www.vibestechnology.com/ Vibes Technology) * Past Chair: Andreas Linderholt (https://lnu.se/en/staff/andreas.linderholt/) * Past/Past Chair: Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]). This Wiki is maintained by Matt Allen's research group. 2ee87859caec803203ed9989089ffb1cca7e1b9a 678 675 2021-04-27T22:54:11Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division's Wiki.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[Test Bed Information]] | Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[:Category:Info|Knowledge Base]] | This is a place to collect information that may be helpful to others in the substructuring community. == Knowledge Base (Including Tutorials on Substructuring) == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link [[IMAC_Substr_Papers|Substructuring Papers in IMAC]] | List of all of the papers from IMAC proceedings in substructuring related sessions [[Bibliography]] | Here is a list of links to conference and journal papers about dynamic substructuring, with space for notes from the authors. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. To request access contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. == About the Focus Group == The Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' [http://sem.org/imac International Modal Analysis Conference] each year. The group is led by * Chair: Matt Allen ([http://byusdrg.com Brigham Young University]) * Vice Chair: Walter D'Ambrogio (http://www.ing.univaq.it/personale/scheda_personale.php?codice=132) * Secretary: Daniel Roettgen ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) and * Historian: Maarten van der Seijs ([https://www.vibestechnology.com/ Vibes Technology) * Past Chair: Andreas Linderholt (https://lnu.se/en/staff/andreas.linderholt/) * Past/Past Chair: Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]). This Wiki is maintained by Matt Allen's research group. ef3ae2df4cf57e3aa3f7484233c22b7cef24b6b0 701 678 2021-12-13T20:49:53Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division's Wiki.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[Test Bed Information]] | Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[:Category:Info|Knowledge Base]] | This is a place to collect information that may be helpful to others in the substructuring community. == Knowledge Base (Including Tutorials on Substructuring) == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link [[IMAC_Substr_Papers|Substructuring Papers in IMAC]] | List of all of the papers from IMAC proceedings in substructuring related sessions [[Bibliography]] | Here is a list of links to conference and journal papers about dynamic substructuring, with space for notes from the authors. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. To request access contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. == About the Focus Group == The Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' [http://sem.org/imac International Modal Analysis Conference] each year. The group is led by * Chair: Matt Allen ([http://byusdrg.com Brigham Young University]) * Vice Chair: Walter D'Ambrogio (http://www.ing.univaq.it/personale/scheda_personale.php?codice=132) * Secretary: Daniel Roettgen ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) and * Historian: Maarten van der Seijs ([https://www.vibestechnology.com/ Vibes Technology) * Past Chair: Andreas Linderholt (https://lnu.se/en/staff/andreas.linderholt/) * Past/Past Chair: Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]). This Wiki is maintained by Matt Allen's research group. [DSWiki] d85b295df90ea9112c82c5d898e3adfaaca85faa 703 701 2021-12-13T20:52:12Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division's Wiki.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[Test Bed Information]] | Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[:Category:Info|Knowledge Base]] | This is a place to collect information that may be helpful to others in the substructuring community. == Knowledge Base (Including Tutorials on Substructuring) == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link [[IMAC_Substr_Papers|Substructuring Papers in IMAC]] | List of all of the papers from IMAC proceedings in substructuring related sessions [[Bibliography]] | Here is a list of links to conference and journal papers about dynamic substructuring, with space for notes from the authors. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. To request access contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. == About the Focus Group == The Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' [http://sem.org/imac International Modal Analysis Conference] each year. The group is led by * Chair: Matt Allen ([http://byusdrg.com Brigham Young University]) * Vice Chair: Walter D'Ambrogio (http://www.ing.univaq.it/personale/scheda_personale.php?codice=132) * Secretary: Daniel Roettgen ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) and * Historian: Maarten van der Seijs ([https://www.vibestechnology.com/ Vibes Technology) * Past Chair: Andreas Linderholt (https://lnu.se/en/staff/andreas.linderholt/) * Past/Past Chair: Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]). This Wiki is maintained by Matt Allen's research group. [[DSWiki]] 6c080edd1958c55dabadea6ec07a2511634a5880 705 703 2021-12-13T20:57:08Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to SEM's Wiki Site''' Below you can find links to the Wikis that are maintained by various Technical Divisions and Focus Groups within SEM. The "Getting Started" section explains how to create and edit pages and add content to a Wiki. Once your Technical Division gives you editing permission, you can log in as an editor using your SEM login. == Dynamic Substructuring Wiki:Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[Test Bed Information]] | Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[:Category:Info|Knowledge Base]] | This is a place to collect information that may be helpful to others in the substructuring community. == Knowledge Base (Including Tutorials on Substructuring) == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link [[IMAC_Substr_Papers|Substructuring Papers in IMAC]] | List of all of the papers from IMAC proceedings in substructuring related sessions [[Bibliography]] | Here is a list of links to conference and journal papers about dynamic substructuring, with space for notes from the authors. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. To request access contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. == About the Focus Group == The Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' [http://sem.org/imac International Modal Analysis Conference] each year. The group is led by * Chair: Matt Allen ([http://byusdrg.com Brigham Young University]) * Vice Chair: Walter D'Ambrogio (http://www.ing.univaq.it/personale/scheda_personale.php?codice=132) * Secretary: Daniel Roettgen ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) and * Historian: Maarten van der Seijs ([https://www.vibestechnology.com/ Vibes Technology) * Past Chair: Andreas Linderholt (https://lnu.se/en/staff/andreas.linderholt/) * Past/Past Chair: Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]). This Wiki is maintained by Matt Allen's research group. [[DSWiki]] c67201f63c80bf9608b7d6a352dda0e3e341d7ae 0 17 676 628 2021-04-27T22:41:35Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|right|50px|link=http://wisc.edu]] ==Overview== The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine. Note that M.S. Allen, the PI of the Structural Dynamics Research Group at UW-Madison has moved to BYU: http://byusdrg.com <br clear="all"> <gallery> File:UW_2Blade_Turbine.JPG| File:UW Full Turbine Points.JPG| File:UW Blade Back.JPG File:UW NoBlade Turbine Front.jpg {...} </gallery> ==Experiments Performed== *Tests Performed Fall 2011 **[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] **[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *Tests performed by Dan Rohe (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia) **[[Full Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[Hub + 3 Blades]] (forthcoming) **[[Tower + Hub]] (forthcoming) *Tests performed by Dan Roettgen (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia) **[[Rotor System Tests (Single and Three Bladed Assembly)]] *Nonlinear Substructure Test Data **[[Nonlinear Amp-Air Wind Turbine Assembly]] == Calculations Performed == * Substructuring of UW-Madison Test Results (~Fall 2011) **[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) **[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) * Substructuring of Sandia Test Results (Summer 2012) **[[Hub+blades to Hub+Tower]] (forthcoming) **Paper Describing This: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/5/58/RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf] * Substructuring of Test Results (Summer 2014) **[[Single-Blade and Hub Test used to reconstruct Three-Bladed Assembly]] (forthcoming) == Summary of Ampair Tests == * Dan Rohe's thesis contains an excellent discussion of the experiments performed at UW-Madison and the difficulties encountered. A second set of tests was performed at Sandia (will post that data when we are able) and far better results were obtained. His thesis is available below. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/1/19/RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf] == Links == *[http://byusdrg.com Matt Allen's Home Page] *[http://www.engr.wisc.edu/ UW-Madison College of Engineering Homepage] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Broken Links]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] [[Category:AmpAir]] [[Category:Sheepshead]] *[[Virginia Tech]] Virginia Tech Page b267817584537e0baf47639b25ea6b3e7800fed1 677 676 2021-04-27T22:45:42Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|right|50px|link=http://wisc.edu]] ==Overview== The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine. Note that M.S. Allen, the PI of the Structural Dynamics Research Group at UW-Madison has moved to BYU: http://byusdrg.com <br clear="all"> <gallery> File:UW_2Blade_Turbine.JPG| File:UW Full Turbine Points.JPG| File:UW Blade Back.JPG File:UW NoBlade Turbine Front.jpg {...} </gallery> ==Experiments Performed== *Tests Performed Fall 2011 **[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] **[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *Tests performed by Dan Rohe (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia) **[[Full Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[Hub + 3 Blades]] (forthcoming) **[[Tower + Hub]] (forthcoming) *Tests performed by Dan Roettgen (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia) **[[Rotor System Tests (Single and Three Bladed Assembly)]] *Nonlinear Substructure Test Data **[[Nonlinear Amp-Air Wind Turbine Assembly]] == Calculations Performed == * Substructuring of UW-Madison Test Results (~Fall 2011) **[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) **[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) * Substructuring of Sandia Test Results (Summer 2012) **[[Hub+blades to Hub+Tower]] (forthcoming) **Paper Describing This: [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/File:RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf] * Substructuring of Test Results (Summer 2014) **[[Single-Blade and Hub Test used to reconstruct Three-Bladed Assembly]] (forthcoming) == Summary of Ampair Tests == * Dan Rohe's thesis contains an excellent discussion of the experiments performed at UW-Madison and the difficulties encountered. A second set of tests was performed at Sandia (will post that data when we are able) and far better results were obtained. His thesis is available below. * [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/File:RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf] == Links == *[http://byusdrg.com Matt Allen's Home Page] *[http://www.engr.wisc.edu/ UW-Madison College of Engineering Homepage] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Broken Links]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] [[Category:AmpAir]] [[Category:Sheepshead]] *[[Virginia Tech]] Virginia Tech Page b0ee21b8da27c0edb4c2bd88221d3282a4995e83 679 677 2021-04-27T22:56:42Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|right|50px|link=http://wisc.edu]] ==Overview== The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine. Note that M.S. Allen, the PI of the Structural Dynamics Research Group at UW-Madison has moved to [[BYU]]: http://byusdrg.com <br clear="all"> <gallery> File:UW_2Blade_Turbine.JPG| File:UW Full Turbine Points.JPG| File:UW Blade Back.JPG File:UW NoBlade Turbine Front.jpg {...} </gallery> ==Experiments Performed== *Tests Performed Fall 2011 **[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] **[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *Tests performed by Dan Rohe (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia) **[[Full Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[Hub + 3 Blades]] (forthcoming) **[[Tower + Hub]] (forthcoming) *Tests performed by Dan Roettgen (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia) **[[Rotor System Tests (Single and Three Bladed Assembly)]] *Nonlinear Substructure Test Data **[[Nonlinear Amp-Air Wind Turbine Assembly]] == Calculations Performed == * Substructuring of UW-Madison Test Results (~Fall 2011) **[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) **[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) * Substructuring of Sandia Test Results (Summer 2012) **[[Hub+blades to Hub+Tower]] (forthcoming) **Paper Describing This: [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/File:RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf] * Substructuring of Test Results (Summer 2014) **[[Single-Blade and Hub Test used to reconstruct Three-Bladed Assembly]] (forthcoming) == Summary of Ampair Tests == * Dan Rohe's thesis contains an excellent discussion of the experiments performed at UW-Madison and the difficulties encountered. A second set of tests was performed at Sandia (will post that data when we are able) and far better results were obtained. His thesis is available below. * [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/File:RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf] == Links == *[http://byusdrg.com Matt Allen's Home Page] *[http://www.engr.wisc.edu/ UW-Madison College of Engineering Homepage] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Broken Links]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] [[Category:AmpAir]] [[Category:Sheepshead]] *[[Virginia Tech]] Virginia Tech Page bbb988e54e636dc118cfb19886d236b39f7aa3db 0 218 680 2021-04-27T23:00:03Z Mallen 48 Created page with "==Overview== Professor Matt Allen leads the [http://byusdrg.com Structural Dynamics Research Group] at Brigham Young University, which is involved in substructuring research...." wikitext text/x-wiki ==Overview== Professor Matt Allen leads the [http://byusdrg.com Structural Dynamics Research Group] at Brigham Young University, which is involved in substructuring research. The prior contributions of Professor Allen's research group are documented on the [[Wisconsin]] page. Contributions after May 2021 will appear here. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Broken Links]] [[Category:BYU]] [[Category:AmpAir]] [[Category:Sheepshead]] 58339b85e83fe851799445cd17b3a236729d0b5f 0 10 681 614 2021-04-27T23:07:50Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki The test bed that the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen is an Ampair 600 Wind Turbine. This turbine was purchased and then modified to decrease the nonlinearities in the system. == Ampair 600 Wind Turbine == [[File:FullTurbine.png|200px|right|Ampair 600 Turbine]] The Ampair 600 Wind Turbine we are working with is the stock wind turbine with some of the electrical 'guts' removed, and replaced with solid masses. The tail has also been replaced with a smaller version. The turbine hub and nacelle are fixed to a flag pole which is fixed to a large mass. This large mass is then floating on a trampoline to simulate a free-free test condition. More information can be found here: [[:File:Substructuring_Testbed_Assembly_Instructions.pdf|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:TestBedPoster.pdf|Testbed Poster]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! ==Available Infomration== *Models **[[Atomic_Weapons_Establishment|AWE Scanned Geometry Model]] **[[University_of_Stuttgart|FEM Solver Input Files from Stuttgart]] **[[L%27Aquila|Geometry Step File from L'Aquila]] *Experimental Data **[[Wisconsin|Various Experimental Datasets from UW-Madison]] **[[Chalmers_University|Testing and Characterization of several blades]] **[[Sandia_National_Laboratories|Experimental Data from Sandia National Labs]] [[Category:AmpAir]] 9d16cf3acf52f635e3337717ab9a2c49a814f3ca 682 681 2021-04-27T23:08:16Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki The test bed that the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen is an Ampair 600 Wind Turbine. This turbine was purchased and then modified to decrease the nonlinearities in the system. == Ampair 600 Wind Turbine == [[File:FullTurbine.png|200px|right|Ampair 600 Turbine]] The Ampair 600 Wind Turbine we are working with is the stock wind turbine with some of the electrical 'guts' removed, and replaced with solid masses. The tail has also been replaced with a smaller version. The turbine hub and nacelle are fixed to a flag pole which is fixed to a large mass. This large mass is then floating on a trampoline to simulate a free-free test condition. More information can be found here: [[:File:Substructuring_Testbed_Assembly_Instructions.pdf|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:TestBedPoster.pdf|Testbed Poster]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! ==Available Infomration== *Models **[[Atomic_Weapons_Establishment|AWE Scanned Geometry Model]] **[[University_of_Stuttgart|FEM Solver Input Files from Stuttgart]] **[[L%27Aquila|Geometry Step File from L'Aquila]] *Experimental Data **[[Wisconsin|Various Experimental Datasets from UW-Madison]] **[[Chalmers_University|Testing and Characterization of several blades by Chalmers University]] **[[Sandia_National_Laboratories|Experimental Data from Sandia National Labs]] [[Category:AmpAir]] 290c55d531cb668259610575525bb1ec5b54f754 0 14 688 604 2021-04-28T15:44:40Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:AWEBladeScan.png|left|350px|https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/File:Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt]] [[File:AWEBladeScan_Back.png|left|350px|https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/File:Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt]] The Atomic Weapons Establishment used scanning laser measurements to create an accurate geometric model of the blade. This measurement was averaged and curve fitted over 3 Ampair 600 blades. The measurement is available in the text file here: [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/File:Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt]. The file is actually in 'step' model format so please rename to *.stp after downloading. The pictures are screen captures that Matt Allen created in SolidWorks 2012 after opening the *.stp file. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:AmpAir]] 6a652303fc3d92a639e35b37f4f76412f937d903 0 15 689 603 2021-04-28T15:49:02Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki Below is a video of Patrick Hunter exciting the turbine into its pitch mode: http://youtu.be/uIj_m17DR4I A single blade from the Ampair was connected to the hub and tested in free-free conditions in July 2014, using a modal hammer for input with a few accelerometers as outputs. The measurements can be downloaded at the link below. [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/File:Response_1BladeHub_SandiaJointsInstitute.zip Ampair Nonlinear Joint Measurements] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:AmpAir]] 6b8a0af7ae9dc420a853686f2abb70881038d49d 0 19 690 556 2021-04-28T16:01:03Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uni stuttgart.jpg|right|100px]] The assembly of the Ampair 600 wind turbine consists of several substructures with very different material properties. Since the parameters of these materials are unknown, model updating is applied to the substructures to obtain validated finite element models. Based on experimentally determined modal parameters, the finite element models are adapted to achieve acceptable vibration behaviour. Therefore, an objective function consisting of the deviation of the eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors is used to determine Young's modulus, density and Poisson's ratio of each material. ==Introduction== Dynamic Substructuring methods offer the possibility to model high order finite element models in an efficient way [1]. A separated representation of the dynamics of the participated substructures enables the application of model reduction methods like the Craig-Bampton method and a later assembly of the different parts by Component Mode Synthesis (CMS). Therefore, the degrees of freedom (DoF) can be reduced drastically. Additionally, a validation of the components can be done individually in a more efficient way. In order to get validated finite element models, model updating methods [2] can be applied to identify material parameters. For example measured modal parameters can be provided to an optimization such that the deviation of the simulation model can be minimized automatically. Within this contribution such a model updating procedure is presented. ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters [3]. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a wire, which is attached to a frame. [[File:Free Free boundary condition of the blade.jpg|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==Modeling of the Substructures== The assembly of the wind turbine consists of many different parts. Those parts have different material parameters and are connected to each other in various ways. Since the influence of each individual part on the overall dynamics is unknown, all parts are modeled such that individual material parameters can be given to reach the best matching between simulation and experiment. The first step toward a finite element model which is able to capture the dynamics of the system is to know the geometry. Therefore, the dimensions of the real parts were recorded manually and converted into CAD models. [[File:Details of the hub model.png|200px]][[File:Turbine assembly parts.png|200px]] *'''Blade Model''' Based on the geometry a finite element model of the blade was established with the Hyperworks software by Altair. Due to the complicated shape the geometry is divided in an upper (green) and lower (red) surface of the blade and the flange (blue). The outer layer defined by these three sections is the composite part of the blade surrounding the core material (yellow). Each section can be meshed individually. [[File:Upper_side.png|250px]] [[File:Lower_side.png|227px]] The composite part of the blade is meshed with tria elements with an element size of 10 mm. 3D tetras with the same element size are used for the core of the blade. An intersection of the blade is given in the picture below. [[File:Intersection.png|250px]] As already mentioned, the blade is made out of two different materials. Johansson et al. performed destructive tests in "Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade" to obtain material properties of both the glass fiber composite and the core. Chemical tests, which were performed in their study, indicated that the core, as well as the resin of the glass fiber reinforced skin, consist of polypropylene (PP). The material properties used for the FE-model presented here and resulting from the investigation performed by Johansson et al. are collect in the tables below. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Core |- | Young's Modulus || 1745 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 8.18*10^-10 t/mm³ |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Skin |- | Young's Modulus perpendicular to fiber ||1745 Mpa |- | Young's Modulus in fiber direction || 14500 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 1.09*10^-9 t/mm³ |- | Shear Modulus in all directions || 700 Mpa |} The laminate of the composite skin consists of 4 layers, stacked by alternating the direction of the fibers in a 0°/90°/0°/90° order, where the fibers oriented in 0°, span from the blade root to the tip of the blade. Each ply has a thickness of 0.7 mm resulting in a total composite skin thickness of 2.8 mm. The following picture illustrates the laminate of the blade. The arrows point in the fiber direction of the ply. The outer ply has a 90° fiber orientation whereas the first ply on the core is oriented in a 0° angle. [[File:Laminate.png|500px]] A modal analysis was performed with this FE-modal in both free and clamped boundary condition. The clamped condition was realized by putting constraints on nodes of the flange. Results obtained from the free model: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! FE !! !! exp.Blade 1 !! exp. Blade 2 !! exp. Blade 3 |- | 1 || First bending || 49.2 Hz || || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 139.7 Hz || || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 220.1 Hz || || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 272.6 Hz || || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 348.5 Hz || || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz |} <gallery> File:First_bending_mode.png| File:Second_bending_mode.png| File:First_torsional_mode.png| File:Third_bending_mode.png| File:Second_torsional_mode.png| {...} </gallery> Results of the model with constraints: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! FE !! !! exp. Blade 1 !! exp. Blade 2 !! exp. Blade 3 |- | 1 || First bending || 21.5 Hz || || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending ||75.8 Hz || || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 140.2 Hz || || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 189.3 Hz || || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 208.0 Hz || || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz |} <gallery> File:First_bending_mode_(clamped).png| File:Second_bending_mode_(clamped).png| File:Third_bending_mode_(clamped).png| File:Fourth_bending_mode_(clamped).png| File:First_torsional_mode_(clamped).png| {...} </gallery> *'''Hub Model''' The hub of the wind turbine is a complex part which has numerous components. An intersection of the finite element model can be seen in the picture below. The components are modeled individually and are assembled using compatibility conditions at the contact surfaces. In addition to the parts, which can be seen in the intersection, the epoxy resin is modeled for the sake of completeness. In further investigations, measurements of the hub assembly will be established and a model updating will be performed. [[File:Mesh_of_the_hub_assembly.png|300px]] *'''CAD Assembly Model''' [[File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png|80px]] Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] *'''Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN.''' [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] ==Model Updating== Model updating is a method to adjust parameters of a simulation model automatically so that it matches the dynamic behavior of the measured part. In the present case the modal parameters from the experiments are used as reference to adjust the material parameters for the finite element model to obtain better results. For this purpose an objective function is created which includes the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies and -vectors. Reaching a good result in optimization strongly depends on the quality of the finite element model. Since the finite element models themselves contain uncertainties with respect to the real parts a good agreement for all eigenfrequnecies and -vectors could be unachievable. To counteract this problem a weighted sum is introduced which offers more variability for a good compromise of all considered modes. The weighted sum can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ1.png|170px]], where '''''x''''' is the n-dimensional vector of the parameters to be updated, ''f'' represents the single objective functions, ''w'' is the vector with the weighting factors and ''m'' the number of the considered objective functions. In the present case the overall objective function ''J'' is composed of two functions. One represents the frequencies and the other the eigenvectors such that ''J'' can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ2.png|150px]]. The weighted sum of the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies is denoted by ::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ3.png|220px]], and the deviation of the eigenvectors in form of weighted MAC values [3] is described by :::::::::::::[[File:EQ4.1.png|190px]] with [[File:EQ4.2.png|350px]]. ==IMAC 2014== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 in which a finite element model is updated to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/File:295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted on this page. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] ==References== [[File:References.png|800px]] a2d8dea3df6cd336c8bb5e39bea64a2a7bd2284a 0 94 692 507 2021-04-28T16:58:23Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki The wiki provides a quick and easy means to [[Special:Upload | upload files]] and post them to a page you might create. The interface to upload the files is located in the Toolbox section of the Navigation Bar on the left side. You must be logged in to upload files. The page lists permitted file types. If you wish to upload a file type that is not listed in that list, contact [[mailto:matt.allen@byu.edu matt.allen@byu.edu]]. Our web host has an imposed limit of 32 MB per file for upload. == Large File Upload == To upload files larger than 32 MB, two options exist. === External Upload === Files can be uploaded to an external hosting site (e.g. [http://dropbox.com Dropbox] or [http://drive.google.com GoogleDrive]) and linked externally. See the example above or the wiki's [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for more information on creating external links. === Compression === Compression can only go so far, and the server's security software seems to be overzealous at flagging compressed file formats (especially *.zip files). The security software seems to be more lenient with *.rar compressed files, although the occasional false positive still occurs. If the server won't let you upload your compressed file, you can change the file extension and add a note to users to change it back before using it, or see one of the other methods. d08e63b03d3e97ff20dc0293157ccd28730969d7 0 201 695 627 2021-04-28T17:10:52Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Details== This test was performed in summer 2014. Measurements were taken from a single blade and hub and three blade and hub assembly using a hammer impulse. == Photos == <gallery> Image: 3blade.JPG | 3-Bladed Rotor Assembly Image: 1blade.JPG | 1-Bladed Rotor Assembly </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in .mat format. Test shapes have been uploaded. The ZIP file contains a single blade and hub shape results, a set of shapes for the single hub, and then the full three-bladed assembly truth test results. [[:File:UW Ampair TestShapes2014.zip|Test Shape]] <gallery> Image: UW2014 SS CoordinateSys.png | Coordinate System Diagram Image: MeasurementResolution2014 UW SS.jpg | Measurement Resolution </gallery> == Results == Mode Shape Images Forthcoming. [[Category:Experiments]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] 0c490772d82a8afd6c0c5fcea7248323797b32cd 0 22 696 640 2021-04-28T17:13:57Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Details== This test was performed in early January 2012 Two sets of measurements were taken with varying accelerometer locations. The hammer was roved over approximately 40 points on the structure to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points, primarily on the blade. The span of the test was 0 to 800 Hz. == Photos == [[File: UW_2Blade_Turbine.JPG|frameless|upright=1.5|2-bladed Turbine Configuration]] == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geometry.uff|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Turbine_Test_1.rar|Dataset 1]] | [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Turbine_Test_2.rar|Dataset 2]] <gallery> Image: UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geo.jpg | Test Geometry, Front View Image: UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geo_Side.jpg | Test Geometry, Side View </gallery> == Results == <gallery> Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_1.jpg | Mode 1 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_2.jpg | Mode 2 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_3.jpg | Mode 3 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_4.jpg | Mode 4 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_5.jpg | Mode 5 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_6.jpg | Mode 6 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_7.jpg | Mode 7 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_8.jpg | Mode 8 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_9.jpg | Mode 9 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_10.jpg | Mode 10 </gallery> [[Category:Experiments]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] b44db0827ab56fa4a04c28e94f35a8fb9386ba11 8 4 697 645 2021-04-28T18:46:21Z Nuno 47 wikitext text/x-wiki * navigation ** mainpage|mainpage-description ** recentchanges-url|recentchanges ** randompage-url|randompage * Contributors ** Atomic Weapons Establishment|AWE ** BYU|BYU ** Sandia National Laboratories|Sandia Labs ** Wisconsin|Wisconsin ** Chalmers University|Chalmers ** University of Stuttgart|Stuttgart ** TU Delft|TU Delft ** L'Aquila|L'Aquila * Content ** Category:Experiments|Experiments ** Category:Models|Models ** Category:Calculations|Calculations ** Category:Info|Knowledge Base * SEARCH * TOOLBOX * LANGUAGES 4d58883e26d2b43ed7cad3a3c720e36bf3999eaf 700 697 2021-12-13T20:48:57Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki * navigation ** mainpage|mainpage-description ** recentchanges-url|recentchanges ** randompage-url|randompage * SEM Wikis ** Dynamic Substructuring Wiki (DS) ** Dynamic Environments Wiki * DS:Contributors ** Atomic Weapons Establishment|AWE ** BYU|BYU ** Sandia National Laboratories|Sandia Labs ** Wisconsin|Wisconsin ** Chalmers University|Chalmers ** University of Stuttgart|Stuttgart ** TU Delft|TU Delft ** L'Aquila|L'Aquila * DS:Content ** Category:Experiments|Experiments ** Category:Models|Models ** Category:Calculations|Calculations ** Category:Info|Knowledge Base * SEARCH * TOOLBOX * LANGUAGES 7b9ea332e522b9ef1878a4e7dab3e1346601be73 702 700 2021-12-13T20:50:14Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki * navigation ** mainpage|mainpage-description ** recentchanges-url|recentchanges ** randompage-url|randompage * SEM Wikis ** Dynamic Substructuring Wiki (DS)|DSWiki ** Dynamic Environments Wiki|DEWiki * DS:Contributors ** Atomic Weapons Establishment|AWE ** BYU|BYU ** Sandia National Laboratories|Sandia Labs ** Wisconsin|Wisconsin ** Chalmers University|Chalmers ** University of Stuttgart|Stuttgart ** TU Delft|TU Delft ** L'Aquila|L'Aquila * DS:Content ** Category:Experiments|Experiments ** Category:Models|Models ** Category:Calculations|Calculations ** Category:Info|Knowledge Base * SEARCH * TOOLBOX * LANGUAGES 5508b24d0271bc2ac8b811e6e16539786fecde96 706 702 2021-12-13T20:58:50Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki * navigation ** mainpage|mainpage-description ** recentchanges-url|recentchanges ** randompage-url|randompage * SEM Wikis ** Dynamic Substructuring Wiki (DS)|DS Wiki ** Dynamic Environments Wiki|DE Wiki * DS:Contributors ** Atomic Weapons Establishment|AWE ** BYU|BYU ** Sandia National Laboratories|Sandia Labs ** Wisconsin|Wisconsin ** Chalmers University|Chalmers ** University of Stuttgart|Stuttgart ** TU Delft|TU Delft ** L'Aquila|L'Aquila * DS:Content ** Category:Experiments|Experiments ** Category:Models|Models ** Category:Calculations|Calculations ** Category:Info|Knowledge Base * SEARCH * TOOLBOX * LANGUAGES e9a7417a022ba255e32e0fc0a934c9776a28e91e 0 222 698 2021-04-28T19:31:12Z Nuno 47 Created page with "Welcome to the SEM/IMAC Wiki Page." wikitext text/x-wiki Welcome to the SEM/IMAC Wiki Page. be1764364d0ce9cd613392b5d88c28f25bc8c0ff 6 138 699 445 2021-04-29T06:11:20Z Mywikis 46 Disclaimer wikitext text/x-wiki Note: Image actually located at <code>130,6 1,1672.JPG</code> be67bc08158838fa70c28e8a28f4db20d4e695e3 0 223 704 2021-12-13T20:53:41Z Mallen 48 Created page with "'''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division's Wiki.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == M..." wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division's Wiki.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[Test Bed Information]] | Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[:Category:Info|Knowledge Base]] | This is a place to collect information that may be helpful to others in the substructuring community. == Knowledge Base (Including Tutorials on Substructuring) == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link [[IMAC_Substr_Papers|Substructuring Papers in IMAC]] | List of all of the papers from IMAC proceedings in substructuring related sessions [[Bibliography]] | Here is a list of links to conference and journal papers about dynamic substructuring, with space for notes from the authors. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. To request access contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. == About the Focus Group == The Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' [http://sem.org/imac International Modal Analysis Conference] each year. The group is led by * Chair: Matt Allen ([http://byusdrg.com Brigham Young University]) * Vice Chair: Walter D'Ambrogio (http://www.ing.univaq.it/personale/scheda_personale.php?codice=132) * Secretary: Daniel Roettgen ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) and * Historian: Maarten van der Seijs ([https://www.vibestechnology.com/ Vibes Technology) * Past Chair: Andreas Linderholt (https://lnu.se/en/staff/andreas.linderholt/) * Past/Past Chair: Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]). This Wiki is maintained by Matt Allen's research group. ef3ae2df4cf57e3aa3f7484233c22b7cef24b6b0 0 2 707 3 2021-12-13T21:02:34Z Mallen 48 Removed redirect to [[Dynamic Substructuring Wiki]] wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to SEM's Wiki Site''' Below you can find links to the Wikis that are maintained by various Technical Divisions and Focus Groups within SEM. The "Getting Started" section explains how to create and edit pages and add content to a Wiki. Once your Technical Division gives you editing permission, you can log in as an editor using your SEM login. == SEM Wikis == [[Dynamic Substructuring Wiki (DS)]] | Description... [[Dynamic Environments Wiki]] | Description == Getting Started (for contributors) == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. To request access contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. <!--Old code that redirected this page to the substructuring WIKI.--> <!--#REDIRECT [[Dynamic Substructuring Wiki]]--> fbe0d6a7b84a51c54167ee40ff18dad102b9a842 0 2 708 707 2021-12-13T21:05:11Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to SEM's Wiki Site''' Below you can find links to the Wikis that are maintained by various Technical Divisions and Focus Groups within SEM. The "Getting Started" section explains how to create and edit pages and add content to a Wiki. See below for information on how to become a contributor. == SEM Wikis == [[Dynamic Substructuring Wiki (DS)]] | Description... [[Dynamic Environments Wiki]] | Description == Getting Started (for contributors) == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. If you wish to become a contributor, first seek the approval of the appropriate technical division [https://sem.org/technicaldivisions], then contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. You can log in as an editor using your SEM login. <!--Old code that redirected this page to the substructuring WIKI.--> <!--#REDIRECT [[Dynamic Substructuring Wiki]]--> cee42dad212b20bb4569a6d7057b6e532bf8953e 713 708 2021-12-13T21:53:21Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to SEM's Wiki Site''' Below you can find links to the Wikis that are maintained by various Technical Divisions and Focus Groups within SEM. The "Getting Started" section explains how to create and edit pages and add content to a Wiki. See below for information on how to become a contributor. == SEM Wikis == [[Dynamic Substructuring Wiki (DS)]] | Description... [[Dynamic Environments Wiki]] | Description * [[Smart Dynamic Testing COP]] | This is a cool community of practice... == Getting Started (for contributors) == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. If you wish to become a contributor, first seek the approval of the appropriate technical division [https://sem.org/technicaldivisions], then contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. You can log in as an editor using your SEM login. <!--Old code that redirected this page to the substructuring WIKI.--> <!--#REDIRECT [[Dynamic Substructuring Wiki]]--> 772688c6fea8c2f6f29b4bd894186087d8d53511 715 713 2021-12-13T21:56:14Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to SEM's Wiki Site''' Below you can find links to the Wikis that are maintained by various Technical Divisions and Focus Groups within SEM. The "Getting Started" section explains how to create and edit pages and add content to a Wiki. See below for information on how to become a contributor. == SEM Wikis == [[Dynamic Substructuring Wiki]] | Description... [[Dynamic Environments Wiki]] | Description * [[Smart Dynamic Testing COP]] | This is a cool community of practice... == Getting Started (for contributors) == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. If you wish to become a contributor, first seek the approval of the appropriate technical division [https://sem.org/technicaldivisions], then contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. You can log in as an editor using your SEM login. <!--Old code that redirected this page to the substructuring WIKI.--> <!--#REDIRECT [[Dynamic Substructuring Wiki]]--> b5b1b42ca76aebf70f16a066c208fe03f7c81d51 716 715 2021-12-13T22:02:52Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to SEM's Wiki Site''' Below you can find links to the Wikis that are maintained by various Technical Divisions and Focus Groups within SEM. The "Getting Started" section explains how to create and edit pages and add content to a Wiki. See below for information on how to become a contributor. == SEM Wikis == [[Dynamic Substructuring Wiki]] | Description... [[Dynamic Environments Wiki]] | Description * [[Smart Dynamic Testing COP]] | This is a cool community of practice... [[File:AWEBladeScan.png]] == Getting Started (for contributors) == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. If you wish to become a contributor, first seek the approval of the appropriate technical division [https://sem.org/technicaldivisions], then contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. You can log in as an editor using your SEM login. <!--Old code that redirected this page to the substructuring WIKI.--> <!--#REDIRECT [[Dynamic Substructuring Wiki]]--> 3f9517da65526c002dc845c8a862081338d288cd 718 716 2021-12-13T22:08:49Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to SEM's Wiki Site''' Below you can find links to the Wikis that are maintained by various Technical Divisions and Focus Groups within SEM. The "Getting Started" section explains how to create and edit pages and add content to a Wiki. See below for information on how to become a contributor. == SEM Wikis == [[Dynamic Substructuring Wiki]] | Description... [[Dynamic Environments Wiki]] | Description * [[Smart Dynamic Testing COP]] | This is a cool community of practice... [[File:MSA_HikingPicture.jpg]] == Getting Started (for contributors) == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. If you wish to become a contributor, first seek the approval of the appropriate technical division [https://sem.org/technicaldivisions], then contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. You can log in as an editor using your SEM login. <!--Old code that redirected this page to the substructuring WIKI.--> <!--#REDIRECT [[Dynamic Substructuring Wiki]]--> 1be46dee3e247d5d1a3033311da45da0b497da88 719 718 2021-12-13T22:09:05Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to SEM's Wiki Site''' Below you can find links to the Wikis that are maintained by various Technical Divisions and Focus Groups within SEM. The "Getting Started" section explains how to create and edit pages and add content to a Wiki. See below for information on how to become a contributor. == SEM Wikis == [[Dynamic Substructuring Wiki]] | Description... [[Dynamic Environments Wiki]] | Description * [[Smart Dynamic Testing COP]] | This is a cool community of practice... [[File:MSA_HikingPicture.jpg|300px]] == Getting Started (for contributors) == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. If you wish to become a contributor, first seek the approval of the appropriate technical division [https://sem.org/technicaldivisions], then contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. You can log in as an editor using your SEM login. <!--Old code that redirected this page to the substructuring WIKI.--> <!--#REDIRECT [[Dynamic Substructuring Wiki]]--> fc690c8a729d3759c718526f29b84ea80ac97764 722 719 2022-01-28T19:16:36Z Randall Mayes 49 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to SEM's Wiki Site''' Below you can find links to the Wikis that are maintained by various Technical Divisions and Focus Groups within SEM. The "Getting Started" section explains how to create and edit pages and add content to a Wiki. See below for information on how to become a contributor. == SEM Wikis == '''Technical Divisions''' [[Dynamic Substructuring Wiki]] | Description... '''Focus Groups''' [[Dynamic Environments Wiki]] | Description [[Smart Dynamic Testing COP]] | Description [[File:MSA_HikingPicture.jpg|300px]] == Getting Started (for contributors) == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. If you wish to become a contributor, first seek the approval of the appropriate technical division [https://sem.org/technicaldivisions], then contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. You can log in as an editor using your SEM login. <!--Old code that redirected this page to the substructuring WIKI.--> <!--#REDIRECT [[Dynamic Substructuring Wiki]]--> c5ea7eab28294cf567f78bd0aa1547079e868b94 747 722 2022-02-04T00:12:25Z Randall Mayes 49 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to SEM's Wiki Site''' Below you can find links to the Wikis that are maintained by various Technical Divisions and Focus Groups within SEM. The "Getting Started" section explains how to create and edit pages and add content to a Wiki. See below for information on how to become a contributor. == SEM Wikis == '''Technical Divisions''' [[Dynamic Substructuring Wiki]] | Description... '''Focus Groups''' [[Dynamic Environments Wiki]] | Description [[Smart Dynamic Testing COP]] | A Community of Practice to advance the technical basis for industrial shock and vibration qualification [[File:MSA_HikingPicture.jpg|300px]] == Getting Started (for contributors) == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. If you wish to become a contributor, first seek the approval of the appropriate technical division [https://sem.org/technicaldivisions], then contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. You can log in as an editor using your SEM login. <!--Old code that redirected this page to the substructuring WIKI.--> <!--#REDIRECT [[Dynamic Substructuring Wiki]]--> e259e4f13af01c34b6bf4f27713088489b5a0e08 748 747 2022-02-04T00:13:59Z Randall Mayes 49 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to SEM's Wiki Site''' Below you can find links to the Wikis that are maintained by various Technical Divisions and Focus Groups within SEM. The "Getting Started" section explains how to create and edit pages and add content to a Wiki. See below for information on how to become a contributor. == SEM Wikis == '''Technical Divisions''' [[Dynamic Substructuring Wiki]] | Description... [[Dynamic Environments Wiki]] | Description '''Focus Groups''' [[Smart Dynamic Testing COP]] | A Community of Practice to advance the technical basis for industrial shock and vibration qualification [[File:MSA_HikingPicture.jpg|300px]] == Getting Started (for contributors) == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. If you wish to become a contributor, first seek the approval of the appropriate technical division [https://sem.org/technicaldivisions], then contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. You can log in as an editor using your SEM login. <!--Old code that redirected this page to the substructuring WIKI.--> <!--#REDIRECT [[Dynamic Substructuring Wiki]]--> c8448576096f43067872f48ad6404e2a53b213bc 749 748 2022-02-04T00:15:07Z Randall Mayes 49 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to SEM's Wiki Site''' Below you can find links to the Wikis that are maintained by various Technical Divisions and Focus Groups within SEM. The "Getting Started" section explains how to create and edit pages and add content to a Wiki. See below for information on how to become a contributor. == SEM Wikis == '''Technical Divisions''' [[Dynamic Substructuring Wiki]] | Description... '''Focus Groups''' [[Dynamic Environments Wiki]] | Description [[Smart Dynamic Testing COP]] | A Community of Practice to advance the technical basis for industrial shock and vibration qualification [[File:MSA_HikingPicture.jpg|300px]] == Getting Started (for contributors) == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. If you wish to become a contributor, first seek the approval of the appropriate technical division [https://sem.org/technicaldivisions], then contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. You can log in as an editor using your SEM login. <!--Old code that redirected this page to the substructuring WIKI.--> <!--#REDIRECT [[Dynamic Substructuring Wiki]]--> e259e4f13af01c34b6bf4f27713088489b5a0e08 751 749 2022-02-04T00:38:33Z Randall Mayes 49 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to SEM's Wiki Site''' Below you can find links to the Wikis that are maintained by various Technical Divisions and Focus Groups within SEM. The "Getting Started" section explains how to create and edit pages and add content to a Wiki. See below for information on how to become a contributor. == SEM Wikis == '''Technical Divisions''' [[Dynamic Substructuring Wiki]] | Description... '''Focus Groups''' [[Dynamic Environments Wiki]] | Researchers focused on specifications, test methods and modeling for shock and vibration qualification [[Smart Dynamic Testing COP]] | A Community of Practice focused on improving industrial vibration and shock qualification through a technical basis that increases reliability while decreasing cost, schedule and risk [[File:MSA_HikingPicture.jpg|300px]] == Getting Started (for contributors) == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. If you wish to become a contributor, first seek the approval of the appropriate technical division [https://sem.org/technicaldivisions], then contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. You can log in as an editor using your SEM login. <!--Old code that redirected this page to the substructuring WIKI.--> <!--#REDIRECT [[Dynamic Substructuring Wiki]]--> 8b84adbc29c4f858a4f2162ed0a1fc4cbd1f68b9 752 751 2022-02-04T00:39:55Z Randall Mayes 49 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to SEM's Wiki Site''' Below you can find links to the Wikis that are maintained by various Technical Divisions and Focus Groups within SEM. The "Getting Started" section explains how to create and edit pages and add content to a Wiki. See below for information on how to become a contributor. == SEM Wikis == '''Technical Divisions''' [[Dynamic Substructuring Wiki]] | Description... '''Focus Groups''' [[Dynamic Environments Wiki]] | Researchers focused on specifications, test methods and modeling for shock and vibration qualification [[Smart Dynamic Testing COP]] | A Community of Practice focused on improving industrial vibration and shock qualification through a technical basis that increases reliability while decreasing cost, schedule and risk == Getting Started (for contributors) == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. If you wish to become a contributor, first seek the approval of the appropriate technical division [https://sem.org/technicaldivisions], then contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. You can log in as an editor using your SEM login. <!--Old code that redirected this page to the substructuring WIKI.--> <!--#REDIRECT [[Dynamic Substructuring Wiki]]--> fb7eb8f7b0e6cd8d5b7edc4e2f0655d61b4bd414 753 752 2022-02-06T00:24:32Z Randall Mayes 49 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to SEM's Wiki Site''' Below you can find links to the Wikis that are maintained by various Technical Divisions and Focus Groups within SEM. The "Getting Started" section explains how to create and edit pages and add content to a Wiki. See below for information on how to become a contributor. == SEM Wikis == '''Technical Divisions''' [[Dynamic Environments Testing Wiki]] | Researchers focused on specifications, test methods and modeling for shock and vibration qualification [[Dynamic Substructuring Wiki]] | Description... '''Focus Groups''' [[Smart Dynamic Testing COP]] | A Community of Practice focused on improving industrial vibration and shock qualification through a technical basis that increases reliability while decreasing cost, schedule and risk == Getting Started (for contributors) == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. If you wish to become a contributor, first seek the approval of the appropriate technical division [https://sem.org/technicaldivisions], then contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. You can log in as an editor using your SEM login. <!--Old code that redirected this page to the substructuring WIKI.--> <!--#REDIRECT [[Dynamic Substructuring Wiki]]--> 5ad71d81d6b6c4d9538e51517ae977eeab7c6a28 754 753 2022-02-06T00:31:34Z Randall Mayes 49 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to SEM's Wiki Site''' Below you can find links to the Wikis that are maintained by various Technical Divisions and Focus Groups within SEM. The "Getting Started" section explains how to create and edit pages and add content to a Wiki. See below for information on how to become a contributor. == SEM Wikis == '''Technical Divisions''' [[Dynamic Environments Wiki]] | Researchers focused on specifications, test methods and modeling for shock and vibration qualification [[Dynamic Substructuring Wiki]] | Description... '''Focus Groups''' [[Smart Dynamic Testing COP]] | A Community of Practice focused on improving industrial vibration and shock qualification through a technical basis that increases reliability while decreasing cost, schedule and risk == Getting Started (for contributors) == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. If you wish to become a contributor, first seek the approval of the appropriate technical division [https://sem.org/technicaldivisions], then contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. You can log in as an editor using your SEM login. <!--Old code that redirected this page to the substructuring WIKI.--> <!--#REDIRECT [[Dynamic Substructuring Wiki]]--> a00839bc020c710678ffdb40040a9d2e7f794b9b 8 4 709 706 2021-12-13T21:06:34Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki * navigation ** mainpage|mainpage-description ** recentchanges-url|recentchanges ** randompage-url|randompage * SEM Wikis ** Dynamic Substructuring Wiki|DS Wiki ** Dynamic Environments Wiki|DE Wiki * DS:Contributors ** Atomic Weapons Establishment|AWE ** BYU|BYU ** Sandia National Laboratories|Sandia Labs ** Wisconsin|Wisconsin ** Chalmers University|Chalmers ** University of Stuttgart|Stuttgart ** TU Delft|TU Delft ** L'Aquila|L'Aquila * DS:Content ** Category:Experiments|Experiments ** Category:Models|Models ** Category:Calculations|Calculations ** Category:Info|Knowledge Base * SEARCH * TOOLBOX * LANGUAGES b6af2468eefab9b79e4563ae776dc54d4007b4aa 714 709 2021-12-13T21:54:53Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki * navigation ** mainpage|mainpage-description ** recentchanges-url|recentchanges ** randompage-url|randompage * SEM Wikis ** Dynamic Substructuring Wiki|DS Wiki ** Dynamic Environments Wiki|DE Wiki * DS:Content ** Category:Experiments|Experiments ** Category:Models|Models ** Category:Calculations|Calculations ** Category:Info|Knowledge Base * SEARCH * TOOLBOX * LANGUAGES 6623279b642a635a0055699654841cca20c1c652 756 714 2022-02-07T18:54:50Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki * navigation ** mainpage|mainpage-description ** recentchanges-url|recentchanges ** randompage-url|randompage * SEM Wikis ** Dynamic Substructuring Wiki|Dynamic Substructuring (DS) ** Dynamic Environments Wiki|Dynamic Environments (DE) * DS:Content ** Category:Experiments|Experiments ** Category:Models|Models ** Category:Calculations|Calculations ** Category:Info|Knowledge Base * SEARCH * TOOLBOX * LANGUAGES 55f4905c85826c223022fcfa7fc0345d7ab812dc 0 217 710 705 2021-12-13T21:07:13Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division's Wiki.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Dynamic Substructuring Wiki:Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[Test Bed Information]] | Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[:Category:Info|Knowledge Base]] | This is a place to collect information that may be helpful to others in the substructuring community. == Knowledge Base (Including Tutorials on Substructuring) == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link [[IMAC_Substr_Papers|Substructuring Papers in IMAC]] | List of all of the papers from IMAC proceedings in substructuring related sessions [[Bibliography]] | Here is a list of links to conference and journal papers about dynamic substructuring, with space for notes from the authors. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. To request access contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. == About the Focus Group == The Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' [http://sem.org/imac International Modal Analysis Conference] each year. The group is led by * Chair: Matt Allen ([http://byusdrg.com Brigham Young University]) * Vice Chair: Walter D'Ambrogio (http://www.ing.univaq.it/personale/scheda_personale.php?codice=132) * Secretary: Daniel Roettgen ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) and * Historian: Maarten van der Seijs ([https://www.vibestechnology.com/ Vibes Technology) * Past Chair: Andreas Linderholt (https://lnu.se/en/staff/andreas.linderholt/) * Past/Past Chair: Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]). This Wiki is maintained by Matt Allen's research group. [[DSWiki]] c321d4d8df0dd7b01a59a2cf1b131a61d85c68ac 711 710 2021-12-13T21:08:26Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division's Wiki.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Dynamic Substructuring Wiki:Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[Test Bed Information]] | Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[:Category:Info|Knowledge Base]] | This is a place to collect information that may be helpful to others in the substructuring community. == Knowledge Base (Including Tutorials on Substructuring) == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link [[IMAC_Substr_Papers|Substructuring Papers in IMAC]] | List of all of the papers from IMAC proceedings in substructuring related sessions [[Bibliography]] | Here is a list of links to conference and journal papers about dynamic substructuring, with space for notes from the authors. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. To request access contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. == About the Dynamic Substructures Technical Division == The Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' [http://sem.org/imac International Modal Analysis Conference] each year. The group is led by * Chair: Matt Allen ([http://byusdrg.com Brigham Young University]) * Vice Chair: Walter D'Ambrogio (http://www.ing.univaq.it/personale/scheda_personale.php?codice=132) * Secretary: Daniel Roettgen ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) and * Historian: Maarten van der Seijs ([https://www.vibestechnology.com/ Vibes Technology) * Past Chair: Andreas Linderholt (https://lnu.se/en/staff/andreas.linderholt/) * Past/Past Chair: Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]). This Wiki is maintained by Matt Allen's research group. a193c9d8d4f4ec8dc19328a1616aab20d11a59c1 0 224 712 2021-12-13T21:50:41Z Randall Mayes 49 Created page with "Hello Cool People" wikitext text/x-wiki Hello Cool People 91c4a715989232824f88590d4a4024233776a9a7 750 712 2022-02-04T00:28:41Z Randall Mayes 49 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC Dynamic Dynamic Environments Wiki.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Dynamic Environments Wiki:Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[Test Bed Information]] | Here is information on the Box and Removable Component (BARC) testbed [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on the BARC test bed. | [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors == Knowledge Base (Including Tutorials on Dynamic Environments) == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link [[IMAC_DE_Papers|Dynamic Environments Papers in IMAC]] | List of all of the papers from IMAC proceedings in Dynamic Environments sessions [[Bibliography]] | Here is a list of links to other conference and journal papers about Dynamic Environments, with space for notes from the authors. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. To request access contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. == About the Dynamic Environment Focus Group == The Dynamic Environments Focus Group is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' [http://sem.org/imac International Modal Analysis Conference] each year. The group is led informally by Tyler Schoenherr, Julie Harvie, Troy Skousen (When it becomes a TD add the following * Chair: * Vice Chair: * Secretary: * Historian: * Past Chair: This Wiki was initiated by Randy Mayes 93d551de0aabedbe674c7c630f014743e35b1e9c 755 750 2022-02-06T00:35:41Z Randall Mayes 49 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC Dynamic Environments Testing Wiki.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Dynamic Environments Wiki:Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[Test Bed Information]] | Here is information on the Box and Removable Component (BARC) testbed [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on the BARC test bed. | [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors == Knowledge Base (Including Tutorials on Dynamic Environments) == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link [[IMAC_DE_Papers|Dynamic Environments Papers in IMAC]] | List of all of the papers from IMAC proceedings in Dynamic Environments sessions [[Bibliography]] | Here is a list of links to other conference and journal papers about Dynamic Environments, with space for notes from the authors. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. To request access contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. == About the Dynamic Environment Testing Technical Division == The Dynamic Environments Testing technical division is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' [http://sem.org/imac International Modal Analysis Conference] each year. The groups officers are * Chair: * Vice Chair: * Secretary: * Historian: * Past Chair: This Wiki was initiated by Randy Mayes 258a8654aac184f0ff18195d2cb636375d6f335f 0 10 720 682 2021-12-14T14:42:19Z Nuno 47 /* Available Infomration */ wikitext text/x-wiki The test bed that the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen is an Ampair 600 Wind Turbine. This turbine was purchased and then modified to decrease the nonlinearities in the system. == Ampair 600 Wind Turbine == [[File:FullTurbine.png|200px|right|Ampair 600 Turbine]] The Ampair 600 Wind Turbine we are working with is the stock wind turbine with some of the electrical 'guts' removed, and replaced with solid masses. The tail has also been replaced with a smaller version. The turbine hub and nacelle are fixed to a flag pole which is fixed to a large mass. This large mass is then floating on a trampoline to simulate a free-free test condition. More information can be found here: [[:File:Substructuring_Testbed_Assembly_Instructions.pdf|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:TestBedPoster.pdf|Testbed Poster]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! ==Available Information== *Models **[[Atomic_Weapons_Establishment|AWE Scanned Geometry Model]] **[[University_of_Stuttgart|FEM Solver Input Files from Stuttgart]] **[[L%27Aquila|Geometry Step File from L'Aquila]] *Experimental Data **[[Wisconsin|Various Experimental Datasets from UW-Madison]] **[[Chalmers_University|Testing and Characterization of several blades by Chalmers University]] **[[Sandia_National_Laboratories|Experimental Data from Sandia National Labs]] [[Category:AmpAir]] 541740c3738a44e82b29c655cd218dd7dd88c099 0 226 723 2022-01-28T19:21:46Z Randall Mayes 49 Created page with "'''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC Smart Dynamic Testing Community of Practice's Wiki.''' In this space we strive to motivate Smart Dynamic Testing for industrial applications. Smar..." wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC Smart Dynamic Testing Community of Practice's Wiki.''' In this space we strive to motivate Smart Dynamic Testing for industrial applications. Smart Dynamic Testing provides a technical basis that will reduce cost, schedule and risk and increase reliability for dynamic qualification of components and systems. == Smart Dynamic Testing Community of Practice Wiki:Main Pages == [[:Category:Members|Members]] | Here is a list of the members who have participated in the in-person and on-line meeting in the 2018-2021 time frame. [[:Category:White Papers]] | Here are the white papers and survey results that express the industrial needs the Community of Practice has identified. [[:Category:Meeting Minutes]] | Here are the meeting minutes. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. To request access contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. == About the Smart Dynamic Testing Community of Practice == The Smart Dynamic Testing Community of Practice is a group of industrial dynamicists and university researchers originally organized by Professor David Ewins of Imperial College who were seeing industrial needs for shock and vibration qualification being poorly met. The earliest meetings were a workshop in Arlington, Virginia (2018) and IMAC in 2019. Jason Foley from the Air Force Research Lab suggested an industry survey of needs and resulting white papers outlining shorter term research areas. Professor Pablo Tarazaga (now moved to Texas A&M) led efforts at Virginia Tech for an industrial survey of shock and vibration needs. Matt Allen has provided administrative leadership and been editor of one of the white papers. Randy Mayes (retired from Sandia National Laboratories) edited another white paper. Ewins, Tarazaga and Mayes made contributions to the original white paper defining the overarching initial needs for Smart Dynamic Testing. The participating organizations defining areas of need from the industrial survey were the Atomic Weapons Establishment (UK), Air Force Research Labs (USA), Fronhauffer (Germany), Ministry of Defence (UK), National Air and Space Administration (USA), National Security Campus (USA Department of Energy), Naval Surface Warfare Center (USA), Redstone Arsenal (US Army), Rolls Royce Jet Engines (UK), Sandia National Laboratories (USA Department of Energy). Randy Mayes originated this page for the SEM wiki. baf196e5e08007bb45935a43960ff98fc27f331c 732 723 2022-01-28T23:41:11Z Randall Mayes 49 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC Smart Dynamic Testing Community of Practice's Wiki.''' In this space we strive to motivate Smart Dynamic Testing for industrial applications. Smart Dynamic Testing provides a technical basis that will reduce cost, schedule and risk and increase reliability for dynamic qualification of components and systems. == Smart Dynamic Testing Community of Practice Wiki:Main Pages == [[:Category:Members|Members]] | Here is a list of the members who have participated in the in-person and on-line meeting in the 2018-2021 time frame. [[:Category:White Papers|White Papers]] | Here are the white papers and survey results that express the industrial needs the Community of Practice has identified. [[:Category:Meeting Minutes|Meeting Minutes]] | Here are the meeting minutes. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. To request access contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. == About the Smart Dynamic Testing Community of Practice == The Smart Dynamic Testing Community of Practice is a group of industrial dynamicists and university researchers originally organized by Professor David Ewins of Imperial College who were seeing industrial needs for shock and vibration qualification being poorly met. The earliest meetings were a workshop in Arlington, Virginia (2018) and IMAC in 2019. Jason Foley from the Air Force Research Lab suggested an industry survey of needs and resulting white papers outlining shorter term research areas. Professor Pablo Tarazaga (now moved to Texas A&M) led efforts at Virginia Tech for an industrial survey of shock and vibration needs. Matt Allen has provided administrative leadership and been editor of one of the white papers. Randy Mayes (retired from Sandia National Laboratories) edited another white paper. Ewins, Tarazaga and Mayes made contributions to the original white paper defining the overarching initial needs for Smart Dynamic Testing. The participating organizations defining areas of need from the industrial survey were the Atomic Weapons Establishment (UK), Air Force Research Labs (USA), Fronhauffer (Germany), Ministry of Defence (UK), National Air and Space Administration (USA), National Security Campus (USA Department of Energy), Naval Surface Warfare Center (USA), Redstone Arsenal (US Army), Rolls Royce Jet Engines (UK), Sandia National Laboratories (USA Department of Energy). Randy Mayes originated this page for the SEM wiki. bfbe219c6b7decdc672eb624ec08e6aeca9744c1 6 227 724 2022-01-28T19:27:57Z Randall Mayes 49 Introduction to Smart Dynamic Testing Community and Survey Results wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == Introduction to Smart Dynamic Testing Community and Survey Results 21c1bdd60918f30433544001ba170afe2ca97ab8 14 228 725 2022-01-28T19:40:31Z Randall Mayes 49 Created page with "'''White Papers'''" wikitext text/x-wiki '''White Papers''' caf6de724126bc199efb054aced2e06772f79f59 726 725 2022-01-28T21:08:56Z Randall Mayes 49 wikitext text/x-wiki '''WHITE PAPERS''' Review of Current Practice and Proposals for Development in Smart Dynamic Testing [[:Category:Review]] Advanced Single Degree of Freedom Shaker Qualification: A White Paper on the Near-Term Benefit of Proposed Technical Research October 2021 [[:Category:AdvancedSDOF]] 0d5acf00d6206ab7693a86d63cab3c16bb2d9033 731 726 2022-01-28T21:23:35Z Randall Mayes 49 wikitext text/x-wiki '''WHITE PAPERS''' [[:Category:Review]] Click here to see REVIEW OF CURRENT PRACTICE AND PROPOSALS FOR DEVELOPMENTS IN SMART DYNAMIC TESTING [[:Category:AdvancedSDOF]] Click here to see Advanced Single Degree of Freedom Shaker Qualification: A White Paper on the Near-Term Benefit of Proposed Technical Research October 2021 7c2130343d3990e4e320904393f816b6d25c7722 733 731 2022-01-28T23:44:23Z Randall Mayes 49 wikitext text/x-wiki '''WHITE PAPERS''' [[:Category:Review|Review of Current Practice and Proposals for Developments in Smart Dynamic Testing]] [[:Category:AdvancedSDOF|Advanced Single Degree of Freedom Shaker Qualification: A White Paper on the Near-Term Benefit of Proposed Technical Research October 2021]] 66f8d8a333a4c90017ee0ea332d4bdde4e49ac35 741 733 2022-02-03T23:48:34Z Randall Mayes 49 wikitext text/x-wiki '''WHITE PAPERS''' [[:Category:Review|Review of Current Practice and Proposals for Developments in Smart Dynamic Testing]] [[:Category:AdvancedSDOF|Advanced Single Degree of Freedom Shaker Qualification: A White Paper on the Near-Term Benefit of Proposed Technical Research October 2021]] [[:Category:Fixture Design | Systematic Fixture Design to Address Deficiencies in Dynamic Environmental Testing]] 8bdb3133e4b6acd147fa9ce8a7a5aa6f2165e022 14 229 727 2022-01-28T21:10:52Z Randall Mayes 49 Created page with "== Review of Current Practice and Proposals for Development in Smart Dynamic Testing == [[File:SDT CoP QuestAnalysis v20.pdf]]" wikitext text/x-wiki == Review of Current Practice and Proposals for Development in Smart Dynamic Testing == [[File:SDT CoP QuestAnalysis v20.pdf]] 986430671a70d5601b5d916f2267a599128f824f 740 727 2022-02-03T23:44:28Z Randall Mayes 49 wikitext text/x-wiki == Review of Current Practice and Proposals for Development in Smart Dynamic Testing == [[https://mywikis-wiki-media.s3.us-central-1.wasabisys.com/sem/SDT_CoP_QuestAnalysis_v20.pdf Click here to read or download the white paper.]] 79fac86bb1be62003bda85e5c21bb9a1b7748dbb 14 230 728 2022-01-28T21:13:37Z Randall Mayes 49 Created page with "Advanced Single Degree of Freedom Shaker Qualification: A White Paper on the Near-Term Benefit of Proposed Technical Research October 2021" wikitext text/x-wiki Advanced Single Degree of Freedom Shaker Qualification: A White Paper on the Near-Term Benefit of Proposed Technical Research October 2021 c08a8083fafdeba31892bb4a979ca483873f3d42 730 728 2022-01-28T21:18:40Z Randall Mayes 49 wikitext text/x-wiki Advanced Single Degree of Freedom Shaker Qualification: A White Paper on the Near-Term Benefit of Proposed Technical Research October 2021 [[File:SDTCoP WP1 v7.pdf]] 8f89412947a73bbf4037f64e69212b3bab23ab19 734 730 2022-01-29T00:11:11Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki Advanced Single Degree of Freedom Shaker Qualification: A White Paper on the Near-Term Benefit of Proposed Technical Research October 2021 [[File:SDTCoP WP1 v7.pdf]] 8c1eb4204b474183855b83c74919d1c50d7cca37 735 734 2022-01-29T00:11:47Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki Advanced Single Degree of Freedom Shaker Qualification: A White Paper on the Near-Term Benefit of Proposed Technical Research October 2021 [[https://mywikis-wiki-media.s3.us-central-1.wasabisys.com/sem/SDTCoP_WP1_v7.pdf]] [[File:SDTCoP WP1 v7.pdf]] a7c42bb6310dcb09400f1949bf4d480b3158ca9b 736 735 2022-01-29T00:12:55Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki Advanced Single Degree of Freedom Shaker Qualification: A White Paper on the Near-Term Benefit of Proposed Technical Research October 2021 [[https://mywikis-wiki-media.s3.us-central-1.wasabisys.com/sem/SDTCoP_WP1_v7.pdf Click here to download the white paper.]] [[File:SDTCoP WP1 v7.pdf]] 1e5d7bfb8f6dff2f1efb862675de2b0ffef3c4a2 739 736 2022-02-03T23:38:10Z Randall Mayes 49 wikitext text/x-wiki Advanced Single Degree of Freedom Shaker Qualification: A White Paper on the Near-Term Benefit of Proposed Technical Research October 2021 [[https://mywikis-wiki-media.s3.us-central-1.wasabisys.com/sem/SDTCoP_WP1_v7.pdf Click here to read or download the white paper.]] 49a84f783b9a51860a4b1d718c055b8a64ba01b7 6 231 729 2022-01-28T21:16:24Z Randall Mayes 49 Single Axis Vibration areas for fruitful near term research wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == Single Axis Vibration areas for fruitful near term research 9e861ad486fb5db3a0d497904e45d9455efc6d65 14 232 737 2022-01-29T00:29:40Z Randall Mayes 49 Created page with "'''Members'''" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Members''' 604878d11539a48419b9ed906e8581d0644d066b 6 233 738 2022-01-29T00:32:10Z Randall Mayes 49 [[Category:Members]] wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == [[Category:Members]] 732a718af8655176116e3f66386080e01fe04787 14 234 742 2022-02-03T23:52:28Z Randall Mayes 49 Created page with "Systematic Fixture Design to Address Deficiencies in Dynamic Environmental Testing Click here to read or download the white paper" wikitext text/x-wiki Systematic Fixture Design to Address Deficiencies in Dynamic Environmental Testing Click here to read or download the white paper f3a631dbf89ff89155df82c99dd0b0ed8ab5517e 744 742 2022-02-04T00:01:54Z Randall Mayes 49 wikitext text/x-wiki Systematic Fixture Design to Address Deficiencies in Dynamic Environmental Testing [[https://mywikis-wiki-media.s3.us-central-1.wasabisys.com/sem/SDT_CoP_SP2_v6.pdf Click here to read or download the white paper.]] 27a17003e8b0d13ab6a7a738bba12c2bbc9ef259 745 744 2022-02-04T00:04:31Z Randall Mayes 49 wikitext text/x-wiki Systematic Fixture Design to Address Deficiencies in Dynamic Environmental Testing [[File:SDT_CoP_SP2_v6.pdf]] 84809c90ad75c927a456104b56299cae2d1e017c 746 745 2022-02-04T00:07:42Z Randall Mayes 49 wikitext text/x-wiki Systematic Fixture Design to Address Deficiencies in Dynamic Environmental Testing [[https://mywikis-wiki-media.s3.us-central-1.wasabisys.com/sem/SDTCoP_WP2_v6.pdf Click here to read or download the white paper.]] fc926a5db5e0d908da2c06d05ad9120a9e2c2473 6 235 743 2022-02-03T23:53:40Z Randall Mayes 49 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 138 757 699 2022-02-11T18:59:08Z Mallen 48 Mallen uploaded a new version of [[File:130,6 1,1672%.JPG]] wikitext text/x-wiki Note: Image actually located at <code>130,6 1,1672.JPG</code> be67bc08158838fa70c28e8a28f4db20d4e695e3 6 40 758 57 2022-02-15T22:11:02Z Mallen 48 Mallen uploaded a new version of [[File:UW Full Turbine Test 1.rar]] wikitext text/x-wiki '''NOTICE:''' '''This file is a *.rar file of 20M size. It was uploaded as a temporary text file, so the information is wrong.''' 1e5045e4b35e338eca670a2a01f12db78d75a327 6 236 759 2022-02-15T22:32:40Z Mallen 48 Contains UFF wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == Contains UFF 949c18a83bed4166c03a5011515b5c754bf7b3e0 6 79 760 124 2022-02-15T22:45:41Z Mallen 48 Mallen uploaded a new version of [[File:UW MLBlade Mode 3.jpg]] wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 80 761 125 2022-02-15T22:46:13Z Mallen 48 Mallen uploaded a new version of [[File:UW MLBlade Mode 4.jpg]] wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 84 762 129 2022-02-15T22:54:49Z Mallen 48 Mallen uploaded a new version of [[File:UW FullTurbine Mode 2.jpg]] wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 90 763 135 2022-02-16T15:39:02Z Mallen 48 Mallen uploaded a new version of [[File:UW FullTurbine Mode 8.jpg]] wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 237 764 2022-02-16T15:48:57Z Mallen 48 Contains UFF wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == Contains UFF 949c18a83bed4166c03a5011515b5c754bf7b3e0 6 238 765 2022-02-16T15:52:03Z Mallen 48 Contains UFF wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == Contains UFF 949c18a83bed4166c03a5011515b5c754bf7b3e0 6 239 766 2022-02-16T15:59:19Z Mallen 48 Contains UFF wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == Contains UFF 949c18a83bed4166c03a5011515b5c754bf7b3e0 6 240 767 2022-02-16T16:00:04Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 175 771 503 2022-02-17T19:10:34Z Mallen 48 Mallen uploaded a new version of [[File:Free free boundary condition of the blade.jpg]] wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 0 2 772 754 2022-02-23T21:00:20Z Randall Mayes 49 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to SEM's Wiki Site''' Below you can find links to the Wikis that are maintained by various Technical Divisions and Focus Groups within SEM. The "Getting Started" section explains how to create and edit pages and add content to a Wiki. See below for information on how to become a contributor. == SEM Wikis == '''Technical Divisions''' [[Dynamic Environments Testing Wiki]] | Researchers focused on specifications, test methods and modeling for shock and vibration qualification [[Dynamic Environments Wiki]] | Researchers focused on specifications, test methods and modeling for shock and vibration qualification [[Dynamic Substructuring Wiki]] | Description... '''Focus Groups''' [[Smart Dynamic Testing COP]] | A Community of Practice focused on improving industrial vibration and shock qualification through a technical basis that increases reliability while decreasing cost, schedule and risk == Getting Started (for contributors) == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. If you wish to become a contributor, first seek the approval of the appropriate technical division [https://sem.org/technicaldivisions], then contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. You can log in as an editor using your SEM login. <!--Old code that redirected this page to the substructuring WIKI.--> <!--#REDIRECT [[Dynamic Substructuring Wiki]]--> 440163cdc599a8441989b0349bbd6df121fcf786 774 772 2022-02-23T21:05:17Z Randall Mayes 49 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to SEM's Wiki Site''' Below you can find links to the Wikis that are maintained by various Technical Divisions and Focus Groups within SEM. The "Getting Started" section explains how to create and edit pages and add content to a Wiki. See below for information on how to become a contributor. == SEM Wikis == '''Technical Divisions''' [[Dynamic Environments Testing Wiki]] | Researchers focused on specifications, test methods and modeling for shock and vibration qualification [[Dynamic Environments Wiki]] | Researchers focused on specifications, test methods and modeling for shock and vibration qualification - Note this page should be removed once sidebar is changed to Dynamic Environments Testing (DET) instead of just Dynamic Environments (DE) [[Dynamic Substructuring Wiki]] | Description... '''Focus Groups''' [[Smart Dynamic Testing COP]] | A Community of Practice focused on improving industrial vibration and shock qualification through a technical basis that increases reliability while decreasing cost, schedule and risk == Getting Started (for contributors) == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. If you wish to become a contributor, first seek the approval of the appropriate technical division [https://sem.org/technicaldivisions], then contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. You can log in as an editor using your SEM login. <!--Old code that redirected this page to the substructuring WIKI.--> <!--#REDIRECT [[Dynamic Substructuring Wiki]]--> 8e27a628100ab8def54b0a258c6c185be3958204 776 774 2022-02-23T21:13:20Z Randall Mayes 49 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to SEM's Wiki Site''' Below you can find links to the Wikis that are maintained by various Technical Divisions and Focus Groups within SEM. The "Getting Started" section explains how to create and edit pages and add content to a Wiki. See below for information on how to become a contributor. == SEM Wikis == '''Technical Divisions''' [[Dynamic Environments Testing Wiki]] | Researchers focused on specifications, test methods and modeling for shock and vibration qualification [[Dynamic Environments Wiki]] | Researchers focused on specifications, test methods and modeling for shock and vibration qualification - Note this page should be removed once sidebar is changed to Dynamic Environments Testing (DET) instead of just Dynamic Environments (DE) per Randy Mayes [[Dynamic Substructuring Wiki]] | Description... '''Focus Groups''' [[Smart Dynamic Testing COP]] | A Community of Practice focused on improving industrial vibration and shock qualification through a technical basis that increases reliability while decreasing cost, schedule and risk == Getting Started (for contributors) == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. If you wish to become a contributor, first seek the approval of the appropriate technical division [https://sem.org/technicaldivisions], then contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. You can log in as an editor using your SEM login. <!--Old code that redirected this page to the substructuring WIKI.--> <!--#REDIRECT [[Dynamic Substructuring Wiki]]--> 41211007b650da1ab413a4335ec1651dd2cb020b 780 776 2022-02-25T20:18:11Z Randall Mayes 49 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to SEM's Wiki Site''' Below you can find links to the Wikis that are maintained by various Technical Divisions and Focus Groups within SEM. The "Getting Started" section explains how to create and edit pages and add content to a Wiki. See below for information on how to become a contributor. == SEM Wikis == '''Technical Divisions''' [[Dynamic Environments Testing Wiki]] | Researchers focused on specifications, test methods and modeling for shock and vibration qualification [[Dynamic Substructuring Wiki]] | Description... '''Focus Groups''' [[Smart Dynamic Testing COP]] | A Community of Practice focused on improving industrial vibration and shock qualification through a technical basis that increases reliability while decreasing cost, schedule and risk == Getting Started (for contributors) == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. If you wish to become a contributor, first seek the approval of the appropriate technical division [https://sem.org/technicaldivisions], then contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. You can log in as an editor using your SEM login. <!--Old code that redirected this page to the substructuring WIKI.--> <!--#REDIRECT [[Dynamic Substructuring Wiki]]--> 5ad71d81d6b6c4d9538e51517ae977eeab7c6a28 0 241 773 2022-02-23T21:01:24Z Randall Mayes 49 Created page with "'''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC Dynamic Environments Testing Wiki.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Dynamic Environm..." wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC Dynamic Environments Testing Wiki.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Dynamic Environments Wiki:Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[Test Bed Information]] | Here is information on the Box and Removable Component (BARC) testbed [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on the BARC test bed. | [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors == Knowledge Base (Including Tutorials on Dynamic Environments) == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link [[IMAC_DE_Papers|Dynamic Environments Papers in IMAC]] | List of all of the papers from IMAC proceedings in Dynamic Environments sessions [[Bibliography]] | Here is a list of links to other conference and journal papers about Dynamic Environments, with space for notes from the authors. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. To request access contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. == About the Dynamic Environment Testing Technical Division == The Dynamic Environments Testing technical division is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' [http://sem.org/imac International Modal Analysis Conference] each year. The groups officers are * Chair: * Vice Chair: * Secretary: * Historian: * Past Chair: This Wiki was initiated by Randy Mayes 258a8654aac184f0ff18195d2cb636375d6f335f 775 773 2022-02-23T21:08:44Z Randall Mayes 49 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC Dynamic Environments Testing Wiki.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Dynamic Environments Wiki:Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[Test Bed Information]] | Here is information on the Box and Removable Component (BARC) testbed [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on the BARC test bed. | [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[Smart Dynamic Testing COP]] | A Community of Practice focused on improving industrial vibration and shock qualification through a technical basis that increases reliability while decreasing cost, schedule and risk == Knowledge Base (Including Tutorials on Dynamic Environments) == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link [[IMAC_DE_Papers|Dynamic Environments Papers in IMAC]] | List of all of the papers from IMAC proceedings in Dynamic Environments sessions [[Bibliography]] | Here is a list of links to other conference and journal papers about Dynamic Environments, with space for notes from the authors. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. To request access contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. == About the Dynamic Environment Testing Technical Division == The Dynamic Environments Testing technical division is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' [http://sem.org/imac International Modal Analysis Conference] each year. The groups officers are * Chair: * Vice Chair: * Secretary: * Historian: * Past Chair: This Wiki was initiated by Randy Mayes d1b6054dfcd344e6167408bf96c52aab648edf26 8 4 777 756 2022-02-25T18:30:14Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki * navigation ** mainpage|mainpage-description ** recentchanges-url|recentchanges ** randompage-url|randompage * SEM Wikis ** Dynamic Substructuring Wiki|Dynamic Substructuring (DS) ** Dynamic Environments Testing Wiki|Dynamic Environments (DE) * DS:Content ** Category:Experiments|Experiments ** Category:Models|Models ** Category:Calculations|Calculations ** Category:Info|Knowledge Base * SEARCH * TOOLBOX * LANGUAGES 953ab1a2256115f933054c10cb7bc83d89bf9bdc 778 777 2022-02-25T18:31:18Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki * navigation ** mainpage|mainpage-description ** recentchanges-url|recentchanges ** randompage-url|randompage * SEM Wikis ** Dynamic Substructuring Wiki|Dynamic Substructuring (DS) ** Dynamic Environments Testing Wiki|Dynamic Environments Testing (DE) * DS:Content ** Category:Experiments|Experiments ** Category:Models|Models ** Category:Calculations|Calculations ** Category:Info|Knowledge Base * SEARCH * TOOLBOX * LANGUAGES 8d23d68b75db9ce9df02f1864f3681a62c3c9f67 779 778 2022-02-25T18:31:31Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki * navigation ** mainpage|mainpage-description ** recentchanges-url|recentchanges ** randompage-url|randompage * SEM Wikis ** Dynamic Substructuring Wiki|Dynamic Substructuring (DS) ** Dynamic Environments Testing Wiki|Dynamic Environments Testing (DET) * DS:Content ** Category:Experiments|Experiments ** Category:Models|Models ** Category:Calculations|Calculations ** Category:Info|Knowledge Base * SEARCH * TOOLBOX * LANGUAGES a89abd7b88c829245b816b76a299baa5abb7682e 14 242 781 2022-02-25T20:43:42Z Randall Mayes 49 Created page with "==January 27th 2019 Minutes IMAC Meeting==" wikitext text/x-wiki ==January 27th 2019 Minutes IMAC Meeting== 58c907d9780bc96fbc114e380ceaab31b0fd9a25 783 781 2022-02-25T21:01:18Z Randall Mayes 49 wikitext text/x-wiki ==January 27th 2019 Minutes IMAC Meeting== [[https://mywikis-wiki-media.s3.us-central-1.wasabisys.com/sem/SDTCoP_Notes_Mtg270119.docx Jan 27, 2019 Minutes]] adad0682310c73af968612011d5c1ef97217692b 784 783 2022-02-25T21:02:25Z Randall Mayes 49 wikitext text/x-wiki [[https://mywikis-wiki-media.s3.us-central-1.wasabisys.com/sem/SDTCoP_Notes_Mtg270119.docx Jan 27, 2019 Minutes]] ff9b364f1ebd633d41e87ec102fa00ee8736d95e 6 243 782 2022-02-25T20:48:15Z Randall Mayes 49 Category:Meeting Minutes wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == Category:Meeting Minutes b3722391cfe84e55d69763aaa36f5bc64c09e406 6 244 785 2022-03-17T21:41:46Z Mallen 48 Photo of those who attended the TD meeting at IMAC 2022 in Orlando, Florida, except for a few who had to leave early. wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == Photo of those who attended the TD meeting at IMAC 2022 in Orlando, Florida, except for a few who had to leave early. 82330d16bdec8bb2e646834aa3a25e8326ab8a10 6 245 786 2022-03-17T21:47:19Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 0 217 787 711 2022-03-17T21:48:28Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division's Wiki.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Dynamic Substructuring Wiki:Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[Test Bed Information]] | Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[:Category:Info|Knowledge Base]] | This is a place to collect information that may be helpful to others in the substructuring community. == Knowledge Base (Including Tutorials on Substructuring) == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link [[IMAC_Substr_Papers|Substructuring Papers in IMAC]] | List of all of the papers from IMAC proceedings in substructuring related sessions [[Bibliography]] | Here is a list of links to conference and journal papers about dynamic substructuring, with space for notes from the authors. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. To request access contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. == About the Dynamic Substructures Technical Division == The Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' [http://sem.org/imac International Modal Analysis Conference] each year. The group is led by * Chair: Matt Allen ([http://byusdrg.com Brigham Young University]) * Vice Chair: Walter D'Ambrogio (http://www.ing.univaq.it/personale/scheda_personale.php?codice=132) * Secretary: Daniel Roettgen ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) and * Historian: Maarten van der Seijs ([https://www.vibestechnology.com/ Vibes Technology) * Past Chair: Andreas Linderholt (https://lnu.se/en/staff/andreas.linderholt/) * Past/Past Chair: Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]). This Wiki is maintained by SEM. == Photo of Attendees at IMAC 2022 and 2020 == [[File:SubstructureTDAttendees-IMAC2022.jpg|800px]] [[File:SubstructureTDAttendees-IMAC2020.jpg|800px]] 08b075baf2459afedf4850dd21f911c8be0ae746 6 246 788 2022-05-18T17:09:21Z Mallen 48 Cropped version of the turbine with no background, re-upload. wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == Cropped version of the turbine with no background, re-upload. 22ff9f9bd57be93725477c9ac72c554cb5aac1a8 0 10 789 720 2022-05-18T17:10:04Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki The test bed that the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen is an Ampair 600 Wind Turbine. This turbine was purchased and then modified to decrease the nonlinearities in the system. == Ampair 600 Wind Turbine == [[File:FullTurbineV2.png|200px|right|Ampair 600 Turbine]] The Ampair 600 Wind Turbine we are working with is the stock wind turbine with some of the electrical 'guts' removed, and replaced with solid masses. The tail has also been replaced with a smaller version. The turbine hub and nacelle are fixed to a flag pole which is fixed to a large mass. This large mass is then floating on a trampoline to simulate a free-free test condition. More information can be found here: [[:File:Substructuring_Testbed_Assembly_Instructions.pdf|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:TestBedPoster.pdf|Testbed Poster]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! ==Available Information== *Models **[[Atomic_Weapons_Establishment|AWE Scanned Geometry Model]] **[[University_of_Stuttgart|FEM Solver Input Files from Stuttgart]] **[[L%27Aquila|Geometry Step File from L'Aquila]] *Experimental Data **[[Wisconsin|Various Experimental Datasets from UW-Madison]] **[[Chalmers_University|Testing and Characterization of several blades by Chalmers University]] **[[Sandia_National_Laboratories|Experimental Data from Sandia National Labs]] [[Category:AmpAir]] cbf34713437ce235c3c163e71a82ebc3254dd865 6 247 790 2022-05-18T17:25:38Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 0 195 791 597 2022-05-18T17:26:21Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Details== This test was performed in summer 2014. == Photos == <gallery> Image: 3bladeV2.jpg | 3-Bladed Rotor Assembly Image: 1bladeV2.jpg | 1-Bladed Rotor Assembly </gallery> == Data and Geometry == Data from the three bladed test has been uploaded, single blade test and geometry file forthcoming. High level hits were taken at three driving point locations on the hub of the system. [[:File:AssemblyNLData2014.zip|3-Bladed Test]] == Results == This data has been screened for potential nonlinear traits using the ZEFFT and Hilbert Transform algorithms. Examples below show results for the 5th mode. <gallery> Image: UW2014ZEFFT.jpg | ZEFFT Spectrum 5th Mode Image: UW2014HilbDamp.jpg | Damping vs. Velocity Amplitude 5th Mode </gallery> [[Category:Experiments]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] [[Category:Ampair]] [[Category:Non-Linear Testing]] cbb7db37eb61ccd50bed75ff5a1d59af81c60d8b 0 201 792 695 2022-05-18T17:26:56Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Details== This test was performed in summer 2014. Measurements were taken from a single blade and hub and three blade and hub assembly using a hammer impulse. == Photos == <gallery> Image: 3bladeV2.jpg | 3-Bladed Rotor Assembly Image: 1bladeV2.jpg | 1-Bladed Rotor Assembly </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in .mat format. Test shapes have been uploaded. The ZIP file contains a single blade and hub shape results, a set of shapes for the single hub, and then the full three-bladed assembly truth test results. [[:File:UW Ampair TestShapes2014.zip|Test Shape]] <gallery> Image: UW2014 SS CoordinateSys.png | Coordinate System Diagram Image: MeasurementResolution2014 UW SS.jpg | Measurement Resolution </gallery> == Results == Mode Shape Images Forthcoming. [[Category:Experiments]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] 201e50a08726547e5be2309f0d0bdecc4cc54884 6 248 793 2022-05-18T17:29:59Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 249 794 2022-05-18T17:34:59Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 250 795 2022-05-18T17:40:00Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 251 796 2022-05-18T17:41:49Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 252 797 2022-05-18T17:54:21Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 253 798 2022-05-18T17:54:42Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 254 799 2022-05-18T18:03:10Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 255 800 2022-05-18T18:04:14Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 256 801 2022-05-18T18:05:05Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 257 802 2022-05-18T18:05:48Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 258 803 2022-05-18T18:06:50Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 259 804 2022-05-18T18:09:28Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 260 805 2022-05-18T18:14:00Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 261 806 2022-05-18T18:16:05Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 262 807 2022-05-18T18:16:22Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 263 808 2022-05-18T18:19:20Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 265 810 2022-05-18T18:29:15Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 266 811 2022-05-18T18:29:32Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 267 812 2022-05-18T18:29:46Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 268 813 2022-05-18T18:30:11Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 269 814 2022-05-18T18:30:29Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 270 815 2022-05-18T18:31:37Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 271 816 2022-05-18T18:33:19Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 272 817 2022-05-18T18:34:20Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 273 818 2022-05-18T18:35:19Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 275 820 2022-05-18T18:40:36Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 276 821 2022-05-18T18:45:37Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 277 822 2022-05-18T18:46:01Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 278 823 2022-05-18T18:47:17Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 0 19 824 690 2022-05-18T18:47:55Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uni stuttgart.jpg|right|100px]] The assembly of the Ampair 600 wind turbine consists of several substructures with very different material properties. Since the parameters of these materials are unknown, model updating is applied to the substructures to obtain validated finite element models. Based on experimentally determined modal parameters, the finite element models are adapted to achieve acceptable vibration behaviour. Therefore, an objective function consisting of the deviation of the eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors is used to determine Young's modulus, density and Poisson's ratio of each material. ==Introduction== Dynamic Substructuring methods offer the possibility to model high order finite element models in an efficient way [1]. A separated representation of the dynamics of the participated substructures enables the application of model reduction methods like the Craig-Bampton method and a later assembly of the different parts by Component Mode Synthesis (CMS). Therefore, the degrees of freedom (DoF) can be reduced drastically. Additionally, a validation of the components can be done individually in a more efficient way. In order to get validated finite element models, model updating methods [2] can be applied to identify material parameters. For example measured modal parameters can be provided to an optimization such that the deviation of the simulation model can be minimized automatically. Within this contribution such a model updating procedure is presented. ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters [3]. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a wire, which is attached to a frame. [[File:Photo_Free_Free_boundary_condition_of_the_blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==Modeling of the Substructures== The assembly of the wind turbine consists of many different parts. Those parts have different material parameters and are connected to each other in various ways. Since the influence of each individual part on the overall dynamics is unknown, all parts are modeled such that individual material parameters can be given to reach the best matching between simulation and experiment. The first step toward a finite element model which is able to capture the dynamics of the system is to know the geometry. Therefore, the dimensions of the real parts were recorded manually and converted into CAD models. [[File:Details of the hub model.png|200px]][[File:Turbine assembly parts.png|200px]] *'''Blade Model''' Based on the geometry a finite element model of the blade was established with the Hyperworks software by Altair. Due to the complicated shape the geometry is divided in an upper (green) and lower (red) surface of the blade and the flange (blue). The outer layer defined by these three sections is the composite part of the blade surrounding the core material (yellow). Each section can be meshed individually. [[File:Upper_side.png|250px]] [[File:Lower_side.png|227px]] The composite part of the blade is meshed with tria elements with an element size of 10 mm. 3D tetras with the same element size are used for the core of the blade. An intersection of the blade is given in the picture below. [[File:Intersection.png|250px]] As already mentioned, the blade is made out of two different materials. Johansson et al. performed destructive tests in "Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade" to obtain material properties of both the glass fiber composite and the core. Chemical tests, which were performed in their study, indicated that the core, as well as the resin of the glass fiber reinforced skin, consist of polypropylene (PP). The material properties used for the FE-model presented here and resulting from the investigation performed by Johansson et al. are collect in the tables below. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Core |- | Young's Modulus || 1745 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 8.18*10^-10 t/mm³ |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Skin |- | Young's Modulus perpendicular to fiber ||1745 Mpa |- | Young's Modulus in fiber direction || 14500 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 1.09*10^-9 t/mm³ |- | Shear Modulus in all directions || 700 Mpa |} The laminate of the composite skin consists of 4 layers, stacked by alternating the direction of the fibers in a 0°/90°/0°/90° order, where the fibers oriented in 0°, span from the blade root to the tip of the blade. Each ply has a thickness of 0.7 mm resulting in a total composite skin thickness of 2.8 mm. The following picture illustrates the laminate of the blade. The arrows point in the fiber direction of the ply. The outer ply has a 90° fiber orientation whereas the first ply on the core is oriented in a 0° angle. [[File:Laminate.png|500px]] A modal analysis was performed with this FE-modal in both free and clamped boundary condition. The clamped condition was realized by putting constraints on nodes of the flange. Results obtained from the free model: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! FE !! !! exp.Blade 1 !! exp. Blade 2 !! exp. Blade 3 |- | 1 || First bending || 49.2 Hz || || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 139.7 Hz || || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 220.1 Hz || || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 272.6 Hz || || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 348.5 Hz || || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz |} <gallery> File:First_bending_mode.png| File:Second_bending_mode.png| File:First_torsional_mode.png| File:Third_bending_mode.png| File:Second_torsional_mode.png| {...} </gallery> Results of the model with constraints: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! FE !! !! exp. Blade 1 !! exp. Blade 2 !! exp. Blade 3 |- | 1 || First bending || 21.5 Hz || || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending ||75.8 Hz || || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 140.2 Hz || || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 189.3 Hz || || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 208.0 Hz || || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz |} <gallery> File:First_bending_mode_(clamped).png| File:Second_bending_mode_(clamped).png| File:Third_bending_mode_(clamped).png| File:Fourth_bending_mode_(clamped).png| File:First_torsional_mode_(clamped).png| {...} </gallery> *'''Hub Model''' The hub of the wind turbine is a complex part which has numerous components. An intersection of the finite element model can be seen in the picture below. The components are modeled individually and are assembled using compatibility conditions at the contact surfaces. In addition to the parts, which can be seen in the intersection, the epoxy resin is modeled for the sake of completeness. In further investigations, measurements of the hub assembly will be established and a model updating will be performed. [[File:Mesh_of_the_hub_assembly.png|300px]] *'''CAD Assembly Model''' [[File:CAD model of the complete wind turbine.png|80px]] Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] *'''Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN.''' [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] ==Model Updating== Model updating is a method to adjust parameters of a simulation model automatically so that it matches the dynamic behavior of the measured part. In the present case the modal parameters from the experiments are used as reference to adjust the material parameters for the finite element model to obtain better results. For this purpose an objective function is created which includes the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies and -vectors. Reaching a good result in optimization strongly depends on the quality of the finite element model. Since the finite element models themselves contain uncertainties with respect to the real parts a good agreement for all eigenfrequnecies and -vectors could be unachievable. To counteract this problem a weighted sum is introduced which offers more variability for a good compromise of all considered modes. The weighted sum can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ1.png|170px]], where '''''x''''' is the n-dimensional vector of the parameters to be updated, ''f'' represents the single objective functions, ''w'' is the vector with the weighting factors and ''m'' the number of the considered objective functions. In the present case the overall objective function ''J'' is composed of two functions. One represents the frequencies and the other the eigenvectors such that ''J'' can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ2.png|150px]]. The weighted sum of the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies is denoted by ::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ3.png|220px]], and the deviation of the eigenvectors in form of weighted MAC values [3] is described by :::::::::::::[[File:EQ4.1.png|190px]] with [[File:EQ4.2.png|350px]]. ==IMAC 2014== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 in which a finite element model is updated to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/File:295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted on this page. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] ==References== [[File:References.png|800px]] 4d21c1030e0973df02f1da2c2635d68db08fa1f7 844 824 2022-05-18T19:20:02Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uni stuttgart.jpg|right|100px]] The assembly of the Ampair 600 wind turbine consists of several substructures with very different material properties. Since the parameters of these materials are unknown, model updating is applied to the substructures to obtain validated finite element models. Based on experimentally determined modal parameters, the finite element models are adapted to achieve acceptable vibration behaviour. Therefore, an objective function consisting of the deviation of the eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors is used to determine Young's modulus, density and Poisson's ratio of each material. ==Introduction== Dynamic Substructuring methods offer the possibility to model high order finite element models in an efficient way [1]. A separated representation of the dynamics of the participated substructures enables the application of model reduction methods like the Craig-Bampton method and a later assembly of the different parts by Component Mode Synthesis (CMS). Therefore, the degrees of freedom (DoF) can be reduced drastically. Additionally, a validation of the components can be done individually in a more efficient way. In order to get validated finite element models, model updating methods [2] can be applied to identify material parameters. For example measured modal parameters can be provided to an optimization such that the deviation of the simulation model can be minimized automatically. Within this contribution such a model updating procedure is presented. ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters [3]. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a wire, which is attached to a frame. [[File:Photo_Free_Free_boundary_condition_of_the_blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==Modeling of the Substructures== The assembly of the wind turbine consists of many different parts. Those parts have different material parameters and are connected to each other in various ways. Since the influence of each individual part on the overall dynamics is unknown, all parts are modeled such that individual material parameters can be given to reach the best matching between simulation and experiment. The first step toward a finite element model which is able to capture the dynamics of the system is to know the geometry. Therefore, the dimensions of the real parts were recorded manually and converted into CAD models. [[File:Details of the hub model.png|200px]][[File:Turbine assembly parts.png|200px]] *'''Blade Model''' Based on the geometry a finite element model of the blade was established with the Hyperworks software by Altair. Due to the complicated shape the geometry is divided in an upper (green) and lower (red) surface of the blade and the flange (blue). The outer layer defined by these three sections is the composite part of the blade surrounding the core material (yellow). Each section can be meshed individually. [[File:Upper_side.png|250px]] [[File:Lower_side.png|227px]] The composite part of the blade is meshed with tria elements with an element size of 10 mm. 3D tetras with the same element size are used for the core of the blade. An intersection of the blade is given in the picture below. [[File:Intersection.png|250px]] As already mentioned, the blade is made out of two different materials. Johansson et al. performed destructive tests in "Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade" to obtain material properties of both the glass fiber composite and the core. Chemical tests, which were performed in their study, indicated that the core, as well as the resin of the glass fiber reinforced skin, consist of polypropylene (PP). The material properties used for the FE-model presented here and resulting from the investigation performed by Johansson et al. are collect in the tables below. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Core |- | Young's Modulus || 1745 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 8.18*10^-10 t/mm³ |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Skin |- | Young's Modulus perpendicular to fiber ||1745 Mpa |- | Young's Modulus in fiber direction || 14500 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 1.09*10^-9 t/mm³ |- | Shear Modulus in all directions || 700 Mpa |} The laminate of the composite skin consists of 4 layers, stacked by alternating the direction of the fibers in a 0°/90°/0°/90° order, where the fibers oriented in 0°, span from the blade root to the tip of the blade. Each ply has a thickness of 0.7 mm resulting in a total composite skin thickness of 2.8 mm. The following picture illustrates the laminate of the blade. The arrows point in the fiber direction of the ply. The outer ply has a 90° fiber orientation whereas the first ply on the core is oriented in a 0° angle. [[File:Laminate.png|500px]] A modal analysis was performed with this FE-modal in both free and clamped boundary condition. The clamped condition was realized by putting constraints on nodes of the flange. Results obtained from the free model: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! FE !! !! exp.Blade 1 !! exp. Blade 2 !! exp. Blade 3 |- | 1 || First bending || 49.2 Hz || || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 139.7 Hz || || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 220.1 Hz || || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 272.6 Hz || || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 348.5 Hz || || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz |} <gallery> File:First_bending_mode.png| File:Second_bending_mode.png| File:First_torsional_mode.png| File:Third_bending_mode.png| File:Second_torsional_mode.png| {...} </gallery> Results of the model with constraints: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! FE !! !! exp. Blade 1 !! exp. Blade 2 !! exp. Blade 3 |- | 1 || First bending || 21.5 Hz || || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending ||75.8 Hz || || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 140.2 Hz || || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 189.3 Hz || || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 208.0 Hz || || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz |} <gallery> File:First_bending_mode_(clamped).png| File:Second_bending_mode_(clamped).png| File:Third_bending_mode_(clamped).png| File:Fourth_bending_mode_(clamped).png| File:First_torsional_mode_(clamped).png| {...} </gallery> *'''Hub Model''' The hub of the wind turbine is a complex part which has numerous components. An intersection of the finite element model can be seen in the picture below. The components are modeled individually and are assembled using compatibility conditions at the contact surfaces. In addition to the parts, which can be seen in the intersection, the epoxy resin is modeled for the sake of completeness. In further investigations, measurements of the hub assembly will be established and a model updating will be performed. [[File:Mesh_of_the_hub_assembly.png|300px]] *'''CAD Assembly Model''' [[File:CAD model complete wind turbine.png|80px]] Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] *'''Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN.''' [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] ==Model Updating== Model updating is a method to adjust parameters of a simulation model automatically so that it matches the dynamic behavior of the measured part. In the present case the modal parameters from the experiments are used as reference to adjust the material parameters for the finite element model to obtain better results. For this purpose an objective function is created which includes the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies and -vectors. Reaching a good result in optimization strongly depends on the quality of the finite element model. Since the finite element models themselves contain uncertainties with respect to the real parts a good agreement for all eigenfrequnecies and -vectors could be unachievable. To counteract this problem a weighted sum is introduced which offers more variability for a good compromise of all considered modes. The weighted sum can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ1.png|170px]], where '''''x''''' is the n-dimensional vector of the parameters to be updated, ''f'' represents the single objective functions, ''w'' is the vector with the weighting factors and ''m'' the number of the considered objective functions. In the present case the overall objective function ''J'' is composed of two functions. One represents the frequencies and the other the eigenvectors such that ''J'' can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ2.png|150px]]. The weighted sum of the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies is denoted by ::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ3.png|220px]], and the deviation of the eigenvectors in form of weighted MAC values [3] is described by :::::::::::::[[File:EQ4.1.png|190px]] with [[File:EQ4.2.png|350px]]. ==IMAC 2014== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 in which a finite element model is updated to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/File:295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted on this page. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] ==References== [[File:References.png|800px]] e2e0fc7c9fa92e423cdc6cc98ed0310cb23307f6 845 844 2022-05-18T19:58:17Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uni stuttgart.jpg|right|100px]] The assembly of the Ampair 600 wind turbine consists of several substructures with very different material properties. Since the parameters of these materials are unknown, model updating is applied to the substructures to obtain validated finite element models. Based on experimentally determined modal parameters, the finite element models are adapted to achieve acceptable vibration behaviour. Therefore, an objective function consisting of the deviation of the eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors is used to determine Young's modulus, density and Poisson's ratio of each material. ==Introduction== Dynamic Substructuring methods offer the possibility to model high order finite element models in an efficient way [1]. A separated representation of the dynamics of the participated substructures enables the application of model reduction methods like the Craig-Bampton method and a later assembly of the different parts by Component Mode Synthesis (CMS). Therefore, the degrees of freedom (DoF) can be reduced drastically. Additionally, a validation of the components can be done individually in a more efficient way. In order to get validated finite element models, model updating methods [2] can be applied to identify material parameters. For example measured modal parameters can be provided to an optimization such that the deviation of the simulation model can be minimized automatically. Within this contribution such a model updating procedure is presented. ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters [3]. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a wire, which is attached to a frame. [[File:Photo_Free_Free_boundary_condition_of_the_blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==Modeling of the Substructures== The assembly of the wind turbine consists of many different parts. Those parts have different material parameters and are connected to each other in various ways. Since the influence of each individual part on the overall dynamics is unknown, all parts are modeled such that individual material parameters can be given to reach the best matching between simulation and experiment. The first step toward a finite element model which is able to capture the dynamics of the system is to know the geometry. Therefore, the dimensions of the real parts were recorded manually and converted into CAD models. [[File:Details of the hub model.png|200px]][[File:Turbine assembly parts.png|200px]] *'''Blade Model''' Based on the geometry a finite element model of the blade was established with the Hyperworks software by Altair. Due to the complicated shape the geometry is divided in an upper (green) and lower (red) surface of the blade and the flange (blue). The outer layer defined by these three sections is the composite part of the blade surrounding the core material (yellow). Each section can be meshed individually. [[File:Upper_side.png|250px]] [[File:Lower_side.png|227px]] The composite part of the blade is meshed with tria elements with an element size of 10 mm. 3D tetras with the same element size are used for the core of the blade. An intersection of the blade is given in the picture below. [[File:Intersection.png|250px]] As already mentioned, the blade is made out of two different materials. Johansson et al. performed destructive tests in "Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade" to obtain material properties of both the glass fiber composite and the core. Chemical tests, which were performed in their study, indicated that the core, as well as the resin of the glass fiber reinforced skin, consist of polypropylene (PP). The material properties used for the FE-model presented here and resulting from the investigation performed by Johansson et al. are collect in the tables below. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Core |- | Young's Modulus || 1745 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 8.18*10^-10 t/mm³ |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Skin |- | Young's Modulus perpendicular to fiber ||1745 Mpa |- | Young's Modulus in fiber direction || 14500 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 1.09*10^-9 t/mm³ |- | Shear Modulus in all directions || 700 Mpa |} The laminate of the composite skin consists of 4 layers, stacked by alternating the direction of the fibers in a 0°/90°/0°/90° order, where the fibers oriented in 0°, span from the blade root to the tip of the blade. Each ply has a thickness of 0.7 mm resulting in a total composite skin thickness of 2.8 mm. The following picture illustrates the laminate of the blade. The arrows point in the fiber direction of the ply. The outer ply has a 90° fiber orientation whereas the first ply on the core is oriented in a 0° angle. [[File:Laminate.png|500px]] A modal analysis was performed with this FE-modal in both free and clamped boundary condition. The clamped condition was realized by putting constraints on nodes of the flange. Results obtained from the free model: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! FE !! !! exp.Blade 1 !! exp. Blade 2 !! exp. Blade 3 |- | 1 || First bending || 49.2 Hz || || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 139.7 Hz || || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 220.1 Hz || || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 272.6 Hz || || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 348.5 Hz || || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz |} <gallery> File:First_bending_mode.png| File:Second_bending_mode.png| File:First_torsional_mode.png| File:Third_bending_mode.png| File:Second_torsional_mode.png| {...} </gallery> Results of the model with constraints: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! FE !! !! exp. Blade 1 !! exp. Blade 2 !! exp. Blade 3 |- | 1 || First bending || 21.5 Hz || || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending ||75.8 Hz || || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 140.2 Hz || || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 189.3 Hz || || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 208.0 Hz || || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz |} <gallery> File:First_bending_mode_(clamped).png| File:Second_bending_mode_(clamped).png| File:Third_bending_mode_(clamped).png| File:Fourth_bending_mode_(clamped).png| File:First_torsional_mode_(clamped).png| {...} </gallery> *'''Hub Model''' The hub of the wind turbine is a complex part which has numerous components. An intersection of the finite element model can be seen in the picture below. The components are modeled individually and are assembled using compatibility conditions at the contact surfaces. In addition to the parts, which can be seen in the intersection, the epoxy resin is modeled for the sake of completeness. In further investigations, measurements of the hub assembly will be established and a model updating will be performed. [[File:Mesh_of_the_hub_assembly.png|300px]] *'''CAD Assembly Model''' [[File:CAD model complete wind turbine.png|80px]] Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] *'''Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN.''' [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] ==Model Updating== Model updating is a method to adjust parameters of a simulation model automatically so that it matches the dynamic behavior of the measured part. In the present case the modal parameters from the experiments are used as reference to adjust the material parameters for the finite element model to obtain better results. For this purpose an objective function is created which includes the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies and -vectors. Reaching a good result in optimization strongly depends on the quality of the finite element model. Since the finite element models themselves contain uncertainties with respect to the real parts a good agreement for all eigenfrequnecies and -vectors could be unachievable. To counteract this problem a weighted sum is introduced which offers more variability for a good compromise of all considered modes. The weighted sum can be written as <math>min\sum_{i=1}^m w_i f_i(\mathbf{x}) =min(J); </math> :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ1.png|170px]], where '''''x''''' is the n-dimensional vector of the parameters to be updated, ''f'' represents the single objective functions, ''w'' is the vector with the weighting factors and ''m'' the number of the considered objective functions. In the present case the overall objective function ''J'' is composed of two functions. One represents the frequencies and the other the eigenvectors such that ''J'' can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ2.png|150px]]. The weighted sum of the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies is denoted by ::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ3.png|220px]], and the deviation of the eigenvectors in form of weighted MAC values [3] is described by :::::::::::::[[File:EQ4.1.png|190px]] with [[File:EQ4.2.png|350px]]. ==IMAC 2014== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 in which a finite element model is updated to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/File:295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted on this page. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] ==References== [[File:References.png|800px]] c5df80da8cab90d1bd6faf2a0557c0f8434322ab 846 845 2022-05-18T19:58:47Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uni stuttgart.jpg|right|100px]] The assembly of the Ampair 600 wind turbine consists of several substructures with very different material properties. Since the parameters of these materials are unknown, model updating is applied to the substructures to obtain validated finite element models. Based on experimentally determined modal parameters, the finite element models are adapted to achieve acceptable vibration behaviour. Therefore, an objective function consisting of the deviation of the eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors is used to determine Young's modulus, density and Poisson's ratio of each material. ==Introduction== Dynamic Substructuring methods offer the possibility to model high order finite element models in an efficient way [1]. A separated representation of the dynamics of the participated substructures enables the application of model reduction methods like the Craig-Bampton method and a later assembly of the different parts by Component Mode Synthesis (CMS). Therefore, the degrees of freedom (DoF) can be reduced drastically. Additionally, a validation of the components can be done individually in a more efficient way. In order to get validated finite element models, model updating methods [2] can be applied to identify material parameters. For example measured modal parameters can be provided to an optimization such that the deviation of the simulation model can be minimized automatically. Within this contribution such a model updating procedure is presented. ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters [3]. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a wire, which is attached to a frame. [[File:Photo_Free_Free_boundary_condition_of_the_blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==Modeling of the Substructures== The assembly of the wind turbine consists of many different parts. Those parts have different material parameters and are connected to each other in various ways. Since the influence of each individual part on the overall dynamics is unknown, all parts are modeled such that individual material parameters can be given to reach the best matching between simulation and experiment. The first step toward a finite element model which is able to capture the dynamics of the system is to know the geometry. Therefore, the dimensions of the real parts were recorded manually and converted into CAD models. [[File:Details of the hub model.png|200px]][[File:Turbine assembly parts.png|200px]] *'''Blade Model''' Based on the geometry a finite element model of the blade was established with the Hyperworks software by Altair. Due to the complicated shape the geometry is divided in an upper (green) and lower (red) surface of the blade and the flange (blue). The outer layer defined by these three sections is the composite part of the blade surrounding the core material (yellow). Each section can be meshed individually. [[File:Upper_side.png|250px]] [[File:Lower_side.png|227px]] The composite part of the blade is meshed with tria elements with an element size of 10 mm. 3D tetras with the same element size are used for the core of the blade. An intersection of the blade is given in the picture below. [[File:Intersection.png|250px]] As already mentioned, the blade is made out of two different materials. Johansson et al. performed destructive tests in "Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade" to obtain material properties of both the glass fiber composite and the core. Chemical tests, which were performed in their study, indicated that the core, as well as the resin of the glass fiber reinforced skin, consist of polypropylene (PP). The material properties used for the FE-model presented here and resulting from the investigation performed by Johansson et al. are collect in the tables below. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Core |- | Young's Modulus || 1745 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 8.18*10^-10 t/mm³ |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Skin |- | Young's Modulus perpendicular to fiber ||1745 Mpa |- | Young's Modulus in fiber direction || 14500 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 1.09*10^-9 t/mm³ |- | Shear Modulus in all directions || 700 Mpa |} The laminate of the composite skin consists of 4 layers, stacked by alternating the direction of the fibers in a 0°/90°/0°/90° order, where the fibers oriented in 0°, span from the blade root to the tip of the blade. Each ply has a thickness of 0.7 mm resulting in a total composite skin thickness of 2.8 mm. The following picture illustrates the laminate of the blade. The arrows point in the fiber direction of the ply. The outer ply has a 90° fiber orientation whereas the first ply on the core is oriented in a 0° angle. [[File:Laminate.png|500px]] A modal analysis was performed with this FE-modal in both free and clamped boundary condition. The clamped condition was realized by putting constraints on nodes of the flange. Results obtained from the free model: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! FE !! !! exp.Blade 1 !! exp. Blade 2 !! exp. Blade 3 |- | 1 || First bending || 49.2 Hz || || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 139.7 Hz || || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 220.1 Hz || || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 272.6 Hz || || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 348.5 Hz || || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz |} <gallery> File:First_bending_mode.png| File:Second_bending_mode.png| File:First_torsional_mode.png| File:Third_bending_mode.png| File:Second_torsional_mode.png| {...} </gallery> Results of the model with constraints: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! FE !! !! exp. Blade 1 !! exp. Blade 2 !! exp. Blade 3 |- | 1 || First bending || 21.5 Hz || || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending ||75.8 Hz || || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 140.2 Hz || || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 189.3 Hz || || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 208.0 Hz || || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz |} <gallery> File:First_bending_mode_(clamped).png| File:Second_bending_mode_(clamped).png| File:Third_bending_mode_(clamped).png| File:Fourth_bending_mode_(clamped).png| File:First_torsional_mode_(clamped).png| {...} </gallery> *'''Hub Model''' The hub of the wind turbine is a complex part which has numerous components. An intersection of the finite element model can be seen in the picture below. The components are modeled individually and are assembled using compatibility conditions at the contact surfaces. In addition to the parts, which can be seen in the intersection, the epoxy resin is modeled for the sake of completeness. In further investigations, measurements of the hub assembly will be established and a model updating will be performed. [[File:Mesh_of_the_hub_assembly.png|300px]] *'''CAD Assembly Model''' [[File:CAD model complete wind turbine.png|80px]] Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] *'''Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN.''' [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] ==Model Updating== Model updating is a method to adjust parameters of a simulation model automatically so that it matches the dynamic behavior of the measured part. In the present case the modal parameters from the experiments are used as reference to adjust the material parameters for the finite element model to obtain better results. For this purpose an objective function is created which includes the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies and -vectors. Reaching a good result in optimization strongly depends on the quality of the finite element model. Since the finite element models themselves contain uncertainties with respect to the real parts a good agreement for all eigenfrequnecies and -vectors could be unachievable. To counteract this problem a weighted sum is introduced which offers more variability for a good compromise of all considered modes. The weighted sum can be written as : <math>min\sum_{i=1}^m w_i f_i(\mathbf{x}) =min(J); </math> :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ1.png|170px]], where '''''x''''' is the n-dimensional vector of the parameters to be updated, ''f'' represents the single objective functions, ''w'' is the vector with the weighting factors and ''m'' the number of the considered objective functions. In the present case the overall objective function ''J'' is composed of two functions. One represents the frequencies and the other the eigenvectors such that ''J'' can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ2.png|150px]]. The weighted sum of the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies is denoted by ::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ3.png|220px]], and the deviation of the eigenvectors in form of weighted MAC values [3] is described by :::::::::::::[[File:EQ4.1.png|190px]] with [[File:EQ4.2.png|350px]]. ==IMAC 2014== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 in which a finite element model is updated to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/File:295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted on this page. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] ==References== [[File:References.png|800px]] 29374288aa37a7f87b7f2a50591b415b86063f25 847 846 2022-05-18T20:16:44Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uni stuttgart.jpg|right|100px]] The assembly of the Ampair 600 wind turbine consists of several substructures with very different material properties. Since the parameters of these materials are unknown, model updating is applied to the substructures to obtain validated finite element models. Based on experimentally determined modal parameters, the finite element models are adapted to achieve acceptable vibration behaviour. Therefore, an objective function consisting of the deviation of the eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors is used to determine Young's modulus, density and Poisson's ratio of each material. ==Introduction== Dynamic Substructuring methods offer the possibility to model high order finite element models in an efficient way [1]. A separated representation of the dynamics of the participated substructures enables the application of model reduction methods like the Craig-Bampton method and a later assembly of the different parts by Component Mode Synthesis (CMS). Therefore, the degrees of freedom (DoF) can be reduced drastically. Additionally, a validation of the components can be done individually in a more efficient way. In order to get validated finite element models, model updating methods [2] can be applied to identify material parameters. For example measured modal parameters can be provided to an optimization such that the deviation of the simulation model can be minimized automatically. Within this contribution such a model updating procedure is presented. ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters [3]. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a wire, which is attached to a frame. [[File:Photo_Free_Free_boundary_condition_of_the_blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==Modeling of the Substructures== The assembly of the wind turbine consists of many different parts. Those parts have different material parameters and are connected to each other in various ways. Since the influence of each individual part on the overall dynamics is unknown, all parts are modeled such that individual material parameters can be given to reach the best matching between simulation and experiment. The first step toward a finite element model which is able to capture the dynamics of the system is to know the geometry. Therefore, the dimensions of the real parts were recorded manually and converted into CAD models. [[File:Details of the hub model.png|200px]][[File:Turbine assembly parts.png|200px]] *'''Blade Model''' Based on the geometry a finite element model of the blade was established with the Hyperworks software by Altair. Due to the complicated shape the geometry is divided in an upper (green) and lower (red) surface of the blade and the flange (blue). The outer layer defined by these three sections is the composite part of the blade surrounding the core material (yellow). Each section can be meshed individually. [[File:Upper_side.png|250px]] [[File:Lower_side.png|227px]] The composite part of the blade is meshed with tria elements with an element size of 10 mm. 3D tetras with the same element size are used for the core of the blade. An intersection of the blade is given in the picture below. [[File:Intersection.png|250px]] As already mentioned, the blade is made out of two different materials. Johansson et al. performed destructive tests in "Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade" to obtain material properties of both the glass fiber composite and the core. Chemical tests, which were performed in their study, indicated that the core, as well as the resin of the glass fiber reinforced skin, consist of polypropylene (PP). The material properties used for the FE-model presented here and resulting from the investigation performed by Johansson et al. are collect in the tables below. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Core |- | Young's Modulus || 1745 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 8.18*10^-10 t/mm³ |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Skin |- | Young's Modulus perpendicular to fiber ||1745 Mpa |- | Young's Modulus in fiber direction || 14500 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 1.09*10^-9 t/mm³ |- | Shear Modulus in all directions || 700 Mpa |} The laminate of the composite skin consists of 4 layers, stacked by alternating the direction of the fibers in a 0°/90°/0°/90° order, where the fibers oriented in 0°, span from the blade root to the tip of the blade. Each ply has a thickness of 0.7 mm resulting in a total composite skin thickness of 2.8 mm. The following picture illustrates the laminate of the blade. The arrows point in the fiber direction of the ply. The outer ply has a 90° fiber orientation whereas the first ply on the core is oriented in a 0° angle. [[File:Laminate.png|500px]] A modal analysis was performed with this FE-modal in both free and clamped boundary condition. The clamped condition was realized by putting constraints on nodes of the flange. Results obtained from the free model: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! FE !! !! exp.Blade 1 !! exp. Blade 2 !! exp. Blade 3 |- | 1 || First bending || 49.2 Hz || || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 139.7 Hz || || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 220.1 Hz || || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 272.6 Hz || || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 348.5 Hz || || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz |} <gallery> File:First_bending_mode.png| File:Second_bending_mode.png| File:First_torsional_mode.png| File:Third_bending_mode.png| File:Second_torsional_mode.png| {...} </gallery> Results of the model with constraints: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! FE !! !! exp. Blade 1 !! exp. Blade 2 !! exp. Blade 3 |- | 1 || First bending || 21.5 Hz || || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending ||75.8 Hz || || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 140.2 Hz || || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 189.3 Hz || || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 208.0 Hz || || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz |} <gallery> File:First_bending_mode_(clamped).png| File:Second_bending_mode_(clamped).png| File:Third_bending_mode_(clamped).png| File:Fourth_bending_mode_(clamped).png| File:First_torsional_mode_(clamped).png| {...} </gallery> *'''Hub Model''' The hub of the wind turbine is a complex part which has numerous components. An intersection of the finite element model can be seen in the picture below. The components are modeled individually and are assembled using compatibility conditions at the contact surfaces. In addition to the parts, which can be seen in the intersection, the epoxy resin is modeled for the sake of completeness. In further investigations, measurements of the hub assembly will be established and a model updating will be performed. [[File:Mesh_of_the_hub_assembly.png|300px]] *'''CAD Assembly Model''' [[File:CAD model complete wind turbine.png|80px]] Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] *'''Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN.''' [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] ==Model Updating== Model updating is a method to adjust parameters of a simulation model automatically so that it matches the dynamic behavior of the measured part. In the present case the modal parameters from the experiments are used as reference to adjust the material parameters for the finite element model to obtain better results. For this purpose an objective function is created which includes the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies and -vectors. Reaching a good result in optimization strongly depends on the quality of the finite element model. Since the finite element models themselves contain uncertainties with respect to the real parts a good agreement for all eigenfrequnecies and -vectors could be unachievable. To counteract this problem a weighted sum is introduced which offers more variability for a good compromise of all considered modes. The weighted sum can be written as : {{math|''min''\sum_{i=1}^m w{{sup|i}} f{{sup|i}}(\mathbf{x}) =min(J)}} :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ1.png|170px]], where '''''x''''' is the n-dimensional vector of the parameters to be updated, ''f'' represents the single objective functions, ''w'' is the vector with the weighting factors and ''m'' the number of the considered objective functions. In the present case the overall objective function ''J'' is composed of two functions. One represents the frequencies and the other the eigenvectors such that ''J'' can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ2.png|150px]]. The weighted sum of the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies is denoted by ::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ3.png|220px]], and the deviation of the eigenvectors in form of weighted MAC values [3] is described by :::::::::::::[[File:EQ4.1.png|190px]] with [[File:EQ4.2.png|350px]]. ==IMAC 2014== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 in which a finite element model is updated to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/File:295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted on this page. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] ==References== [[File:References.png|800px]] 3e9eb11a41b61964df84d6060cfe50752632ee4b 848 847 2022-05-18T20:19:55Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uni stuttgart.jpg|right|100px]] The assembly of the Ampair 600 wind turbine consists of several substructures with very different material properties. Since the parameters of these materials are unknown, model updating is applied to the substructures to obtain validated finite element models. Based on experimentally determined modal parameters, the finite element models are adapted to achieve acceptable vibration behaviour. Therefore, an objective function consisting of the deviation of the eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors is used to determine Young's modulus, density and Poisson's ratio of each material. ==Introduction== Dynamic Substructuring methods offer the possibility to model high order finite element models in an efficient way [1]. A separated representation of the dynamics of the participated substructures enables the application of model reduction methods like the Craig-Bampton method and a later assembly of the different parts by Component Mode Synthesis (CMS). Therefore, the degrees of freedom (DoF) can be reduced drastically. Additionally, a validation of the components can be done individually in a more efficient way. In order to get validated finite element models, model updating methods [2] can be applied to identify material parameters. For example measured modal parameters can be provided to an optimization such that the deviation of the simulation model can be minimized automatically. Within this contribution such a model updating procedure is presented. ==Experimental Results== In order to have reference data for the model updating of the finite element model, three Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are performed to identify the modal parameters [3]. All three blades are discretized by a grid of 19 measurement points. [[File:Blade with 19 measurement points.png|300px]] For the measurements the high pressure side of the blade is used and considered being a plane surface for simplicity. The extracted eigenvectors from the experimental modal analysis of these 19 points are provided to calculate the MAC values, which are part of the objective function in the model updating optimization. *'''EMA of the single blades (free free condition)''' The results of the EMA of the blades in free boundary condition are used to provide the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors, which are further used for the model updating. To provide a free boundary condition for the measurement the blade hangs on a wire, which is attached to a frame. [[File:Photo_Free_Free_boundary_condition_of_the_blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondbendingmodefree.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodefree.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodefree.gif| File:Secondtorsionalmodefree.gif| {...} </gallery> The identified eigenfrequencies for the three blades are listed in the table below. It can be seen that every blade features different eigenfrequencies, which are induced by diverse material properties and variations in the manufacturing process. It shall be noted that the torsional modes show the highest deviations. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz || 2,4 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz || 11,5 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz || 2,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz || 14,6 Hz |} *'''EMA of the single blades (clamped condition)''' The results of the blades under a clamped boundary condition at the bolted joints verify the validity of the updated finite element model, which is adapted to the parameters from the case under free boundary conditions. For the measurement in clamped condition the blade is mounted to the table with three screws. In order to avoid contact between the blade and the table counter nuts are used. [[File:Fixed boundary condition of the blade.png|300px]] <gallery> File:Firstbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Secondbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Thirdbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Fourthbendingmodeclamped.gif| File:Firsttorsionalmodeclamped.gif| {...} </gallery> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! Blade 1 !! Blade 2 !! Blade 3 !! max deviation |- | 1 || First bending || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz || 0,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz || 1,7 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz || 10 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz || 7,7 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz || 9,5 Hz |} *'''EMA of the rotor assembly''' For a later application of substructuring methods a refernce measurement of the rotor assembly consisting of the three blades and the modified hub is established. In a previous step the interior of the hub was filled with an epoxy resin to fix the rotational degree of freedom of the blades. The modal analysis is done under free boundary conditions, where the assembly is suspended by a cord with support frame. [[File:Rotor assembly in free condition.png|300px]] A coarser measurement grid is used for this analysis. [[File:Coarse measurement grid for the assembly measurements.png|300px]] Nine instead of nineteen measurement points per blade are used. <gallery> File:First mode of the assembly.gif| File:Second mode of the assembly.gif| File:Third mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fourth mode of the assembly.gif| File:Fifth mode of the assembly.gif| {...} </gallery> Due to the deviations of the material properties between the single blades and within the hub, distortion of the cyclic symmetry of the system can be observed. The vibrational energy is not equally spread but seems to be rather concentrated in single blades, which is indicated by strongly different amplitudes. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Frequency !! Unit |- | 1 || 16,7 || Hz |- | 2 || 23,4 || Hz |- | 3 || 31,6 || Hz |- | 4 || 56,0 || Hz |- | 5 || 75,0 || Hz |} ==Modeling of the Substructures== The assembly of the wind turbine consists of many different parts. Those parts have different material parameters and are connected to each other in various ways. Since the influence of each individual part on the overall dynamics is unknown, all parts are modeled such that individual material parameters can be given to reach the best matching between simulation and experiment. The first step toward a finite element model which is able to capture the dynamics of the system is to know the geometry. Therefore, the dimensions of the real parts were recorded manually and converted into CAD models. [[File:Details of the hub model.png|200px]][[File:Turbine assembly parts.png|200px]] *'''Blade Model''' Based on the geometry a finite element model of the blade was established with the Hyperworks software by Altair. Due to the complicated shape the geometry is divided in an upper (green) and lower (red) surface of the blade and the flange (blue). The outer layer defined by these three sections is the composite part of the blade surrounding the core material (yellow). Each section can be meshed individually. [[File:Upper_side.png|250px]] [[File:Lower_side.png|227px]] The composite part of the blade is meshed with tria elements with an element size of 10 mm. 3D tetras with the same element size are used for the core of the blade. An intersection of the blade is given in the picture below. [[File:Intersection.png|250px]] As already mentioned, the blade is made out of two different materials. Johansson et al. performed destructive tests in "Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade" to obtain material properties of both the glass fiber composite and the core. Chemical tests, which were performed in their study, indicated that the core, as well as the resin of the glass fiber reinforced skin, consist of polypropylene (PP). The material properties used for the FE-model presented here and resulting from the investigation performed by Johansson et al. are collect in the tables below. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Core |- | Young's Modulus || 1745 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 8.18*10^-10 t/mm³ |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Skin |- | Young's Modulus perpendicular to fiber ||1745 Mpa |- | Young's Modulus in fiber direction || 14500 Mpa |- | Poisson's ratio || 0.3 |- | Density || 1.09*10^-9 t/mm³ |- | Shear Modulus in all directions || 700 Mpa |} The laminate of the composite skin consists of 4 layers, stacked by alternating the direction of the fibers in a 0°/90°/0°/90° order, where the fibers oriented in 0°, span from the blade root to the tip of the blade. Each ply has a thickness of 0.7 mm resulting in a total composite skin thickness of 2.8 mm. The following picture illustrates the laminate of the blade. The arrows point in the fiber direction of the ply. The outer ply has a 90° fiber orientation whereas the first ply on the core is oriented in a 0° angle. [[File:Laminate.png|500px]] A modal analysis was performed with this FE-modal in both free and clamped boundary condition. The clamped condition was realized by putting constraints on nodes of the flange. Results obtained from the free model: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! FE !! !! exp.Blade 1 !! exp. Blade 2 !! exp. Blade 3 |- | 1 || First bending || 49.2 Hz || || 47,0 Hz || 47,7 Hz || 47,7 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending || 139.7 Hz || || 128,2 Hz || 130,3 Hz || 130,6 Hz |- | 3 || First torsional || 220.1 Hz || || 195,5 Hz || 207,0 Hz || 206,4 Hz |- | 4 || Third bending || 272.6 Hz || || 250,6 Hz || 252,9 Hz || 251,3 Hz |- | 5 || Second torsional || 348.5 Hz || || 329,0 Hz || 331,2 Hz || 343,6 Hz |} <gallery> File:First_bending_mode.png| File:Second_bending_mode.png| File:First_torsional_mode.png| File:Third_bending_mode.png| File:Second_torsional_mode.png| {...} </gallery> Results of the model with constraints: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mode !! Type !! FE !! !! exp. Blade 1 !! exp. Blade 2 !! exp. Blade 3 |- | 1 || First bending || 21.5 Hz || || 20,0 Hz || 20,7 Hz || 20,5 Hz |- | 2 || Second bending ||75.8 Hz || || 71,1 Hz || 70,2 Hz || 71,9 Hz |- | 3 || Third bending || 140.2 Hz || || 127,7 Hz || 137,7 Hz || 133,5 Hz |- | 4 || Fourth bending || 189.3 Hz || || 171,5 Hz || 179,2 Hz || 176,8 Hz |- | 5 || First torsional || 208.0 Hz || || 181,1 Hz || 190,6 Hz || 189,5 Hz |} <gallery> File:First_bending_mode_(clamped).png| File:Second_bending_mode_(clamped).png| File:Third_bending_mode_(clamped).png| File:Fourth_bending_mode_(clamped).png| File:First_torsional_mode_(clamped).png| {...} </gallery> *'''Hub Model''' The hub of the wind turbine is a complex part which has numerous components. An intersection of the finite element model can be seen in the picture below. The components are modeled individually and are assembled using compatibility conditions at the contact surfaces. In addition to the parts, which can be seen in the intersection, the epoxy resin is modeled for the sake of completeness. In further investigations, measurements of the hub assembly will be established and a model updating will be performed. [[File:Mesh_of_the_hub_assembly.png|300px]] *'''CAD Assembly Model''' [[File:CAD model complete wind turbine.png|80px]] Geometry files of the assembly in step and iges format. [[:File:Windturbine assembly STP.rar| STEP file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] [[:File:Ampair600WindTurbine assembly IGS.rar| IGES file of Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] *'''Solver input files (mesh) for ABAQUS, ANSYS, and NASTRAN.''' [[:File:Ampair600WT mesh.rar| Solver input files ABAQUS,ANSYS,NASTRAN]] ==Model Updating== Model updating is a method to adjust parameters of a simulation model automatically so that it matches the dynamic behavior of the measured part. In the present case the modal parameters from the experiments are used as reference to adjust the material parameters for the finite element model to obtain better results. For this purpose an objective function is created which includes the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies and -vectors. Reaching a good result in optimization strongly depends on the quality of the finite element model. Since the finite element models themselves contain uncertainties with respect to the real parts a good agreement for all eigenfrequnecies and -vectors could be unachievable. To counteract this problem a weighted sum is introduced which offers more variability for a good compromise of all considered modes. The weighted sum can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ1.png|170px]], where '''''x''''' is the n-dimensional vector of the parameters to be updated, ''f'' represents the single objective functions, ''w'' is the vector with the weighting factors and ''m'' the number of the considered objective functions. In the present case the overall objective function ''J'' is composed of two functions. One represents the frequencies and the other the eigenvectors such that ''J'' can be written as :::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ2.png|150px]]. The weighted sum of the deviation of the measured and simulated eigenfrequencies is denoted by ::::::::::::::::::[[File:EQ3.png|220px]], and the deviation of the eigenvectors in form of weighted MAC values [3] is described by :::::::::::::[[File:EQ4.1.png|190px]] with [[File:EQ4.2.png|350px]]. ==IMAC 2014== The group at the University of Stuttgart presented a paper at IMAC 2014 in which a finite element model is updated to correlate with measurements from a blade. The paper can be accessed [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/File:295_gro_Stuttgart_IMAC2014.pdf here]. The models used are posted on this page. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] ==References== [[File:References.png|800px]] e2e0fc7c9fa92e423cdc6cc98ed0310cb23307f6 6 279 825 2022-05-18T18:54:04Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 280 826 2022-05-18T18:55:06Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 281 827 2022-05-18T18:55:20Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 282 828 2022-05-18T18:55:40Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 283 829 2022-05-18T18:57:26Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 284 830 2022-05-18T18:57:41Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 285 831 2022-05-18T19:01:11Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 286 832 2022-05-18T19:07:40Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 287 833 2022-05-18T19:07:55Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 288 834 2022-05-18T19:08:08Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 289 835 2022-05-18T19:08:23Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 290 836 2022-05-18T19:08:36Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 291 837 2022-05-18T19:13:42Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 292 838 2022-05-18T19:14:00Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 293 839 2022-05-18T19:14:19Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 294 840 2022-05-18T19:14:40Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 295 841 2022-05-18T19:15:02Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 297 843 2022-05-18T19:19:18Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 0 217 849 787 2022-05-18T20:40:09Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division's Wiki.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Dynamic Substructuring Wiki:Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[Test Bed Information]] | Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[:Category:Info|Knowledge Base]] | This is a place to collect information that may be helpful to others in the substructuring community. To see a page with a list of categories, click [[https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:Categories|here]] == Knowledge Base (Including Tutorials on Substructuring) == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link [[IMAC_Substr_Papers|Substructuring Papers in IMAC]] | List of all of the papers from IMAC proceedings in substructuring related sessions [[Bibliography]] | Here is a list of links to conference and journal papers about dynamic substructuring, with space for notes from the authors. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. To request access contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. == About the Dynamic Substructures Technical Division == The Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' [http://sem.org/imac International Modal Analysis Conference] each year. The group is led by * Chair: Matt Allen ([http://byusdrg.com Brigham Young University]) * Vice Chair: Walter D'Ambrogio (http://www.ing.univaq.it/personale/scheda_personale.php?codice=132) * Secretary: Daniel Roettgen ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) and * Historian: Maarten van der Seijs ([https://www.vibestechnology.com/ Vibes Technology) * Past Chair: Andreas Linderholt (https://lnu.se/en/staff/andreas.linderholt/) * Past/Past Chair: Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]). This Wiki is maintained by SEM. == Photo of Attendees at IMAC 2022 and 2020 == [[File:SubstructureTDAttendees-IMAC2022.jpg|800px]] [[File:SubstructureTDAttendees-IMAC2020.jpg|800px]] ffd7c55a244fd07573ba0c5d2f426304fd3c6460 850 849 2022-05-18T20:40:49Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division's Wiki.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Dynamic Substructuring Wiki:Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[Test Bed Information]] | Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[:Category:Info|Knowledge Base]] | This is a place to collect information that may be helpful to others in the substructuring community. To see a page with a list of categories, click [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:Categories here] == Knowledge Base (Including Tutorials on Substructuring) == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link [[IMAC_Substr_Papers|Substructuring Papers in IMAC]] | List of all of the papers from IMAC proceedings in substructuring related sessions [[Bibliography]] | Here is a list of links to conference and journal papers about dynamic substructuring, with space for notes from the authors. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. To request access contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. == About the Dynamic Substructures Technical Division == The Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' [http://sem.org/imac International Modal Analysis Conference] each year. The group is led by * Chair: Matt Allen ([http://byusdrg.com Brigham Young University]) * Vice Chair: Walter D'Ambrogio (http://www.ing.univaq.it/personale/scheda_personale.php?codice=132) * Secretary: Daniel Roettgen ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) and * Historian: Maarten van der Seijs ([https://www.vibestechnology.com/ Vibes Technology) * Past Chair: Andreas Linderholt (https://lnu.se/en/staff/andreas.linderholt/) * Past/Past Chair: Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]). This Wiki is maintained by SEM. == Photo of Attendees at IMAC 2022 and 2020 == [[File:SubstructureTDAttendees-IMAC2022.jpg|800px]] [[File:SubstructureTDAttendees-IMAC2020.jpg|800px]] ec00dca4159c96329a5062f52b00e94b31881ae4 6 298 851 2022-05-18T20:44:25Z Mallen 48 Not often that this guy wins. wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == Not often that this guy wins. a9961718bb978135cfe574dd50b9a905bea8957b 6 299 852 2022-05-18T20:45:36Z Mallen 48 52 point last trick when Dan Rohe was going alone. He played the 10 of diamonds, Dan Roettgen played the ace to win it for the team. wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == 52 point last trick when Dan Rohe was going alone. He played the 10 of diamonds, Dan Roettgen played the ace to win it for the team. 4c11b903b636b53a352267675c45a16dcc0da3c5 6 300 853 2022-05-18T20:46:46Z Mallen 48 Dan Rohe's victorious round. wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == Dan Rohe's victorious round. 3cd0ec115888373086a6ebd7ebb23ddb2fececd8 6 301 854 2022-05-18T20:47:49Z Mallen 48 Outcome of Sheep's Head game on Monday night at IMAC 2017 wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == Outcome of Sheep's Head game on Monday night at IMAC 2017 0e8d318b9cfe6a41fafe7347e5ca617c5bc4c85f 6 302 855 2022-05-18T20:49:41Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 303 856 2022-05-18T20:51:22Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 304 857 2022-05-18T20:51:36Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 305 858 2022-05-18T20:57:38Z Mallen 48 Back view of AWE's blade geometry. (By Matt Allen) wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == Back view of AWE's blade geometry. (By Matt Allen) 0b0e0f60894f9fb4e5a64a9acb84c482cfe796d7 6 306 859 2022-05-18T20:58:10Z Mallen 48 Picture of AWE's geometry open in SolidWorks 2012 Educational. wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == Picture of AWE's geometry open in SolidWorks 2012 Educational. a1d3cb684dc9db8da6545a9c73da9013ed7dd8c3 0 14 860 688 2022-05-18T21:03:44Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiple image | width = 800 | image1 = AWEBladeScan.png | alt1 = Blade Scan | image2 = AWEBladeScan_Back.png | alt2 = Blade Scan Back | footer = Screenshots of AWE's scanned geometry in SolidWorks. }} <!--[[File:AWEBladeScan.png|left|350px|https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/File:Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt]] --><!--[[File:AWEBladeScan_Back.png|left|350px|https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/File:Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt]]--> The Atomic Weapons Establishment used scanning laser measurements to create an accurate geometric model of the blade. This measurement was averaged and curve fitted over 3 Ampair 600 blades. The measurement is available in the text file here: [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/File:Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt]. The file is actually in 'step' model format so please rename to *.stp after downloading. The pictures are screen captures that Matt Allen created in SolidWorks 2012 after opening the *.stp file. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:AmpAir]] e7292da26f098c33c9c433ab164f28afc2e70db8 861 860 2022-05-18T21:05:00Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:AWEBladeScan.png|left|350px|https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/File:Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt]] [[File:AWEBladeScan_Back.png|left|350px|https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/File:Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt]] The Atomic Weapons Establishment used scanning laser measurements to create an accurate geometric model of the blade. This measurement was averaged and curve fitted over 3 Ampair 600 blades. The measurement is available in the text file here: [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/File:Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt]. The file is actually in 'step' model format so please rename to *.stp after downloading. The pictures are screen captures that Matt Allen created in SolidWorks 2012 after opening the *.stp file. [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:AmpAir]] de23310daa315fab6b4306614421f835788a552f 6 307 862 2022-05-18T21:07:46Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 0 111 863 273 2022-05-18T21:08:36Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki These tests were performed during the spring and summer of 2012, presented at IMAC XXXI, Orange Grove, CA, February 2013: [[:File:179_gib.pdf|Spread in Modal Data Obtained From Wind Turbine Blade Testing]] This page discusses the testing only. For the calculations performed, see the calculations page [[Analysis of blade spread from 12 blades-Chalmers]]. == Dynamic testing == The dynamic testing was performed by students in the Chalmers Master course "Structural dynamics - validation" during late spring. The tests were conducted with shaker excitation using a stepped sine input. Each student was assigned one of the twelve blades; as there were more students than blades, some blades were tested twice. Further testing was performed during the summer by Mladen Gibanica, Anders Johansson, Majid Khorsand Vakilzadeh and Sadegh Rahrovani to yield a group of blades tested thrice by different people. 21 accelerometers were used in the dynamic tests of which 20 were placed in approximate accordance with the study presented by Julie Harvie et al at [[University of Massachusetts at Lowell]] during IMACXXX. The 21st accelerometer was used to verify that a direct accelerance measurement was indeed achieved at the input. See further picture below. The frequency range tested was 30-500Hz with a uniform step size of 0.25Hz. [[File: Chalmers_dynmeas_blueprint_blade.png|frame|300px|none|Measurement position of the 20 first accelerometers in test.]][[File: Chalmers_drive_point_blade.png|frame|300px|none|Drive point measurement.]] == Geometric characterization == The geometry of the blades was characterized by using the geometrical tracking system of a milling machine together with a fixture, both seen below. The principal method for comparison of blade-to-blade geometrical spread was comparison of the twist angles of the blades at three different positions; P1-P3, P10-P11 and P18-P19, shown in the figure above. It was found that the discrepancy towards the tip could be as large as 10 degrees. [[File: Chalmers_milling_blade.png|frame|x300px|none|Geometrical measurement setup.]][[File: Chalmers_fixture_blade.png|frame|x300px|none|Geometrical measurement fixture.]] == Data == All data sets are in the matlab data file format .mat. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files. If this data is not readable, contact [mailto:anders.t.johansson@chalmers.se anders.t.johansson@chalmers.se]. [[:File:Chalmers_Blade.rar|Blade data]] | [[Category:Experiments]] dd640af5d61bc58811accacfc6f00ad4a11f7dbc 864 863 2022-05-18T21:10:03Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki These tests were performed during the spring and summer of 2012, presented at IMAC XXXI, Orange Grove, CA, February 2013: [[:File:179_gib.pdf|Spread in Modal Data Obtained From Wind Turbine Blade Testing]] This page discusses the testing only. For the calculations performed, see the calculations page [[Analysis of blade spread from 12 blades-Chalmers]]. == Dynamic testing == The dynamic testing was performed by students in the Chalmers Master course "Structural dynamics - validation" during late spring. The tests were conducted with shaker excitation using a stepped sine input. Each student was assigned one of the twelve blades; as there were more students than blades, some blades were tested twice. Further testing was performed during the summer by Mladen Gibanica, Anders Johansson, Majid Khorsand Vakilzadeh and Sadegh Rahrovani to yield a group of blades tested thrice by different people. 21 accelerometers were used in the dynamic tests of which 20 were placed in approximate accordance with the study presented by Julie Harvie et al at [[University of Massachusetts at Lowell]] during IMACXXX. The 21st accelerometer was used to verify that a direct accelerance measurement was indeed achieved at the input. See further picture below. The frequency range tested was 30-500Hz with a uniform step size of 0.25Hz. [[File: Chalmers_dynmeas_blueprint_blade.png|300px|frame|none|Measurement position of the 20 first accelerometers in test.]][[File: Chalmers_drive_point_blade.png|frame|300px|none|Drive point measurement.]] == Geometric characterization == The geometry of the blades was characterized by using the geometrical tracking system of a milling machine together with a fixture, both seen below. The principal method for comparison of blade-to-blade geometrical spread was comparison of the twist angles of the blades at three different positions; P1-P3, P10-P11 and P18-P19, shown in the figure above. It was found that the discrepancy towards the tip could be as large as 10 degrees. [[File: Chalmers_milling_blade.png|frame|x300px|none|Geometrical measurement setup.]][[File: Chalmers_fixture_blade.png|frame|x300px|none|Geometrical measurement fixture.]] == Data == All data sets are in the matlab data file format .mat. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files. If this data is not readable, contact [mailto:anders.t.johansson@chalmers.se anders.t.johansson@chalmers.se]. [[:File:Chalmers_Blade.rar|Blade data]] | [[Category:Experiments]] c9398b31d1d4e45e5175ee92c67e556dc3361519 865 864 2022-05-18T21:12:33Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki These tests were performed during the spring and summer of 2012, presented at IMAC XXXI, Orange Grove, CA, February 2013: [[:File:179_gib.pdf|Spread in Modal Data Obtained From Wind Turbine Blade Testing]] This page discusses the testing only. For the calculations performed, see the calculations page [[Analysis of blade spread from 12 blades-Chalmers]]. == Dynamic testing == The dynamic testing was performed by students in the Chalmers Master course "Structural dynamics - validation" during late spring. The tests were conducted with shaker excitation using a stepped sine input. Each student was assigned one of the twelve blades; as there were more students than blades, some blades were tested twice. Further testing was performed during the summer by Mladen Gibanica, Anders Johansson, Majid Khorsand Vakilzadeh and Sadegh Rahrovani to yield a group of blades tested thrice by different people. 21 accelerometers were used in the dynamic tests of which 20 were placed in approximate accordance with the study presented by Julie Harvie et al at [[University of Massachusetts at Lowell]] during IMACXXX. The 21st accelerometer was used to verify that a direct accelerance measurement was indeed achieved at the input. See further picture below. The frequency range tested was 30-500Hz with a uniform step size of 0.25Hz. [[File: Chalmers_dynmeas_blueprint_blade.png|frame|width=400|none|Measurement position of the 20 first accelerometers in test.]][[File: Chalmers_drive_point_blade.png|frame|width=400|none|Drive point measurement.]] == Geometric characterization == The geometry of the blades was characterized by using the geometrical tracking system of a milling machine together with a fixture, both seen below. The principal method for comparison of blade-to-blade geometrical spread was comparison of the twist angles of the blades at three different positions; P1-P3, P10-P11 and P18-P19, shown in the figure above. It was found that the discrepancy towards the tip could be as large as 10 degrees. [[File: Chalmers_milling_blade.png|frame|x300px|none|Geometrical measurement setup.]][[File: Chalmers_fixture_blade.png|frame|x300px|none|Geometrical measurement fixture.]] == Data == All data sets are in the matlab data file format .mat. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files. If this data is not readable, contact [mailto:anders.t.johansson@chalmers.se anders.t.johansson@chalmers.se]. [[:File:Chalmers_Blade.rar|Blade data]] | [[Category:Experiments]] db37827dada40063bf0ab45a2adb4f9daaf255c7 0 111 866 865 2022-05-18T21:16:32Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki These tests were performed during the spring and summer of 2012, presented at IMAC XXXI, Orange Grove, CA, February 2013: [[:File:179_gib.pdf|Spread in Modal Data Obtained From Wind Turbine Blade Testing]] This page discusses the testing only. For the calculations performed, see the calculations page [[Analysis of blade spread from 12 blades-Chalmers]]. == Dynamic testing == The dynamic testing was performed by students in the Chalmers Master course "Structural dynamics - validation" during late spring. The tests were conducted with shaker excitation using a stepped sine input. Each student was assigned one of the twelve blades; as there were more students than blades, some blades were tested twice. Further testing was performed during the summer by Mladen Gibanica, Anders Johansson, Majid Khorsand Vakilzadeh and Sadegh Rahrovani to yield a group of blades tested thrice by different people. 21 accelerometers were used in the dynamic tests of which 20 were placed in approximate accordance with the study presented by Julie Harvie et al at [[University of Massachusetts at Lowell]] during IMACXXX. The 21st accelerometer was used to verify that a direct accelerance measurement was indeed achieved at the input. See further picture below. The frequency range tested was 30-500Hz with a uniform step size of 0.25Hz. [[File: Chalmers_dynmeas_blueprint_blade.png|frame|none|left|300px|Measurement position of the 20 first accelerometers in test.]][[File: Chalmers_drive_point_blade.png|frame|width=400|none|Drive point measurement.]] == Geometric characterization == The geometry of the blades was characterized by using the geometrical tracking system of a milling machine together with a fixture, both seen below. The principal method for comparison of blade-to-blade geometrical spread was comparison of the twist angles of the blades at three different positions; P1-P3, P10-P11 and P18-P19, shown in the figure above. It was found that the discrepancy towards the tip could be as large as 10 degrees. [[File: Chalmers_milling_blade.png|frame|x300px|none|Geometrical measurement setup.]][[File: Chalmers_fixture_blade.png|frame|x300px|none|Geometrical measurement fixture.]] == Data == All data sets are in the matlab data file format .mat. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files. If this data is not readable, contact [mailto:anders.t.johansson@chalmers.se anders.t.johansson@chalmers.se]. [[:File:Chalmers_Blade.rar|Blade data]] | [[Category:Experiments]] 6bbdf214986b704441626dfb1264d6ee0b7fb20c 867 866 2022-05-19T01:37:55Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki These tests were performed during the spring and summer of 2012, presented at IMAC XXXI, Orange Grove, CA, February 2013: [[:File:179_gib.pdf|Spread in Modal Data Obtained From Wind Turbine Blade Testing]] This page discusses the testing only. For the calculations performed, see the calculations page [[Analysis of blade spread from 12 blades-Chalmers]]. == Dynamic testing == The dynamic testing was performed by students in the Chalmers Master course "Structural dynamics - validation" during late spring. The tests were conducted with shaker excitation using a stepped sine input. Each student was assigned one of the twelve blades; as there were more students than blades, some blades were tested twice. Further testing was performed during the summer by Mladen Gibanica, Anders Johansson, Majid Khorsand Vakilzadeh and Sadegh Rahrovani to yield a group of blades tested thrice by different people. 21 accelerometers were used in the dynamic tests of which 20 were placed in approximate accordance with the study presented by Julie Harvie et al at [[University of Massachusetts at Lowell]] during IMACXXX. The 21st accelerometer was used to verify that a direct accelerance measurement was indeed achieved at the input. See further picture below. The frequency range tested was 30-500Hz with a uniform step size of 0.25Hz. [[File: Chalmers_dynmeas_blueprint_blade.png|thumb|none|left|300px|Measurement position of the 20 first accelerometers in test.]][[File: Chalmers_drive_point_blade.png|frame|width=400|none|Drive point measurement.]] == Geometric characterization == The geometry of the blades was characterized by using the geometrical tracking system of a milling machine together with a fixture, both seen below. The principal method for comparison of blade-to-blade geometrical spread was comparison of the twist angles of the blades at three different positions; P1-P3, P10-P11 and P18-P19, shown in the figure above. It was found that the discrepancy towards the tip could be as large as 10 degrees. [[File: Chalmers_milling_blade.png|frame|x300px|none|Geometrical measurement setup.]][[File: Chalmers_fixture_blade.png|frame|x300px|none|Geometrical measurement fixture.]] == Data == All data sets are in the matlab data file format .mat. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files. If this data is not readable, contact [mailto:anders.t.johansson@chalmers.se anders.t.johansson@chalmers.se]. [[:File:Chalmers_Blade.rar|Blade data]] | [[Category:Experiments]] abd60c283c4573ab1aa7caf2cb68b60a7322c812 868 867 2022-05-19T01:39:27Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki These tests were performed during the spring and summer of 2012, presented at IMAC XXXI, Orange Grove, CA, February 2013: [[:File:179_gib.pdf|Spread in Modal Data Obtained From Wind Turbine Blade Testing]] This page discusses the testing only. For the calculations performed, see the calculations page [[Analysis of blade spread from 12 blades-Chalmers]]. == Dynamic testing == The dynamic testing was performed by students in the Chalmers Master course "Structural dynamics - validation" during late spring. The tests were conducted with shaker excitation using a stepped sine input. Each student was assigned one of the twelve blades; as there were more students than blades, some blades were tested twice. Further testing was performed during the summer by Mladen Gibanica, Anders Johansson, Majid Khorsand Vakilzadeh and Sadegh Rahrovani to yield a group of blades tested thrice by different people. 21 accelerometers were used in the dynamic tests of which 20 were placed in approximate accordance with the study presented by Julie Harvie et al at [[University of Massachusetts at Lowell]] during IMACXXX. The 21st accelerometer was used to verify that a direct accelerance measurement was indeed achieved at the input. See further picture below. The frequency range tested was 30-500Hz with a uniform step size of 0.25Hz. [[File: Chalmers_dynmeas_blueprint_blade.png|thumb|none|left|600px|Measurement position of the 20 first accelerometers in test.]][[File: Chalmers_drive_point_blade.png|thumb|none|left|600px|Drive point measurement.]] == Geometric characterization == The geometry of the blades was characterized by using the geometrical tracking system of a milling machine together with a fixture, both seen below. The principal method for comparison of blade-to-blade geometrical spread was comparison of the twist angles of the blades at three different positions; P1-P3, P10-P11 and P18-P19, shown in the figure above. It was found that the discrepancy towards the tip could be as large as 10 degrees. [[File: Chalmers_milling_blade.png|frame|x300px|none|Geometrical measurement setup.]][[File: Chalmers_fixture_blade.png|frame|x300px|none|Geometrical measurement fixture.]] == Data == All data sets are in the matlab data file format .mat. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files. If this data is not readable, contact [mailto:anders.t.johansson@chalmers.se anders.t.johansson@chalmers.se]. [[:File:Chalmers_Blade.rar|Blade data]] | [[Category:Experiments]] 134155af08ec3f9be5084070ff04f2b164b7b1b4 869 868 2022-05-19T01:39:45Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki These tests were performed during the spring and summer of 2012, presented at IMAC XXXI, Orange Grove, CA, February 2013: [[:File:179_gib.pdf|Spread in Modal Data Obtained From Wind Turbine Blade Testing]] This page discusses the testing only. For the calculations performed, see the calculations page [[Analysis of blade spread from 12 blades-Chalmers]]. == Dynamic testing == The dynamic testing was performed by students in the Chalmers Master course "Structural dynamics - validation" during late spring. The tests were conducted with shaker excitation using a stepped sine input. Each student was assigned one of the twelve blades; as there were more students than blades, some blades were tested twice. Further testing was performed during the summer by Mladen Gibanica, Anders Johansson, Majid Khorsand Vakilzadeh and Sadegh Rahrovani to yield a group of blades tested thrice by different people. 21 accelerometers were used in the dynamic tests of which 20 were placed in approximate accordance with the study presented by Julie Harvie et al at [[University of Massachusetts at Lowell]] during IMACXXX. The 21st accelerometer was used to verify that a direct accelerance measurement was indeed achieved at the input. See further picture below. The frequency range tested was 30-500Hz with a uniform step size of 0.25Hz. [[File: Chalmers_dynmeas_blueprint_blade.png|thumb|none|left|800px|Measurement position of the 20 first accelerometers in test.]][[File: Chalmers_drive_point_blade.png|thumb|none|left|800px|Drive point measurement.]] == Geometric characterization == The geometry of the blades was characterized by using the geometrical tracking system of a milling machine together with a fixture, both seen below. The principal method for comparison of blade-to-blade geometrical spread was comparison of the twist angles of the blades at three different positions; P1-P3, P10-P11 and P18-P19, shown in the figure above. It was found that the discrepancy towards the tip could be as large as 10 degrees. [[File: Chalmers_milling_blade.png|frame|x300px|none|Geometrical measurement setup.]][[File: Chalmers_fixture_blade.png|frame|x300px|none|Geometrical measurement fixture.]] == Data == All data sets are in the matlab data file format .mat. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files. If this data is not readable, contact [mailto:anders.t.johansson@chalmers.se anders.t.johansson@chalmers.se]. [[:File:Chalmers_Blade.rar|Blade data]] | [[Category:Experiments]] 13231de3563284e46a7b730cc502fad9ee6c210e 0 17 870 679 2022-05-19T01:51:54Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|right|50px|link=http://wisc.edu]] ==Overview== The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine. Note that M.S. Allen, the PI of the Structural Dynamics Research Group at UW-Madison has moved to [[BYU]]: http://byusdrg.com <br clear="all"> <gallery> File:UW_2Blade_Turbine.jpg| File:UW Full Turbine Points.jpg| File:UW Blade Back.jpg| File:UW NoBlade Turbine Front.jpg {...} </gallery> ==Experiments Performed== *Tests Performed Fall 2011 **[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] **[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *Tests performed by Dan Rohe (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia) **[[Full Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[Hub + 3 Blades]] (forthcoming) **[[Tower + Hub]] (forthcoming) *Tests performed by Dan Roettgen (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia) **[[Rotor System Tests (Single and Three Bladed Assembly)]] *Nonlinear Substructure Test Data **[[Nonlinear Amp-Air Wind Turbine Assembly]] == Calculations Performed == * Substructuring of UW-Madison Test Results (~Fall 2011) **[[UW Blade to Fixed-Base]] (forthcoming) **[[UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine]] (forthcoming) **[[UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine]] (forthcoming) * Substructuring of Sandia Test Results (Summer 2012) **[[Hub+blades to Hub+Tower]] (forthcoming) **Paper Describing This: [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/File:RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf] * Substructuring of Test Results (Summer 2014) **[[Single-Blade and Hub Test used to reconstruct Three-Bladed Assembly]] (forthcoming) == Summary of Ampair Tests == * Dan Rohe's thesis contains an excellent discussion of the experiments performed at UW-Madison and the difficulties encountered. A second set of tests was performed at Sandia (will post that data when we are able) and far better results were obtained. His thesis is available below. * [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/File:RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf] == Links == *[http://byusdrg.com Matt Allen's Home Page] *[http://www.engr.wisc.edu/ UW-Madison College of Engineering Homepage] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Broken Links]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] [[Category:AmpAir]] [[Category:Sheepshead]] *[[Virginia Tech]] Virginia Tech Page 299c8ad9b8fdaa95865e0175c153875465a07e70 896 870 2022-05-19T02:15:27Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WisconsinCrest.png|right|50px|link=http://wisc.edu]] ==Overview== The University of Wisconsin--Madison has performed multiple tests on the turbine in various stages of disassembly. Current Plans are to perform substructuring predictions with some of these models, for instance, fixing one blade to a rigid boundary condition and attaching a blade to the disassembled turbine. Note that M.S. Allen, the PI of the Structural Dynamics Research Group at UW-Madison has moved to [[BYU]]: http://byusdrg.com <br clear="all"> <gallery> File:UW_2Blade_Turbine.jpg| File:UW Full Turbine Points.jpg| File:UW Blade Back.jpg| File:UW NoBlade Turbine Front.jpg {...} </gallery> ==Experiments Performed== *Tests Performed Fall 2011 **[[2-bladed Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Full Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] **[[Mass Loaded Blade Test-UW Madison]] **[[No-blade Turbine Roving Hammer Test-UW Madison]] *Tests performed by Dan Rohe (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia) **Full Turbine (available upon request) **Hub + 3 Blades (available upon request) **Tower + Hub (available upon request) *Tests performed by Dan Roettgen (UW-Madison) and Randall Mayes (Sandia) **[[Rotor System Tests (Single and Three Bladed Assembly)]] *Nonlinear Substructure Test Data **[[Nonlinear Amp-Air Wind Turbine Assembly]] == Calculations Performed == * Substructuring of UW-Madison Test Results (~Fall 2011) **UW Blade to Fixed-Base (available upon request) **UW Blade to 2-bladed Turbine (available upon request) **UW 3 Blades to Blade-less Turbine (available upon request) * Substructuring of Sandia Test Results (Summer 2012) **Hub+blades to Hub+Tower (available upon request) **Paper Describing This: [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/File:RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf RoheMayes_SubstAmpairWT_IMAC2013.pdf] * Substructuring of Test Results (Summer 2014) **Single-Blade and Hub Test used to reconstruct Three-Bladed Assembly (available upon request) == Summary of Ampair Tests == * Dan Rohe's thesis contains an excellent discussion of the experiments performed at UW-Madison and the difficulties encountered. A second set of tests was performed at Sandia (will post that data when we are able) and far better results were obtained. His thesis is available below. * [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/File:RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf RoheD_MSThesis_SubstructuringValidation.pdf] == Links == *[http://byusdrg.com Matt Allen's Home Page] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Broken Links]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] [[Category:AmpAir]] [[Category:Sheepshead]] d83f88eb5b3367321dba4bee02f8ebc48b19001a 6 308 871 2022-05-19T01:53:25Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 309 872 2022-05-19T01:53:50Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 310 873 2022-05-19T01:54:15Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 311 874 2022-05-19T01:54:53Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 312 875 2022-05-19T02:00:28Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 313 876 2022-05-19T02:00:58Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 314 877 2022-05-19T02:01:24Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 315 878 2022-05-19T02:01:39Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 316 879 2022-05-19T02:02:09Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 317 880 2022-05-19T02:02:31Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 318 881 2022-05-19T02:02:55Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 319 882 2022-05-19T02:03:07Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 320 883 2022-05-19T02:03:23Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 321 884 2022-05-19T02:03:41Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 322 885 2022-05-19T02:04:02Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 323 886 2022-05-19T02:04:23Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 324 887 2022-05-19T02:04:42Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 325 888 2022-05-19T02:05:01Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 326 889 2022-05-19T02:05:13Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 0 22 890 696 2022-05-19T02:06:51Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Details== This test was performed in early January 2012 Two sets of measurements were taken with varying accelerometer locations. The hammer was roved over approximately 40 points on the structure to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points, primarily on the blade. The span of the test was 0 to 800 Hz. == Photos == [[File: UW_2Blade_Turbine.jpg|frameless|upright=1.5|2-bladed Turbine Configuration]] == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geometry.uff|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Turbine_Test_1.rar|Dataset 1]] | [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Turbine_Test_2.rar|Dataset 2]] <gallery> Image: UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geo.jpg | Test Geometry, Front View Image: UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geo_Side.jpg | Test Geometry, Side View </gallery> == Results == <gallery> Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_1.jpg | Mode 1 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_2.jpg | Mode 2 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_3.jpg | Mode 3 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_4.jpg | Mode 4 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_5.jpg | Mode 5 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_6.jpg | Mode 6 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_7.jpg | Mode 7 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_8.jpg | Mode 8 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_9.jpg | Mode 9 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_10.jpg | Mode 10 </gallery> [[Category:Experiments]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] 3478c3d2080dd1ebe73f18f73c657a92563bed9f 891 890 2022-05-19T02:08:43Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Details== This test was performed in early January 2012 Two sets of measurements were taken with varying accelerometer locations. The hammer was roved over approximately 40 points on the structure to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points, primarily on the blade. The span of the test was 0 to 800 Hz. == Photos == [[File: UW_2Blade_Turbine.jpg|frameless|upright=1.5|2-bladed Turbine Configuration]] == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geometry.zip|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Turbine_Test_1.rar|Dataset 1]] | [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Turbine_Test_2.rar|Dataset 2]] <gallery> Image: UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geo.jpg | Test Geometry, Front View Image: UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geo_Side.jpg | Test Geometry, Side View </gallery> == Results == <gallery> Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_1.jpg | Mode 1 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_2.jpg | Mode 2 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_3.jpg | Mode 3 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_4.jpg | Mode 4 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_5.jpg | Mode 5 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_6.jpg | Mode 6 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_7.jpg | Mode 7 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_8.jpg | Mode 8 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_9.jpg | Mode 9 Image: UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_10.jpg | Mode 10 </gallery> [[Category:Experiments]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] 3d91808e59f6c28347c4489eb95bf2650159ef17 0 25 892 351 2022-05-19T02:09:31Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki == Test Information == This test was performed in early January 2012 Two sets of measurement were taken with separate accelerometer positions. The hammer was roved over approximately 60 points on the structure to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points, primarily on the blades. The span of the test was 0 to 800 Hz. Due to a hardware limitation of 4 channels (3 accelerometers and 1 hammer) per test, the data was taken in two sets, using a total of 6 accelerometer locations. The accelerometers were placed off-center (to capture blade torsion) near the tips of the blades, and on the turbine nacelle. B+K Pulse Labshop software was used for data acquisition. == Photos == <gallery> Image:UW_Full_Test_Accel_Mount.jpg|Typical Blade Accelerometer Setup Image:UW_Full_Test_Accel_Mount_Hub.jpg|Hub Accelerometers, Triaxial and Single Axis Image:UW_Full_Turbine_Accel_Locs.jpg|All Accelerometers--Wires were secured for test Image:UW_Full_Turbine_Points.jpg|Points used in Testing </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_Full_Turbine_Geometry.zip|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_Full_Turbine_Test_1.rar|Dataset 1]] | [[:File:UW_Full_Turbine_Test_2.rar|Dataset 2]] <gallery> Image:UW_Full_turbine_geo.jpg | Point Resolution, Front View Image:UW_Full_turbine_geo_side.jpg | Point Resolution, Side View </gallery> == Results == <gallery> Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_1.jpg | Mode 1 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_2.jpg | Mode 2 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_3.jpg | Mode 3 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_4.jpg | Mode 4 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_5.jpg | Mode 5 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_6.jpg | Mode 6 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_7.jpg | Mode 7 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_8.jpg | Mode 8 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_9.jpg | Mode 9 Image: UW_FullTurbine_Mode_10.jpg | Mode 10 </gallery> [[Category:Experiments]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] cc4902575ab9fa62c174388fa10d2caec9d2a099 0 24 893 352 2022-05-19T02:10:21Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki This test was performed in early January 2012. One set of measurements was taken. The hammer was roved over approximately 20 points to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points. == Mass-Loading Fixture == To mass-load the interface, a block of steel was sandwiched between two aluminum plates, similar to how the blade is held by the wind turbine. This added mass represents a type of transmission simulator for the blade. It is mostly rigid in the frequency span of interest. == Photos == <gallery> Image: UW_Blade_Front.jpg | Front View of test frame and soft spring support condition Image: UW_Blade_Back.jpg | Back Side of the blade with accelerometers visible Image: UW_Blade_Back_2.jpg | Close up of tip accelerometer </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_Blade_Test_Geometry.zip|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_Mass_Loaded_Blade_Test.rar|Dataset 1]] <gallery> Image:UW_Blade_Geo.jpg | Point Resolution, Front View </gallery> == Results == <gallery> Image: UW_MLBlade_Mode_1.jpg | Mode 1 Image: UW_MLBlade_Mode_2.jpg | Mode 2 Image: UW_MLBlade_Mode_3.jpg | Mode 3 Image: UW_MLBlade_Mode_4.jpg | Mode 4 Image: UW_MLBlade_Mode_5.jpg | Mode 5 Image: UW_MLBlade_Mode_6.jpg | Mode 6 </gallery> [[Category:Experiments]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] 05d15dc240cefb592d903300e6b8f4bab3c13aa0 0 36 894 353 2022-05-19T02:11:08Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki This test was performed in early January 2012 One set of measurements were taken. The hammer was roved over approximately 20 points on the structure to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points, primarily on the blade. The span of the test was 0 to 800 Hz. == Photos == <gallery> Image: UW_NoBlade_Turbine_Front.jpg | Front View Image: UW_NoBlade_Turbine.jpg | Rear View </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_No_Blade_Test_Geometry.zip|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_NoBlade_Turbine_Test.rar|Dataset 1]] <gallery> Image: UW_Zero_Blade_Test_Geo.jpg | Point Resolution, Front View Image: UW_Zero_Blade_Test_Geo_Side.jpg | Point Resolution, Side View </gallery> == Results == <gallery> Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_1.jpg | Mode 1 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_2.jpg | Mode 2 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_3.jpg | Mode 3 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_4.jpg | Mode 4 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_5.jpg | Mode 5 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_6.jpg | Mode 6 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_7.jpg | Mode 7 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_8.jpg | Mode 8 Image: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_9.jpg | Mode 9 </gallery> [[Category:Experiments]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] 3c5017f917e50e2c752b9ac45cc38eddbbd807a7 0 201 895 792 2022-05-19T02:12:45Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Details== This test was performed in summer 2014. Measurements were taken from a single blade and hub and three blade and hub assembly using a hammer impulse. == Photos == <gallery> Image: 3bladeV2.jpg | 3-Bladed Rotor Assembly Image: 1bladeV2.jpg | 1-Bladed Rotor Assembly </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in .mat format. Test shapes have been uploaded. The ZIP file contains a single blade and hub shape results, a set of shapes for the single hub, and then the full three-bladed assembly truth test results. [[:File:UW Ampair TestShapes2014.zip|Test Shape]] <gallery> Image: UW2014 SS CoordinateSys.PNG | Coordinate System Diagram Image: MeasurementResolution2014 UW SS.jpg | Measurement Resolution </gallery> == Results == Mode Shape Images Forthcoming. [[Category:Experiments]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] b39704deb3e09bb849ea7fa873e0c41956e7c416 0 217 897 850 2022-05-29T18:53:49Z Danroettgen 50 /* Dynamic Substructuring Wiki:Main Pages */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division's Wiki.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Dynamic Substructuring Wiki:Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[Test Bed Information]] | Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine [[Round Robin Frame Structure]] | Information on the new round-robin frame structure [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[:Category:Info|Knowledge Base]] | This is a place to collect information that may be helpful to others in the substructuring community. To see a page with a list of categories, click [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:Categories here] == Knowledge Base (Including Tutorials on Substructuring) == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link [[IMAC_Substr_Papers|Substructuring Papers in IMAC]] | List of all of the papers from IMAC proceedings in substructuring related sessions [[Bibliography]] | Here is a list of links to conference and journal papers about dynamic substructuring, with space for notes from the authors. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. To request access contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. == About the Dynamic Substructures Technical Division == The Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' [http://sem.org/imac International Modal Analysis Conference] each year. The group is led by * Chair: Matt Allen ([http://byusdrg.com Brigham Young University]) * Vice Chair: Walter D'Ambrogio (http://www.ing.univaq.it/personale/scheda_personale.php?codice=132) * Secretary: Daniel Roettgen ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) and * Historian: Maarten van der Seijs ([https://www.vibestechnology.com/ Vibes Technology) * Past Chair: Andreas Linderholt (https://lnu.se/en/staff/andreas.linderholt/) * Past/Past Chair: Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]). This Wiki is maintained by SEM. == Photo of Attendees at IMAC 2022 and 2020 == [[File:SubstructureTDAttendees-IMAC2022.jpg|800px]] [[File:SubstructureTDAttendees-IMAC2020.jpg|800px]] 0f1a5f97060df88b041871c62709b03515be872c 0 327 898 2022-05-29T18:54:05Z Danroettgen 50 Created page with "The test bed that the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen is an Ampair 600 Wind Turbine. This turbine was purchased and then modified to decrease the nonlinearities..." wikitext text/x-wiki The test bed that the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen is an Ampair 600 Wind Turbine. This turbine was purchased and then modified to decrease the nonlinearities in the system. == Ampair 600 Wind Turbine == [[File:FullTurbineV2.png|200px|right|Ampair 600 Turbine]] The Ampair 600 Wind Turbine we are working with is the stock wind turbine with some of the electrical 'guts' removed, and replaced with solid masses. The tail has also been replaced with a smaller version. The turbine hub and nacelle are fixed to a flag pole which is fixed to a large mass. This large mass is then floating on a trampoline to simulate a free-free test condition. More information can be found here: [[:File:Substructuring_Testbed_Assembly_Instructions.pdf|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:TestBedPoster.pdf|Testbed Poster]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! ==Available Information== *Models **[[Atomic_Weapons_Establishment|AWE Scanned Geometry Model]] **[[University_of_Stuttgart|FEM Solver Input Files from Stuttgart]] **[[L%27Aquila|Geometry Step File from L'Aquila]] *Experimental Data **[[Wisconsin|Various Experimental Datasets from UW-Madison]] **[[Chalmers_University|Testing and Characterization of several blades by Chalmers University]] **[[Sandia_National_Laboratories|Experimental Data from Sandia National Labs]] [[Category:AmpAir]] cbf34713437ce235c3c163e71a82ebc3254dd865 900 898 2022-05-29T19:05:51Z Danroettgen 50 wikitext text/x-wiki With the formation of the Dynamic Substructures TD, the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen a new simplified test bed structure - the four unit frame. This structure can be modified to a variety of applications including: aerospace, automotive, and civil uses. == Four Unit Frame == [[File:FrameHmrCompare.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Four Unit Frame]] [[File:FullTurbineV2.png|200px|right|Ampair 600 Turbine]] The Ampair 600 Wind Turbine we are working with is the stock wind turbine with some of the electrical 'guts' removed, and replaced with solid masses. The tail has also been replaced with a smaller version. The turbine hub and nacelle are fixed to a flag pole which is fixed to a large mass. This large mass is then floating on a trampoline to simulate a free-free test condition. More information can be found here: [[:File:Substructuring_Testbed_Assembly_Instructions.pdf|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:TestBedPoster.pdf|Testbed Poster]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! ==Available Information== *Models **[[Atomic_Weapons_Establishment|AWE Scanned Geometry Model]] **[[University_of_Stuttgart|FEM Solver Input Files from Stuttgart]] **[[L%27Aquila|Geometry Step File from L'Aquila]] *Experimental Data **[[Wisconsin|Various Experimental Datasets from UW-Madison]] **[[Chalmers_University|Testing and Characterization of several blades by Chalmers University]] **[[Sandia_National_Laboratories|Experimental Data from Sandia National Labs]] [[Category:AmpAir]] 37bfbb2d18f00b6e76f3083a11c10fb8a8ded506 901 900 2022-05-29T19:08:22Z Danroettgen 50 wikitext text/x-wiki With the formation of the Dynamic Substructures TD, the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen a new simplified test bed structure - the four unit frame. This structure can be modified to a variety of applications including: aerospace, automotive, and civil uses. == Four Unit Frame == [[File:FrameHmrCompare.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Four Unit Frame]] A subteam on the Dynamic Substructures TD designed this four unit frame after brainstorming some criteria for the structure. '''Key Features''' *Manufactured from one piece of metal of stock *Subcomponent and shaker attachment points machined into frame *Adaptable to many types of studies *Possible circular/recursive transfer path *Large enough to minimize error due to mass loading More information can be found here: [[:File:Substructuring_Testbed_Assembly_Instructions.pdf|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:TestBedPoster.pdf|Testbed Poster]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! ==Available Information== *Models **[[Atomic_Weapons_Establishment|AWE Scanned Geometry Model]] **[[University_of_Stuttgart|FEM Solver Input Files from Stuttgart]] **[[L%27Aquila|Geometry Step File from L'Aquila]] *Experimental Data **[[Wisconsin|Various Experimental Datasets from UW-Madison]] **[[Chalmers_University|Testing and Characterization of several blades by Chalmers University]] **[[Sandia_National_Laboratories|Experimental Data from Sandia National Labs]] [[Category:AmpAir]] 5295fea18d6d1dddf487485b689ef0be94ce3b28 903 901 2022-05-29T19:10:29Z Danroettgen 50 wikitext text/x-wiki With the formation of the Dynamic Substructures TD, the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen a new simplified test bed structure - the four unit frame. This structure can be modified to a variety of applications including: aerospace, automotive, and civil uses. == Four Unit Frame == [[File:FrameHmrCompare.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Four Unit Frame]] A subteam on the Dynamic Substructures TD designed this four unit frame after brainstorming some criteria for the structure. '''Key Features''' *Manufactured from one piece of metal of stock *Subcomponent and shaker attachment points machined into frame *Adaptable to many types of studies *Possible circular/recursive transfer path *Large enough to minimize error due to mass loading More information can be found here: [[coming soon|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[File:2022 IMAC Recap.pdf|Frame Substructuring Kickoff PDF]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! ==Available Information== *Models **[[Atomic_Weapons_Establishment|AWE Scanned Geometry Model]] **[[University_of_Stuttgart|FEM Solver Input Files from Stuttgart]] **[[L%27Aquila|Geometry Step File from L'Aquila]] *Experimental Data **[[Wisconsin|Various Experimental Datasets from UW-Madison]] **[[Chalmers_University|Testing and Characterization of several blades by Chalmers University]] **[[Sandia_National_Laboratories|Experimental Data from Sandia National Labs]] [[Category:AmpAir]] a54dbabb63b674e2c77d7ef9e9b53622892a8032 904 903 2022-05-29T19:11:42Z Danroettgen 50 wikitext text/x-wiki With the formation of the Dynamic Substructures TD, the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen a new simplified test bed structure - the four unit frame. This structure can be modified to a variety of applications including: aerospace, automotive, and civil uses. == Four Unit Frame == [[File:FrameHmrCompare.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Four Unit Frame]] A subteam on the Dynamic Substructures TD designed this four unit frame after brainstorming some criteria for the structure. '''Key Features''' *Manufactured from one piece of metal of stock *Subcomponent and shaker attachment points machined into frame *Adaptable to many types of studies *Possible circular/recursive transfer path *Large enough to minimize error due to mass loading More information can be found here: [[coming soon|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:2022 IMAC Recap.pdf|Frame Substructuring Kickoff PDF]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! ==Available Information== *Models **[[Atomic_Weapons_Establishment|AWE Scanned Geometry Model]] **[[University_of_Stuttgart|FEM Solver Input Files from Stuttgart]] **[[L%27Aquila|Geometry Step File from L'Aquila]] *Experimental Data **[[Wisconsin|Various Experimental Datasets from UW-Madison]] **[[Chalmers_University|Testing and Characterization of several blades by Chalmers University]] **[[Sandia_National_Laboratories|Experimental Data from Sandia National Labs]] [[Category:AmpAir]] ef443d80bc86e6b041c16f22db814a57a6c6a8c3 905 904 2022-05-29T19:13:25Z Danroettgen 50 Page generation wikitext text/x-wiki With the formation of the Dynamic Substructures TD, the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen a new simplified test bed structure - the four unit frame. This structure can be modified to a variety of applications including: aerospace, automotive, and civil uses. == Four Unit Frame == [[File:FrameHmrCompare.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Four Unit Frame]] A subteam on the Dynamic Substructures TD designed this four unit frame after brainstorming some criteria for the structure. '''Key Features''' *Manufactured from one piece of metal of stock *Subcomponent and shaker attachment points machined into frame *Adaptable to many types of studies *Possible circular/recursive transfer path *Large enough to minimize error due to mass loading More information can be found here: [[coming soon|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:2022 IMAC Recap.pdf|Frame Substructuring Kickoff PDF]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! ==Available Information== *Models **[[SEM 4UF Solid Models| Solid Models]] *Experimental Data **[[SEM 4UF Data| Test Data]] **[[Meaured Properties| Measured Properties [[Category:Dynamic Substructure Four Unit Frame]] c32236be33867af450e5beb8a3a74e02f5c45799 908 905 2022-05-29T19:18:08Z Danroettgen 50 /* Available Information */ wikitext text/x-wiki With the formation of the Dynamic Substructures TD, the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen a new simplified test bed structure - the four unit frame. This structure can be modified to a variety of applications including: aerospace, automotive, and civil uses. == Four Unit Frame == [[File:FrameHmrCompare.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Four Unit Frame]] A subteam on the Dynamic Substructures TD designed this four unit frame after brainstorming some criteria for the structure. '''Key Features''' *Manufactured from one piece of metal of stock *Subcomponent and shaker attachment points machined into frame *Adaptable to many types of studies *Possible circular/recursive transfer path *Large enough to minimize error due to mass loading More information can be found here: [[coming soon|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:2022 IMAC Recap.pdf|Frame Substructuring Kickoff PDF]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! ==Available Information== *Models **[[SEM 4UF Solid Models| Solid Models]] *Experimental Data **[[SEM 4UF Data| Test Data]] **[[Meaured Properties| Measured Properties]] [[Category:Dynamic Substructure Four Unit Frame]] f0c90067bdb57a299d9187f47c97ed6fdba5ed3c 911 908 2022-05-29T19:23:41Z Danroettgen 50 /* Available Information */ wikitext text/x-wiki With the formation of the Dynamic Substructures TD, the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen a new simplified test bed structure - the four unit frame. This structure can be modified to a variety of applications including: aerospace, automotive, and civil uses. == Four Unit Frame == [[File:FrameHmrCompare.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Four Unit Frame]] A subteam on the Dynamic Substructures TD designed this four unit frame after brainstorming some criteria for the structure. '''Key Features''' *Manufactured from one piece of metal of stock *Subcomponent and shaker attachment points machined into frame *Adaptable to many types of studies *Possible circular/recursive transfer path *Large enough to minimize error due to mass loading More information can be found here: [[coming soon|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:2022 IMAC Recap.pdf|Frame Substructuring Kickoff PDF]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! ==Available Information== *Models **[[SEM 4UF Solid Models| Solid Models]] *Experimental Data **[[SEM 4UF Data| Test Data]] **[[Meaured Properties| Measured Properties]] ==Current Challenge== ==Results== [[Category:Dynamic Substructure Four Unit Frame]] d844c045809737773ee24dec1f078377c2f025df 912 911 2022-05-29T19:23:59Z Danroettgen 50 /* Results */ wikitext text/x-wiki With the formation of the Dynamic Substructures TD, the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen a new simplified test bed structure - the four unit frame. This structure can be modified to a variety of applications including: aerospace, automotive, and civil uses. == Four Unit Frame == [[File:FrameHmrCompare.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Four Unit Frame]] A subteam on the Dynamic Substructures TD designed this four unit frame after brainstorming some criteria for the structure. '''Key Features''' *Manufactured from one piece of metal of stock *Subcomponent and shaker attachment points machined into frame *Adaptable to many types of studies *Possible circular/recursive transfer path *Large enough to minimize error due to mass loading More information can be found here: [[coming soon|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:2022 IMAC Recap.pdf|Frame Substructuring Kickoff PDF]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! ==Available Information== *Models **[[SEM 4UF Solid Models| Solid Models]] *Experimental Data **[[SEM 4UF Data| Test Data]] **[[Meaured Properties| Measured Properties]] ==Current Challenge== ==Results== *Sandia 2022 IMAC Results [[Category:Dynamic Substructure Four Unit Frame]] 4db81f458b663ef0c3087c490257804b9a8867a6 913 912 2022-05-29T19:24:44Z Danroettgen 50 /* Available Information */ wikitext text/x-wiki With the formation of the Dynamic Substructures TD, the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen a new simplified test bed structure - the four unit frame. This structure can be modified to a variety of applications including: aerospace, automotive, and civil uses. == Four Unit Frame == [[File:FrameHmrCompare.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Four Unit Frame]] A subteam on the Dynamic Substructures TD designed this four unit frame after brainstorming some criteria for the structure. '''Key Features''' *Manufactured from one piece of metal of stock *Subcomponent and shaker attachment points machined into frame *Adaptable to many types of studies *Possible circular/recursive transfer path *Large enough to minimize error due to mass loading More information can be found here: [[coming soon|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:2022 IMAC Recap.pdf|Frame Substructuring Kickoff PDF]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! ==Available Information== *Models **[[SEM 4UF Solid Models| Solid Models]] *Experimental Data **[[SEM 4UF Data| Test Data]] **[[SEM 4UF Measured Properties| Measured Properties]] ==Current Challenge== ==Results== *Sandia 2022 IMAC Results [[Category:Dynamic Substructure Four Unit Frame]] 0f4030fc4f1dbee8fd5c2ecf0246c2308b1c8d56 6 328 899 2022-05-29T19:05:34Z Danroettgen 50 wikitext text/x-wiki Four Unit Frame with Typical Modal Hammer 6046c6bc7c3af6c45528aa1a00f6ec3f061cbf9e 6 329 902 2022-05-29T19:10:12Z Danroettgen 50 wikitext text/x-wiki 2022 IMAC Substructuring Kick-Off c43d06ddcf273f3ef6a20772d05f8bfe9376a250 6 330 906 2022-05-29T19:16:39Z Danroettgen 50 wikitext text/x-wiki Four Unit Frame Models 772614d5ded531bcc56fb80b8a5372ee91ee28ea 0 331 907 2022-05-29T19:17:12Z Danroettgen 50 Created page with "Solid Models for the Four Unit Frame can be found here. == Four Unit Frame Solid Models == Solid Models: :File:FourUnitFrameModels.zip| Zip folder with SLDPRT files for Fr..." wikitext text/x-wiki Solid Models for the Four Unit Frame can be found here. == Four Unit Frame Solid Models == Solid Models: [[:File:FourUnitFrameModels.zip| Zip folder with SLDPRT files for Frame, Thin Wing, and Transmission Simulator]] [[Category:Dynamic Substructure Four Unit Frame]] eef8e2fb143c8fec2fbf05e603593950586fd687 0 332 909 2022-05-29T19:22:24Z Danroettgen 50 Created page with "Test data taken by Sandia National Laboratories using scanning LDV system for frames, thin wings, and thick wings. == Geometry == Current test geometries available for: *Fra..." wikitext text/x-wiki Test data taken by Sandia National Laboratories using scanning LDV system for frames, thin wings, and thick wings. == Geometry == Current test geometries available for: *Frame SN001-SN005 and SN007-SN009 *Thin Wing Geometry fro SN001-009 *Thick Wing Geometry fro SN001-009 *Assembly SN007 [Frame] Wing007A [Thin Wing] [https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1BLAimlw1XhjsLjmci4X2Mp8FOrEYiA8u?usp=sharing Drive with UNV Test Geometries] ==FRFs== Current test data available for: *Frame SN001-SN005 and SN007-SN009 *Thin Wing Geometry fro SN001-009 *Thick Wing Geometry fro SN001-009 [https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/14tTKaN-ins7MvVH-uipbiIpKe1kY4Sd6?usp=sharing Drive with UNV FRF Measurements ] [[Category:Dynamic Substructure Four Unit Frame]] 885d0699324c48d31dac6dae1be2b87ebb08921c 910 909 2022-05-29T19:23:06Z Danroettgen 50 wikitext text/x-wiki Test data taken by Sandia National Laboratories using scanning LDV system for the Dynamic Substructuring Four Unit frames, thin wings, and thick wings. == Geometry == Current test geometries available for: *Frame SN001-SN005 and SN007-SN009 *Thin Wing Geometry fro SN001-009 *Thick Wing Geometry fro SN001-009 *Assembly SN007 [Frame] Wing007A [Thin Wing] [https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1BLAimlw1XhjsLjmci4X2Mp8FOrEYiA8u?usp=sharing Drive with UNV Test Geometries] ==FRFs== Current test data available for: *Frame SN001-SN005 and SN007-SN009 *Thin Wing Geometry fro SN001-009 *Thick Wing Geometry fro SN001-009 [https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/14tTKaN-ins7MvVH-uipbiIpKe1kY4Sd6?usp=sharing Drive with UNV FRF Measurements ] [[Category:Dynamic Substructure Four Unit Frame]] fa6c12951cac3f1e929a867863d0cf07f0f35ed9 0 333 914 2022-05-29T19:31:27Z Danroettgen 50 Created page with "Modal frequency and weight measurements taken by Sandia National Laboratories for the Dynamic Substructuring Four Unit frames, thin wings, and thick wings. == Weights == {|..." wikitext text/x-wiki Modal frequency and weight measurements taken by Sandia National Laboratories for the Dynamic Substructuring Four Unit frames, thin wings, and thick wings. == Weights == {| class="wikitable" |+ Four Unit Frames |- ! Serial Number !! Weight [lb] |- | SN001 || 1.381 |- | SN002 || 1.376 |- | SN003 || 1.379 |- | SN004 || 1.372 |- | SN005 || 1.371 |- | SN007 || - |- | SN008 || - |- | SN009 || - |} {| class="wikitable" |+ Wings |- ! Thin Wing Serial Number !! Weight [lb] !! Thick Wing Serial Number !! Weight [lb] |- | WING001A || 1.1545 || WING001B || 2.4905 |- | WING002A || 1.1615 || WING002B || 2.4805 |- | WING003A || 1.1520 || WING003B || 2.4980 |- | WING004A || 1.1645 || WING004B || 2.4975 |- | WING005A || 1.1615 || WING005B || 2.4945 |- | WING006A || - || WING006B || - |- | WING007A || - || WING007B || - |- | WING008A || - || WING008B || - |- | WING009A || - || WING009B || - |} ==FRFs== Current test data available for: *Frame SN001-SN005 and SN007-SN009 *Thin Wing Geometry fro SN001-009 *Thick Wing Geometry fro SN001-009 [https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/14tTKaN-ins7MvVH-uipbiIpKe1kY4Sd6?usp=sharing Drive with UNV FRF Measurements ] [[Category:Dynamic Substructure Four Unit Frame]] b555ae3c4404b85f545039129af257ec2eefa4f4 915 914 2022-05-29T19:38:58Z Danroettgen 50 wikitext text/x-wiki Modal frequency and weight measurements taken by Sandia National Laboratories for the Dynamic Substructuring Four Unit frames, thin wings, and thick wings. == Weights == Weights measured by Sandia National Laboratories. {| class="wikitable" |+ Four Unit Frames |- ! Serial Number !! Weight [lb] |- | SN001 || 1.381 |- | SN002 || 1.376 |- | SN003 || 1.379 |- | SN004 || 1.372 |- | SN005 || 1.371 |- | SN007 || - |- | SN008 || - |- | SN009 || - |} {| class="wikitable" |+ Wings |- ! Thin Wing Serial Number !! Weight [lb] !! Thick Wing Serial Number !! Weight [lb] |- | WING001A || 1.1545 || WING001B || 2.4905 |- | WING002A || 1.1615 || WING002B || 2.4805 |- | WING003A || 1.1520 || WING003B || 2.4980 |- | WING004A || 1.1645 || WING004B || 2.4975 |- | WING005A || 1.1615 || WING005B || 2.4945 |- | WING006A || - || WING006B || - |- | WING007A || - || WING007B || - |- | WING008A || - || WING008B || - |- | WING009A || - || WING009B || - |} ==Modal Frequencies== Modal frequencies from LDV testing {| class="wikitable" |+ Four Unit Frames Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Serial Number !! SN001 !! SN002 !! SN003 !! SN004 !! SN005 |- | 1 || 246.25 || 237.81 || 234.18 || 234.18 || 239.69 |- | 2 || 301.41 || 294.52 || 291.71 || 291.42 || 294.23 |- | 3 || 656.09 || 632.50 || 624.38 || 627.5 || 630.63 |- | 4 || 677.50 || 659.38 || 652.81 || 655.31 || 657.50 |- | 5 || 728.59 || 719.69 || 715.31 || 719.69 || 720.31 |- | 6 || 766.65 || 755.63 || 751.99 || 754.06 || 756.56 |- | 7 || 1171.25 || 1132.81 || 1118.75 || 1122.81 || 1128.5 |- | 8 || 1204.84 || 1167.81 || 1155.31 || 1160.00 || 1164.06 |- | 9 || 1260.16 || 1247.19 || 1241.27 || 1249.38 || 1249.38 |- |} fe2844942025c2508e71e9c741ec961620e50c19 0 333 916 915 2022-05-29T19:39:14Z Danroettgen 50 /* Modal Frequencies */ wikitext text/x-wiki Modal frequency and weight measurements taken by Sandia National Laboratories for the Dynamic Substructuring Four Unit frames, thin wings, and thick wings. == Weights == Weights measured by Sandia National Laboratories. {| class="wikitable" |+ Four Unit Frames |- ! Serial Number !! Weight [lb] |- | SN001 || 1.381 |- | SN002 || 1.376 |- | SN003 || 1.379 |- | SN004 || 1.372 |- | SN005 || 1.371 |- | SN007 || - |- | SN008 || - |- | SN009 || - |} {| class="wikitable" |+ Wings |- ! Thin Wing Serial Number !! Weight [lb] !! Thick Wing Serial Number !! Weight [lb] |- | WING001A || 1.1545 || WING001B || 2.4905 |- | WING002A || 1.1615 || WING002B || 2.4805 |- | WING003A || 1.1520 || WING003B || 2.4980 |- | WING004A || 1.1645 || WING004B || 2.4975 |- | WING005A || 1.1615 || WING005B || 2.4945 |- | WING006A || - || WING006B || - |- | WING007A || - || WING007B || - |- | WING008A || - || WING008B || - |- | WING009A || - || WING009B || - |} ==Modal Frequencies== Modal frequencies from LDV testing {| class="wikitable" |+ Four Unit Frames Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Modal Index !! SN001 !! SN002 !! SN003 !! SN004 !! SN005 |- | 1 || 246.25 || 237.81 || 234.18 || 234.18 || 239.69 |- | 2 || 301.41 || 294.52 || 291.71 || 291.42 || 294.23 |- | 3 || 656.09 || 632.50 || 624.38 || 627.5 || 630.63 |- | 4 || 677.50 || 659.38 || 652.81 || 655.31 || 657.50 |- | 5 || 728.59 || 719.69 || 715.31 || 719.69 || 720.31 |- | 6 || 766.65 || 755.63 || 751.99 || 754.06 || 756.56 |- | 7 || 1171.25 || 1132.81 || 1118.75 || 1122.81 || 1128.5 |- | 8 || 1204.84 || 1167.81 || 1155.31 || 1160.00 || 1164.06 |- | 9 || 1260.16 || 1247.19 || 1241.27 || 1249.38 || 1249.38 |- |} 9da3f2bcd5ef4e51733e864e274fc995831aa1f8 917 916 2022-05-29T19:39:45Z Danroettgen 50 wikitext text/x-wiki Modal frequency and weight measurements taken by Sandia National Laboratories for the Dynamic Substructuring Four Unit frames, thin wings, and thick wings. == Weights == Weights measured by Sandia National Laboratories. {| class="wikitable" |+ Four Unit Frames |- ! Serial Number !! Weight [lb] |- | SN001 || 1.381 |- | SN002 || 1.376 |- | SN003 || 1.379 |- | SN004 || 1.372 |- | SN005 || 1.371 |- | SN007 || - |- | SN008 || - |- | SN009 || - |} {| class="wikitable" |+ Wings |- ! Thin Wing Serial Number !! Weight [lb] !! Thick Wing Serial Number !! Weight [lb] |- | WING001A || 1.1545 || WING001B || 2.4905 |- | WING002A || 1.1615 || WING002B || 2.4805 |- | WING003A || 1.1520 || WING003B || 2.4980 |- | WING004A || 1.1645 || WING004B || 2.4975 |- | WING005A || 1.1615 || WING005B || 2.4945 |- | WING006A || - || WING006B || - |- | WING007A || - || WING007B || - |- | WING008A || - || WING008B || - |- | WING009A || - || WING009B || - |} ==Modal Frequencies== Modal frequencies from LDV testing {| class="wikitable" |+ Four Unit Frames Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Modal Index !! SN001 !! SN002 !! SN003 !! SN004 !! SN005 |- | 1 || 246.25 || 237.81 || 234.18 || 234.18 || 239.69 |- | 2 || 301.41 || 294.52 || 291.71 || 291.42 || 294.23 |- | 3 || 656.09 || 632.50 || 624.38 || 627.5 || 630.63 |- | 4 || 677.50 || 659.38 || 652.81 || 655.31 || 657.50 |- | 5 || 728.59 || 719.69 || 715.31 || 719.69 || 720.31 |- | 6 || 766.65 || 755.63 || 751.99 || 754.06 || 756.56 |- | 7 || 1171.25 || 1132.81 || 1118.75 || 1122.81 || 1128.5 |- | 8 || 1204.84 || 1167.81 || 1155.31 || 1160.00 || 1164.06 |- | 9 || 1260.16 || 1247.19 || 1241.27 || 1249.38 || 1249.38 |- |} 05477cdeaf676b3afd8cbf0b7a1d991011e62c81 926 917 2022-05-29T19:52:04Z Danroettgen 50 /* Weights */ wikitext text/x-wiki Modal frequency and weight measurements taken by Sandia National Laboratories for the Dynamic Substructuring Four Unit frames, thin wings, and thick wings. == Weights == Weights measured by Sandia National Laboratories. [[File:Frames.jpg|thumb|Four Unit Frames]] {| class="wikitable" |+ Four Unit Frames |- ! Serial Number !! Weight [lb] |- | SN001 || 1.381 |- | SN002 || 1.376 |- | SN003 || 1.379 |- | SN004 || 1.372 |- | SN005 || 1.371 |- | SN007 || - |- | SN008 || - |- | SN009 || - |} [[File:Wings.jpg|thumb|Wings]] {| class="wikitable" |+ Wings |- ! Thin Wing Serial Number !! Weight [lb] !! Thick Wing Serial Number !! Weight [lb] |- | WING001A || 1.1545 || WING001B || 2.4905 |- | WING002A || 1.1615 || WING002B || 2.4805 |- | WING003A || 1.1520 || WING003B || 2.4980 |- | WING004A || 1.1645 || WING004B || 2.4975 |- | WING005A || 1.1615 || WING005B || 2.4945 |- | WING006A || - || WING006B || - |- | WING007A || - || WING007B || - |- | WING008A || - || WING008B || - |- | WING009A || - || WING009B || - |} ==Modal Frequencies== Modal frequencies from LDV testing {| class="wikitable" |+ Four Unit Frames Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Modal Index !! SN001 !! SN002 !! SN003 !! SN004 !! SN005 |- | 1 || 246.25 || 237.81 || 234.18 || 234.18 || 239.69 |- | 2 || 301.41 || 294.52 || 291.71 || 291.42 || 294.23 |- | 3 || 656.09 || 632.50 || 624.38 || 627.5 || 630.63 |- | 4 || 677.50 || 659.38 || 652.81 || 655.31 || 657.50 |- | 5 || 728.59 || 719.69 || 715.31 || 719.69 || 720.31 |- | 6 || 766.65 || 755.63 || 751.99 || 754.06 || 756.56 |- | 7 || 1171.25 || 1132.81 || 1118.75 || 1122.81 || 1128.5 |- | 8 || 1204.84 || 1167.81 || 1155.31 || 1160.00 || 1164.06 |- | 9 || 1260.16 || 1247.19 || 1241.27 || 1249.38 || 1249.38 |- |} 1d12e732683b4b731fe4e0c67910dd02be74f447 0 327 918 913 2022-05-29T19:40:42Z Danroettgen 50 /* Current Challenge */ wikitext text/x-wiki With the formation of the Dynamic Substructures TD, the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen a new simplified test bed structure - the four unit frame. This structure can be modified to a variety of applications including: aerospace, automotive, and civil uses. == Four Unit Frame == [[File:FrameHmrCompare.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Four Unit Frame]] A subteam on the Dynamic Substructures TD designed this four unit frame after brainstorming some criteria for the structure. '''Key Features''' *Manufactured from one piece of metal of stock *Subcomponent and shaker attachment points machined into frame *Adaptable to many types of studies *Possible circular/recursive transfer path *Large enough to minimize error due to mass loading More information can be found here: [[coming soon|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:2022 IMAC Recap.pdf|Frame Substructuring Kickoff PDF]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! ==Available Information== *Models **[[SEM 4UF Solid Models| Solid Models]] *Experimental Data **[[SEM 4UF Data| Test Data]] **[[SEM 4UF Measured Properties| Measured Properties]] ==Current Challenge== To sign up for the challenge e-mail [mailto:drroett@sandia.gov Dan Roettgen]. ==Results== *Sandia 2022 IMAC Results [[Category:Dynamic Substructure Four Unit Frame]] 3525d0db1e8cd80649c92bfd47152437a4511a95 919 918 2022-05-29T19:44:14Z Danroettgen 50 /* Current Challenge */ wikitext text/x-wiki With the formation of the Dynamic Substructures TD, the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen a new simplified test bed structure - the four unit frame. This structure can be modified to a variety of applications including: aerospace, automotive, and civil uses. == Four Unit Frame == [[File:FrameHmrCompare.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Four Unit Frame]] A subteam on the Dynamic Substructures TD designed this four unit frame after brainstorming some criteria for the structure. '''Key Features''' *Manufactured from one piece of metal of stock *Subcomponent and shaker attachment points machined into frame *Adaptable to many types of studies *Possible circular/recursive transfer path *Large enough to minimize error due to mass loading More information can be found here: [[coming soon|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:2022 IMAC Recap.pdf|Frame Substructuring Kickoff PDF]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! ==Available Information== *Models **[[SEM 4UF Solid Models| Solid Models]] *Experimental Data **[[SEM 4UF Data| Test Data]] **[[SEM 4UF Measured Properties| Measured Properties]] ==Current Challenge== To sign up for the challenge e-mail [mailto:drroett@sandia.gov Dan Roettgen]. At IMAC XLI [2023] and XLII [2024] - we hope to have many universities and research institutions show their ability to perform dynamic substructuring predictions with the four unit frame. To complete this task: *You will be provided with a frame, thin wing, thick wing, and required fasteners. *Complete a test of the assembly of the Frame and Thin Wing *Use Dynamic Substructuring to add an experimental or numerical model of the Thick Wing *Present results at IMAC in an extended abstract session that will act as an open forum to discuss dynamic substructuring ==Results== *Sandia 2022 IMAC Results [[Category:Dynamic Substructure Four Unit Frame]] 9fa15683c5528e5584eab748664657bd384bf96a 920 919 2022-05-29T19:45:28Z Danroettgen 50 /* Current Challenge */ wikitext text/x-wiki With the formation of the Dynamic Substructures TD, the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen a new simplified test bed structure - the four unit frame. This structure can be modified to a variety of applications including: aerospace, automotive, and civil uses. == Four Unit Frame == [[File:FrameHmrCompare.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Four Unit Frame]] A subteam on the Dynamic Substructures TD designed this four unit frame after brainstorming some criteria for the structure. '''Key Features''' *Manufactured from one piece of metal of stock *Subcomponent and shaker attachment points machined into frame *Adaptable to many types of studies *Possible circular/recursive transfer path *Large enough to minimize error due to mass loading More information can be found here: [[coming soon|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:2022 IMAC Recap.pdf|Frame Substructuring Kickoff PDF]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! ==Available Information== *Models **[[SEM 4UF Solid Models| Solid Models]] *Experimental Data **[[SEM 4UF Data| Test Data]] **[[SEM 4UF Measured Properties| Measured Properties]] ==Current Challenge== To sign up for the challenge e-mail [mailto:drroett@sandia.gov Dan Roettgen]. At IMAC XLI [2023] and XLII [2024] - we hope to have many universities and research institutions show their ability to perform dynamic substructuring predictions with the four unit frame. Presently there are 9 sets of hardware available so we will rotate those through different groups and continue to manufacture more systems for the next two years. To complete this task: *You will be provided with a frame, thin wing, thick wing, and required fasteners. *Complete a test of the assembly of the Frame and Thin Wing *Use Dynamic Substructuring to add an experimental or numerical model of the Thick Wing *Present results at IMAC in an extended abstract session that will act as an open forum to discuss dynamic substructuring Future years hope to focus on: *Blind predictions *Subsystems with nonlinearities *Damping challenges ==Results== *Sandia 2022 IMAC Results [[Category:Dynamic Substructure Four Unit Frame]] 585e40c93f42bb0c9c274f0005be7121e909bf5f 921 920 2022-05-29T19:46:18Z Danroettgen 50 /* Results */ wikitext text/x-wiki With the formation of the Dynamic Substructures TD, the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen a new simplified test bed structure - the four unit frame. This structure can be modified to a variety of applications including: aerospace, automotive, and civil uses. == Four Unit Frame == [[File:FrameHmrCompare.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Four Unit Frame]] A subteam on the Dynamic Substructures TD designed this four unit frame after brainstorming some criteria for the structure. '''Key Features''' *Manufactured from one piece of metal of stock *Subcomponent and shaker attachment points machined into frame *Adaptable to many types of studies *Possible circular/recursive transfer path *Large enough to minimize error due to mass loading More information can be found here: [[coming soon|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:2022 IMAC Recap.pdf|Frame Substructuring Kickoff PDF]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! ==Available Information== *Models **[[SEM 4UF Solid Models| Solid Models]] *Experimental Data **[[SEM 4UF Data| Test Data]] **[[SEM 4UF Measured Properties| Measured Properties]] ==Current Challenge== To sign up for the challenge e-mail [mailto:drroett@sandia.gov Dan Roettgen]. At IMAC XLI [2023] and XLII [2024] - we hope to have many universities and research institutions show their ability to perform dynamic substructuring predictions with the four unit frame. Presently there are 9 sets of hardware available so we will rotate those through different groups and continue to manufacture more systems for the next two years. To complete this task: *You will be provided with a frame, thin wing, thick wing, and required fasteners. *Complete a test of the assembly of the Frame and Thin Wing *Use Dynamic Substructuring to add an experimental or numerical model of the Thick Wing *Present results at IMAC in an extended abstract session that will act as an open forum to discuss dynamic substructuring Future years hope to focus on: *Blind predictions *Subsystems with nonlinearities *Damping challenges ==Results== *[[Sandia 2022 IMAC Four Unit Frame Dynamic Substructuring Results| Sandia 2022 IMAC Four Unit Frame Dynamic Substructuring Results] [[Category:Dynamic Substructure Four Unit Frame]] 994cb132d922df3547121a55ec0845e0a6022614 922 921 2022-05-29T19:46:27Z Danroettgen 50 /* Results */ wikitext text/x-wiki With the formation of the Dynamic Substructures TD, the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen a new simplified test bed structure - the four unit frame. This structure can be modified to a variety of applications including: aerospace, automotive, and civil uses. == Four Unit Frame == [[File:FrameHmrCompare.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Four Unit Frame]] A subteam on the Dynamic Substructures TD designed this four unit frame after brainstorming some criteria for the structure. '''Key Features''' *Manufactured from one piece of metal of stock *Subcomponent and shaker attachment points machined into frame *Adaptable to many types of studies *Possible circular/recursive transfer path *Large enough to minimize error due to mass loading More information can be found here: [[coming soon|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:2022 IMAC Recap.pdf|Frame Substructuring Kickoff PDF]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! ==Available Information== *Models **[[SEM 4UF Solid Models| Solid Models]] *Experimental Data **[[SEM 4UF Data| Test Data]] **[[SEM 4UF Measured Properties| Measured Properties]] ==Current Challenge== To sign up for the challenge e-mail [mailto:drroett@sandia.gov Dan Roettgen]. At IMAC XLI [2023] and XLII [2024] - we hope to have many universities and research institutions show their ability to perform dynamic substructuring predictions with the four unit frame. Presently there are 9 sets of hardware available so we will rotate those through different groups and continue to manufacture more systems for the next two years. To complete this task: *You will be provided with a frame, thin wing, thick wing, and required fasteners. *Complete a test of the assembly of the Frame and Thin Wing *Use Dynamic Substructuring to add an experimental or numerical model of the Thick Wing *Present results at IMAC in an extended abstract session that will act as an open forum to discuss dynamic substructuring Future years hope to focus on: *Blind predictions *Subsystems with nonlinearities *Damping challenges ==Results== *[[Sandia 2022 IMAC Four Unit Frame Dynamic Substructuring Results| Sandia 2022 IMAC Four Unit Frame Dynamic Substructuring Results]] [[Category:Dynamic Substructure Four Unit Frame]] ab20a8a14c55001ba1024b5e5cec1f7560ca475f 0 334 923 2022-05-29T19:49:52Z Danroettgen 50 Created page with "At IMAC XL Sandia presented results using the Transmission simulator to create a hybrid assembly of the four unit frame with the thin wing set. This was complete using hardw..." wikitext text/x-wiki At IMAC XL Sandia presented results using the Transmission simulator to create a hybrid assembly of the four unit frame with the thin wing set. This was complete using hardware: *SN003 [Frame] *WING003A [Thin Wing] With connections only used at the four corner points on the interface. == Four Unit Frame == [[File:FrameHmrCompare.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Four Unit Frame]] A subteam on the Dynamic Substructures TD designed this four unit frame after brainstorming some criteria for the structure. '''Key Features''' *Manufactured from one piece of metal of stock *Subcomponent and shaker attachment points machined into frame *Adaptable to many types of studies *Possible circular/recursive transfer path *Large enough to minimize error due to mass loading More information can be found here: [[coming soon|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:2022 IMAC Recap.pdf|Frame Substructuring Kickoff PDF]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! ==Available Information== *Models **[[SEM 4UF Solid Models| Solid Models]] *Experimental Data **[[SEM 4UF Data| Test Data]] **[[SEM 4UF Measured Properties| Measured Properties]] ==Current Challenge== To sign up for the challenge e-mail [mailto:drroett@sandia.gov Dan Roettgen]. At IMAC XLI [2023] and XLII [2024] - we hope to have many universities and research institutions show their ability to perform dynamic substructuring predictions with the four unit frame. Presently there are 9 sets of hardware available so we will rotate those through different groups and continue to manufacture more systems for the next two years. To complete this task: *You will be provided with a frame, thin wing, thick wing, and required fasteners. *Complete a test of the assembly of the Frame and Thin Wing *Use Dynamic Substructuring to add an experimental or numerical model of the Thick Wing *Present results at IMAC in an extended abstract session that will act as an open forum to discuss dynamic substructuring Future years hope to focus on: *Blind predictions *Subsystems with nonlinearities *Damping challenges ==Results== *[[Sandia 2022 IMAC Four Unit Frame Dynamic Substructuring Results| Sandia 2022 IMAC Four Unit Frame Dynamic Substructuring Results]] [[Category:Dynamic Substructure Four Unit Frame]] dc660f8c3c8a8548c98b13ad12d1ffeba654d137 928 923 2022-05-29T19:54:45Z Danroettgen 50 wikitext text/x-wiki At IMAC XL Sandia presented results using the Transmission simulator to create a hybrid assembly of the four unit frame with the thin wing set. This was complete using hardware: *SN003 [Frame] *WING003A [Thin Wing] With connections only used at the four corner points on the interface. == Substructuring Schematic == The team used the traditional Transmission Simulator method performing 3 tests to complete their hybrid predictions. [[File:Substru.png|thumb|Substructuring Schematic]] Testing was completed on: *A Frame and Plate Assembly *A Wing and Plate Assembly *A Plate More information can be found here: [[coming soon|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:2022 IMAC Recap.pdf|Frame Substructuring Kickoff PDF]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! [[Category:Dynamic Substructure Four Unit Frame]] 8d062f23fc3788eae86b6c76332b803a8319dd58 933 928 2022-05-29T20:01:16Z Danroettgen 50 wikitext text/x-wiki At IMAC XL Sandia presented results using the Transmission simulator to create a hybrid assembly of the four unit frame with the thin wing set. This was complete using hardware: *SN003 [Frame] *WING003A [Thin Wing] With connections only used at the four corner points on the interface. == Substructuring Schematic == [[File:Substru.png|thumb|Substructuring Schematic]] The team used the traditional Transmission Simulator method performing 3 tests to complete their hybrid predictions. Testing was completed on: *A Frame and Plate Assembly *A Wing and Plate Assembly *A Plate For each data set testing was performed with a scanning LDV system. ==Substructuring Mathamtics== To complete substructuring three experimental sets of data were used to fit modal modes for each substructure [[File:Eq1.jpg|left|uncoupled equations of motion]] Constraints were defined connecting the wing/plate substructure to a lone plate and the frame/plate substructure the same. [[File:Eq2.jpg|center|constraints definition]] The null space function was used to determine our localization matrix L [[File:Eq3.jpg|center|Transformation Matrix Solution]] L-matrix used to enforce constraints on equations of motion and predict system assembly response [[File:Eq4.jpg|center|Synthesized Prediction]] More information can be found here: [[coming soon|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:2022 IMAC Recap.pdf|Frame Substructuring Kickoff PDF]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! [[Category:Dynamic Substructure Four Unit Frame]] c71184a4a9cd2c418c0394da65ee5fcbb7c599b0 934 933 2022-05-29T20:01:49Z Danroettgen 50 /* Substructuring Mathamtics */ wikitext text/x-wiki At IMAC XL Sandia presented results using the Transmission simulator to create a hybrid assembly of the four unit frame with the thin wing set. This was complete using hardware: *SN003 [Frame] *WING003A [Thin Wing] With connections only used at the four corner points on the interface. == Substructuring Schematic == [[File:Substru.png|thumb|Substructuring Schematic]] The team used the traditional Transmission Simulator method performing 3 tests to complete their hybrid predictions. Testing was completed on: *A Frame and Plate Assembly *A Wing and Plate Assembly *A Plate For each data set testing was performed with a scanning LDV system. ==Substructuring Mathamtics== To complete substructuring three experimental sets of data were used to fit modal modes for each substructure [[File:Eq1.jpg|none|uncoupled equations of motion]] Constraints were defined connecting the wing/plate substructure to a lone plate and the frame/plate substructure the same. [[File:Eq2.jpg|none|constraints definition]] The null space function was used to determine our localization matrix L [[File:Eq3.jpg|none|Transformation Matrix Solution]] L-matrix used to enforce constraints on equations of motion and predict system assembly response [[File:Eq4.jpg|none|Synthesized Prediction]] More information can be found here: [[coming soon|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:2022 IMAC Recap.pdf|Frame Substructuring Kickoff PDF]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! [[Category:Dynamic Substructure Four Unit Frame]] 2035cf23c6b89fb58698b42b41d0c0b3391b44fa 939 934 2022-05-29T20:10:16Z Danroettgen 50 wikitext text/x-wiki At IMAC XL Sandia presented results using the Transmission simulator to create a hybrid assembly of the four unit frame with the thin wing set. This was complete using hardware: *SN003 [Frame] *WING003A [Thin Wing] With connections only used at the four corner points on the interface. == Substructuring Schematic == [[File:Substru.png|thumb|Substructuring Schematic]] The team used the traditional Transmission Simulator method performing 3 tests to complete their hybrid predictions. Testing was completed on: *A Frame and Plate Assembly *A Wing and Plate Assembly *A Plate For each data set testing was performed with a scanning LDV system. ==Substructuring Mathamtics== To complete substructuring three experimental sets of data were used to fit modal modes for each substructure [[File:Eq1.jpg|none|uncoupled equations of motion]] Constraints were defined connecting the wing/plate substructure to a lone plate and the frame/plate substructure the same. [[File:Eq2.jpg|none|constraints definition]] The null space function was used to determine our localization matrix L [[File:Eq3.jpg|none|Transformation Matrix Solution]] L-matrix used to enforce constraints on equations of motion and predict system assembly response [[File:Eq4.jpg|none|Synthesized Prediction]] ==Test Pictures== <gallery> File:FrameTS.png | Frame and Plate File:WingTS.png| Wing and Plate File:TS.png| Plate File:Test4.jpg| Truth Assembly </gallery> [[Category:Dynamic Substructure Four Unit Frame]] c7a6fc96694dac57cac315457a963bd22a1ac60e 940 939 2022-05-29T20:11:29Z Danroettgen 50 /* Substructuring Mathamtics */ wikitext text/x-wiki At IMAC XL Sandia presented results using the Transmission simulator to create a hybrid assembly of the four unit frame with the thin wing set. This was complete using hardware: *SN003 [Frame] *WING003A [Thin Wing] With connections only used at the four corner points on the interface. == Substructuring Schematic == [[File:Substru.png|thumb|Substructuring Schematic]] The team used the traditional Transmission Simulator method performing 3 tests to complete their hybrid predictions. Testing was completed on: *A Frame and Plate Assembly *A Wing and Plate Assembly *A Plate For each data set testing was performed with a scanning LDV system. ==Substructuring Mathamtics== To complete substructuring three experimental sets of data were used to fit modal modes for each substructure [[File:Eq1.jpg|none|500px|uncoupled equations of motion]] Constraints were defined connecting the wing/plate substructure to a lone plate and the frame/plate substructure the same. [[File:Eq2.jpg|none|400px|constraints definition]] The null space function was used to determine our localization matrix L [[File:Eq3.jpg|none|100px|Transformation Matrix Solution]] L-matrix used to enforce constraints on equations of motion and predict system assembly response [[File:Eq4.jpg|none|500px|Synthesized Prediction]] ==Test Pictures== <gallery> File:FrameTS.png | Frame and Plate File:WingTS.png| Wing and Plate File:TS.png| Plate File:Test4.jpg| Truth Assembly </gallery> [[Category:Dynamic Substructure Four Unit Frame]] ff408230ffc85dea68152abfc7e09a47d1ceb821 942 940 2022-05-29T20:13:11Z Danroettgen 50 wikitext text/x-wiki At IMAC XL Sandia presented results using the Transmission simulator to create a hybrid assembly of the four unit frame with the thin wing set. This was complete using hardware: *SN003 [Frame] *WING003A [Thin Wing] With connections only used at the four corner points on the interface. == Substructuring Schematic == [[File:Substru.png|thumb|Substructuring Schematic]] The team used the traditional Transmission Simulator method performing 3 tests to complete their hybrid predictions. Testing was completed on: *A Frame and Plate Assembly *A Wing and Plate Assembly *A Plate For each data set testing was performed with a scanning LDV system. ==Substructuring Mathamtics== To complete substructuring three experimental sets of data were used to fit modal modes for each substructure [[File:Eq1.jpg|none|500px|uncoupled equations of motion]] Constraints were defined connecting the wing/plate substructure to a lone plate and the frame/plate substructure the same. [[File:Eq2.jpg|none|400px|constraints definition]] The null space function was used to determine our localization matrix L [[File:Eq3.jpg|none|100px|Transformation Matrix Solution]] L-matrix used to enforce constraints on equations of motion and predict system assembly response [[File:Eq4.jpg|none|500px|Synthesized Prediction]] ==Test Pictures== <gallery> File:FrameTS.png | Frame and Plate File:WingTS.png| Wing and Plate File:TS.png| Plate File:Test4.jpg| Truth Assembly </gallery> ==Results== Predictions led to low frequency and damping error with room to improve on modes with elastic transmission simulator motion. [[File:Results.jpg|none|Substructuring Predictions]] [[Category:Dynamic Substructure Four Unit Frame]] 9ffe40b12d1ed6b9ee6faf961fe7c3ed0aed947c 6 335 924 2022-05-29T19:51:13Z Danroettgen 50 wikitext text/x-wiki Four Unit Frames 47f7faa8255787f3fd12fe93e9bf6fb29498055f 6 336 925 2022-05-29T19:51:59Z Danroettgen 50 wikitext text/x-wiki Wings for 4UF 2c0ec7ea0a5d12ac569f94422a169ccf3dc9bdfc 6 337 927 2022-05-29T19:54:37Z Danroettgen 50 wikitext text/x-wiki Substructuring Schematic c66c978b1c9428337f084557b0c514a46e303440 6 338 929 2022-05-29T19:57:26Z Danroettgen 50 wikitext text/x-wiki Equation1 e7deab289b56470faa93812fb7058cad5979face 6 339 930 2022-05-29T19:58:22Z Danroettgen 50 wikitext text/x-wiki Equation2 d6044a118756ff82f653da6d1ac9308a5ad18438 6 340 931 2022-05-29T19:58:43Z Danroettgen 50 wikitext text/x-wiki Equation3 16372e0a3fbe371e2d2bbc22709e5b76f3f4cb7b 6 341 932 2022-05-29T19:59:15Z Danroettgen 50 wikitext text/x-wiki Equation4 9067af391e436afb2b3725b53e88cb38b85a0055 6 342 935 2022-05-29T20:03:35Z Danroettgen 50 wikitext text/x-wiki Frame and TS 0e5d7b56d7dbbe9e612cdc37c282fdf8ad014c4b 6 343 936 2022-05-29T20:09:11Z Danroettgen 50 wikitext text/x-wiki Wing and Plate 4UF 5e57d7edf716273d442120c0080a38a55c9d2ea0 6 344 937 2022-05-29T20:09:42Z Danroettgen 50 wikitext text/x-wiki TS d3a2460e932b6436c744c46a087544f69460ab80 6 345 938 2022-05-29T20:10:02Z Danroettgen 50 wikitext text/x-wiki Assembly 2d19798a84a1403b83cf42709d620ec55f957fc8 6 346 941 2022-05-29T20:12:55Z Danroettgen 50 wikitext text/x-wiki 2022SNL Results d3e5f0ef1e9190a31a08988e7931928fef5982df 0 217 943 897 2023-02-15T15:37:59Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division's Wiki.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Dynamic Substructuring Wiki:Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[Test Bed Information]] | Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine [[Round Robin Frame Structure]] | Information on the new round-robin frame structure [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[:Category:Info|Knowledge Base]] | This is a place to collect information that may be helpful to others in the substructuring community. To see a page with a list of categories, click [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:Categories here] == Knowledge Base (Including Tutorials on Substructuring) == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link [[IMAC_Substr_Papers|Substructuring Papers in IMAC]] | List of all of the papers from IMAC proceedings in substructuring related sessions [[Bibliography]] | Here is a list of links to conference and journal papers about dynamic substructuring, with space for notes from the authors. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. To request access contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. == About the Dynamic Substructures Technical Division == The Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' [http://sem.org/imac International Modal Analysis Conference] each year. The group is led by * Chair: Matt Allen ([http://byusdrg.com Brigham Young University]) * Vice Chair: Walter D'Ambrogio (http://www.ing.univaq.it/personale/scheda_personale.php?codice=132) * Secretary: Daniel Roettgen ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) and * Historian: Maarten van der Seijs ([https://www.vibestechnology.com/ Vibes Technology) * Past Chair: Andreas Linderholt (https://lnu.se/en/staff/andreas.linderholt/) * Past/Past Chair: Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]). This Wiki is maintained by SEM. == Photo of Attendees at IMAC 2022 and 2020 == [[File:SubstructureTDAttendees-IMAC2022.jpg|800px]] [[File:SubstructureTDAttendees-IMAC2020.jpg|800px]] [[Photos of Past IMACs] ee226e666e0f8277443616e99a50f1e90ff791d0 944 943 2023-02-15T15:40:43Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division's Wiki.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Dynamic Substructuring Wiki:Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[Test Bed Information]] | Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine [[Round Robin Frame Structure]] | Information on the new round-robin frame structure [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[:Category:Info|Knowledge Base]] | This is a place to collect information that may be helpful to others in the substructuring community. To see a page with a list of categories, click [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:Categories here] == Knowledge Base (Including Tutorials on Substructuring) == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link [[IMAC_Substr_Papers|Substructuring Papers in IMAC]] | List of all of the papers from IMAC proceedings in substructuring related sessions [[Bibliography]] | Here is a list of links to conference and journal papers about dynamic substructuring, with space for notes from the authors. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. To request access contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. == About the Dynamic Substructures Technical Division == The Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' [http://sem.org/imac International Modal Analysis Conference] each year. The group is led by * Chair: Matt Allen ([http://byusdrg.com Brigham Young University]) * Vice Chair: Walter D'Ambrogio (http://www.ing.univaq.it/personale/scheda_personale.php?codice=132) * Secretary: Daniel Roettgen ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) and * Historian: Maarten van der Seijs ([https://www.vibestechnology.com/ Vibes Technology) * Past Chair: Andreas Linderholt (https://lnu.se/en/staff/andreas.linderholt/) * Past/Past Chair: Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]). This Wiki is maintained by SEM. == Photo of Attendees at IMAC 2022 and 2020 == [[File:SubstructureTDAttendees-IMAC2022.jpg|800px]] [[File:SubstructureTDAttendees-IMAC2020.jpg|800px]] [[Photos of Past IMACs]] a68370258d5ddaaee858440a8baadc0ac938ddfc 947 944 2023-02-15T15:43:42Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division's Wiki.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Dynamic Substructuring Wiki:Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[Test Bed Information]] | Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine [[Round Robin Frame Structure]] | Information on the new round-robin frame structure [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[:Category:Info|Knowledge Base]] | This is a place to collect information that may be helpful to others in the substructuring community. To see a page with a list of categories, click [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:Categories here] == Knowledge Base (Including Tutorials on Substructuring) == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link [[IMAC_Substr_Papers|Substructuring Papers in IMAC]] | List of all of the papers from IMAC proceedings in substructuring related sessions [[Bibliography]] | Here is a list of links to conference and journal papers about dynamic substructuring, with space for notes from the authors. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. To request access contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. == About the Dynamic Substructures Technical Division == The Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' [http://sem.org/imac International Modal Analysis Conference] each year. The group is led by * Chair: Matt Allen ([http://byusdrg.com Brigham Young University]) * Vice Chair: Walter D'Ambrogio (http://www.ing.univaq.it/personale/scheda_personale.php?codice=132) * Secretary: Daniel Roettgen ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) and * Historian: Maarten van der Seijs ([https://www.vibestechnology.com/ Vibes Technology) * Past Chair: Andreas Linderholt (https://lnu.se/en/staff/andreas.linderholt/) * Past/Past Chair: Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]). This Wiki is maintained by SEM. == Photo of Attendees at IMAC 2023 == [[File:SubstructureTDAttendees-IMAC2022.jpg|800px]] IMAC 2023, Austin, Texas [[Photos of Past IMACs]] d2bdc7ed37fc337e0f1262ec802d5e7a71b84845 949 947 2023-02-15T15:55:11Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division's Wiki.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Dynamic Substructuring Wiki:Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[Test Bed Information]] | Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine [[Round Robin Frame Structure]] | Information on the new round-robin frame structure [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[:Category:Info|Knowledge Base]] | This is a place to collect information that may be helpful to others in the substructuring community. To see a page with a list of categories, click [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:Categories here] == Knowledge Base (Including Tutorials on Substructuring) == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link [[IMAC_Substr_Papers|Substructuring Papers in IMAC]] | List of all of the papers from IMAC proceedings in substructuring related sessions [[Bibliography]] | Here is a list of links to conference and journal papers about dynamic substructuring, with space for notes from the authors. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. To request access contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. == About the Dynamic Substructures Technical Division == The Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' [http://sem.org/imac International Modal Analysis Conference] each year. The group is led by * Chair: Matt Allen ([http://byusdrg.com Brigham Young University]) * Vice Chair: Walter D'Ambrogio (http://www.ing.univaq.it/personale/scheda_personale.php?codice=132) * Secretary: Daniel Roettgen ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) and * Historian: Maarten van der Seijs ([https://www.vibestechnology.com/ Vibes Technology) * Past Chair: Andreas Linderholt (https://lnu.se/en/staff/andreas.linderholt/) * Past/Past Chair: Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]). This Wiki is maintained by SEM. == Photo of Attendees at IMAC 2023 == [[File:SubstructureTDAttendees-IMAC2023.jpg|800px]] IMAC 2023, Austin, Texas [[Photos of Past IMACs]] c2ebb1990da0c8cdaec7c1feadb9c402adab8a40 950 949 2023-02-15T15:58:52Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division's Wiki.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Dynamic Substructuring Wiki:Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[Test Bed Information]] | Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine [[Round Robin Frame Structure]] | Information on the new round-robin frame structure [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[:Category:Info|Knowledge Base]] | This is a place to collect information that may be helpful to others in the substructuring community. To see a page with a list of categories, click [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:Categories here] == Knowledge Base (Including Tutorials on Substructuring) == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link [[IMAC_Substr_Papers|Substructuring Papers in IMAC]] | List of all of the papers from IMAC proceedings in substructuring related sessions [[Bibliography]] | Here is a list of links to conference and journal papers about dynamic substructuring, with space for notes from the authors. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. To request access contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. == About the Dynamic Substructures Technical Division == The Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' [http://sem.org/imac International Modal Analysis Conference] each year. The group is led by * Chair: Walter D'Ambrogio (http://www.ing.univaq.it/personale/scheda_personale.php?codice=132) * Vice Chair: Daniel Roettgen ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) * Secretary: Maarten van der Seijs ([https://www.vibestechnology.com/ Vibes Technology) * Historian: Ben Davis ([https://engineering.uga.edu/people/profile/r.-benjamin-davis-ph.d1 University of Georgia) * Past Chair: Matt Allen ([http://byusdrg.com Brigham Young University]) Past Chairs: * 2018-2020 - Andreas Linderholt (https://lnu.se/en/staff/andreas.linderholt/) * 2016-2018 - Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) This Wiki is maintained by SEM. == Photo of Attendees at IMAC 2023 == [[File:SubstructureTDAttendees-IMAC2023.jpg|800px]] IMAC 2023, Austin, Texas [[Photos of Past IMACs]] 6defeb4fd6278c3f7f76635cbecfe538109f354c 951 950 2023-02-15T16:00:42Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division's Wiki.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Dynamic Substructuring Wiki:Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[Test Bed Information]] | Here is basic information on our test bed, the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine [[Round Robin Frame Structure]] | Information on the new round-robin frame structure [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[:Category:Info|Knowledge Base]] | This is a place to collect information that may be helpful to others in the substructuring community. To see a page with a list of categories, click [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:Categories here] == Knowledge Base (Including Tutorials on Substructuring) == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link [[IMAC_Substr_Papers|Substructuring Papers in IMAC]] | List of all of the papers from IMAC proceedings in substructuring related sessions [[Bibliography]] | Here is a list of links to conference and journal papers about dynamic substructuring, with space for notes from the authors. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. To request access contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. == About the Dynamic Substructures Technical Division == The Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' [http://sem.org/imac International Modal Analysis Conference] each year. The group is led by * Chair: Walter D'Ambrogio ([http://www.ing.univaq.it/personale/scheda_personale.php?codice=132 University of L'Aquila]) * Vice Chair: Daniel Roettgen ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) * Secretary: Maarten van der Seijs ([https://www.vibestechnology.com/ Vibes Technology]) * Historian: Ben Davis ([https://engineering.uga.edu/people/profile/r.-benjamin-davis-ph.d1 University of Georgia]) * Past Chair: Matt Allen ([http://byusdrg.com Brigham Young University]) Past Chairs: * 2018-2020 - Andreas Linderholt (https://lnu.se/en/staff/andreas.linderholt/) * 2016-2018 - Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) This Wiki is maintained by SEM. == Photo of Attendees at IMAC 2023 == [[File:SubstructureTDAttendees-IMAC2023.jpg|800px]] IMAC 2023, Austin, Texas [[Photos of Past IMACs]] 291eee371055207c73e7f75743723f9d85ffea22 952 951 2023-02-15T16:05:16Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division's Wiki.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Dynamic Substructuring Wiki:Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[Test Bed Information]] | We have two test beds so far, the [[Test Bed Information|Ampair 600 Wind Turbine]] and the [[Frame Round Robin|2022 Frame Round Robin]] [[Round Robin Frame Structure]] | Information on the new round-robin frame structure [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[:Category:Info|Knowledge Base]] | This is a place to collect information that may be helpful to others in the substructuring community. To see a page with a list of categories, click [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:Categories here] == Knowledge Base (Including Tutorials on Substructuring) == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link [[IMAC_Substr_Papers|Substructuring Papers in IMAC]] | List of all of the papers from IMAC proceedings in substructuring related sessions [[Bibliography]] | Here is a list of links to conference and journal papers about dynamic substructuring, with space for notes from the authors. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. To request access contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. == About the Dynamic Substructures Technical Division == The Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' [http://sem.org/imac International Modal Analysis Conference] each year. The group is led by * Chair: Walter D'Ambrogio ([http://www.ing.univaq.it/personale/scheda_personale.php?codice=132 University of L'Aquila]) * Vice Chair: Daniel Roettgen ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) * Secretary: Maarten van der Seijs ([https://www.vibestechnology.com/ Vibes Technology]) * Historian: Ben Davis ([https://engineering.uga.edu/people/profile/r.-benjamin-davis-ph.d1 University of Georgia]) * Past Chair: Matt Allen ([http://byusdrg.com Brigham Young University]) Past Chairs: * 2018-2020 - Andreas Linderholt (https://lnu.se/en/staff/andreas.linderholt/) * 2016-2018 - Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) This Wiki is maintained by SEM. == Photo of Attendees at IMAC 2023 == [[File:SubstructureTDAttendees-IMAC2023.jpg|800px]] IMAC 2023, Austin, Texas [[Photos of Past IMACs]] 6f57790757262b40c26ee1fa44d4f5b148b331ba 954 952 2023-02-15T16:15:47Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division's Wiki.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Dynamic Substructuring Wiki:Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[Test Bed Information|Wind Turbine Test Bed]] | Information on the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine test bed [[Round Robin Frame Structure]] | Information on the new round-robin frame structure [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on the Ampair wind turbine test bed. | [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[:Category:Info|Knowledge Base]] | This is a place to collect information that may be helpful to others in the substructuring community. To see a page with a list of categories, click [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:Categories here] == Knowledge Base (Including Tutorials on Substructuring) == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link [[IMAC_Substr_Papers|Substructuring Papers in IMAC]] | List of all of the papers from IMAC proceedings in substructuring related sessions [[Bibliography]] | Here is a list of links to conference and journal papers about dynamic substructuring, with space for notes from the authors. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. To request access contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. == About the Dynamic Substructures Technical Division == The Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' [http://sem.org/imac International Modal Analysis Conference] each year. The group is led by * Chair: Walter D'Ambrogio ([http://www.ing.univaq.it/personale/scheda_personale.php?codice=132 University of L'Aquila]) * Vice Chair: Daniel Roettgen ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) * Secretary: Maarten van der Seijs ([https://www.vibestechnology.com/ Vibes Technology]) * Historian: Ben Davis ([https://engineering.uga.edu/people/profile/r.-benjamin-davis-ph.d1 University of Georgia]) * Past Chair: Matt Allen ([http://byusdrg.com Brigham Young University]) Past Chairs: * 2018-2020 - Andreas Linderholt (https://lnu.se/en/staff/andreas.linderholt/) * 2016-2018 - Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) This Wiki is maintained by SEM. == Photo of Attendees at IMAC 2023 == [[File:SubstructureTDAttendees-IMAC2023.jpg|800px]] IMAC 2023, Austin, Texas [[Photos of Past IMACs]] d8e4062c97fdcd9e384911fa588b0e004aa7dd49 955 954 2023-02-15T16:17:22Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division's Wiki.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Dynamic Substructuring Wiki:Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[Test Bed Information|Wind Turbine Test Bed]] | Information on the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine test bed [[Round Robin Frame Structure]] | Information on the new round-robin frame structure [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on all of the test beds / round robin structures. [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[:Category:Info|Knowledge Base]] | This is a place to collect information that may be helpful to others in the substructuring community. To see a page with a list of categories, click [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:Categories here] == Knowledge Base (Including Tutorials on Substructuring) == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link [[IMAC_Substr_Papers|Substructuring Papers in IMAC]] | List of all of the papers from IMAC proceedings in substructuring related sessions [[Bibliography]] | Here is a list of links to conference and journal papers about dynamic substructuring, with space for notes from the authors. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. To request access contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. == About the Dynamic Substructures Technical Division == The Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' [http://sem.org/imac International Modal Analysis Conference] each year. The group is led by * Chair: Walter D'Ambrogio ([http://www.ing.univaq.it/personale/scheda_personale.php?codice=132 University of L'Aquila]) * Vice Chair: Daniel Roettgen ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) * Secretary: Maarten van der Seijs ([https://www.vibestechnology.com/ Vibes Technology]) * Historian: Ben Davis ([https://engineering.uga.edu/people/profile/r.-benjamin-davis-ph.d1 University of Georgia]) * Past Chair: Matt Allen ([http://byusdrg.com Brigham Young University]) Past Chairs: * 2018-2020 - Andreas Linderholt (https://lnu.se/en/staff/andreas.linderholt/) * 2016-2018 - Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) This Wiki is maintained by SEM. == Photo of Attendees at IMAC 2023 == [[File:SubstructureTDAttendees-IMAC2023.jpg|800px]] IMAC 2023, Austin, Texas [[Photos of Past IMACs]] 1d08ce0bfce31abe93c2ae378f624931ca8c8c6c 962 955 2024-02-07T00:27:38Z Bmoldenhauer 61 /* About the Dynamic Substructures Technical Division */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division's Wiki.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Dynamic Substructuring Wiki:Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[Test Bed Information|Wind Turbine Test Bed]] | Information on the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine test bed [[Round Robin Frame Structure]] | Information on the new round-robin frame structure [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on all of the test beds / round robin structures. [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[:Category:Info|Knowledge Base]] | This is a place to collect information that may be helpful to others in the substructuring community. To see a page with a list of categories, click [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:Categories here] == Knowledge Base (Including Tutorials on Substructuring) == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link [[IMAC_Substr_Papers|Substructuring Papers in IMAC]] | List of all of the papers from IMAC proceedings in substructuring related sessions [[Bibliography]] | Here is a list of links to conference and journal papers about dynamic substructuring, with space for notes from the authors. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. To request access contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. == About the Dynamic Substructures Technical Division == The Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics]' [http://sem.org/imac International Modal Analysis Conference] each year. The group is led by * Chair: Walter D'Ambrogio ([http://www.ing.univaq.it/personale/scheda_personale.php?codice=132 University of L'Aquila]) * Vice Chair: Daniel Roettgen ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) * Secretary: Maarten van der Seijs ([https://www.vibestechnology.com/ Vibes Technology]) * Historian: Ben Davis ([https://engineering.uga.edu/team_member/r-benjamin-davis/ University of Georgia]) * Past Chair: Matt Allen ([http://byusdrg.com Brigham Young University]) Past Chairs: * 2018-2020 - Andreas Linderholt ([https://lnu.se/en/staff/andreas.linderholt/ Linnaeus University]) * 2016-2018 - Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) This Wiki is maintained by SEM. == Photo of Attendees at IMAC 2023 == [[File:SubstructureTDAttendees-IMAC2023.jpg|800px]] IMAC 2023, Austin, Texas [[Photos of Past IMACs]] 8155d6a69c613b3c820f2e8a3efdb2b208b398ba 963 962 2024-02-07T00:30:15Z Bmoldenhauer 61 /* About the Dynamic Substructures Technical Division */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division's Wiki.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Dynamic Substructuring Wiki:Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[Test Bed Information|Wind Turbine Test Bed]] | Information on the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine test bed [[Round Robin Frame Structure]] | Information on the new round-robin frame structure [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on all of the test beds / round robin structures. [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[:Category:Info|Knowledge Base]] | This is a place to collect information that may be helpful to others in the substructuring community. To see a page with a list of categories, click [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:Categories here] == Knowledge Base (Including Tutorials on Substructuring) == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link [[IMAC_Substr_Papers|Substructuring Papers in IMAC]] | List of all of the papers from IMAC proceedings in substructuring related sessions [[Bibliography]] | Here is a list of links to conference and journal papers about dynamic substructuring, with space for notes from the authors. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. To request access contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. == About the Dynamic Substructures Technical Division == The Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics] [http://sem.org/imac International Modal Analysis Conference] each year. The group is led by: * Chair: Walter D'Ambrogio ([http://www.ing.univaq.it/personale/scheda_personale.php?codice=132 University of L'Aquila]) * Vice Chair: Daniel Roettgen ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) * Secretary: Maarten van der Seijs ([https://www.vibestechnology.com/ Vibes Technology]) * Historian: Ben Davis ([https://engineering.uga.edu/team_member/r-benjamin-davis/ University of Georgia]) * Past Chair: Matt Allen ([http://byusdrg.com Brigham Young University]) Past Chairs: * 2018-2020 - Andreas Linderholt ([https://lnu.se/en/staff/andreas.linderholt/ Linnaeus University]) * 2016-2018 - Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) This Wiki is maintained by SEM. == Photo of Attendees at IMAC 2023 == [[File:SubstructureTDAttendees-IMAC2023.jpg|800px]] IMAC 2023, Austin, Texas [[Photos of Past IMACs]] f4d8cad94134322e8a36863915bc2e730e75e363 0 347 945 2023-02-15T15:42:02Z Mallen 48 Created page with "== Photo of Substructure TD Attendees == [[File:SubstructureTDAttendees-IMAC2022.jpg|800px]] IMAC 2022, Orlando, Florida [[File:SubstructureTDAttendees-IMAC2020.jpg|800px]] I..." wikitext text/x-wiki == Photo of Substructure TD Attendees == [[File:SubstructureTDAttendees-IMAC2022.jpg|800px]] IMAC 2022, Orlando, Florida [[File:SubstructureTDAttendees-IMAC2020.jpg|800px]] IMAC 2020, Houston, Texas b525fabc8406d71db3ea3f5b345b68bae606c3d0 946 945 2023-02-15T15:42:17Z Mallen 48 /* Photo of Substructure TD Attendees */ wikitext text/x-wiki == Photo of Substructure TD Attendees == [[File:SubstructureTDAttendees-IMAC2022.jpg|800px]] IMAC 2022, Orlando, Florida [[File:SubstructureTDAttendees-IMAC2020.jpg|800px]] IMAC 2020, Houston, Texas 795beeb5e387ac88326788bd3d59923bfdefa88e 6 348 948 2023-02-15T15:54:50Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 0 349 953 2023-02-15T16:06:39Z Mallen 48 Created page with "== Frame Structure == Content coming soon, see Dan Roettgen or Andreas Linderholt for details. There are also several sessions in IMAC since 2021 discussing the Round Robin a..." wikitext text/x-wiki == Frame Structure == Content coming soon, see Dan Roettgen or Andreas Linderholt for details. There are also several sessions in IMAC since 2021 discussing the Round Robin and presenting results on it. 00d787d91b8177e392b0201542aa7448cc159e3e 0 2 956 780 2023-02-15T16:22:08Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to SEM's Wiki Site''' Below you can find links to the Wikis that are maintained by various Technical Divisions and Focus Groups within SEM. The "Getting Started" section explains how to create and edit pages and add content to a Wiki. See below for information on how to become a contributor. == SEM Wikis == '''Technical Divisions''' [[Dynamic Environments Testing Wiki]] | Researchers focused on specifications, test methods and modeling for shock and vibration qualification [[Dynamic Substructuring Wiki]] | A Technical Division focused on experimental and analytical methods that predict the dynamics of an assembly using various methods '''Focus Groups''' [[Smart Dynamic Testing COP]] | A Community of Practice focused on improving industrial vibration and shock qualification through a technical basis that increases reliability while decreasing cost, schedule and risk == Getting Started (for contributors) == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. If you wish to become a contributor, first seek the approval of the appropriate technical division [https://sem.org/technicaldivisions], then contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. You can log in as an editor using your SEM login. <!--Old code that redirected this page to the substructuring WIKI.--> <!--#REDIRECT [[Dynamic Substructuring Wiki]]--> 2faf82d5cf1187a7fe500378dcb942405f8b0619 6 350 957 2024-01-31T00:11:38Z JacopoBrunetti 60 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 0 115 958 668 2024-01-31T00:25:03Z JacopoBrunetti 60 Upload and Link to the tutorial by D. Rixen at IMAC 2024 wikitext text/x-wiki A [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/Rixen_Substructuring_Tutorial_IMAC2010.pdf link to the tutorial] given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC in 2010: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/Rixen_Substructuring_Tutorial_IMAC2010.pdf] [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf "Ritz Method and Experimental Modal Analysis"] presentation by M.S. Allen: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf] [https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/28063-modal-substructuring-cms-and-modal-substructure-modificati CMS Matlab Package for Substructuring by M.S. Allen] Link to the tutorial given by D. Rixen at IMAC in 2024: Experimental Substructuring for Linear and Nonlinear Connection Dynamics: A Tutorial - [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:PRE240129_Tutorial_JointID.pdf Part 1: linear connection] == Short Course on Experimental Dynamic Substructuring (IMAC 2014, 2016 and 2020) == <!-- * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/SubstructureSC_IMAC2014_rev2.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for 2014 short course. (v2)] ** (Optional) Link to M.S. Allen's Matlab Substructuring Tool: [http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/28063-modal-substructuring-cms-and-modal-substructure-modification "RitzSComb Toolbox"] --> * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/SubstructureSC_IMAC2016.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for the IMAC 2016 short course.] This course was taught by M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes and D. Rixen at IMAC 2016. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/SubstructureSC_2020_Slides.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for the IMAC 2020 short course.] This course was taught by Matt Allen, Randy Mayes and Paolo Tiso in Houston, TX on Saturday Feb. 8, 2020. == Book Published as Part of the CISM 2018 Short Course == * [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-25532-9%20 Click here to download the book (assuming your library has paid for access).] If you are unable to download the book, you can get the [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/Allen_etal_Substructuring_in_Engineering_Dynamics_TOC_Ch1.pdf table of contents and bibliography here]. [[Category:Info]] 2451a49134a8116a878342b7c8178c4b34c110b9 959 958 2024-02-06T23:55:36Z Bmoldenhauer 61 Hyperlink Update wikitext text/x-wiki A [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/Rixen_Substructuring_Tutorial_IMAC2010.pdf link to the tutorial] given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC in 2010: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/Rixen_Substructuring_Tutorial_IMAC2010.pdf] [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf "Ritz Method and Experimental Modal Analysis"] presentation by M.S. Allen: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/d/d9/RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf] [https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/28063-modal-substructuring-cms-and-modal-substructure-modificati CMS Matlab Package for Substructuring by M.S. Allen] Link to the tutorial given by D. Rixen at IMAC in 2024: Experimental Substructuring for Linear and Nonlinear Connection Dynamics: A Tutorial - [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:PRE240129_Tutorial_JointID.pdf Part 1: linear connection] == Short Course on Experimental Dynamic Substructuring (IMAC 2014, 2016 and 2020) == <!-- * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/SubstructureSC_IMAC2014_rev2.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for 2014 short course. (v2)] ** (Optional) Link to M.S. Allen's Matlab Substructuring Tool: [http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/28063-modal-substructuring-cms-and-modal-substructure-modification "RitzSComb Toolbox"] --> * [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:SubstructureSC_IMAC2016.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for the IMAC 2016 short course.] This course was taught by M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes and D. Rixen at IMAC 2016. * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/SubstructureSC_2020_Slides.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for the IMAC 2020 short course.] This course was taught by Matt Allen, Randy Mayes and Paolo Tiso in Houston, TX on Saturday Feb. 8, 2020. == Book Published as Part of the CISM 2018 Short Course == * [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-25532-9%20 Click here to download the book (assuming your library has paid for access).] If you are unable to download the book, you can get the [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/Allen_etal_Substructuring_in_Engineering_Dynamics_TOC_Ch1.pdf table of contents and bibliography here]. [[Category:Info]] 7dde1c5663e321277dd49bf7acb6537c05e4f193 960 959 2024-02-07T00:13:20Z Bmoldenhauer 61 Hyperlink Updates wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- A [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/Rixen_Substructuring_Tutorial_IMAC2010.pdf link to the tutorial] given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC in 2010: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/Rixen_Substructuring_Tutorial_IMAC2010.pdf] --> [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf "Ritz Method and Experimental Modal Analysis"] presentation by M.S. Allen: [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf] [https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/28063-modal-substructuring-cms-and-modal-substructure-modificati CMS Matlab Package for Substructuring by M.S. Allen] Link to the tutorial given by D. Rixen at IMAC in 2024: Experimental Substructuring for Linear and Nonlinear Connection Dynamics: A Tutorial - [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:PRE240129_Tutorial_JointID.pdf Part 1: linear connection] == Short Course on Experimental Dynamic Substructuring (IMAC 2014, 2016 and 2020) == <!-- * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/SubstructureSC_IMAC2014_rev2.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for 2014 short course. (v2)] ** (Optional) Link to M.S. Allen's Matlab Substructuring Tool: [http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/28063-modal-substructuring-cms-and-modal-substructure-modification "RitzSComb Toolbox"] --> * [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:SubstructureSC_IMAC2016.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for the IMAC 2016 short course.] This course was taught by M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes and D. Rixen at IMAC 2016. * [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:SubstructureSC_2020_Slides.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for the IMAC 2020 short course.] This course was taught by Matt Allen, Randy Mayes and Paolo Tiso in Houston, TX on Saturday Feb. 8, 2020. == Book Published as Part of the CISM 2018 Short Course == * [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-25532-9%20 Click here to download the book (assuming your library has paid for access).] <!-- If you are unable to download the book, you can get the [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/Allen_etal_Substructuring_in_Engineering_Dynamics_TOC_Ch1.pdf table of contents and bibliography here]. --> [[Category:Info]] f51507298e696a603471d5bfb6e3175e544d967b 961 960 2024-02-07T00:20:14Z Bmoldenhauer 61 wikitext text/x-wiki A [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/Rixen_Substructuring_Tutorial_IMAC2010.pdf link to the tutorial] given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC in 2010: [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/Rixen_Substructuring_Tutorial_IMAC2010.pdf] (BROKEN) [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf "Ritz Method and Experimental Modal Analysis"] presentation by M.S. Allen: [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf] [https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/28063-modal-substructuring-cms-and-modal-substructure-modificati CMS Matlab Package for Substructuring by M.S. Allen] Link to the tutorial given by D. Rixen at IMAC in 2024: Experimental Substructuring for Linear and Nonlinear Connection Dynamics: A Tutorial - [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:PRE240129_Tutorial_JointID.pdf Part 1: linear connection] == Short Course on Experimental Dynamic Substructuring (IMAC 2014, 2016 and 2020) == <!-- * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/SubstructureSC_IMAC2014_rev2.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for 2014 short course. (v2)] (Why is this hidden?)--> * [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:SubstructureSC_IMAC2016.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for the IMAC 2016 short course.] This course was taught by M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes and D. Rixen at IMAC 2016. * [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:SubstructureSC_2020_Slides.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for the IMAC 2020 short course.] This course was taught by Matt Allen, Randy Mayes and Paolo Tiso in Houston, TX on Saturday Feb. 8, 2020. (BROKEN) == Book Published as Part of the CISM 2018 Short Course == * [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-25532-9%20 Click here to download the book (assuming your library has paid for access).] If you are unable to download the book, you can get the [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/Allen_etal_Substructuring_in_Engineering_Dynamics_TOC_Ch1.pdf table of contents and bibliography here]. (BROKEN) [[Category:Info]] be140bec73e6be78475cda9cb9b6e24283db862a 965 961 2024-02-07T01:02:28Z Bmoldenhauer 61 wikitext text/x-wiki [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/Rixen_Substructuring_Tutorial_IMAC2010.pdf Link to the tutorial] given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC in 2010 (LINK BROKEN) [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf "Ritz Method and Experimental Modal Analysis"] presentation by M.S. Allen [https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/28063-modal-substructuring-cms-and-modal-substructure-modificati CMS Matlab Package for Substructuring by M.S. Allen] [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:PRE240129_Tutorial_JointID.pdf Link to the tutorial] given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC in 2024: Experimental Substructuring for Linear and Nonlinear Connection Dynamics: A Tutorial - Part 1: Linear Connection == Short Course on Experimental Dynamic Substructuring (IMAC 2014, 2016 and 2020) == <!-- * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/SubstructureSC_IMAC2014_rev2.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for 2014 short course. (v2)] (Why is this hidden?)--> * [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:SubstructureSC_IMAC2016.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for the IMAC 2016 short course.] This course was taught by M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes and D. Rixen at IMAC 2016. * [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:SubstructureSC_2020_Slides.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for the IMAC 2020 short course.] This course was taught by Matt Allen, Randy Mayes and Paolo Tiso in Houston, TX on Saturday Feb. 8, 2020. (LINK BROKEN) == Book Published as Part of the CISM 2018 Short Course == * [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-25532-9%20 Click here] to download the book (assuming your library has paid for access). If you are unable to download the book, you can get the [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/Allen_etal_Substructuring_in_Engineering_Dynamics_TOC_Ch1.pdf table of contents and bibliography here]. (LINK BROKEN) [[Category:Info]] c779d4d0c4ddfd9c66ba3ee68c1138c2a3b8553d 0 125 964 394 2024-02-07T00:58:03Z Bmoldenhauer 61 wikitext text/x-wiki A list has been compiled of all of the substructuring papers presented at IMAC conferences. For now it is only available as a word document here: [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:SubstructuringAtIMAC_1993_to_2013.docx IMAC Papers] [[Category:Info]] 40b73fb396547c14e91c802f7339d7c1142dba91 0 115 966 965 2024-02-07T01:03:35Z Bmoldenhauer 61 wikitext text/x-wiki [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/Rixen_Substructuring_Tutorial_IMAC2010.pdf Link to the tutorial] given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC in 2010 (LINK BROKEN) [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf "Ritz Method and Experimental Modal Analysis"] presentation by M.S. Allen [https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/28063-modal-substructuring-cms-and-modal-substructure-modificati CMS Matlab Package for Substructuring] by M.S. Allen [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:PRE240129_Tutorial_JointID.pdf Link to the tutorial] given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC in 2024: Experimental Substructuring for Linear and Nonlinear Connection Dynamics: A Tutorial - Part 1: Linear Connection == Short Course on Experimental Dynamic Substructuring (IMAC 2014, 2016 and 2020) == <!-- * [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/SubstructureSC_IMAC2014_rev2.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for 2014 short course. (v2)] (Why is this hidden?)--> * [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:SubstructureSC_IMAC2016.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for the IMAC 2016 short course.] This course was taught by M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes and D. Rixen at IMAC 2016. * [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:SubstructureSC_2020_Slides.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for the IMAC 2020 short course.] This course was taught by Matt Allen, Randy Mayes and Paolo Tiso in Houston, TX on Saturday Feb. 8, 2020. (LINK BROKEN) == Book Published as Part of the CISM 2018 Short Course == * [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-25532-9%20 Click here] to download the book (assuming your library has paid for access). If you are unable to download the book, you can get the [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/Allen_etal_Substructuring_in_Engineering_Dynamics_TOC_Ch1.pdf table of contents and bibliography here]. (LINK BROKEN) [[Category:Info]] 43c4ff1ab5c146ec3ae2e9b9d5dfe4261d69f9d5 967 966 2024-02-07T01:28:53Z Bmoldenhauer 61 wikitext text/x-wiki [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/Rixen_Substructuring_Tutorial_IMAC2010.pdf Link to the tutorial] given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC in 2010 (LINK BROKEN) [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf "Ritz Method and Experimental Modal Analysis"] presentation by M.S. Allen [https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/28063-modal-substructuring-cms-and-modal-substructure-modificati CMS Matlab Package for Substructuring] by M.S. Allen [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:PRE240129_Tutorial_JointID.pdf Link to the tutorial] given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC in 2024: Experimental Substructuring for Linear and Nonlinear Connection Dynamics: A Tutorial - Part 1: Linear Connection == Short Course on Experimental Dynamic Substructuring (IMAC 2014, 2016 and 2020) == <!-- [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:SubstructureSC_IMAC2014_rev2.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for 2014 short course. (v2)] (Why is this hidden?) --> * [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:SubstructureSC_IMAC2016.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for the IMAC 2016 short course.] This course was taught by M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes and D. Rixen at IMAC 2016. * [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:SubstructureSC_2020_Slides.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for the IMAC 2020 short course.] This course was taught by Matt Allen, Randy Mayes and Paolo Tiso in Houston, TX on Saturday Feb. 8, 2020. (LINK BROKEN) == Book Published as Part of the CISM 2018 Short Course == * [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-25532-9%20 Click here] to download the book (assuming your library has paid for access). If you are unable to download the book, you can get the [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/Allen_etal_Substructuring_in_Engineering_Dynamics_TOC_Ch1.pdf table of contents and bibliography here]. (LINK BROKEN) [[Category:Info]] 68de3ee0b480441c6d63278dc413ad5475ad01f6 972 967 2024-02-07T08:29:38Z JacopoBrunetti 60 wikitext text/x-wiki [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/Rixen_Substructuring_Tutorial_IMAC2010.pdf Link to the tutorial] given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC in 2010 (LINK BROKEN) [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf "Ritz Method and Experimental Modal Analysis"] presentation by M.S. Allen [https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/28063-modal-substructuring-cms-and-modal-substructure-modificati CMS Matlab Package for Substructuring] by M.S. Allen [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:PRE240129_Tutorial_JointID.pdf Link to the tutorial] given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC in 2024: Experimental Substructuring for Linear and Nonlinear Connection Dynamics: A Tutorial - Part 1: Linear Connection [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:IMAC42_Experimental_Substructuring_Part_2.pdf Link to the tutorial] given by H. Nezvat Özgüven at IMAC in 2024: Experimental Substructuring for Linear and Nonlinear Connection Dynamics: A Tutorial - Part 2: Nonlinear Joints == Short Course on Experimental Dynamic Substructuring (IMAC 2014, 2016 and 2020) == <!-- [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:SubstructureSC_IMAC2014_rev2.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for 2014 short course. (v2)] (Why is this hidden?) --> * [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:SubstructureSC_IMAC2016.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for the IMAC 2016 short course.] This course was taught by M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes and D. Rixen at IMAC 2016. * [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:SubstructureSC_2020_Slides.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for the IMAC 2020 short course.] This course was taught by Matt Allen, Randy Mayes and Paolo Tiso in Houston, TX on Saturday Feb. 8, 2020. (LINK BROKEN) == Book Published as Part of the CISM 2018 Short Course == * [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-25532-9%20 Click here] to download the book (assuming your library has paid for access). If you are unable to download the book, you can get the [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/Allen_etal_Substructuring_in_Engineering_Dynamics_TOC_Ch1.pdf table of contents and bibliography here]. (LINK BROKEN) [[Category:Info]] 7b0949916c5437a44702b5ee5e4355bec0b47e08 973 972 2024-02-07T17:41:09Z Bmoldenhauer 61 wikitext text/x-wiki [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/Rixen_Substructuring_Tutorial_IMAC2010.pdf Link to the tutorial] given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC in 2010 (File Currently Missing) [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf "Ritz Method and Experimental Modal Analysis"] presentation by M.S. Allen [https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/28063-modal-substructuring-cms-and-modal-substructure-modificati CMS Matlab Package for Substructuring] by M.S. Allen Experimental Substructuring for Linear and Nonlinear Connection Dynamics: A Tutorial - Presented at IMAC 2024 * [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:PRE240129_Tutorial_JointID.pdf Part 1: Linear Connection] by Daniel Rixen * [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:IMAC42_Experimental_Substructuring_Part_2.pdf Part 2: Nonlinear Joints] by H. Nezvat Özgüven [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:PRE240129_Tutorial_JointID.pdf Link to the tutorial] given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC in 2024: Experimental Substructuring for Linear and Nonlinear Connection Dynamics: A Tutorial - Part 1: Linear Connection [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:IMAC42_Experimental_Substructuring_Part_2.pdf Link to the tutorial] given by H. Nezvat Özgüven at IMAC in 2024: Experimental Substructuring for Linear and Nonlinear Connection Dynamics: A Tutorial - Part 2: Nonlinear Joints == Short Course on Experimental Dynamic Substructuring (IMAC 2014, 2016 and 2020) == <!-- [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:SubstructureSC_IMAC2014_rev2.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for 2014 short course. (v2)] (Why is this hidden?) --> * [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:SubstructureSC_IMAC2016.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for the IMAC 2016 short course.] This course was taught by M. S. Allen, R. L. Mayes and D. Rixen at IMAC 2016. * [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:SubstructureSC_2020_Slides.zip Click here to download slides and Matlab examples for the IMAC 2020 short course.] This course was taught by Matt Allen, Randy Mayes and Paolo Tiso in Houston, TX on Saturday Feb. 8, 2020. (File Currently Missing) == Book Published as Part of the CISM 2018 Short Course == * [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-25532-9%20 Click here] to download the book (assuming your library has paid for access). If you are unable to download the book, you can get the [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/Allen_etal_Substructuring_in_Engineering_Dynamics_TOC_Ch1.pdf table of contents and bibliography here]. (File Currently Missing) [[Category:Info]] 714a5b0ae34cec0bc85871632e8d35d1f8a8d459 974 973 2024-02-07T18:34:51Z Bmoldenhauer 61 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/Rixen_Substructuring_Tutorial_IMAC2010.pdf Tutorial] given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC 2010 --> Tutorial given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC 2010 (File Currently Missing) [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf Ritz Method and Experimental Modal Analysis] - Presentation by M.S. Allen [https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/28063-modal-substructuring-cms-and-modal-substructure-modificati CMS MATLAB Package for Substructuring] by M.S. Allen Experimental Substructuring for Linear and Nonlinear Connection Dynamics: A Tutorial - Presented at IMAC 2024 * [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:PRE240129_Tutorial_JointID.pdf Part 1: Linear Connection] by Daniel Rixen * [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:IMAC42_Experimental_Substructuring_Part_2.pdf Part 2: Nonlinear Joints] by H. Nezvat Özgüven == Slides and MATLAB Examples from IMAC Short Courses on Experimental Dynamic Substructuring == <!-- * [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:SubstructureSC_IMAC2014_rev2.zip IMAC 2014] Short Course taught by Matt Allen, Randy Mayes and Daniel Rixen in Orlando, FL on Feb. 1, 2014. --> * IMAC 2014 Short Course taught by Matt Allen, Randy Mayes and Daniel Rixen in Orlando, FL on Feb. 1, 2014. (Currently Unavailable) * [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:SubstructureSC_IMAC2016.zip IMAC 2016] Short Course taught by Matt Allen, Randy Mayes and Daniel Rixen in Orlando, FL on Jan. 23, 2016. <!-- * [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:SubstructureSC_2020_Slides.zip IMAC 2020] Short Course taught by Matt Allen, Randy Mayes and Paolo Tiso in Houston, TX on Feb. 8, 2020. --> * IMAC 2020 Short Course taught by Matt Allen, Randy Mayes and Paolo Tiso in Houston, TX on Feb. 8, 2020. (File Currently Missing) == Book Published as Part of the CISM 2018 Short Course == The book is available on [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-25532-9%20 Springer] (assuming your library has paid for access). <!-- - If you are unable to download the book, you can get the [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/Allen_etal_Substructuring_in_Engineering_Dynamics_TOC_Ch1.pdf table of contents and bibliography here]. --> - If you are unable to download the book, you can get the table of contents and bibliography here. (File Currently Missing) [[Category:Info]] 9e14513db2eca9ed24f65e8b09b6a3688c035356 975 974 2024-02-07T18:38:17Z Bmoldenhauer 61 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/Rixen_Substructuring_Tutorial_IMAC2010.pdf Tutorial] given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC 2010 --> Tutorial given by Daniel Rixen at IMAC 2010 (File Currently Missing) [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf Ritz Method and Experimental Modal Analysis] - Presentation by M.S. Allen [https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/28063-modal-substructuring-cms-and-modal-substructure-modificati CMS MATLAB Package for Substructuring] by M.S. Allen == Experimental Substructuring for Linear and Nonlinear Connection Dynamics: A Tutorial - Presented at IMAC 2024 == * [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:PRE240129_Tutorial_JointID.pdf Part 1: Linear Connection] by Daniel Rixen * [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:IMAC42_Experimental_Substructuring_Part_2.pdf Part 2: Nonlinear Joints] by H. Nezvat Özgüven == Slides and MATLAB Examples from IMAC Short Courses on Experimental Dynamic Substructuring == <!-- * [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:SubstructureSC_IMAC2014_rev2.zip IMAC 2014] Short Course taught by Matt Allen, Randy Mayes and Daniel Rixen in Orlando, FL on Feb. 1, 2014. --> * IMAC 2014 Short Course taught by Matt Allen, Randy Mayes and Daniel Rixen in Orlando, FL on Feb. 1, 2014. (Currently Unavailable) * [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:SubstructureSC_IMAC2016.zip IMAC 2016] Short Course taught by Matt Allen, Randy Mayes and Daniel Rixen in Orlando, FL on Jan. 23, 2016. <!-- * [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:SubstructureSC_2020_Slides.zip IMAC 2020] Short Course taught by Matt Allen, Randy Mayes and Paolo Tiso in Houston, TX on Feb. 8, 2020. --> * IMAC 2020 Short Course taught by Matt Allen, Randy Mayes and Paolo Tiso in Houston, TX on Feb. 8, 2020. (File Currently Missing) == Book Published as Part of the CISM 2018 Short Course == The book is available on [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-25532-9%20 Springer] (assuming your library has paid for access). <!-- - If you are unable to download the book, you can get the [http://substructure.engr.wisc.edu/substwiki/images/6/68/Allen_etal_Substructuring_in_Engineering_Dynamics_TOC_Ch1.pdf table of contents and bibliography here]. --> - If you are unable to download the book, you can get the table of contents and bibliography here. (File Currently Missing) [[Category:Info]] 678501850c28e268c7380a8cbd3f95c88626bd39 996 975 2024-02-09T01:19:16Z Bmoldenhauer 61 wikitext text/x-wiki [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:Rixen_Substructuring_Tutorial_IMAC2010.pdf IMAC 2010 Tutorial] by Daniel Rixen [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:RitzMethodAndEMA.pdf Ritz Method and Experimental Modal Analysis] - Presentation by M.S. Allen [https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/28063-modal-substructuring-cms-and-modal-substructure-modificati CMS MATLAB Package for Substructuring] by M.S. Allen == Experimental Substructuring for Linear and Nonlinear Connection Dynamics: A Tutorial - Presented at IMAC 2024 == * [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:PRE240129_Tutorial_JointID.pdf Part 1: Linear Connection] by Daniel Rixen * [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:IMAC42_Experimental_Substructuring_Part_2.pdf Part 2: Nonlinear Joints] by H. Nezvat Özgüven == Slides and MATLAB Examples from IMAC Short Courses on Experimental Dynamic Substructuring == * [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:SubstructureSC_IMAC2014_rev2.zip IMAC 2014] - Taught by Matt Allen, Randy Mayes and Daniel Rixen in Orlando, FL on Feb. 1, 2014. * [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:SubstructureSC_IMAC2016.zip IMAC 2016] - Taught by Matt Allen, Randy Mayes and Daniel Rixen in Orlando, FL on Jan. 23, 2016. * [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:SubstructureSC_2020_Slides.zip IMAC 2020] - Taught by Matt Allen, Randy Mayes and Paolo Tiso in Houston, TX on Feb. 8, 2020. == Book Published as Part of the CISM 2018 Short Course == The book is available on [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-25532-9%20 Springer] (assuming your library has paid for access). - If you are unable to download the full book, you can get the table of contents and bibliography [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:Allen_etal_Substructuring_in_Engineering_Dynamics_TOC_Ch1.pdf here]. [[Category:Info]] c0ab2478ac4f0127f2c1ba98492c2468c2314390 0 334 968 942 2024-02-07T01:43:38Z Bmoldenhauer 61 wikitext text/x-wiki At IMAC XL Sandia presented results using the Transmission Simulator to create a hybrid assembly of the four unit frame with the thin wing set. This was complete using hardware: *SN003 [Frame] *WING003A [Thin Wing] With connections only used at the four corner points on the interface. == Substructuring Schematic == [[File:Substru.png|thumb|Substructuring Schematic]] The team used the traditional Transmission Simulator method performing 3 tests to complete their hybrid predictions. Testing was completed on: *A Frame and Plate Assembly *A Wing and Plate Assembly *A Plate For each data set testing was performed with a scanning LDV system. ==Substructuring Mathematics== To complete substructuring three experimental sets of data were used to fit modal modes for each substructure [[File:Eq1.jpg|none|500px|uncoupled equations of motion]] Constraints were defined connecting the wing/plate substructure to a lone plate and the frame/plate substructure the same. [[File:Eq2.jpg|none|400px|constraints definition]] The null space function was used to determine our localization matrix L [[File:Eq3.jpg|none|100px|Transformation Matrix Solution]] L-matrix used to enforce constraints on equations of motion and predict system assembly response [[File:Eq4.jpg|none|500px|Synthesized Prediction]] ==Test Pictures== <gallery> File:FrameTS.png | Frame and Plate File:WingTS.png| Wing and Plate File:TS.png| Plate File:Test4.jpg| Truth Assembly </gallery> ==Results== Predictions led to low frequency and damping error with room to improve on modes with elastic transmission simulator motion. [[File:Results.jpg|none|Substructuring Predictions]] [[Category:Dynamic Substructure Four Unit Frame]] 55b3bb388a07d15adc6898c700e0023c938e784d 969 968 2024-02-07T01:51:01Z Bmoldenhauer 61 wikitext text/x-wiki At IMAC XL Sandia presented results using the Transmission Simulator to create a hybrid assembly of the four unit frame with the thin wing set. This was complete using hardware: *SN003 [Frame] *WING003A [Thin Wing] With connections only used at the four corner points on the interface. == Substructuring Schematic == [[File:Substru.png|none|600px|Substructuring Schematic]] The team used the traditional Transmission Simulator method performing 3 tests to complete their hybrid predictions. Testing was completed on: *A Frame and Plate Assembly *A Wing and Plate Assembly *A Plate For each data set testing was performed with a scanning LDV system. ==Substructuring Mathematics== To complete substructuring three experimental sets of data were used to fit modal modes for each substructure [[File:Eq1.jpg|none|500px|uncoupled equations of motion]] Constraints were defined connecting the wing/plate substructure to a lone plate and the frame/plate substructure the same. [[File:Eq2.jpg|none|400px|constraints definition]] The null space function was used to determine our localization matrix L [[File:Eq3.jpg|none|100px|Transformation Matrix Solution]] L-matrix used to enforce constraints on equations of motion and predict system assembly response [[File:Eq4.jpg|none|500px|Synthesized Prediction]] ==Test Pictures== <gallery> File:FrameTS.png | Frame and Plate File:WingTS.png| Wing and Plate File:TS.png| Plate File:Test4.jpg| Truth Assembly </gallery> ==Results== Predictions led to low frequency and damping error with room to improve on modes with elastic transmission simulator motion. [[File:Results.jpg|none|Substructuring Predictions]] [[Category:Dynamic Substructure Four Unit Frame]] 9e067afc067ece29fa4ea2fe081faac01d12824d 0 217 970 963 2024-02-07T02:05:19Z Bmoldenhauer 61 /* About the Dynamic Substructures Technical Division */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division's Wiki.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Dynamic Substructuring Wiki:Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[Test Bed Information|Wind Turbine Test Bed]] | Information on the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine test bed [[Round Robin Frame Structure]] | Information on the new round-robin frame structure [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on all of the test beds / round robin structures. [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[:Category:Info|Knowledge Base]] | This is a place to collect information that may be helpful to others in the substructuring community. To see a page with a list of categories, click [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:Categories here] == Knowledge Base (Including Tutorials on Substructuring) == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link [[IMAC_Substr_Papers|Substructuring Papers in IMAC]] | List of all of the papers from IMAC proceedings in substructuring related sessions [[Bibliography]] | Here is a list of links to conference and journal papers about dynamic substructuring, with space for notes from the authors. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. To request access contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. == About the Dynamic Substructures Technical Division == The Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics] [http://sem.org/imac International Modal Analysis Conference] each year. The group is led by: * Chair: Walter D'Ambrogio ([http://www.ing.univaq.it/personale/scheda_personale.php?codice=132 University of L'Aquila]) * Vice Chair: Daniel Roettgen ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) * Secretary: Maarten van der Seijs ([https://www.vibestechnology.com/ Vibes Technology]) * Historian: Ben Davis ([https://engineering.uga.edu/team_member/r-benjamin-davis/ University of Georgia]) Past Chairs: * 2020-2022 - Matt Allen ([http://byusdrg.com Brigham Young University]) * 2018-2020 - Andreas Linderholt ([https://lnu.se/en/staff/andreas.linderholt/ Linnaeus University]) * 2016-2018 - Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) This Wiki is maintained by SEM. == Photo of Attendees at IMAC 2023 == [[File:SubstructureTDAttendees-IMAC2023.jpg|800px]] IMAC 2023, Austin, Texas [[Photos of Past IMACs]] 1c78717e0f1ad631edebae8216f0e86eb1cfbcda 990 970 2024-02-08T23:28:25Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division's Wiki.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Dynamic Substructuring Wiki:Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[Test Bed Information|Wind Turbine Test Bed]] | Information on the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine test bed [[Round Robin Frame Structure]] | Information on the new round-robin frame structure [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on all of the test beds / round robin structures. [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[:Category:Info|Knowledge Base]] | This is a place to collect information that may be helpful to others in the substructuring community. To see a page with a list of categories, click [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:Categories here] == Knowledge Base (Including Tutorials on Substructuring) == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link [[IMAC_Substr_Papers|Substructuring Papers in IMAC]] | List of all of the papers from IMAC proceedings in substructuring related sessions [[Bibliography]] | Here is a list of links to conference and journal papers about dynamic substructuring, with space for notes from the authors. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. To request access contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. == About the Dynamic Substructures Technical Division == The Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics] [http://sem.org/imac International Modal Analysis Conference] each year. The group is led by: * Chair: Walter D'Ambrogio ([http://www.ing.univaq.it/personale/scheda_personale.php?codice=132 University of L'Aquila]) * Vice Chair: Daniel Roettgen ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) * Secretary: Maarten van der Seijs ([https://www.vibestechnology.com/ Vibes Technology]) * Historian: Ben Davis ([https://engineering.uga.edu/team_member/r-benjamin-davis/ University of Georgia]) Past Chairs: * 2020-2022 - Matt Allen ([http://byusdrg.com Brigham Young University]) * 2018-2020 - Andreas Linderholt ([https://lnu.se/en/staff/andreas.linderholt/ Linnaeus University]) * 2016-2018 - Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) This Wiki is maintained by SEM. == Photo of Attendees at IMAC 2023 == [[File:TDPhoto_2024.jpg|800px]] IMAC 2023, Austin, Texas [[Photos of Past IMACs]] ddaeeb262cbc94a7c0c4cc1bbd33f94d802be99a 991 990 2024-02-08T23:28:52Z Mallen 48 /* Photo of Attendees at IMAC 2023 */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division's Wiki.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Dynamic Substructuring Wiki:Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[Test Bed Information|Wind Turbine Test Bed]] | Information on the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine test bed [[Round Robin Frame Structure]] | Information on the new round-robin frame structure [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on all of the test beds / round robin structures. [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[:Category:Info|Knowledge Base]] | This is a place to collect information that may be helpful to others in the substructuring community. To see a page with a list of categories, click [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:Categories here] == Knowledge Base (Including Tutorials on Substructuring) == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link [[IMAC_Substr_Papers|Substructuring Papers in IMAC]] | List of all of the papers from IMAC proceedings in substructuring related sessions [[Bibliography]] | Here is a list of links to conference and journal papers about dynamic substructuring, with space for notes from the authors. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. To request access contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. == About the Dynamic Substructures Technical Division == The Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics] [http://sem.org/imac International Modal Analysis Conference] each year. The group is led by: * Chair: Walter D'Ambrogio ([http://www.ing.univaq.it/personale/scheda_personale.php?codice=132 University of L'Aquila]) * Vice Chair: Daniel Roettgen ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) * Secretary: Maarten van der Seijs ([https://www.vibestechnology.com/ Vibes Technology]) * Historian: Ben Davis ([https://engineering.uga.edu/team_member/r-benjamin-davis/ University of Georgia]) Past Chairs: * 2020-2022 - Matt Allen ([http://byusdrg.com Brigham Young University]) * 2018-2020 - Andreas Linderholt ([https://lnu.se/en/staff/andreas.linderholt/ Linnaeus University]) * 2016-2018 - Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) This Wiki is maintained by SEM. == Photo of Attendees at IMAC 2023 == [[File:TDPhoto_2024.jpg|800px]] IMAC 2024, Orlando, Florida [[Photos of Past IMACs]] 29e8d48f39ba7ac57f615b7e958fa47938e9c0e4 997 991 2024-02-09T02:02:54Z Bmoldenhauer 61 /* Photo of Attendees at IMAC 2024 */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division's Wiki.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Dynamic Substructuring Wiki:Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[Test Bed Information|Wind Turbine Test Bed]] | Information on the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine test bed [[Round Robin Frame Structure]] | Information on the new round-robin frame structure [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on all of the test beds / round robin structures. [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[:Category:Info|Knowledge Base]] | This is a place to collect information that may be helpful to others in the substructuring community. To see a page with a list of categories, click [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:Categories here] == Knowledge Base (Including Tutorials on Substructuring) == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link [[IMAC_Substr_Papers|Substructuring Papers in IMAC]] | List of all of the papers from IMAC proceedings in substructuring related sessions [[Bibliography]] | Here is a list of links to conference and journal papers about dynamic substructuring, with space for notes from the authors. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. To request access contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. == About the Dynamic Substructures Technical Division == The Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [http://www.sem.org Society for Experimental Mechanics] [http://sem.org/imac International Modal Analysis Conference] each year. The group is led by: * Chair: Walter D'Ambrogio ([http://www.ing.univaq.it/personale/scheda_personale.php?codice=132 University of L'Aquila]) * Vice Chair: Daniel Roettgen ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) * Secretary: Maarten van der Seijs ([https://www.vibestechnology.com/ Vibes Technology]) * Historian: Ben Davis ([https://engineering.uga.edu/team_member/r-benjamin-davis/ University of Georgia]) Past Chairs: * 2020-2022 - Matt Allen ([http://byusdrg.com Brigham Young University]) * 2018-2020 - Andreas Linderholt ([https://lnu.se/en/staff/andreas.linderholt/ Linnaeus University]) * 2016-2018 - Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) This Wiki is maintained by SEM. == Photo of Attendees at IMAC 2024 == [[File:TDPhoto_2024.jpg|800px]] IMAC 2024, Orlando, Florida [[Photos of Past IMACs]] 945968cea5dd5a93e484648a610307db3d993128 6 351 971 2024-02-07T08:19:29Z JacopoBrunetti 60 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 0 332 976 910 2024-02-07T23:59:41Z Bmoldenhauer 61 /* Geometry */ wikitext text/x-wiki Test data taken by Sandia National Laboratories using scanning LDV system for the Dynamic Substructuring Four Unit frames, thin wings, and thick wings. == Geometry == Current test geometries available for: *Frame SN001-SN005 and SN007-SN009 *Thin Wing Geometry for SN001A-009A *Thick Wing Geometry for SN001B-009B *Assembly SN007 [Frame] & Wing007A [Thin Wing] [https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1BLAimlw1XhjsLjmci4X2Mp8FOrEYiA8u?usp=sharing Drive with UNV Test Geometries] ==FRFs== Current test data available for: *Frame SN001-SN005 and SN007-SN009 *Thin Wing Geometry fro SN001-009 *Thick Wing Geometry fro SN001-009 [https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/14tTKaN-ins7MvVH-uipbiIpKe1kY4Sd6?usp=sharing Drive with UNV FRF Measurements ] [[Category:Dynamic Substructure Four Unit Frame]] 95d3d3fadf88ee40c409df142466ffae19a73820 977 976 2024-02-08T00:00:22Z Bmoldenhauer 61 /* FRFs */ wikitext text/x-wiki Test data taken by Sandia National Laboratories using scanning LDV system for the Dynamic Substructuring Four Unit frames, thin wings, and thick wings. == Geometry == Current test geometries available for: *Frame SN001-SN005 and SN007-SN009 *Thin Wing Geometry for SN001A-009A *Thick Wing Geometry for SN001B-009B *Assembly SN007 [Frame] & Wing007A [Thin Wing] [https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1BLAimlw1XhjsLjmci4X2Mp8FOrEYiA8u?usp=sharing Drive with UNV Test Geometries] ==FRFs== Current test data available for: *Frame SN001-SN005 and SN007-SN009 *Thin Wing Geometry for SN001A-009A *Thick Wing Geometry for SN001B-009B [https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/14tTKaN-ins7MvVH-uipbiIpKe1kY4Sd6?usp=sharing Drive with UNV FRF Measurements] [[Category:Dynamic Substructure Four Unit Frame]] aa1ac385f37f24880dc428dae3cdf92bf206a413 0 333 978 926 2024-02-08T00:36:16Z Bmoldenhauer 61 /* Weights */ wikitext text/x-wiki Modal frequency and weight measurements taken by Sandia National Laboratories for the Dynamic Substructuring Four Unit frames, thin wings, and thick wings. == Weights == Weights measured by Sandia National Laboratories. [[File:Frames.jpg|500px|Four Unit Frames]] [[File:Wings.jpg|500px|Wings]] {| class="wikitable" |+ Four Unit Frames and Wings - 1st Manufacturing Run (No Data for SN006-SN009) |- ! Frame Serial Number !! Weight [lb] !! Thin Wing Serial Number !! Weight [lb] !! Thick Wing Serial Number !! Weight [lb] |- | SN001 || 1.381 || WING001A || 1.1545 || WING001B || 2.4905 |- | SN002 || 1.376 || WING002A || 1.1615 || WING002B || 2.4805 |- | SN003 || 1.379 || WING003A || 1.1520 || WING003B || 2.4980 |- | SN004 || 1.372 || WING004A || 1.1645 || WING004B || 2.4975 |- | SN005 || 1.371 || WING005A || 1.1615 || WING005B || 2.4945 |- |- |} ==Modal Frequencies== Modal frequencies from LDV testing {| class="wikitable" |+ Four Unit Frames Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Modal Index !! SN001 !! SN002 !! SN003 !! SN004 !! SN005 |- | 1 || 246.25 || 237.81 || 234.18 || 234.18 || 239.69 |- | 2 || 301.41 || 294.52 || 291.71 || 291.42 || 294.23 |- | 3 || 656.09 || 632.50 || 624.38 || 627.5 || 630.63 |- | 4 || 677.50 || 659.38 || 652.81 || 655.31 || 657.50 |- | 5 || 728.59 || 719.69 || 715.31 || 719.69 || 720.31 |- | 6 || 766.65 || 755.63 || 751.99 || 754.06 || 756.56 |- | 7 || 1171.25 || 1132.81 || 1118.75 || 1122.81 || 1128.5 |- | 8 || 1204.84 || 1167.81 || 1155.31 || 1160.00 || 1164.06 |- | 9 || 1260.16 || 1247.19 || 1241.27 || 1249.38 || 1249.38 |- |} 02b1d8311f1721f77970648e6d089319fd2c1ae8 979 978 2024-02-08T00:48:01Z Bmoldenhauer 61 /* Weights */ wikitext text/x-wiki Modal frequency and weight measurements taken by Sandia National Laboratories for the Dynamic Substructuring Four Unit frames, thin wings, and thick wings. == Weights == Weights measured by Sandia National Laboratories. [[File:Frames.jpg|500px|Four Unit Frames]] [[File:Wings.jpg|500px|Wings]] {| class="wikitable" |+ Four Unit Frames and Wings - 1st Manufacturing Run (No Data for SN006-SN009) |- ! Frame Serial Number !! Weight [lb] !! Thin Wing Serial Number !! Weight [lb] !! Thick Wing Serial Number !! Weight [lb] |- | SN001 || 1.381 || WING001A || 1.1545 || WING001B || 2.4905 |- | SN002 || 1.376 || WING002A || 1.1615 || WING002B || 2.4805 |- | SN003 || 1.379 || WING003A || 1.1520 || WING003B || 2.4980 |- | SN004 || 1.372 || WING004A || 1.1645 || WING004B || 2.4975 |- | SN005 || 1.371 || WING005A || 1.1615 || WING005B || 2.4945 |- |} {| class="wikitable" |+ Four Unit Frames and Wings - 2nd Manufacturing Run |- ! Frame Serial Number !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] !! Thin Wing Serial Number !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] !! Thick Wing Serial Number !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | SN010 || 628.6 || 1.3858 || WING010A || 527.4 || 1.1627 || WING010B || 1091.6 || 2.4066 |- | SN011 || 629.5 || 1.3878 || WING011A || 528.0 || 1.1640 || WING011B || 1094.1 || 2.4121 |- | SN012 || 628.8 || 1.3863 || WING012A || 528.0 || 1.1640 || WING012B || 1082.5 || 2.3865 |- | SN013 || 629.7 || 1.3883 || WING013A || 527.7 || 1.1634 || WING013B || 1083.7 || 2.3892 |- | SN014 || 627.8 || 1.3841 || WING014A || 528.1 || 1.1643 || WING014B || 1089.3 || 2.4015 |- | SN015 || 629.5 || 1.3878 || WING015A || 527.5 || 1.1629 || WING015B || 1091.8 || 2.4070 |- | SN016 || 635.8 || 1.4017 || WING016A || 528.4 || 1.1649 || WING016B || 1093.8 || 2.4114 |- | SN017 || 629.7 || 1.3883 || WING017A || 528.7 || 1.1656 || WING017B || 1090.1 || 2.4033 |- | SN018 || 625.5 || 1.3790 || WING018A || 527.7 || 1.1634 || WING018B || 1094.0 || 2.4119 |- | SN019 || 628.4 || 1.3854 || WING019A || 527.3 || 1.1625 || WING019B || 1093.4 || 2.4105 |- |} ==Modal Frequencies== Modal frequencies from LDV testing {| class="wikitable" |+ Four Unit Frames Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Modal Index !! SN001 !! SN002 !! SN003 !! SN004 !! SN005 |- | 1 || 246.25 || 237.81 || 234.18 || 234.18 || 239.69 |- | 2 || 301.41 || 294.52 || 291.71 || 291.42 || 294.23 |- | 3 || 656.09 || 632.50 || 624.38 || 627.5 || 630.63 |- | 4 || 677.50 || 659.38 || 652.81 || 655.31 || 657.50 |- | 5 || 728.59 || 719.69 || 715.31 || 719.69 || 720.31 |- | 6 || 766.65 || 755.63 || 751.99 || 754.06 || 756.56 |- | 7 || 1171.25 || 1132.81 || 1118.75 || 1122.81 || 1128.5 |- | 8 || 1204.84 || 1167.81 || 1155.31 || 1160.00 || 1164.06 |- | 9 || 1260.16 || 1247.19 || 1241.27 || 1249.38 || 1249.38 |- |} fdb7fb7ad0047731bcd0ca0d14663b7b29de316a 1010 979 2024-02-12T20:14:38Z Bmoldenhauer 61 wikitext text/x-wiki Modal frequency and weight measurements taken by Sandia National Laboratories for the Dynamic Substructuring Four Unit frames, thin wings, and thick wings. == Weights == Weights measured by Sandia National Laboratories. [[File:Frames.jpg|500px|Four Unit Frames]] [[File:Wings.jpg|500px|Wings]] '''Four Unit Frames and Wings - 1st Manufacturing Run (No Data for SN006-SN009)''' {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px;" |- ! Frame !! Weight [lb] |- | SN001 || 1.381 |- | SN002 || 1.376 |- | SN003 || 1.379 |- | SN004 || 1.372 |- | SN005 || 1.371 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px;" |- ! Thin Wing !! Weight [lb] |- | WING001A || 1.1545 |- | WING002A || 1.1615 |- | WING003A || 1.1520 |- | WING004A || 1.1645 |- | WING005A || 1.1615 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px;" |- ! Thick Wing !! Weight [lb] |- | WING001B || 2.4905 |- | WING002B || 2.4805 |- | WING003B || 2.4980 |- | WING004B || 2.4975 |- | WING005B || 2.4945 |- |} {| class="wikitable" |+ Four Unit Frames and Wings - 2nd Manufacturing Run |- ! Frame Serial Number !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] !! Thin Wing Serial Number !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] !! Thick Wing Serial Number !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | SN010 || 628.6 || 1.3858 || WING010A || 527.4 || 1.1627 || WING010B || 1091.6 || 2.4066 |- | SN011 || 629.5 || 1.3878 || WING011A || 528.0 || 1.1640 || WING011B || 1094.1 || 2.4121 |- | SN012 || 628.8 || 1.3863 || WING012A || 528.0 || 1.1640 || WING012B || 1082.5 || 2.3865 |- | SN013 || 629.7 || 1.3883 || WING013A || 527.7 || 1.1634 || WING013B || 1083.7 || 2.3892 |- | SN014 || 627.8 || 1.3841 || WING014A || 528.1 || 1.1643 || WING014B || 1089.3 || 2.4015 |- | SN015 || 629.5 || 1.3878 || WING015A || 527.5 || 1.1629 || WING015B || 1091.8 || 2.4070 |- | SN016 || 635.8 || 1.4017 || WING016A || 528.4 || 1.1649 || WING016B || 1093.8 || 2.4114 |- | SN017 || 629.7 || 1.3883 || WING017A || 528.7 || 1.1656 || WING017B || 1090.1 || 2.4033 |- | SN018 || 625.5 || 1.3790 || WING018A || 527.7 || 1.1634 || WING018B || 1094.0 || 2.4119 |- | SN019 || 628.4 || 1.3854 || WING019A || 527.3 || 1.1625 || WING019B || 1093.4 || 2.4105 |- |} ==Modal Frequencies== Modal frequencies from LDV testing {| class="wikitable" |+ Four Unit Frames Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Modal Index !! SN001 !! SN002 !! SN003 !! SN004 !! SN005 |- | 1 || 246.25 || 237.81 || 234.18 || 234.18 || 239.69 |- | 2 || 301.41 || 294.52 || 291.71 || 291.42 || 294.23 |- | 3 || 656.09 || 632.50 || 624.38 || 627.5 || 630.63 |- | 4 || 677.50 || 659.38 || 652.81 || 655.31 || 657.50 |- | 5 || 728.59 || 719.69 || 715.31 || 719.69 || 720.31 |- | 6 || 766.65 || 755.63 || 751.99 || 754.06 || 756.56 |- | 7 || 1171.25 || 1132.81 || 1118.75 || 1122.81 || 1128.5 |- | 8 || 1204.84 || 1167.81 || 1155.31 || 1160.00 || 1164.06 |- | 9 || 1260.16 || 1247.19 || 1241.27 || 1249.38 || 1249.38 |- |} 6f06b1a219b8d87e849cd83a0d1c18f136a6e44e 1011 1010 2024-02-12T21:31:47Z Bmoldenhauer 61 wikitext text/x-wiki Modal frequency and weight measurements taken by Sandia National Laboratories for the Dynamic Substructuring Four Unit frames, thin wings, and thick wings. == Weights == Weights measured by Sandia National Laboratories. [[File:Frames.jpg|500px|Four Unit Frames]] [[File:Wings.jpg|500px|Wings]] '''Four Unit Frames and Wings - 1st Manufacturing Run (No Data for SN006-SN009)''' {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px;" ! Frame !! Weight [lb] |- | SN001 || 1.381 |- | SN002 || 1.376 |- | SN003 || 1.379 |- | SN004 || 1.372 |- | SN005 || 1.371 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px;" ! Thin Wing !! Weight [lb] |- | WING001A || 1.1545 |- | WING002A || 1.1615 |- | WING003A || 1.1520 |- | WING004A || 1.1645 |- | WING005A || 1.1615 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px;" ! Thick Wing !! Weight [lb] |- | WING001B || 2.4905 |- | WING002B || 2.4805 |- | WING003B || 2.4980 |- | WING004B || 2.4975 |- | WING005B || 2.4945 |- |} '''Four Unit Frames and Wings - 2nd Manufacturing Run''' {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px;" ! Frame !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | SN010 || 628.6 || 1.3858 |- | SN011 || 629.5 || 1.3878 |- | SN012 || 628.8 || 1.3863 |- | SN013 || 629.7 || 1.3883 |- | SN014 || 627.8 || 1.3841 |- | SN015 || 629.5 || 1.3878 |- | SN016 || 635.8 || 1.4017 |- | SN017 || 629.7 || 1.3883 |- | SN018 || 625.5 || 1.3790 |- | SN019 || 628.4 || 1.3854 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px;" ! Thin Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING010A || 527.4 || 1.1627 |- | WING011A || 528.0 || 1.1640 |- | WING012A || 528.0 || 1.1640 |- | WING013A || 527.7 || 1.1634 |- | WING014A || 528.1 || 1.1643 |- | WING015A || 527.5 || 1.1629 |- | WING016A || 528.4 || 1.1649 |- | WING017A || 528.7 || 1.1656 |- | WING018A || 527.7 || 1.1634 |- | WING019A || 527.3 || 1.1625 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px;" ! Thick Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING010B || 1091.6 || 2.4066 |- | WING011B || 1094.1 || 2.4121 |- | WING012B || 1082.5 || 2.3865 |- | WING013B || 1083.7 || 2.3892 |- | WING014B || 1089.3 || 2.4015 |- | WING015B || 1091.8 || 2.4070 |- | WING016B || 1093.8 || 2.4114 |- | WING017B || 1090.1 || 2.4033 |- | WING018B || 1094.0 || 2.4119 |- | WING019B || 1093.4 || 2.4105 |- |} ==Modal Frequencies== Modal frequencies from LDV testing {| class="wikitable" |+ Four Unit Frames Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Modal Index !! SN001 !! SN002 !! SN003 !! SN004 !! SN005 |- | 1 || 246.25 || 237.81 || 234.18 || 234.18 || 239.69 |- | 2 || 301.41 || 294.52 || 291.71 || 291.42 || 294.23 |- | 3 || 656.09 || 632.50 || 624.38 || 627.5 || 630.63 |- | 4 || 677.50 || 659.38 || 652.81 || 655.31 || 657.50 |- | 5 || 728.59 || 719.69 || 715.31 || 719.69 || 720.31 |- | 6 || 766.65 || 755.63 || 751.99 || 754.06 || 756.56 |- | 7 || 1171.25 || 1132.81 || 1118.75 || 1122.81 || 1128.5 |- | 8 || 1204.84 || 1167.81 || 1155.31 || 1160.00 || 1164.06 |- | 9 || 1260.16 || 1247.19 || 1241.27 || 1249.38 || 1249.38 |- |} 738525aaeb4b798f0926b4229528ec5a58d8bde6 1012 1011 2024-02-12T22:16:15Z Bmoldenhauer 61 wikitext text/x-wiki Modal frequency and weight measurements taken by Sandia National Laboratories for the Dynamic Substructuring Four Unit frames, thin wings, and thick wings. == Weights == Weights measured by Sandia National Laboratories. [[File:Frames.jpg|500px|Four Unit Frames]] [[File:Wings.jpg|500px|Wings]] '''Four Unit Frames and Wings - 1st Manufacturing Run (No Data for SN006-SN009)''' {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px;" ! Frame !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | SN001 || 626.4 || 1.381 |- | SN002 || 624.1 || 1.376 |- | SN003 || 625.5 || 1.379 |- | SN004 || 622.3 || 1.372 |- | SN005 || 621.9 || 1.371 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px;" ! Thin Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING001A || 523.7 || 1.1545 |- | WING002A || 526.8 || 1.1615 |- | WING003A || 522.5 || 1.1520 |- | WING004A || 528.2 || 1.1645 |- | WING005A || 526.8 || 1.1615 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px;" ! Thick Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING001B || 1129.7 || 2.4905 |- | WING002B || 1125.1 || 2.4805 |- | WING003B || 1133.1 || 2.4980 |- | WING004B || 1132.8 || 2.4975 |- | WING005B || 1131.5 || 2.4945 |- |} '''Four Unit Frames and Wings - 2nd Manufacturing Run''' {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px;" ! Frame !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | SN010 || 628.6 || 1.3858 |- | SN011 || 629.5 || 1.3878 |- | SN012 || 628.8 || 1.3863 |- | SN013 || 629.7 || 1.3883 |- | SN014 || 627.8 || 1.3841 |- | SN015 || 629.5 || 1.3878 |- | SN016 || 635.8 || 1.4017 |- | SN017 || 629.7 || 1.3883 |- | SN018 || 625.5 || 1.3790 |- | SN019 || 628.4 || 1.3854 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px;" ! Thin Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING010A || 527.4 || 1.1627 |- | WING011A || 528.0 || 1.1640 |- | WING012A || 528.0 || 1.1640 |- | WING013A || 527.7 || 1.1634 |- | WING014A || 528.1 || 1.1643 |- | WING015A || 527.5 || 1.1629 |- | WING016A || 528.4 || 1.1649 |- | WING017A || 528.7 || 1.1656 |- | WING018A || 527.7 || 1.1634 |- | WING019A || 527.3 || 1.1625 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px;" ! Thick Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING010B || 1091.6 || 2.4066 |- | WING011B || 1094.1 || 2.4121 |- | WING012B || 1082.5 || 2.3865 |- | WING013B || 1083.7 || 2.3892 |- | WING014B || 1089.3 || 2.4015 |- | WING015B || 1091.8 || 2.4070 |- | WING016B || 1093.8 || 2.4114 |- | WING017B || 1090.1 || 2.4033 |- | WING018B || 1094.0 || 2.4119 |- | WING019B || 1093.4 || 2.4105 |- |} ==Modal Frequencies== Modal frequencies from LDV testing {| class="wikitable" |+ Four Unit Frames Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Modal Index !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 |- | SN001 || 246.25 || 301.41 || 656.09 || 677.50 || 728.59 || 766.65 || 1171.25 || 1204.84 || 1260.16 |- | SN002 || 237.81 || 294.52 || 632.50 || 659.38 || 719.69 || 755.63 || 1132.81 || 1167.81 || 1247.19 |- | SN003 || 234.18 || 291.71 || 624.38 || 652.81 || 715.31 || 751.99 || 1118.75 || 1155.31 || 1241.27 |- | SN004 || 234.18 || 291.42 || 627.50 || 655.31 || 719.69 || 754.06 || 1122.81 || 1160.00 || 1249.38 |- | SN005 || 239.69 || 294.23 || 630.63 || 657.50 || 720.31 || 756.56 || 1128.50 || 1164.06 || 1249.38 |- |} <!-- {| class="wikitable" |+ Four Unit Frames Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Modal Index !! SN001 !! SN002 !! SN003 !! SN004 !! SN005 |- | 1 || 246.25 || 237.81 || 234.18 || 234.18 || 239.69 |- | 2 || 301.41 || 294.52 || 291.71 || 291.42 || 294.23 |- | 3 || 656.09 || 632.50 || 624.38 || 627.5 || 630.63 |- | 4 || 677.50 || 659.38 || 652.81 || 655.31 || 657.50 |- | 5 || 728.59 || 719.69 || 715.31 || 719.69 || 720.31 |- | 6 || 766.65 || 755.63 || 751.99 || 754.06 || 756.56 |- | 7 || 1171.25 || 1132.81 || 1118.75 || 1122.81 || 1128.5 |- | 8 || 1204.84 || 1167.81 || 1155.31 || 1160.00 || 1164.06 |- | 9 || 1260.16 || 1247.19 || 1241.27 || 1249.38 || 1249.38 |- |} --> 3af86aa90addecc662716e6a8ff5b952862184aa 6 352 980 2024-02-08T01:10:40Z Bmoldenhauer 61 Collection of technical drawings for nonlinear subcomponents to the Frame & Wing Substructuring Round Robin Assembly. wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == Collection of technical drawings for nonlinear subcomponents to the Frame & Wing Substructuring Round Robin Assembly. a26e25ef39a41cbb250aaa1824637301e40aff17 6 353 981 2024-02-08T01:11:42Z Bmoldenhauer 61 Collection of CAD models (.stp files) for nonlinear subcomponents to the Frame & Wing Substructuring Round Robin Assembly. wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == Collection of CAD models (.stp files) for nonlinear subcomponents to the Frame & Wing Substructuring Round Robin Assembly. 39a1fb6e592214e751382a47ae566a7acac1b551 0 327 982 922 2024-02-08T01:17:35Z Bmoldenhauer 61 /* Current Challenge */ wikitext text/x-wiki With the formation of the Dynamic Substructures TD, the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen a new simplified test bed structure - the four unit frame. This structure can be modified to a variety of applications including: aerospace, automotive, and civil uses. == Four Unit Frame == [[File:FrameHmrCompare.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Four Unit Frame]] A subteam on the Dynamic Substructures TD designed this four unit frame after brainstorming some criteria for the structure. '''Key Features''' *Manufactured from one piece of metal of stock *Subcomponent and shaker attachment points machined into frame *Adaptable to many types of studies *Possible circular/recursive transfer path *Large enough to minimize error due to mass loading More information can be found here: [[coming soon|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:2022 IMAC Recap.pdf|Frame Substructuring Kickoff PDF]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! ==Available Information== *Models **[[SEM 4UF Solid Models| Solid Models]] *Experimental Data **[[SEM 4UF Data| Test Data]] **[[SEM 4UF Measured Properties| Measured Properties]] ==Current Challenge== To sign up for the challenge, e-mail [mailto:drroett@sandia.gov Dan Roettgen]. At IMAC XLI [2023] and XLII [2024] - we hope to have many universities and research institutions show their ability to perform dynamic substructuring predictions with the four unit frame. Presently there are 9 sets of hardware available so we will rotate those through different groups and continue to manufacture more systems for the next two years. To complete this task: *You will be provided with a frame, thin wing, thick wing, and required fasteners. *Complete a test of the assembly of the Frame and Thin Wing *Use Dynamic Substructuring to add an experimental or numerical model of the Thick Wing *Present results at IMAC in an extended abstract session that will act as an open forum to discuss dynamic substructuring Future years hope to focus on: *Blind predictions *Subsystems with nonlinearities *Damping challenges ==Results== *[[Sandia 2022 IMAC Four Unit Frame Dynamic Substructuring Results| Sandia 2022 IMAC Four Unit Frame Dynamic Substructuring Results]] [[Category:Dynamic Substructure Four Unit Frame]] a3bf06240610523a1336c2322e03fafd1d1cb8d6 984 982 2024-02-08T02:15:26Z Bmoldenhauer 61 wikitext text/x-wiki With the formation of the Dynamic Substructures TD, the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen a new simplified test bed structure - the four unit frame. This structure can be modified to a variety of applications including: aerospace, automotive, and civil uses. == Four Unit Frame == [[File:FrameHmrCompare.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Four Unit Frame]] A subteam on the Dynamic Substructures TD designed this four unit frame after brainstorming some criteria for the structure. '''Key Features''' *Manufactured from one piece of metal of stock *Subcomponent and shaker attachment points machined into frame *Adaptable to many types of studies *Possible circular/recursive transfer path *Large enough to minimize error due to mass loading More information can be found here: [[coming soon|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:2022 IMAC Recap.pdf|Frame Substructuring Kickoff PDF]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! == Available Information == *Models **[[SEM 4UF Solid Models| Solid Models]] *Experimental Data **[[SEM 4UF Data| Test Data]] **[[SEM 4UF Measured Properties| Measured Properties]] == Thin & Thick Wing Challenge == To sign up for the challenge, e-mail [mailto:drroett@sandia.gov Dan Roettgen]. At IMAC XLI [2023] and XLII [2024] - we hope to have many universities and research institutions show their ability to perform dynamic substructuring predictions with the four unit frame. Presently there are 9 sets of hardware available so we will rotate those through different groups and continue to manufacture more systems for the next two years. To complete this task: *You will be provided with a frame, thin wing, thick wing, and required fasteners. *Complete a test of the assembly of the Frame and Thin Wing *Use Dynamic Substructuring to add an experimental or numerical model of the Thick Wing *Present results at IMAC in an extended abstract session that will act as an open forum to discuss dynamic substructuring Future years hope to focus on: *Blind predictions *Subsystems with nonlinearities *Damping challenges == Nonlinear Subcomponent Challenge == A set of nonlinear subcomponents designed by Sandia National Labs: [[:File:IMAC42 FrameWing Nonlinear Parts Wiki.pptx| IMAC42 Presentation]] by [mailto:bmolden@sandia.gov Ben Moldenhauer] [[:File:FW Nonlinear Subcomponents - Drawings.zip| Technical Drawings]] [[:File:FW Nonlinear Subcomponents - CAD Models.zip| CAD Models]] ==Results== *[[Sandia 2022 IMAC Four Unit Frame Dynamic Substructuring Results| Sandia 2022 IMAC Four Unit Frame Dynamic Substructuring Results]] [[Category:Dynamic Substructure Four Unit Frame]] d8f1e73bb1eef04c923740f2524664091aff57c0 985 984 2024-02-08T02:16:07Z Bmoldenhauer 61 /* Four Unit Frame */ wikitext text/x-wiki With the formation of the Dynamic Substructures TD, the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen a new simplified test bed structure - the four unit frame. This structure can be modified to a variety of applications including: aerospace, automotive, and civil uses. == Four Unit Frame == [[File:FrameHmrCompare.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Four Unit Frame]] A subteam on the Dynamic Substructures TD designed this four unit frame after brainstorming some criteria for the structure. '''Key Features''' *Manufactured from one piece of metal of stock *Subcomponent and shaker attachment points machined into frame *Adaptable to many types of studies *Possible circular/recursive transfer path *Large enough to minimize error due to mass loading More information can be found here: [[coming soon|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:2022 IMAC Recap.pdf|Frame Substructuring Kickoff]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! == Available Information == *Models **[[SEM 4UF Solid Models| Solid Models]] *Experimental Data **[[SEM 4UF Data| Test Data]] **[[SEM 4UF Measured Properties| Measured Properties]] == Thin & Thick Wing Challenge == To sign up for the challenge, e-mail [mailto:drroett@sandia.gov Dan Roettgen]. At IMAC XLI [2023] and XLII [2024] - we hope to have many universities and research institutions show their ability to perform dynamic substructuring predictions with the four unit frame. Presently there are 9 sets of hardware available so we will rotate those through different groups and continue to manufacture more systems for the next two years. To complete this task: *You will be provided with a frame, thin wing, thick wing, and required fasteners. *Complete a test of the assembly of the Frame and Thin Wing *Use Dynamic Substructuring to add an experimental or numerical model of the Thick Wing *Present results at IMAC in an extended abstract session that will act as an open forum to discuss dynamic substructuring Future years hope to focus on: *Blind predictions *Subsystems with nonlinearities *Damping challenges == Nonlinear Subcomponent Challenge == A set of nonlinear subcomponents designed by Sandia National Labs: [[:File:IMAC42 FrameWing Nonlinear Parts Wiki.pptx| IMAC42 Presentation]] by [mailto:bmolden@sandia.gov Ben Moldenhauer] [[:File:FW Nonlinear Subcomponents - Drawings.zip| Technical Drawings]] [[:File:FW Nonlinear Subcomponents - CAD Models.zip| CAD Models]] ==Results== *[[Sandia 2022 IMAC Four Unit Frame Dynamic Substructuring Results| Sandia 2022 IMAC Four Unit Frame Dynamic Substructuring Results]] [[Category:Dynamic Substructure Four Unit Frame]] 948dfa687edf2a938eb1ec06ecd86703bddefa8d 986 985 2024-02-08T02:17:04Z Bmoldenhauer 61 /* Four Unit Frame */ wikitext text/x-wiki With the formation of the Dynamic Substructures TD, the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen a new simplified test bed structure - the four unit frame. This structure can be modified to a variety of applications including: aerospace, automotive, and civil uses. == Four Unit Frame == [[File:FrameHmrCompare.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Four Unit Frame]] A subteam on the Dynamic Substructures TD designed this four unit frame after brainstorming some criteria for the structure. '''Key Features:''' *Manufactured from one piece of metal of stock *Subcomponent and shaker attachment points machined into frame *Adaptable to many types of studies *Possible circular/recursive transfer path *Large enough to minimize error due to mass loading More information can be found here: [[coming soon|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:2022 IMAC Recap.pdf|Frame Substructuring Kickoff]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! == Available Information == *Models **[[SEM 4UF Solid Models| Solid Models]] *Experimental Data **[[SEM 4UF Data| Test Data]] **[[SEM 4UF Measured Properties| Measured Properties]] == Thin & Thick Wing Challenge == To sign up for the challenge, e-mail [mailto:drroett@sandia.gov Dan Roettgen]. At IMAC XLI [2023] and XLII [2024] - we hope to have many universities and research institutions show their ability to perform dynamic substructuring predictions with the four unit frame. Presently there are 9 sets of hardware available so we will rotate those through different groups and continue to manufacture more systems for the next two years. To complete this task: *You will be provided with a frame, thin wing, thick wing, and required fasteners. *Complete a test of the assembly of the Frame and Thin Wing *Use Dynamic Substructuring to add an experimental or numerical model of the Thick Wing *Present results at IMAC in an extended abstract session that will act as an open forum to discuss dynamic substructuring Future years hope to focus on: *Blind predictions *Subsystems with nonlinearities *Damping challenges == Nonlinear Subcomponent Challenge == A set of nonlinear subcomponents designed by Sandia National Labs: [[:File:IMAC42 FrameWing Nonlinear Parts Wiki.pptx| IMAC42 Presentation]] by [mailto:bmolden@sandia.gov Ben Moldenhauer] [[:File:FW Nonlinear Subcomponents - Drawings.zip| Technical Drawings]] [[:File:FW Nonlinear Subcomponents - CAD Models.zip| CAD Models]] ==Results== *[[Sandia 2022 IMAC Four Unit Frame Dynamic Substructuring Results| Sandia 2022 IMAC Four Unit Frame Dynamic Substructuring Results]] [[Category:Dynamic Substructure Four Unit Frame]] 411ac037c3e4a7b721af1f3850095ee466dd5bf1 987 986 2024-02-08T02:18:04Z Bmoldenhauer 61 wikitext text/x-wiki With the formation of the Dynamic Substructures TD, the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen a new simplified test bed structure - the four unit frame. This structure can be modified to a variety of applications including: aerospace, automotive, and civil uses. == Four Unit Frame == [[File:FrameHmrCompare.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Four Unit Frame]] A subteam on the Dynamic Substructures TD designed this four unit frame after brainstorming some criteria for the structure. '''Key Features:''' *Manufactured from one piece of metal of stock *Subcomponent and shaker attachment points machined into frame *Adaptable to many types of studies *Possible circular/recursive transfer path *Large enough to minimize error due to mass loading More information can be found here: [[coming soon|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:2022 IMAC Recap.pdf|Frame Substructuring Kickoff]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! == Available Information == *Models **[[SEM 4UF Solid Models| Solid Models]] *Experimental Data **[[SEM 4UF Data| Test Data]] **[[SEM 4UF Measured Properties| Measured Properties]] == Thin & Thick Wing Challenge == To sign up for the challenge, e-mail [mailto:drroett@sandia.gov Dan Roettgen]. At IMAC XLI [2023] and XLII [2024] - we hope to have many universities and research institutions show their ability to perform dynamic substructuring predictions with the four unit frame. Presently there are 9 sets of hardware available so we will rotate those through different groups and continue to manufacture more systems for the next two years. To complete this task: *You will be provided with a frame, thin wing, thick wing, and required fasteners. *Complete a test of the assembly of the Frame and Thin Wing *Use Dynamic Substructuring to add an experimental or numerical model of the Thick Wing *Present results at IMAC in an extended abstract session that will act as an open forum to discuss dynamic substructuring Future years hope to focus on: *Blind predictions *Subsystems with nonlinearities *Damping challenges == Nonlinear Subcomponent Challenge == A set of nonlinear subcomponents designed by Sandia National Labs: [[:File:IMAC42 FrameWing Nonlinear Parts Wiki.pptx| IMAC42 Presentation]] by [mailto:bmolden@sandia.gov Ben Moldenhauer] [[:File:FW Nonlinear Subcomponents - Drawings.zip| Technical Drawings]] [[:File:FW Nonlinear Subcomponents - CAD Models.zip| CAD Models]] ==Results== *[[Sandia 2022 IMAC Four Unit Frame Dynamic Substructuring Results| Sandia 2022 IMAC Four Unit Frame Dynamic Substructuring Results]] [[Category:Dynamic Substructure Four Unit Frame]] 2b56f4b077f25a8a2d37e611bf0ab63425452e6a 992 987 2024-02-08T23:30:42Z Bmoldenhauer 61 wikitext text/x-wiki With the formation of the Dynamic Substructures TD, the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen a new simplified test bed structure - the four unit frame. This structure can be modified to a variety of applications including: aerospace, automotive, and civil uses. == Four Unit Frame == [[File:FrameHmrCompare.jpg|400px|thumb|right|Four Unit Frame]] A subteam on the Dynamic Substructures TD designed this four unit frame after brainstorming some criteria for the structure. '''Key Features:''' *Manufactured from one piece of metal of stock *Subcomponent and shaker attachment points machined into frame *Adaptable to many types of studies *Possible circular/recursive transfer path *Large enough to minimize error due to mass loading More information can be found here: [[coming soon|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:2022 IMAC Recap.pdf|Frame Substructuring Kickoff]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! == Thin & Thick Wing Challenge == To sign up for the challenge, e-mail [mailto:drroett@sandia.gov Dan Roettgen]. At IMAC XLI [2023] and XLII [2024] - we hope to have many universities and research institutions show their ability to perform dynamic substructuring predictions with the four unit frame. Presently there are 9 sets of hardware available so we will rotate those through different groups and continue to manufacture more systems for the next two years. To complete this task: *You will be provided with a frame, thin wing, thick wing, and required fasteners. *Complete a test of the assembly of the Frame and Thin Wing *Use Dynamic Substructuring to add an experimental or numerical model of the Thick Wing *Present results at IMAC in an extended abstract session that will act as an open forum to discuss dynamic substructuring Future years hope to focus on: * Improving Blind Predictions * Damping Challenges ''' Available Information: ''' *Models **[[SEM 4UF Solid Models| Solid Models]] *Experimental Data **[[SEM 4UF Data| Test Data (Geometry & FRFs)]] **[[SEM 4UF Measured Properties| Measured Properties (Mass & Natural Frequencies)]] ''' Results: ''' *[[Sandia 2022 IMAC Four Unit Frame Dynamic Substructuring Results| Sandia 2022 IMAC Four Unit Frame Dynamic Substructuring Results]] * IMAC 2023 Straight to Swept Wing Substructuring * IMAC 2023 Thin to Thick with Nonlinearity == Nonlinear Subcomponent Challenge == A set of nonlinear subcomponents designed by Sandia National Labs: [[:File:IMAC42 FrameWing Nonlinear Parts Wiki.pptx| IMAC42 Presentation]] by [mailto:bmolden@sandia.gov Ben Moldenhauer] * [[:File:FW Nonlinear Subcomponents - Drawings.zip| Technical Drawings]] * [[:File:FW Nonlinear Subcomponents - CAD Models.zip| CAD Models]] [[Category:Dynamic Substructure Four Unit Frame]] a96fe516b69d5140a63c92dac98f904e60c89114 999 992 2024-02-09T02:04:30Z Bmoldenhauer 61 wikitext text/x-wiki With the formation of the Dynamic Substructures TD, the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen a new simplified test bed structure - the four unit frame. This structure can be modified to a variety of applications including: aerospace, automotive, and civil uses. == Four Unit Frame == [[File:FrameHmrCompare.jpg|400px|thumb|right|Four Unit Frame]] A subteam on the Dynamic Substructures TD designed this four unit frame after brainstorming some criteria for the structure. '''Key Features:''' *Manufactured from one piece of metal of stock *Subcomponent and shaker attachment points machined into frame *Adaptable to many types of studies *Possible circular/recursive transfer path *Large enough to minimize error due to mass loading More information can be found here: [[coming soon|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:2022 IMAC Recap.pdf|Frame Substructuring Kickoff]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! == Thin & Thick Wing Challenge == To sign up for the challenge, e-mail [mailto:drroett@sandia.gov Dan Roettgen]. At IMAC XLI [2023] and XLII [2024] - we hope to have many universities and research institutions show their ability to perform dynamic substructuring predictions with the four unit frame. Presently there are 9 sets of hardware available so we will rotate those through different groups and continue to manufacture more systems for the next two years. To complete this task: *You will be provided with a frame, thin wing, thick wing, and required fasteners. *Complete a test of the assembly of the Frame and Thin Wing *Use Dynamic Substructuring to add an experimental or numerical model of the Thick Wing *Present results at IMAC in an extended abstract session that will act as an open forum to discuss dynamic substructuring Future years hope to focus on: * Improving Blind Predictions * Damping Challenges ''' Available Information: ''' *Models **[[SEM 4UF Solid Models| Solid Models]] *Experimental Data **[[SEM 4UF Data| Test Data (Geometry & FRFs)]] **[[SEM 4UF Measured Properties| Measured Properties (Mass & Natural Frequencies)]] ''' Results: ''' *[[Sandia 2022 IMAC Four Unit Frame Dynamic Substructuring Results| Sandia 2022 IMAC Four Unit Frame Dynamic Substructuring Results]] * IMAC 2023 Straight to Swept Wing Substructuring * IMAC 2023 Thin to Thick with Nonlinearity == Nonlinear Subcomponent Challenge == While Dynamic Substructuring has generally been concerned with modeling linear dynamics, assembled structures tend to exhibit some degree of nonlinear behavior - especially those containing bolted joints. In previous demonstrations, Linear Substructuring techniques have been used to successfully combine linear and weakly nonlinear subcomponents. However, further work is needed to investigate how to consistently incorporate more complicated nonlinear behavior into substructuring results to increase the reliability and accuracy of blind predictions. To that end, a set of nonlinear attachments for the Four Unit Frame have been designed by the team at Sandia National Labs. These include: * A variation of the thick wing that has been modified to incorporate a lap joint on each side, allowing for interchangeable straight and swept modular wing tips. * A pylon that attaches to the underside of the modular wing, featuring a contact nonlinearity defined by a smooth radius or sudden gap. See the [[:File:IMAC42 FrameWing Nonlinear Parts Wiki.pptx| IMAC42 Presentation]] which contains more information on the designs and a preliminary look at dynamic response data of the frame and nonlinear subcomponent assemblies. Technical drawings (PDFs) and CAD models (.stp files) for these parts are provided below: ''' Nonlinear Subcomponent Designs: ''' * [[:File:FW Nonlinear Subcomponents - Drawings.zip| Technical Drawings]] * [[:File:FW Nonlinear Subcomponents - CAD Models.zip| CAD Models]] ''' Community Challenge Objectives: ''' * IMAC 2025: Design and build a nonlinear component, either based on those described above or self-designed, and test it to determine the level and/or type of nonlinear response. * IMAC 2026: Attempt to complete a Dynamic Substructuring process involving the nonlinear components and identify any issues or deficiencies in your current approaches. * IMAC 2027: Formulate methods to address the identified deficiencies and compare across the community to enrich our collective understanding of substructuring with nonlinear subcomponents. For questions or more information, feel free to contact [mailto:bmolden@sandia.gov Ben Moldenhauer] and/or [mailto:drroett@sandia.gov Dan Roettgen]. [[Category:Dynamic Substructure Four Unit Frame]] 9eb37a3bc0314e55be44883909d9a5ba8e9ed56b 1006 999 2024-02-09T02:57:01Z Bmoldenhauer 61 /* Nonlinear Subcomponent Challenge */ wikitext text/x-wiki With the formation of the Dynamic Substructures TD, the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen a new simplified test bed structure - the four unit frame. This structure can be modified to a variety of applications including: aerospace, automotive, and civil uses. == Four Unit Frame == [[File:FrameHmrCompare.jpg|400px|thumb|right|Four Unit Frame]] A subteam on the Dynamic Substructures TD designed this four unit frame after brainstorming some criteria for the structure. '''Key Features:''' *Manufactured from one piece of metal of stock *Subcomponent and shaker attachment points machined into frame *Adaptable to many types of studies *Possible circular/recursive transfer path *Large enough to minimize error due to mass loading More information can be found here: [[coming soon|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:2022 IMAC Recap.pdf|Frame Substructuring Kickoff]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! == Thin & Thick Wing Challenge == To sign up for the challenge, e-mail [mailto:drroett@sandia.gov Dan Roettgen]. At IMAC XLI [2023] and XLII [2024] - we hope to have many universities and research institutions show their ability to perform dynamic substructuring predictions with the four unit frame. Presently there are 9 sets of hardware available so we will rotate those through different groups and continue to manufacture more systems for the next two years. To complete this task: *You will be provided with a frame, thin wing, thick wing, and required fasteners. *Complete a test of the assembly of the Frame and Thin Wing *Use Dynamic Substructuring to add an experimental or numerical model of the Thick Wing *Present results at IMAC in an extended abstract session that will act as an open forum to discuss dynamic substructuring Future years hope to focus on: * Improving Blind Predictions * Damping Challenges ''' Available Information: ''' *Models **[[SEM 4UF Solid Models| Solid Models]] *Experimental Data **[[SEM 4UF Data| Test Data (Geometry & FRFs)]] **[[SEM 4UF Measured Properties| Measured Properties (Mass & Natural Frequencies)]] ''' Results: ''' *[[Sandia 2022 IMAC Four Unit Frame Dynamic Substructuring Results| Sandia 2022 IMAC Four Unit Frame Dynamic Substructuring Results]] * IMAC 2023 Straight to Swept Wing Substructuring * IMAC 2023 Thin to Thick with Nonlinearity == Nonlinear Subcomponent Challenge == While Dynamic Substructuring has generally been concerned with modeling linear dynamics, assembled structures tend to exhibit some degree of nonlinear behavior - especially those containing bolted joints. In previous demonstrations, Linear Substructuring techniques have been used to successfully combine linear and weakly nonlinear subcomponents. However, further work is needed to investigate how to consistently incorporate more complicated nonlinear behavior into substructuring results to increase the reliability and accuracy of blind predictions. To that end, a set of nonlinear attachments for the Four Unit Frame have been designed by the team at Sandia National Labs. These include: * A variation of the thick wing that has been modified to incorporate a lap joint on each side, allowing for interchangeable straight and swept modular wing tips. * A pylon that attaches to the underside of the modular wing, featuring a contact nonlinearity defined by a smooth radius or sudden gap. <gallery> File:MODEL_WING_STRAIGHT.png | Frame & Straight Modular Wing File:MODEL_WING_SWEPT.png| Frame & Swept Modular Wing File:TS.png| Plate File:Test4.jpg| Truth Assembly </gallery> Given below are the IMAC42 Presentation slides which introduced the components and contain more information on the designs and a preliminary look at dynamic response data of the frame and nonlinear subcomponent assemblies, and technical drawings (PDFs) and CAD models (.stp files) for these parts. ''' [[:File:IMAC42 FrameWing Nonlinear Parts Wiki.pptx| IMAC2024 Presentation]] ''' ''' Nonlinear Subcomponent Designs: ''' * [[:File:FW Nonlinear Subcomponents - Drawings.zip| Technical Drawings]] * [[:File:FW Nonlinear Subcomponents - CAD Models.zip| CAD Models]] ''' Community Challenge Objectives: ''' * IMAC 2025: Design and build a nonlinear component, either based on those described above or self-designed, and test it to determine the level and/or type of nonlinear response. * IMAC 2026: Attempt to complete a Dynamic Substructuring process involving the nonlinear components and identify any issues or deficiencies in your current approaches. * IMAC 2027: Formulate methods to address the identified deficiencies and compare across the community to enrich our collective understanding of substructuring with nonlinear subcomponents. For questions or more information, feel free to contact [mailto:bmolden@sandia.gov Ben Moldenhauer] and/or [mailto:drroett@sandia.gov Dan Roettgen]. [[Category:Dynamic Substructure Four Unit Frame]] 610fb0f40ceda836085319545931bcbb483d9dee 1007 1006 2024-02-09T03:20:43Z Bmoldenhauer 61 wikitext text/x-wiki With the formation of the Dynamic Substructures TD, the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen a new simplified test bed structure - the four unit frame. This structure can be modified to a variety of applications including: aerospace, automotive, and civil uses. == Four Unit Frame == [[File:FrameHmrCompare.jpg|400px|thumb|right|Four Unit Frame]] A subteam on the Dynamic Substructures TD designed this four unit frame after brainstorming some criteria for the structure. '''Key Features:''' *Manufactured from one piece of metal of stock *Subcomponent and shaker attachment points machined into frame *Adaptable to many types of studies *Possible circular/recursive transfer path *Large enough to minimize error due to mass loading More information can be found here: [[coming soon|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:2022 IMAC Recap.pdf|Frame Substructuring Kickoff]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! == Thin & Thick Wing Challenge == To sign up for the challenge, e-mail [mailto:drroett@sandia.gov Dan Roettgen]. At IMAC XLI [2023] and XLII [2024] - we hope to have many universities and research institutions show their ability to perform dynamic substructuring predictions with the four unit frame. Presently there are 9 sets of hardware available so we will rotate those through different groups and continue to manufacture more systems for the next two years. To complete this task: *You will be provided with a frame, thin wing, thick wing, and required fasteners. *Complete a test of the assembly of the Frame and Thin Wing *Use Dynamic Substructuring to add an experimental or numerical model of the Thick Wing *Present results at IMAC in an extended abstract session that will act as an open forum to discuss dynamic substructuring Future years hope to focus on: * Improving Blind Predictions * Damping Challenges ''' Available Information: ''' *Models **[[SEM 4UF Solid Models| Solid Models]] *Experimental Data **[[SEM 4UF Data| Test Data (Geometry & FRFs)]] **[[SEM 4UF Measured Properties| Measured Properties (Mass & Natural Frequencies)]] ''' Results: ''' *[[Sandia 2022 IMAC Four Unit Frame Dynamic Substructuring Results| Sandia 2022 IMAC Four Unit Frame Dynamic Substructuring Results]] * IMAC 2023 Straight to Swept Wing Substructuring * IMAC 2023 Thin to Thick with Nonlinearity == Nonlinear Subcomponent Challenge == While Dynamic Substructuring has generally been concerned with modeling linear dynamics, assembled structures tend to exhibit some degree of nonlinear behavior - especially those containing bolted joints. In previous demonstrations, Linear Substructuring techniques have been used to successfully combine linear and weakly nonlinear subcomponents. However, further work is needed to investigate how to consistently incorporate more complicated nonlinear behavior into substructuring results to increase the reliability and accuracy of blind predictions. To that end, a set of nonlinear attachments for the Four Unit Frame have been designed by the team at Sandia National Labs. These include: * A variation of the thick wing that has been modified to incorporate a lap joint on each side, allowing for interchangeable straight and swept modular wing tips. * A pylon that attaches to the underside of the modular wing, featuring a contact nonlinearity defined by a smooth radius or sudden gap. These designs were presented at IMAC2024 along with a set of challenges for the community. Below is that presentation, the drawings and models of the nonlinear subcomponents, and the proposed challenges. ''' [[:File:IMAC42 FrameWing Nonlinear Parts Wiki.pptx| IMAC2024 Presentation]] ''' - Contains information on the designs and a preliminary look at dynamic response data of the frame and nonlinear subcomponent assemblies ''' Nonlinear Subcomponent Designs: ''' * [[:File:FW Nonlinear Subcomponents - Drawings.zip| Technical Drawings]] - PDFs * [[:File:FW Nonlinear Subcomponents - CAD Models.zip| CAD Models]] - .stp files <gallery> File:MODEL_WING_STRAIGHT.png | Frame & Straight Modular Wing File:MODEL_WING_SWEPT.png| Frame & Swept Modular Wing File:MODEL_PYLON_GAP.png| Gap Pylon File:MODEL_PYLON_RADIUS.png| Radius Pylon </gallery> ''' Community Challenge Objectives: ''' * IMAC 2025: Design and build a nonlinear component, either based on those described above or self-designed, and test it to determine the level and/or type of nonlinear response. * IMAC 2026: Attempt to complete a Dynamic Substructuring process involving the nonlinear components and identify any issues or deficiencies in your current approaches. * IMAC 2027: Formulate methods to address the identified deficiencies and compare across the community to enrich our collective understanding of substructuring with nonlinear subcomponents. For questions or more information, feel free to contact [mailto:bmolden@sandia.gov Ben Moldenhauer] and/or [mailto:drroett@sandia.gov Dan Roettgen]. [[Category:Dynamic Substructure Four Unit Frame]] 58cbb101454374ea27ea7da69ba84696e258541f 1008 1007 2024-02-09T03:25:09Z Bmoldenhauer 61 /* Nonlinear Subcomponent Challenge */ wikitext text/x-wiki With the formation of the Dynamic Substructures TD, the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen a new simplified test bed structure - the four unit frame. This structure can be modified to a variety of applications including: aerospace, automotive, and civil uses. == Four Unit Frame == [[File:FrameHmrCompare.jpg|400px|thumb|right|Four Unit Frame]] A subteam on the Dynamic Substructures TD designed this four unit frame after brainstorming some criteria for the structure. '''Key Features:''' *Manufactured from one piece of metal of stock *Subcomponent and shaker attachment points machined into frame *Adaptable to many types of studies *Possible circular/recursive transfer path *Large enough to minimize error due to mass loading More information can be found here: [[coming soon|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:2022 IMAC Recap.pdf|Frame Substructuring Kickoff]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! == Thin & Thick Wing Challenge == To sign up for the challenge, e-mail [mailto:drroett@sandia.gov Dan Roettgen]. At IMAC XLI [2023] and XLII [2024] - we hope to have many universities and research institutions show their ability to perform dynamic substructuring predictions with the four unit frame. Presently there are 9 sets of hardware available so we will rotate those through different groups and continue to manufacture more systems for the next two years. To complete this task: *You will be provided with a frame, thin wing, thick wing, and required fasteners. *Complete a test of the assembly of the Frame and Thin Wing *Use Dynamic Substructuring to add an experimental or numerical model of the Thick Wing *Present results at IMAC in an extended abstract session that will act as an open forum to discuss dynamic substructuring Future years hope to focus on: * Improving Blind Predictions * Damping Challenges ''' Available Information: ''' *Models **[[SEM 4UF Solid Models| Solid Models]] *Experimental Data **[[SEM 4UF Data| Test Data (Geometry & FRFs)]] **[[SEM 4UF Measured Properties| Measured Properties (Mass & Natural Frequencies)]] ''' Results: ''' *[[Sandia 2022 IMAC Four Unit Frame Dynamic Substructuring Results| Sandia 2022 IMAC Four Unit Frame Dynamic Substructuring Results]] * IMAC 2023 Straight to Swept Wing Substructuring * IMAC 2023 Thin to Thick with Nonlinearity == Nonlinear Subcomponent Challenge == While Dynamic Substructuring has generally been concerned with modeling linear dynamics, assembled structures tend to exhibit some degree of nonlinear behavior - especially those containing bolted joints. In previous demonstrations, Linear Substructuring techniques have been used to successfully combine linear and weakly nonlinear subcomponents. However, further work is needed to investigate how to consistently incorporate more complicated nonlinear behavior into substructuring results to increase the reliability and accuracy of blind predictions. To that end, a set of nonlinear attachments for the Four Unit Frame have been designed by the team at Sandia National Labs. These include: * A variation of the thick wing that has been modified to incorporate a lap joint on each side, allowing for interchangeable straight and swept modular wing tips. * A pylon that attaches to the underside of the modular wing, featuring a contact nonlinearity defined by a smooth radius or sudden gap. These designs were presented at IMAC2024 along with a set of challenges for the community. Below is that presentation, the drawings and models of the nonlinear subcomponents, and the proposed challenges. ''' [[:File:IMAC42 FrameWing Nonlinear Parts Wiki.pptx| IMAC2024 Presentation]] ''' - Contains information on the designs and a preliminary look at dynamic response data of the frame and nonlinear subcomponent assemblies ''' Nonlinear Subcomponent Designs: ''' * [[:File:FW Nonlinear Subcomponents - Drawings.zip| Technical Drawings]] - PDFs * [[:File:FW Nonlinear Subcomponents - CAD Models.zip| CAD Models]] - .stp files [[File:MODEL_WING_STRAIGHT.png|600px|Frame & Straight Modular Wing]] [[File:MODEL_WING_SWEPT.png|600px|Frame & Swept Modular Wing]] [[File:MODEL_PYLON_GAP.png|200px|Gap Pylon]] [[File:MODEL_PYLON_RADIUS.png|200px|Radius Pylon]] <gallery> File:MODEL_WING_STRAIGHT.png | Frame & Straight Modular Wing File:MODEL_WING_SWEPT.png| Frame & Swept Modular Wing File:MODEL_PYLON_GAP.png| Gap Pylon File:MODEL_PYLON_RADIUS.png| Radius Pylon </gallery> ''' Community Challenge Objectives: ''' * IMAC 2025: Design and build a nonlinear component, either based on those described above or self-designed, and test it to determine the level and/or type of nonlinear response. * IMAC 2026: Attempt to complete a Dynamic Substructuring process involving the nonlinear components and identify any issues or deficiencies in your current approaches. * IMAC 2027: Formulate methods to address the identified deficiencies and compare across the community to enrich our collective understanding of substructuring with nonlinear subcomponents. For questions or more information, feel free to contact [mailto:bmolden@sandia.gov Ben Moldenhauer] and/or [mailto:drroett@sandia.gov Dan Roettgen]. [[Category:Dynamic Substructure Four Unit Frame]] 88ff3afb400113dac767a0ef7860054a1adada44 1009 1008 2024-02-09T03:26:18Z Bmoldenhauer 61 /* Nonlinear Subcomponent Challenge */ wikitext text/x-wiki With the formation of the Dynamic Substructures TD, the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen a new simplified test bed structure - the four unit frame. This structure can be modified to a variety of applications including: aerospace, automotive, and civil uses. == Four Unit Frame == [[File:FrameHmrCompare.jpg|400px|thumb|right|Four Unit Frame]] A subteam on the Dynamic Substructures TD designed this four unit frame after brainstorming some criteria for the structure. '''Key Features:''' *Manufactured from one piece of metal of stock *Subcomponent and shaker attachment points machined into frame *Adaptable to many types of studies *Possible circular/recursive transfer path *Large enough to minimize error due to mass loading More information can be found here: [[coming soon|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:2022 IMAC Recap.pdf|Frame Substructuring Kickoff]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! == Thin & Thick Wing Challenge == To sign up for the challenge, e-mail [mailto:drroett@sandia.gov Dan Roettgen]. At IMAC XLI [2023] and XLII [2024] - we hope to have many universities and research institutions show their ability to perform dynamic substructuring predictions with the four unit frame. Presently there are 9 sets of hardware available so we will rotate those through different groups and continue to manufacture more systems for the next two years. To complete this task: *You will be provided with a frame, thin wing, thick wing, and required fasteners. *Complete a test of the assembly of the Frame and Thin Wing *Use Dynamic Substructuring to add an experimental or numerical model of the Thick Wing *Present results at IMAC in an extended abstract session that will act as an open forum to discuss dynamic substructuring Future years hope to focus on: * Improving Blind Predictions * Damping Challenges ''' Available Information: ''' *Models **[[SEM 4UF Solid Models| Solid Models]] *Experimental Data **[[SEM 4UF Data| Test Data (Geometry & FRFs)]] **[[SEM 4UF Measured Properties| Measured Properties (Mass & Natural Frequencies)]] ''' Results: ''' *[[Sandia 2022 IMAC Four Unit Frame Dynamic Substructuring Results| Sandia 2022 IMAC Four Unit Frame Dynamic Substructuring Results]] * IMAC 2023 Straight to Swept Wing Substructuring * IMAC 2023 Thin to Thick with Nonlinearity == Nonlinear Subcomponent Challenge == While Dynamic Substructuring has generally been concerned with modeling linear dynamics, assembled structures tend to exhibit some degree of nonlinear behavior - especially those containing bolted joints. In previous demonstrations, Linear Substructuring techniques have been used to successfully combine linear and weakly nonlinear subcomponents. However, further work is needed to investigate how to consistently incorporate more complicated nonlinear behavior into substructuring results to increase the reliability and accuracy of blind predictions. To that end, a set of nonlinear attachments for the Four Unit Frame have been designed by the team at Sandia National Labs. These include: * A variation of the thick wing that has been modified to incorporate a lap joint on each side, allowing for interchangeable straight and swept modular wing tips. * A pylon that attaches to the underside of the modular wing, featuring a contact nonlinearity defined by a smooth radius or sudden gap. These designs were presented at IMAC2024 along with a set of challenges for the community. Below is that presentation, the drawings and models of the nonlinear subcomponents, and the proposed challenges. ''' [[:File:IMAC42 FrameWing Nonlinear Parts Wiki.pptx| IMAC2024 Presentation]] ''' - Contains information on the designs and a preliminary look at dynamic response data of the frame and nonlinear subcomponent assemblies ''' Nonlinear Subcomponent Designs: ''' * [[:File:FW Nonlinear Subcomponents - Drawings.zip| Technical Drawings]] - PDFs * [[:File:FW Nonlinear Subcomponents - CAD Models.zip| CAD Models]] - .stp files <!-- [[File:MODEL_WING_STRAIGHT.png|600px|Frame & Straight Modular Wing]] [[File:MODEL_WING_SWEPT.png|600px|Frame & Swept Modular Wing]] [[File:MODEL_PYLON_GAP.png|200px|Gap Pylon]] [[File:MODEL_PYLON_RADIUS.png|200px|Radius Pylon]] --> <gallery> File:MODEL_WING_STRAIGHT.png | Frame & Straight Modular Wing File:MODEL_WING_SWEPT.png| Frame & Swept Modular Wing File:MODEL_PYLON_GAP.png| Gap Pylon File:MODEL_PYLON_RADIUS.png| Radius Pylon </gallery> ''' Community Challenge Objectives: ''' * IMAC 2025: Design and build a nonlinear component, either based on those described above or self-designed, and test it to determine the level and/or type of nonlinear response. * IMAC 2026: Attempt to complete a Dynamic Substructuring process involving the nonlinear components and identify any issues or deficiencies in your current approaches. * IMAC 2027: Formulate methods to address the identified deficiencies and compare across the community to enrich our collective understanding of substructuring with nonlinear subcomponents. For questions or more information, feel free to contact [mailto:bmolden@sandia.gov Ben Moldenhauer] and/or [mailto:drroett@sandia.gov Dan Roettgen]. [[Category:Dynamic Substructure Four Unit Frame]] c35eb6400db31a03363059616cdee24011f85146 1014 1009 2024-02-13T00:45:43Z Bmoldenhauer 61 /* Thin & Thick Wing Challenge */ wikitext text/x-wiki With the formation of the Dynamic Substructures TD, the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen a new simplified test bed structure - the four unit frame. This structure can be modified to a variety of applications including: aerospace, automotive, and civil uses. == Four Unit Frame == [[File:FrameHmrCompare.jpg|400px|thumb|right|Four Unit Frame]] A subteam on the Dynamic Substructures TD designed this four unit frame after brainstorming some criteria for the structure. '''Key Features:''' *Manufactured from one piece of metal of stock *Subcomponent and shaker attachment points machined into frame *Adaptable to many types of studies *Possible circular/recursive transfer path *Large enough to minimize error due to mass loading More information can be found here: [[coming soon|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:2022 IMAC Recap.pdf|Frame Substructuring Kickoff]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! == Thin & Thick Wing Challenge == To sign up for the challenge, e-mail [mailto:drroett@sandia.gov Dan Roettgen]. At IMAC XLI [2023] and XLII [2024] - we hope to have many universities and research institutions show their ability to perform dynamic substructuring predictions with the four unit frame. Presently there are 9 sets of hardware available so we will rotate those through different groups and continue to manufacture more systems for the next two years. To complete this task: *You will be provided with a frame, thin wing, thick wing, and required fasteners. *Complete a test of the assembly of the Frame and Thin Wing *Use Dynamic Substructuring to add an experimental or numerical model of the Thick Wing *Present results at IMAC in an extended abstract session that will act as an open forum to discuss dynamic substructuring Future years hope to focus on: * Improving Blind Predictions * Damping Challenges ''' Available Information: ''' *Models **[[SEM 4UF Solid Models| Solid Models]] *Experimental Data **[[SEM 4UF Data| Test Data (Geometry & FRFs)]] **[[SEM 4UF Measured Properties| Measured Properties (Mass & Natural Frequencies)]] ''' Results: ''' *[[Sandia 2022 IMAC Four Unit Frame Dynamic Substructuring Results| Sandia 2022 IMAC Four Unit Frame Dynamic Substructuring Results]] * IMAC 2023 Straight to Swept Wing Substructuring * [:File:IMAC2023_FrameWing_Nonlinear_Substructuring_Wiki.pptx| IMAC 2023 Thin to Thick with Nonlinearity] == Nonlinear Subcomponent Challenge == While Dynamic Substructuring has generally been concerned with modeling linear dynamics, assembled structures tend to exhibit some degree of nonlinear behavior - especially those containing bolted joints. In previous demonstrations, Linear Substructuring techniques have been used to successfully combine linear and weakly nonlinear subcomponents. However, further work is needed to investigate how to consistently incorporate more complicated nonlinear behavior into substructuring results to increase the reliability and accuracy of blind predictions. To that end, a set of nonlinear attachments for the Four Unit Frame have been designed by the team at Sandia National Labs. These include: * A variation of the thick wing that has been modified to incorporate a lap joint on each side, allowing for interchangeable straight and swept modular wing tips. * A pylon that attaches to the underside of the modular wing, featuring a contact nonlinearity defined by a smooth radius or sudden gap. These designs were presented at IMAC2024 along with a set of challenges for the community. Below is that presentation, the drawings and models of the nonlinear subcomponents, and the proposed challenges. ''' [[:File:IMAC42 FrameWing Nonlinear Parts Wiki.pptx| IMAC2024 Presentation]] ''' - Contains information on the designs and a preliminary look at dynamic response data of the frame and nonlinear subcomponent assemblies ''' Nonlinear Subcomponent Designs: ''' * [[:File:FW Nonlinear Subcomponents - Drawings.zip| Technical Drawings]] - PDFs * [[:File:FW Nonlinear Subcomponents - CAD Models.zip| CAD Models]] - .stp files <!-- [[File:MODEL_WING_STRAIGHT.png|600px|Frame & Straight Modular Wing]] [[File:MODEL_WING_SWEPT.png|600px|Frame & Swept Modular Wing]] [[File:MODEL_PYLON_GAP.png|200px|Gap Pylon]] [[File:MODEL_PYLON_RADIUS.png|200px|Radius Pylon]] --> <gallery> File:MODEL_WING_STRAIGHT.png | Frame & Straight Modular Wing File:MODEL_WING_SWEPT.png| Frame & Swept Modular Wing File:MODEL_PYLON_GAP.png| Gap Pylon File:MODEL_PYLON_RADIUS.png| Radius Pylon </gallery> ''' Community Challenge Objectives: ''' * IMAC 2025: Design and build a nonlinear component, either based on those described above or self-designed, and test it to determine the level and/or type of nonlinear response. * IMAC 2026: Attempt to complete a Dynamic Substructuring process involving the nonlinear components and identify any issues or deficiencies in your current approaches. * IMAC 2027: Formulate methods to address the identified deficiencies and compare across the community to enrich our collective understanding of substructuring with nonlinear subcomponents. For questions or more information, feel free to contact [mailto:bmolden@sandia.gov Ben Moldenhauer] and/or [mailto:drroett@sandia.gov Dan Roettgen]. [[Category:Dynamic Substructure Four Unit Frame]] 8e5cbc4f890d904c3424d8e7f4a75a6a722e640d 1015 1014 2024-02-13T00:51:13Z Bmoldenhauer 61 wikitext text/x-wiki With the formation of the Dynamic Substructures TD, the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen a new simplified test bed structure - the four unit frame. This structure can be modified to a variety of applications including: aerospace, automotive, and civil uses. == Four Unit Frame == [[File:FrameHmrCompare.jpg|400px|thumb|right|Four Unit Frame]] A subteam on the Dynamic Substructures TD designed this four unit frame after brainstorming some criteria for the structure. '''Key Features:''' *Manufactured from one piece of metal of stock *Subcomponent and shaker attachment points machined into frame *Adaptable to many types of studies *Possible circular/recursive transfer path *Large enough to minimize error due to mass loading More information can be found here: [[coming soon|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:2022 IMAC Recap.pdf|Frame Substructuring Kickoff]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! == Thin & Thick Wing Challenge == To sign up for the challenge, e-mail [mailto:drroett@sandia.gov Dan Roettgen]. At IMAC XLI [2023] and XLII [2024] - we hope to have many universities and research institutions show their ability to perform dynamic substructuring predictions with the four unit frame. Presently there are 9 sets of hardware available so we will rotate those through different groups and continue to manufacture more systems for the next two years. To complete this task: *You will be provided with a frame, thin wing, thick wing, and required fasteners. *Complete a test of the assembly of the Frame and Thin Wing *Use Dynamic Substructuring to add an experimental or numerical model of the Thick Wing *Present results at IMAC in an extended abstract session that will act as an open forum to discuss dynamic substructuring Future years hope to focus on: * Improving Blind Predictions * Damping Challenges ''' Available Information: ''' *Models **[[SEM 4UF Solid Models| Solid Models]] *Experimental Data **[[SEM 4UF Data| Test Data (Geometry & FRFs)]] **[[SEM 4UF Measured Properties| Measured Properties (Mass & Natural Frequencies)]] ''' Results: ''' * [[Sandia 2022 IMAC Four Unit Frame Dynamic Substructuring Results| IMAC 2022 - Four Unit Frame Dynamic Substructuring Results]] * IMAC 2023 - Straight to Swept Wing Substructuring * [[:File:IMAC2023_FrameWing_Nonlinear_Substructuring_Wiki.pptx| IMAC 2023 - Thin to Thick Wing with Nonlinearity]] == Nonlinear Subcomponent Challenge == While Dynamic Substructuring has generally been concerned with modeling linear dynamics, assembled structures tend to exhibit some degree of nonlinear behavior - especially those containing bolted joints. In previous demonstrations, Linear Substructuring techniques have been used to successfully combine linear and weakly nonlinear subcomponents. However, further work is needed to investigate how to consistently incorporate more complicated nonlinear behavior into substructuring results to increase the reliability and accuracy of blind predictions. To that end, a set of nonlinear attachments for the Four Unit Frame have been designed by the team at Sandia National Labs. These include: * A variation of the thick wing that has been modified to incorporate a lap joint on each side, allowing for interchangeable straight and swept modular wing tips. * A pylon that attaches to the underside of the modular wing, featuring a contact nonlinearity defined by a smooth radius or sudden gap. These designs were presented at IMAC2024 along with a set of challenges for the community. Below is that presentation, the drawings and models of the nonlinear subcomponents, and the proposed challenges. ''' [[:File:IMAC42 FrameWing Nonlinear Parts Wiki.pptx| IMAC2024 Presentation]] ''' - Contains information on the designs and a preliminary look at dynamic response data of the frame and nonlinear subcomponent assemblies ''' Nonlinear Subcomponent Designs: ''' * [[:File:FW Nonlinear Subcomponents - Drawings.zip| Technical Drawings]] - PDFs * [[:File:FW Nonlinear Subcomponents - CAD Models.zip| CAD Models]] - .stp files <!-- [[File:MODEL_WING_STRAIGHT.png|600px|Frame & Straight Modular Wing]] [[File:MODEL_WING_SWEPT.png|600px|Frame & Swept Modular Wing]] [[File:MODEL_PYLON_GAP.png|200px|Gap Pylon]] [[File:MODEL_PYLON_RADIUS.png|200px|Radius Pylon]] --> <gallery> File:MODEL_WING_STRAIGHT.png | Frame & Straight Modular Wing File:MODEL_WING_SWEPT.png| Frame & Swept Modular Wing File:MODEL_PYLON_GAP.png| Gap Pylon File:MODEL_PYLON_RADIUS.png| Radius Pylon </gallery> ''' Community Challenge Objectives: ''' * IMAC 2025: Design and build a nonlinear component, either based on those described above or self-designed, and test it to determine the level and/or type of nonlinear response. * IMAC 2026: Attempt to complete a Dynamic Substructuring process involving the nonlinear components and identify any issues or deficiencies in your current approaches. * IMAC 2027: Formulate methods to address the identified deficiencies and compare across the community to enrich our collective understanding of substructuring with nonlinear subcomponents. For questions or more information, feel free to contact [mailto:bmolden@sandia.gov Ben Moldenhauer] and/or [mailto:drroett@sandia.gov Dan Roettgen]. [[Category:Dynamic Substructure Four Unit Frame]] ed86a05a86c9b34a7e81f8d8cce2ac74b5b97cb2 6 354 983 2024-02-08T01:56:55Z Bmoldenhauer 61 Presentation given at IMAC42 in 2024 by Ben Moldenhauer going over the proposed nonlinear subcomponents for the Frame and Wing Round Robin structure. wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == Presentation given at IMAC42 in 2024 by Ben Moldenhauer going over the proposed nonlinear subcomponents for the Frame and Wing Round Robin structure. 2852a1f59f57d39d9b4438081d3fcfbaf0c86a0c 0 347 988 946 2024-02-08T23:23:42Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki == Photo of Substructure TD Attendees == [[File:SubstructureTDAttendees-IMAC2023.jpg|800px]] IMAC 2023, Austin, TX [[File:SubstructureTDAttendees-IMAC2022.jpg|800px]] IMAC 2022, Orlando, Florida [[File:SubstructureTDAttendees-IMAC2020.jpg|800px]] IMAC 2020, Houston, Texas 13ef525f22ce384548b5e61f823e2d5780a9aa6f 998 988 2024-02-09T02:04:00Z Bmoldenhauer 61 /* Photo of Substructure TD Attendees */ wikitext text/x-wiki == Photo of Substructure TD Attendees == [[File:SubstructureTDAttendees-IMAC2023.jpg|800px]] IMAC 2023, Austin, TX [[File:SubstructureTDAttendees-IMAC2022.jpg|800px]] IMAC 2022, Orlando, Florida [[File:SubstructureTDAttendees-IMAC2020.jpg|800px]] IMAC 2020, Houston, Texas 042b93f105fd50d84f10ebf637747efc80d7894d 6 355 989 2024-02-08T23:27:56Z Mallen 48 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 356 993 2024-02-09T01:04:54Z Bmoldenhauer 61 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 357 994 2024-02-09T01:12:04Z Bmoldenhauer 61 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 358 995 2024-02-09T01:13:55Z Bmoldenhauer 61 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 359 1000 2024-02-09T02:26:50Z Bmoldenhauer 61 Render of the four unit frame with the swept modular wings model wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == Render of the four unit frame with the swept modular wings model 8f349cd8b55932d0f0e98370087904ad525b7a27 6 360 1001 2024-02-09T02:28:03Z Bmoldenhauer 61 Render of the four unit frame with the straight modular wings model wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == Render of the four unit frame with the straight modular wings model 3ac3a2f91f9bb1ba29d7131153c25a281fc9ff1a 0 207 1002 626 2024-02-09T02:37:06Z Bmoldenhauer 61 wikitext text/x-wiki A tutorial on Iwan Modeling for bolted joints can be found below. [http://sd.engr.wisc.edu/dynamics-of-bolted-interfaces/ Tutorial on Iwan Modeling] The software mentioned in the tutorial is available here: [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:IwanTool.zip IwanTools.zip] [[Category:Knowledge Base]] d7700de033c0775293e206c7e9ecadb10c1bc5d2 1003 1002 2024-02-09T02:50:15Z Bmoldenhauer 61 wikitext text/x-wiki A tutorial on Iwan Modeling for bolted joints can be found below. [https://byusdrg.com/dynamics-of-bolted-interfaces/ Tutorial on Iwan Modeling] The software mentioned in the tutorial is available here: [https://wiki.sem.org/wiki/File:IwanTool.zip IwanTools.zip] [[Category:Knowledge Base]] b5019753f16726125206c4dbfdd0870e2fd6f789 6 361 1004 2024-02-09T02:55:41Z Bmoldenhauer 61 Render of the nonlinear pylon with gap contact assembly model wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == Render of the nonlinear pylon with gap contact assembly model 4dd245c35ac998822a0a097d0083fc1e62de9441 6 362 1005 2024-02-09T02:56:03Z Bmoldenhauer 61 Render of the nonlinear pylon with radius contact assembly model wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == Render of the nonlinear pylon with radius contact assembly model 4207cc5020dc9b8a71afc5cee785005f1ad2b9a7 6 363 1013 2024-02-13T00:43:32Z Bmoldenhauer 61 IMAC2023 presentation by Ben Moldenhauer, going over a process for projecting a nonlinear model of the frame, plate, and thin wing through linear substructuring constraints to replace the thin wing with the thick wing. wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == IMAC2023 presentation by Ben Moldenhauer, going over a process for projecting a nonlinear model of the frame, plate, and thin wing through linear substructuring constraints to replace the thin wing with the thick wing. e3d866ff3b24aac8cbf0c679de968babf37b0786 6 364 1016 2024-02-13T00:59:41Z Bmoldenhauer 61 IMAC2023 presentation by Dan Roettgen, going over dynamic substructuring results of replacing the straight thin wing and plate with a model of a swept wing. wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == IMAC2023 presentation by Dan Roettgen, going over dynamic substructuring results of replacing the straight thin wing and plate with a model of a swept wing. 7d3bfed30a2c0bebdc648bccb2f41e51470e17af 0 327 1017 1015 2024-02-13T01:04:35Z Bmoldenhauer 61 wikitext text/x-wiki With the formation of the Dynamic Substructures TD, the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen a new simplified test bed structure - the four unit frame. This structure can be modified to a variety of applications including: aerospace, automotive, and civil uses. == Four Unit Frame == [[File:FrameHmrCompare.jpg|400px|thumb|right|Four Unit Frame]] A subteam on the Dynamic Substructures TD designed this four unit frame after brainstorming some criteria for the structure. '''Key Features:''' *Manufactured from one piece of metal of stock *Subcomponent and shaker attachment points machined into frame *Adaptable to many types of studies *Possible circular/recursive transfer path *Large enough to minimize error due to mass loading More information can be found here: [[coming soon|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:2022 IMAC Recap.pdf|Frame Substructuring Kickoff]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! == Thin & Thick Wing Challenge == To sign up for the challenge, e-mail [mailto:drroett@sandia.gov Dan Roettgen]. At IMAC XLI [2023] and XLII [2024] - we hope to have many universities and research institutions show their ability to perform dynamic substructuring predictions with the four unit frame. Presently there are 9 sets of hardware available so we will rotate those through different groups and continue to manufacture more systems for the next two years. To complete this task: *You will be provided with a frame, thin wing, thick wing, and required fasteners. *Complete a test of the assembly of the Frame and Thin Wing *Use Dynamic Substructuring to add an experimental or numerical model of the Thick Wing *Present results at IMAC in an extended abstract session that will act as an open forum to discuss dynamic substructuring Future years hope to focus on: * Improving Blind Predictions * Damping Challenges ''' Available Information: ''' *Models **[[SEM 4UF Solid Models| Solid Models]] *Experimental Data **[[SEM 4UF Data| Test Data (Geometry & FRFs)]] **[[SEM 4UF Measured Properties| Measured Properties (Mass & Natural Frequencies)]] ''' Results: ''' * [[Sandia 2022 IMAC Four Unit Frame Dynamic Substructuring Results| IMAC 2022 - Four Unit Frame Dynamic Substructuring Results]] * [[:File:IMAC2023_Straight_to_Swept_Wing_Substructuring.pptx| IMAC 2023 - Straight to Swept Wing Substructuring]] * [[:File:IMAC2023_FrameWing_Nonlinear_Substructuring_Wiki.pptx| IMAC 2023 - Thin to Thick Wing with Nonlinearity]] == Nonlinear Subcomponent Challenge == While Dynamic Substructuring has generally been concerned with modeling linear dynamics, assembled structures tend to exhibit some degree of nonlinear behavior - especially those containing bolted joints. In previous demonstrations, Linear Substructuring techniques have been used to successfully combine linear and weakly nonlinear subcomponents. However, further work is needed to investigate how to consistently incorporate more complicated nonlinear behavior into substructuring results to increase the reliability and accuracy of blind predictions. To that end, a set of nonlinear attachments for the Four Unit Frame have been designed by the team at Sandia National Labs. These include: * A variation of the thick wing that has been modified to incorporate a lap joint on each side, allowing for interchangeable straight and swept modular wing tips. * A pylon that attaches to the underside of the modular wing, featuring a contact nonlinearity defined by a smooth radius or sudden gap. These designs were presented at IMAC2024 along with a set of challenges for the community. Below is that presentation, the drawings and models of the nonlinear subcomponents, and the proposed challenges. ''' [[:File:IMAC42 FrameWing Nonlinear Parts Wiki.pptx| IMAC2024 Presentation]] ''' - Contains information on the designs and a preliminary look at dynamic response data of the frame and nonlinear subcomponent assemblies ''' Nonlinear Subcomponent Designs: ''' * [[:File:FW Nonlinear Subcomponents - Drawings.zip| Technical Drawings]] - PDFs * [[:File:FW Nonlinear Subcomponents - CAD Models.zip| CAD Models]] - .stp files <!-- [[File:MODEL_WING_STRAIGHT.png|600px|Frame & Straight Modular Wing]] [[File:MODEL_WING_SWEPT.png|600px|Frame & Swept Modular Wing]] [[File:MODEL_PYLON_GAP.png|200px|Gap Pylon]] [[File:MODEL_PYLON_RADIUS.png|200px|Radius Pylon]] --> <gallery> File:MODEL_WING_STRAIGHT.png | Frame & Straight Modular Wing File:MODEL_WING_SWEPT.png| Frame & Swept Modular Wing File:MODEL_PYLON_GAP.png| Gap Pylon File:MODEL_PYLON_RADIUS.png| Radius Pylon </gallery> ''' Community Challenge Objectives: ''' * IMAC 2025: Design and build a nonlinear component, either based on those described above or self-designed, and test it to determine the level and/or type of nonlinear response. * IMAC 2026: Attempt to complete a Dynamic Substructuring process involving the nonlinear components and identify any issues or deficiencies in your current approaches. * IMAC 2027: Formulate methods to address the identified deficiencies and compare across the community to enrich our collective understanding of substructuring with nonlinear subcomponents. For questions or more information, feel free to contact [mailto:bmolden@sandia.gov Ben Moldenhauer] and/or [mailto:drroett@sandia.gov Dan Roettgen]. [[Category:Dynamic Substructure Four Unit Frame]] 35bd93a51a110cc2420d84fbc5e70669311ae320 1018 1017 2024-02-13T17:37:59Z Bmoldenhauer 61 /* Nonlinear Subcomponent Challenge */ wikitext text/x-wiki With the formation of the Dynamic Substructures TD, the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen a new simplified test bed structure - the four unit frame. This structure can be modified to a variety of applications including: aerospace, automotive, and civil uses. == Four Unit Frame == [[File:FrameHmrCompare.jpg|400px|thumb|right|Four Unit Frame]] A subteam on the Dynamic Substructures TD designed this four unit frame after brainstorming some criteria for the structure. '''Key Features:''' *Manufactured from one piece of metal of stock *Subcomponent and shaker attachment points machined into frame *Adaptable to many types of studies *Possible circular/recursive transfer path *Large enough to minimize error due to mass loading More information can be found here: [[coming soon|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:2022 IMAC Recap.pdf|Frame Substructuring Kickoff]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! == Thin & Thick Wing Challenge == To sign up for the challenge, e-mail [mailto:drroett@sandia.gov Dan Roettgen]. At IMAC XLI [2023] and XLII [2024] - we hope to have many universities and research institutions show their ability to perform dynamic substructuring predictions with the four unit frame. Presently there are 9 sets of hardware available so we will rotate those through different groups and continue to manufacture more systems for the next two years. To complete this task: *You will be provided with a frame, thin wing, thick wing, and required fasteners. *Complete a test of the assembly of the Frame and Thin Wing *Use Dynamic Substructuring to add an experimental or numerical model of the Thick Wing *Present results at IMAC in an extended abstract session that will act as an open forum to discuss dynamic substructuring Future years hope to focus on: * Improving Blind Predictions * Damping Challenges ''' Available Information: ''' *Models **[[SEM 4UF Solid Models| Solid Models]] *Experimental Data **[[SEM 4UF Data| Test Data (Geometry & FRFs)]] **[[SEM 4UF Measured Properties| Measured Properties (Mass & Natural Frequencies)]] ''' Results: ''' * [[Sandia 2022 IMAC Four Unit Frame Dynamic Substructuring Results| IMAC 2022 - Four Unit Frame Dynamic Substructuring Results]] * [[:File:IMAC2023_Straight_to_Swept_Wing_Substructuring.pptx| IMAC 2023 - Straight to Swept Wing Substructuring]] * [[:File:IMAC2023_FrameWing_Nonlinear_Substructuring_Wiki.pptx| IMAC 2023 - Thin to Thick Wing with Nonlinearity]] == Nonlinear Subcomponent Challenge == While Dynamic Substructuring has generally been concerned with modeling linear dynamics, assembled structures tend to exhibit some degree of nonlinear behavior - especially those containing bolted joints. In previous demonstrations, Linear Substructuring techniques have been used to successfully combine linear and weakly nonlinear subcomponents. However, further work is needed to investigate how to consistently incorporate more complicated nonlinear behavior into substructuring results to increase the reliability and accuracy of blind predictions. To that end, a set of nonlinear attachments for the Four Unit Frame have been designed by the team at Sandia National Labs. These include: * A variation of the thick wing that has been modified to incorporate a lap joint on each side, allowing for interchangeable straight and swept modular wing tips. * A pylon that attaches to the underside of the modular wing, featuring a contact nonlinearity defined by a smooth radius or sudden gap. These designs were presented at IMAC2024 along with a set of challenges for the community. Below is that presentation, the drawings and models of the nonlinear subcomponents, and the proposed challenges. ''' [[:File:IMAC42 FrameWing Nonlinear Parts Wiki.pptx| IMAC2024 Presentation]] ''' - Contains information on the designs and a preliminary look at dynamic response data of the frame and nonlinear subcomponent assemblies ''' Nonlinear Subcomponent Designs: ''' * [[:File:FW Nonlinear Subcomponents - Drawings.zip| Technical Drawings]] - PDFs * [[:File:FW Nonlinear Subcomponents - CAD Models.zip| CAD Models]] - .stp files <gallery mode="nolines" widths=500px heights=500px> File:MODEL_WING_STRAIGHT.png | Frame & Straight Modular Wing File:MODEL_WING_SWEPT.png | Frame & Swept Modular Wing </gallery> <gallery mode="nolines" widths=500px heights=400px> File:MODEL_PYLON_GAP.png | Gap Pylon File:MODEL_PYLON_RADIUS.png | Radius Pylon </gallery> <!-- [[File:MODEL_WING_STRAIGHT.png|600px|Frame & Straight Modular Wing]] [[File:MODEL_WING_SWEPT.png|600px|Frame & Swept Modular Wing]] [[File:MODEL_PYLON_GAP.png|200px|Gap Pylon]] [[File:MODEL_PYLON_RADIUS.png|200px|Radius Pylon]] <gallery mode="nolines" widths=400px heights=300px> File:MODEL_WING_STRAIGHT.png | Frame & Straight Modular Wing File:MODEL_WING_SWEPT.png | Frame & Swept Modular Wing File:MODEL_PYLON_GAP.png | Gap Pylon File:MODEL_PYLON_RADIUS.png | Radius Pylon </gallery> --> ''' Community Challenge Objectives: ''' * IMAC 2025: Design and build a nonlinear component, either based on those described above or self-designed, and test it to determine the level and/or type of nonlinear response. * IMAC 2026: Attempt to complete a Dynamic Substructuring process involving the nonlinear components and identify any issues or deficiencies in your current approaches. * IMAC 2027: Formulate methods to address the identified deficiencies and compare across the community to enrich our collective understanding of substructuring with nonlinear subcomponents. For questions or more information, feel free to contact [mailto:bmolden@sandia.gov Ben Moldenhauer] and/or [mailto:drroett@sandia.gov Dan Roettgen]. [[Category:Dynamic Substructure Four Unit Frame]] 2067ebe9697a412ef1fecaa0aa5c89a05da28d7c 1019 1018 2024-02-13T17:40:21Z Bmoldenhauer 61 /* Nonlinear Subcomponent Challenge */ wikitext text/x-wiki With the formation of the Dynamic Substructures TD, the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen a new simplified test bed structure - the four unit frame. This structure can be modified to a variety of applications including: aerospace, automotive, and civil uses. == Four Unit Frame == [[File:FrameHmrCompare.jpg|400px|thumb|right|Four Unit Frame]] A subteam on the Dynamic Substructures TD designed this four unit frame after brainstorming some criteria for the structure. '''Key Features:''' *Manufactured from one piece of metal of stock *Subcomponent and shaker attachment points machined into frame *Adaptable to many types of studies *Possible circular/recursive transfer path *Large enough to minimize error due to mass loading More information can be found here: [[coming soon|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:2022 IMAC Recap.pdf|Frame Substructuring Kickoff]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! == Thin & Thick Wing Challenge == To sign up for the challenge, e-mail [mailto:drroett@sandia.gov Dan Roettgen]. At IMAC XLI [2023] and XLII [2024] - we hope to have many universities and research institutions show their ability to perform dynamic substructuring predictions with the four unit frame. Presently there are 9 sets of hardware available so we will rotate those through different groups and continue to manufacture more systems for the next two years. To complete this task: *You will be provided with a frame, thin wing, thick wing, and required fasteners. *Complete a test of the assembly of the Frame and Thin Wing *Use Dynamic Substructuring to add an experimental or numerical model of the Thick Wing *Present results at IMAC in an extended abstract session that will act as an open forum to discuss dynamic substructuring Future years hope to focus on: * Improving Blind Predictions * Damping Challenges ''' Available Information: ''' *Models **[[SEM 4UF Solid Models| Solid Models]] *Experimental Data **[[SEM 4UF Data| Test Data (Geometry & FRFs)]] **[[SEM 4UF Measured Properties| Measured Properties (Mass & Natural Frequencies)]] ''' Results: ''' * [[Sandia 2022 IMAC Four Unit Frame Dynamic Substructuring Results| IMAC 2022 - Four Unit Frame Dynamic Substructuring Results]] * [[:File:IMAC2023_Straight_to_Swept_Wing_Substructuring.pptx| IMAC 2023 - Straight to Swept Wing Substructuring]] * [[:File:IMAC2023_FrameWing_Nonlinear_Substructuring_Wiki.pptx| IMAC 2023 - Thin to Thick Wing with Nonlinearity]] == Nonlinear Subcomponent Challenge == While Dynamic Substructuring has generally been concerned with modeling linear dynamics, assembled structures tend to exhibit some degree of nonlinear behavior - especially those containing bolted joints. In previous demonstrations, Linear Substructuring techniques have been used to successfully combine linear and weakly nonlinear subcomponents. However, further work is needed to investigate how to consistently incorporate more complicated nonlinear behavior into substructuring results to increase the reliability and accuracy of blind predictions. To that end, a set of nonlinear attachments for the Four Unit Frame have been designed by the team at Sandia National Labs. These include: * A variation of the thick wing that has been modified to incorporate a lap joint on each side, allowing for interchangeable straight and swept modular wing tips. * A pylon that attaches to the underside of the modular wing, featuring a contact nonlinearity defined by a smooth radius or sudden gap. These designs were presented at IMAC2024 along with a set of challenges for the community. Below is that presentation, the drawings and models of the nonlinear subcomponents, and the proposed challenges. ''' [[:File:IMAC42 FrameWing Nonlinear Parts Wiki.pptx| IMAC2024 Presentation]] ''' - Contains information on the designs and a preliminary look at dynamic response data of the frame and nonlinear subcomponent assemblies ''' Nonlinear Subcomponent Designs: ''' * [[:File:FW Nonlinear Subcomponents - Drawings.zip| Technical Drawings]] - PDFs * [[:File:FW Nonlinear Subcomponents - CAD Models.zip| CAD Models]] - .stp files <gallery mode="nolines" widths=400px heights=500px> File:MODEL_WING_STRAIGHT.png | Frame & Straight Modular Wing File:MODEL_WING_SWEPT.png | Frame & Swept Modular Wing </gallery> <gallery mode="nolines" widths=400px heights=300px> File:MODEL_PYLON_GAP.png | Gap Pylon File:MODEL_PYLON_RADIUS.png | Radius Pylon </gallery> <!-- [[File:MODEL_WING_STRAIGHT.png|600px|Frame & Straight Modular Wing]] [[File:MODEL_WING_SWEPT.png|600px|Frame & Swept Modular Wing]] [[File:MODEL_PYLON_GAP.png|200px|Gap Pylon]] [[File:MODEL_PYLON_RADIUS.png|200px|Radius Pylon]] <gallery mode="nolines" widths=400px heights=300px> File:MODEL_WING_STRAIGHT.png | Frame & Straight Modular Wing File:MODEL_WING_SWEPT.png | Frame & Swept Modular Wing File:MODEL_PYLON_GAP.png | Gap Pylon File:MODEL_PYLON_RADIUS.png | Radius Pylon </gallery> --> ''' Community Challenge Objectives: ''' * IMAC 2025: Design and build a nonlinear component, either based on those described above or self-designed, and test it to determine the level and/or type of nonlinear response. * IMAC 2026: Attempt to complete a Dynamic Substructuring process involving the nonlinear components and identify any issues or deficiencies in your current approaches. * IMAC 2027: Formulate methods to address the identified deficiencies and compare across the community to enrich our collective understanding of substructuring with nonlinear subcomponents. For questions or more information, feel free to contact [mailto:bmolden@sandia.gov Ben Moldenhauer] and/or [mailto:drroett@sandia.gov Dan Roettgen]. [[Category:Dynamic Substructure Four Unit Frame]] 1a84b47e552048cf5aeb05a1d7a279663ff7e474 1020 1019 2024-02-13T17:43:39Z Bmoldenhauer 61 /* Nonlinear Subcomponent Challenge */ wikitext text/x-wiki With the formation of the Dynamic Substructures TD, the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen a new simplified test bed structure - the four unit frame. This structure can be modified to a variety of applications including: aerospace, automotive, and civil uses. == Four Unit Frame == [[File:FrameHmrCompare.jpg|400px|thumb|right|Four Unit Frame]] A subteam on the Dynamic Substructures TD designed this four unit frame after brainstorming some criteria for the structure. '''Key Features:''' *Manufactured from one piece of metal of stock *Subcomponent and shaker attachment points machined into frame *Adaptable to many types of studies *Possible circular/recursive transfer path *Large enough to minimize error due to mass loading More information can be found here: [[coming soon|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:2022 IMAC Recap.pdf|Frame Substructuring Kickoff]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! == Thin & Thick Wing Challenge == To sign up for the challenge, e-mail [mailto:drroett@sandia.gov Dan Roettgen]. At IMAC XLI [2023] and XLII [2024] - we hope to have many universities and research institutions show their ability to perform dynamic substructuring predictions with the four unit frame. Presently there are 9 sets of hardware available so we will rotate those through different groups and continue to manufacture more systems for the next two years. To complete this task: *You will be provided with a frame, thin wing, thick wing, and required fasteners. *Complete a test of the assembly of the Frame and Thin Wing *Use Dynamic Substructuring to add an experimental or numerical model of the Thick Wing *Present results at IMAC in an extended abstract session that will act as an open forum to discuss dynamic substructuring Future years hope to focus on: * Improving Blind Predictions * Damping Challenges ''' Available Information: ''' *Models **[[SEM 4UF Solid Models| Solid Models]] *Experimental Data **[[SEM 4UF Data| Test Data (Geometry & FRFs)]] **[[SEM 4UF Measured Properties| Measured Properties (Mass & Natural Frequencies)]] ''' Results: ''' * [[Sandia 2022 IMAC Four Unit Frame Dynamic Substructuring Results| IMAC 2022 - Four Unit Frame Dynamic Substructuring Results]] * [[:File:IMAC2023_Straight_to_Swept_Wing_Substructuring.pptx| IMAC 2023 - Straight to Swept Wing Substructuring]] * [[:File:IMAC2023_FrameWing_Nonlinear_Substructuring_Wiki.pptx| IMAC 2023 - Thin to Thick Wing with Nonlinearity]] == Nonlinear Subcomponent Challenge == While Dynamic Substructuring has generally been concerned with modeling linear dynamics, assembled structures tend to exhibit some degree of nonlinear behavior - especially those containing bolted joints. In previous demonstrations, Linear Substructuring techniques have been used to successfully combine linear and weakly nonlinear subcomponents. However, further work is needed to investigate how to consistently incorporate more complicated nonlinear behavior into substructuring results to increase the reliability and accuracy of blind predictions. To that end, a set of nonlinear attachments for the Four Unit Frame have been designed by the team at Sandia National Labs. These include: * A variation of the thick wing that has been modified to incorporate a lap joint on each side, allowing for interchangeable straight and swept modular wing tips. * A pylon that attaches to the underside of the modular wing, featuring a contact nonlinearity defined by a smooth radius or sudden gap. These designs were presented at IMAC2024 along with a set of challenges for the community. Below is that presentation, the drawings and models of the nonlinear subcomponents, and the proposed challenges. ''' [[:File:IMAC42 FrameWing Nonlinear Parts Wiki.pptx| IMAC2024 Presentation]] ''' - Contains information on the designs and a preliminary look at dynamic response data of the frame and nonlinear subcomponent assemblies ''' Nonlinear Subcomponent Designs: ''' * [[:File:FW Nonlinear Subcomponents - Drawings.zip| Technical Drawings]] - PDFs * [[:File:FW Nonlinear Subcomponents - CAD Models.zip| CAD Models]] - .stp files <gallery mode="nolines" widths=400px heights=500px> File:MODEL_WING_STRAIGHT.png | Frame & Straight Modular Wing File:MODEL_WING_SWEPT.png | Frame & Swept Modular Wing </gallery> <gallery mode="nolines" widths=400px heights=300px> File:MODEL_PYLON_GAP.png | Gap Pylon File:MODEL_PYLON_RADIUS.png | Radius Pylon </gallery> ''' Community Challenge Objectives: ''' * IMAC 2025: Design and build a nonlinear component, either based on those described above or self-designed, and test it to determine the level and/or type of nonlinear response. * IMAC 2026: Attempt to complete a Dynamic Substructuring process involving the nonlinear components and identify any issues or deficiencies in your current approaches. * IMAC 2027: Formulate methods to address the identified deficiencies and compare across the community to enrich our collective understanding of substructuring with nonlinear subcomponents. For questions or more information, feel free to contact [mailto:bmolden@sandia.gov Ben Moldenhauer] and/or [mailto:drroett@sandia.gov Dan Roettgen]. [[Category:Dynamic Substructure Four Unit Frame]] cabba5e8ddf79831f83ff6296612b730d1726191 1023 1020 2024-02-13T20:26:56Z Bmoldenhauer 61 /* Nonlinear Subcomponent Challenge */ wikitext text/x-wiki With the formation of the Dynamic Substructures TD, the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen a new simplified test bed structure - the four unit frame. This structure can be modified to a variety of applications including: aerospace, automotive, and civil uses. == Four Unit Frame == [[File:FrameHmrCompare.jpg|400px|thumb|right|Four Unit Frame]] A subteam on the Dynamic Substructures TD designed this four unit frame after brainstorming some criteria for the structure. '''Key Features:''' *Manufactured from one piece of metal of stock *Subcomponent and shaker attachment points machined into frame *Adaptable to many types of studies *Possible circular/recursive transfer path *Large enough to minimize error due to mass loading More information can be found here: [[coming soon|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:2022 IMAC Recap.pdf|Frame Substructuring Kickoff]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! == Thin & Thick Wing Challenge == To sign up for the challenge, e-mail [mailto:drroett@sandia.gov Dan Roettgen]. At IMAC XLI [2023] and XLII [2024] - we hope to have many universities and research institutions show their ability to perform dynamic substructuring predictions with the four unit frame. Presently there are 9 sets of hardware available so we will rotate those through different groups and continue to manufacture more systems for the next two years. To complete this task: *You will be provided with a frame, thin wing, thick wing, and required fasteners. *Complete a test of the assembly of the Frame and Thin Wing *Use Dynamic Substructuring to add an experimental or numerical model of the Thick Wing *Present results at IMAC in an extended abstract session that will act as an open forum to discuss dynamic substructuring Future years hope to focus on: * Improving Blind Predictions * Damping Challenges ''' Available Information: ''' *Models **[[SEM 4UF Solid Models| Solid Models]] *Experimental Data **[[SEM 4UF Data| Test Data (Geometry & FRFs)]] **[[SEM 4UF Measured Properties| Measured Properties (Mass & Natural Frequencies)]] ''' Results: ''' * [[Sandia 2022 IMAC Four Unit Frame Dynamic Substructuring Results| IMAC 2022 - Four Unit Frame Dynamic Substructuring Results]] * [[:File:IMAC2023_Straight_to_Swept_Wing_Substructuring.pptx| IMAC 2023 - Straight to Swept Wing Substructuring]] * [[:File:IMAC2023_FrameWing_Nonlinear_Substructuring_Wiki.pptx| IMAC 2023 - Thin to Thick Wing with Nonlinearity]] == Nonlinear Subcomponent Challenge == While Dynamic Substructuring has generally been concerned with modeling linear dynamics, assembled structures tend to exhibit some degree of nonlinear behavior - especially those containing bolted joints. In previous demonstrations, Linear Substructuring techniques have been used to successfully combine linear and weakly nonlinear subcomponents. However, further work is needed to investigate how to consistently incorporate more complicated nonlinear behavior into substructuring results to increase the reliability and accuracy of blind predictions. To that end, a set of nonlinear attachments for the Four Unit Frame have been designed by the team at Sandia National Labs. These include: * A variation of the thick wing that has been modified to incorporate a lap joint on each side, allowing for interchangeable straight and swept modular wing tips. * A pylon that attaches to the underside of the modular wing, featuring a contact nonlinearity defined by a smooth radius or sudden gap. These designs were presented at IMAC2024 along with a set of challenges for the community. Below is that presentation, the drawings and models of the nonlinear subcomponents, and the proposed challenges. ''' [[:File:IMAC42 FrameWing Nonlinear Parts Wiki.pptx| IMAC2024 Presentation]] ''' - Contains information on the designs and a preliminary look at dynamic response data of the frame and nonlinear subcomponent assemblies ''' Nonlinear Subcomponent Designs: ''' * [[:File:FW Nonlinear Subcomponents - Drawings.zip| Technical Drawings]] - PDFs * [[:File:FW Nonlinear Subcomponents - CAD Models.zip| CAD Models]] - .stp files <gallery mode="nolines" widths=400px heights=500px> File:MODEL_WING_STRAIGHT.png | Frame & Straight Modular Wing File:MODEL_WING_SWEPT.png | Frame & Swept Modular Wing </gallery> <gallery mode="nolines" widths=400px heights=300px> File:MODEL_PYLON_GAP.png | Gap Pylon File:MODEL_PYLON_RADIUS.png | Radius Pylon </gallery> ''' Community Challenge Objectives: ''' * IMAC 2025: Design and build a nonlinear component, either based on those described above or self-designed, and test it to determine the level and/or type of nonlinear response. * IMAC 2026: Attempt to complete a Dynamic Substructuring process involving the nonlinear components and identify any issues or deficiencies in your current approaches. * IMAC 2027: Formulate methods to address the identified deficiencies and compare across the community to enrich our collective understanding of substructuring with nonlinear subcomponents. For questions or more information, feel free to contact [mailto:bmolden@sandia.gov Ben Moldenhauer] and/or [mailto:drroett@sandia.gov Dan Roettgen]. [[Category:Dynamic Substructure Four Unit Frame]] f0b6ac119841491698adc8d39a0a80d037f5ed26 1048 1023 2024-03-12T21:41:46Z Bmoldenhauer 61 wikitext text/x-wiki With the formation of the Dynamic Substructures TD, the dynamic substructuring focus group has chosen a new simplified test bed structure - the four unit frame. This structure can be modified to a variety of applications including: aerospace, automotive, and civil uses. == Four Unit Frame == <!--[[File:FrameHmrCompare.jpg|400px|thumb|right|Four Unit Frame]]--> [[File:FrameHmrCompare.jpg|400px|Four Unit Frame]] A subteam on the Dynamic Substructures TD designed this four unit frame after brainstorming some criteria for the structure. '''Key Features:''' *Manufactured from one piece of metal of stock *Subcomponent and shaker attachment points machined into frame *Adaptable to many types of studies *Possible circular/recursive transfer path *Large enough to minimize error due to mass loading More information can be found here: [[coming soon|Testbed Assembly Instructions]], [[:File:2022 IMAC Recap.pdf|Frame Substructuring Kickoff]] Lots of test bed information already exists on the wiki. If you would like to add more please contact the wiki manager to get set-up with an account! == Thin & Thick Wing Challenge == To sign up for the challenge, e-mail [mailto:drroett@sandia.gov Dan Roettgen]. At IMAC XLI [2023] and XLII [2024] - we hope to have many universities and research institutions show their ability to perform dynamic substructuring predictions with the four unit frame. Presently there are 9 sets of hardware available so we will rotate those through different groups and continue to manufacture more systems for the next two years. To complete this task: *You will be provided with a frame, thin wing, thick wing, and required fasteners. *Complete a test of the assembly of the Frame and Thin Wing *Use Dynamic Substructuring to add an experimental or numerical model of the Thick Wing *Present results at IMAC in an extended abstract session that will act as an open forum to discuss dynamic substructuring Future years hope to focus on: * Improving Blind Predictions * Damping Challenges ''' Available Information: ''' *Models **[[SEM 4UF Solid Models| Solid Models]] *Experimental Data **[[SEM 4UF Data| Test Data (Geometry & FRFs)]] **[[SEM 4UF Measured Properties| Measured Properties (Mass & Natural Frequencies)]] ''' Results: ''' * [[Sandia 2022 IMAC Four Unit Frame Dynamic Substructuring Results| IMAC 2022 - Four Unit Frame Dynamic Substructuring Results]] * [[:File:IMAC2023_Straight_to_Swept_Wing_Substructuring.pptx| IMAC 2023 - Straight to Swept Wing Substructuring]] * [[:File:IMAC2023_FrameWing_Nonlinear_Substructuring_Wiki.pptx| IMAC 2023 - Thin to Thick Wing with Nonlinearity]] == Nonlinear Subcomponent Challenge == While Dynamic Substructuring has generally been concerned with modeling linear dynamics, assembled structures tend to exhibit some degree of nonlinear behavior - especially those containing bolted joints. In previous demonstrations, Linear Substructuring techniques have been used to successfully combine linear and weakly nonlinear subcomponents. However, further work is needed to investigate how to consistently incorporate more complicated nonlinear behavior into substructuring results to increase the reliability and accuracy of blind predictions. To that end, a set of nonlinear attachments for the Four Unit Frame have been designed by the team at Sandia National Labs. These include: * A variation of the thick wing that has been modified to incorporate a lap joint on each side, allowing for interchangeable straight and swept modular wing tips. * A pylon that attaches to the underside of the modular wing, featuring a contact nonlinearity defined by a smooth radius or sudden gap. These designs were presented at IMAC2024 along with a set of challenges for the community. Below is that presentation, the drawings and models of the nonlinear subcomponents, and the proposed challenges. ''' [[:File:IMAC42 FrameWing Nonlinear Parts Wiki.pptx| IMAC2024 Presentation]] ''' - Contains information on the designs and a preliminary look at dynamic response data of the frame and nonlinear subcomponent assemblies ''' Nonlinear Subcomponent Designs: ''' * [[:File:FW Nonlinear Subcomponents - Drawings.zip| Technical Drawings]] - PDFs * [[:File:FW Nonlinear Subcomponents - CAD Models.zip| CAD Models]] - .stp files <gallery mode="nolines" widths=400px heights=500px> File:MODEL_WING_STRAIGHT.png | Frame & Straight Modular Wing File:MODEL_WING_SWEPT.png | Frame & Swept Modular Wing </gallery> <gallery mode="nolines" widths=400px heights=300px> File:MODEL_PYLON_GAP.png | Gap Pylon File:MODEL_PYLON_RADIUS.png | Radius Pylon </gallery> ''' Community Challenge Objectives: ''' * IMAC 2025: Design and build a nonlinear component, either based on those described above or self-designed, and test it to determine the level and/or type of nonlinear response. * IMAC 2026: Attempt to complete a Dynamic Substructuring process involving the nonlinear components and identify any issues or deficiencies in your current approaches. * IMAC 2027: Formulate methods to address the identified deficiencies and compare across the community to enrich our collective understanding of substructuring with nonlinear subcomponents. For questions or more information, feel free to contact [mailto:bmolden@sandia.gov Ben Moldenhauer] and/or [mailto:drroett@sandia.gov Dan Roettgen]. [[Category:Dynamic Substructure Four Unit Frame]] ba46c0957a00c415c29e3e3b06545c65528e61e6 0 333 1021 1012 2024-02-13T17:47:55Z Bmoldenhauer 61 wikitext text/x-wiki Modal frequency and weight measurements taken by Sandia National Laboratories for the Dynamic Substructuring Four Unit frames, thin wings, and thick wings. == Weights == Weights measured by Sandia National Laboratories. [[File:Frames.jpg|500px|Four Unit Frames]] [[File:Wings.jpg|500px|Wings]] '''Four Unit Frames and Wings - 1st Manufacturing Run (No Data for SN006-SN009)''' {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Frame !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | SN001 || 626.4 || 1.381 |- | SN002 || 624.1 || 1.376 |- | SN003 || 625.5 || 1.379 |- | SN004 || 622.3 || 1.372 |- | SN005 || 621.9 || 1.371 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thin Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING001A || 523.7 || 1.1545 |- | WING002A || 526.8 || 1.1615 |- | WING003A || 522.5 || 1.1520 |- | WING004A || 528.2 || 1.1645 |- | WING005A || 526.8 || 1.1615 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thick Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING001B || 1129.7 || 2.4905 |- | WING002B || 1125.1 || 2.4805 |- | WING003B || 1133.1 || 2.4980 |- | WING004B || 1132.8 || 2.4975 |- | WING005B || 1131.5 || 2.4945 |- |} '''Four Unit Frames and Wings - 2nd Manufacturing Run''' {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Frame !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | SN010 || 628.6 || 1.3858 |- | SN011 || 629.5 || 1.3878 |- | SN012 || 628.8 || 1.3863 |- | SN013 || 629.7 || 1.3883 |- | SN014 || 627.8 || 1.3841 |- | SN015 || 629.5 || 1.3878 |- | SN016 || 635.8 || 1.4017 |- | SN017 || 629.7 || 1.3883 |- | SN018 || 625.5 || 1.3790 |- | SN019 || 628.4 || 1.3854 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thin Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING010A || 527.4 || 1.1627 |- | WING011A || 528.0 || 1.1640 |- | WING012A || 528.0 || 1.1640 |- | WING013A || 527.7 || 1.1634 |- | WING014A || 528.1 || 1.1643 |- | WING015A || 527.5 || 1.1629 |- | WING016A || 528.4 || 1.1649 |- | WING017A || 528.7 || 1.1656 |- | WING018A || 527.7 || 1.1634 |- | WING019A || 527.3 || 1.1625 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thick Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING010B || 1091.6 || 2.4066 |- | WING011B || 1094.1 || 2.4121 |- | WING012B || 1082.5 || 2.3865 |- | WING013B || 1083.7 || 2.3892 |- | WING014B || 1089.3 || 2.4015 |- | WING015B || 1091.8 || 2.4070 |- | WING016B || 1093.8 || 2.4114 |- | WING017B || 1090.1 || 2.4033 |- | WING018B || 1094.0 || 2.4119 |- | WING019B || 1093.4 || 2.4105 |- |} ==Modal Frequencies== Modal frequencies from LDV testing {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Four Unit Frames Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Modal Index !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 |- | SN001 || 246.25 || 301.41 || 656.09 || 677.50 || 728.59 || 766.65 || 1171.25 || 1204.84 || 1260.16 |- | SN002 || 237.81 || 294.52 || 632.50 || 659.38 || 719.69 || 755.63 || 1132.81 || 1167.81 || 1247.19 |- | SN003 || 234.18 || 291.71 || 624.38 || 652.81 || 715.31 || 751.99 || 1118.75 || 1155.31 || 1241.27 |- | SN004 || 234.18 || 291.42 || 627.50 || 655.31 || 719.69 || 754.06 || 1122.81 || 1160.00 || 1249.38 |- | SN005 || 239.69 || 294.23 || 630.63 || 657.50 || 720.31 || 756.56 || 1128.50 || 1164.06 || 1249.38 |- |} <!-- {| class="wikitable" |+ Four Unit Frames Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Modal Index !! SN001 !! SN002 !! SN003 !! SN004 !! SN005 |- | 1 || 246.25 || 237.81 || 234.18 || 234.18 || 239.69 |- | 2 || 301.41 || 294.52 || 291.71 || 291.42 || 294.23 |- | 3 || 656.09 || 632.50 || 624.38 || 627.5 || 630.63 |- | 4 || 677.50 || 659.38 || 652.81 || 655.31 || 657.50 |- | 5 || 728.59 || 719.69 || 715.31 || 719.69 || 720.31 |- | 6 || 766.65 || 755.63 || 751.99 || 754.06 || 756.56 |- | 7 || 1171.25 || 1132.81 || 1118.75 || 1122.81 || 1128.5 |- | 8 || 1204.84 || 1167.81 || 1155.31 || 1160.00 || 1164.06 |- | 9 || 1260.16 || 1247.19 || 1241.27 || 1249.38 || 1249.38 |- |} --> d0ed5a6aecb701adf0f7d70e5101729b1810f2f7 1022 1021 2024-02-13T17:54:48Z Bmoldenhauer 61 /* Modal Frequencies */ wikitext text/x-wiki Modal frequency and weight measurements taken by Sandia National Laboratories for the Dynamic Substructuring Four Unit frames, thin wings, and thick wings. == Weights == Weights measured by Sandia National Laboratories. [[File:Frames.jpg|500px|Four Unit Frames]] [[File:Wings.jpg|500px|Wings]] '''Four Unit Frames and Wings - 1st Manufacturing Run (No Data for SN006-SN009)''' {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Frame !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | SN001 || 626.4 || 1.381 |- | SN002 || 624.1 || 1.376 |- | SN003 || 625.5 || 1.379 |- | SN004 || 622.3 || 1.372 |- | SN005 || 621.9 || 1.371 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thin Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING001A || 523.7 || 1.1545 |- | WING002A || 526.8 || 1.1615 |- | WING003A || 522.5 || 1.1520 |- | WING004A || 528.2 || 1.1645 |- | WING005A || 526.8 || 1.1615 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thick Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING001B || 1129.7 || 2.4905 |- | WING002B || 1125.1 || 2.4805 |- | WING003B || 1133.1 || 2.4980 |- | WING004B || 1132.8 || 2.4975 |- | WING005B || 1131.5 || 2.4945 |- |} '''Four Unit Frames and Wings - 2nd Manufacturing Run''' {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Frame !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | SN010 || 628.6 || 1.3858 |- | SN011 || 629.5 || 1.3878 |- | SN012 || 628.8 || 1.3863 |- | SN013 || 629.7 || 1.3883 |- | SN014 || 627.8 || 1.3841 |- | SN015 || 629.5 || 1.3878 |- | SN016 || 635.8 || 1.4017 |- | SN017 || 629.7 || 1.3883 |- | SN018 || 625.5 || 1.3790 |- | SN019 || 628.4 || 1.3854 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thin Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING010A || 527.4 || 1.1627 |- | WING011A || 528.0 || 1.1640 |- | WING012A || 528.0 || 1.1640 |- | WING013A || 527.7 || 1.1634 |- | WING014A || 528.1 || 1.1643 |- | WING015A || 527.5 || 1.1629 |- | WING016A || 528.4 || 1.1649 |- | WING017A || 528.7 || 1.1656 |- | WING018A || 527.7 || 1.1634 |- | WING019A || 527.3 || 1.1625 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thick Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING010B || 1091.6 || 2.4066 |- | WING011B || 1094.1 || 2.4121 |- | WING012B || 1082.5 || 2.3865 |- | WING013B || 1083.7 || 2.3892 |- | WING014B || 1089.3 || 2.4015 |- | WING015B || 1091.8 || 2.4070 |- | WING016B || 1093.8 || 2.4114 |- | WING017B || 1090.1 || 2.4033 |- | WING018B || 1094.0 || 2.4119 |- | WING019B || 1093.4 || 2.4105 |- |} ==Modal Frequencies== Frame Natural frequencies from LDV testing {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Four Unit Frame - Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Modal Index !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 |- | SN001 || 246.25 || 301.41 || 656.09 || 677.50 || 728.59 || 766.65 || 1171.25 || 1204.84 || 1260.16 |- | SN002 || 237.81 || 294.52 || 632.50 || 659.38 || 719.69 || 755.63 || 1132.81 || 1167.81 || 1247.19 |- | SN003 || 234.18 || 291.71 || 624.38 || 652.81 || 715.31 || 751.99 || 1118.75 || 1155.31 || 1241.27 |- | SN004 || 234.18 || 291.42 || 627.50 || 655.31 || 719.69 || 754.06 || 1122.81 || 1160.00 || 1249.38 |- | SN005 || 239.69 || 294.23 || 630.63 || 657.50 || 720.31 || 756.56 || 1128.50 || 1164.06 || 1249.38 |- |} <!-- {| class="wikitable" |+ Four Unit Frames Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Modal Index !! SN001 !! SN002 !! SN003 !! SN004 !! SN005 |- | 1 || 246.25 || 237.81 || 234.18 || 234.18 || 239.69 |- | 2 || 301.41 || 294.52 || 291.71 || 291.42 || 294.23 |- | 3 || 656.09 || 632.50 || 624.38 || 627.5 || 630.63 |- | 4 || 677.50 || 659.38 || 652.81 || 655.31 || 657.50 |- | 5 || 728.59 || 719.69 || 715.31 || 719.69 || 720.31 |- | 6 || 766.65 || 755.63 || 751.99 || 754.06 || 756.56 |- | 7 || 1171.25 || 1132.81 || 1118.75 || 1122.81 || 1128.5 |- | 8 || 1204.84 || 1167.81 || 1155.31 || 1160.00 || 1164.06 |- | 9 || 1260.16 || 1247.19 || 1241.27 || 1249.38 || 1249.38 |- |} --> 62c56f7761b095e5e480c2cfa4becf0a39e832c8 1029 1022 2024-02-19T19:12:36Z Bmoldenhauer 61 /* Weights */ wikitext text/x-wiki Modal frequency and weight measurements taken by Sandia National Laboratories for the Dynamic Substructuring Four Unit frames, thin wings, and thick wings. == Weights == Weights measured by Sandia National Laboratories. [[File:Frames.jpg|500px|Four Unit Frames]] [[File:Wings.jpg|500px|Wings]] '''Four Unit Frames and Wings - 1st Manufacturing Run (Only Partial Data for #6-#9)''' {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Frame !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | SN001 || 626.4 || 1.381 |- | SN002 || 624.1 || 1.376 |- | SN003 || 625.5 || 1.379 |- | SN004 || 622.3 || 1.372 |- | SN005 || 621.9 || 1.371 |- | SN006 || - || - |- | SN007 || - || - |- | SN008 || - || - |- | SN009 || - || - |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thin Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING001A || 523.7 || 1.1545 |- | WING002A || 526.8 || 1.1615 |- | WING003A || 522.5 || 1.1520 |- | WING004A || 528.2 || 1.1645 |- | WING005A || 526.8 || 1.1615 |- | WING006A || 525.4 || 1.1585 |- | WING007A || 530.3 || 1.1690 |- | WING008A || - || - |- | WING009A || - || - |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thick Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING001B || 1129.7 || 2.4905 |- | WING002B || 1125.1 || 2.4805 |- | WING003B || 1133.1 || 2.4980 |- | WING004B || 1132.8 || 2.4975 |- | WING005B || 1131.5 || 2.4945 |- | WING006B || - || - |- | WING007B || 1091.8 || 2.4070 |- | WING008B || - || - |- | WING009B || - || - |- |} '''Four Unit Frames and Wings - 2nd Manufacturing Run''' {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Frame !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | SN010 || 628.6 || 1.3858 |- | SN011 || 629.5 || 1.3878 |- | SN012 || 628.8 || 1.3863 |- | SN013 || 629.7 || 1.3883 |- | SN014 || 627.8 || 1.3841 |- | SN015 || 629.5 || 1.3878 |- | SN016 || 635.8 || 1.4017 |- | SN017 || 629.7 || 1.3883 |- | SN018 || 625.5 || 1.3790 |- | SN019 || 628.4 || 1.3854 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thin Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING010A || 527.4 || 1.1627 |- | WING011A || 528.0 || 1.1640 |- | WING012A || 528.0 || 1.1640 |- | WING013A || 527.7 || 1.1634 |- | WING014A || 528.1 || 1.1643 |- | WING015A || 527.5 || 1.1629 |- | WING016A || 528.4 || 1.1649 |- | WING017A || 528.7 || 1.1656 |- | WING018A || 527.7 || 1.1634 |- | WING019A || 527.3 || 1.1625 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thick Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING010B || 1091.6 || 2.4066 |- | WING011B || 1094.1 || 2.4121 |- | WING012B || 1082.5 || 2.3865 |- | WING013B || 1083.7 || 2.3892 |- | WING014B || 1089.3 || 2.4015 |- | WING015B || 1091.8 || 2.4070 |- | WING016B || 1093.8 || 2.4114 |- | WING017B || 1090.1 || 2.4033 |- | WING018B || 1094.0 || 2.4119 |- | WING019B || 1093.4 || 2.4105 |- |} ==Modal Frequencies== Frame Natural frequencies from LDV testing {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Four Unit Frame - Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Modal Index !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 |- | SN001 || 246.25 || 301.41 || 656.09 || 677.50 || 728.59 || 766.65 || 1171.25 || 1204.84 || 1260.16 |- | SN002 || 237.81 || 294.52 || 632.50 || 659.38 || 719.69 || 755.63 || 1132.81 || 1167.81 || 1247.19 |- | SN003 || 234.18 || 291.71 || 624.38 || 652.81 || 715.31 || 751.99 || 1118.75 || 1155.31 || 1241.27 |- | SN004 || 234.18 || 291.42 || 627.50 || 655.31 || 719.69 || 754.06 || 1122.81 || 1160.00 || 1249.38 |- | SN005 || 239.69 || 294.23 || 630.63 || 657.50 || 720.31 || 756.56 || 1128.50 || 1164.06 || 1249.38 |- |} <!-- {| class="wikitable" |+ Four Unit Frames Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Modal Index !! SN001 !! SN002 !! SN003 !! SN004 !! SN005 |- | 1 || 246.25 || 237.81 || 234.18 || 234.18 || 239.69 |- | 2 || 301.41 || 294.52 || 291.71 || 291.42 || 294.23 |- | 3 || 656.09 || 632.50 || 624.38 || 627.5 || 630.63 |- | 4 || 677.50 || 659.38 || 652.81 || 655.31 || 657.50 |- | 5 || 728.59 || 719.69 || 715.31 || 719.69 || 720.31 |- | 6 || 766.65 || 755.63 || 751.99 || 754.06 || 756.56 |- | 7 || 1171.25 || 1132.81 || 1118.75 || 1122.81 || 1128.5 |- | 8 || 1204.84 || 1167.81 || 1155.31 || 1160.00 || 1164.06 |- | 9 || 1260.16 || 1247.19 || 1241.27 || 1249.38 || 1249.38 |- |} --> 38e8b962be4ae564815ea5e3626817f91db361c7 1030 1029 2024-02-19T19:20:31Z Bmoldenhauer 61 /* Modal Frequencies */ wikitext text/x-wiki Modal frequency and weight measurements taken by Sandia National Laboratories for the Dynamic Substructuring Four Unit frames, thin wings, and thick wings. == Weights == Weights measured by Sandia National Laboratories. [[File:Frames.jpg|500px|Four Unit Frames]] [[File:Wings.jpg|500px|Wings]] '''Four Unit Frames and Wings - 1st Manufacturing Run (Only Partial Data for #6-#9)''' {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Frame !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | SN001 || 626.4 || 1.381 |- | SN002 || 624.1 || 1.376 |- | SN003 || 625.5 || 1.379 |- | SN004 || 622.3 || 1.372 |- | SN005 || 621.9 || 1.371 |- | SN006 || - || - |- | SN007 || - || - |- | SN008 || - || - |- | SN009 || - || - |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thin Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING001A || 523.7 || 1.1545 |- | WING002A || 526.8 || 1.1615 |- | WING003A || 522.5 || 1.1520 |- | WING004A || 528.2 || 1.1645 |- | WING005A || 526.8 || 1.1615 |- | WING006A || 525.4 || 1.1585 |- | WING007A || 530.3 || 1.1690 |- | WING008A || - || - |- | WING009A || - || - |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thick Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING001B || 1129.7 || 2.4905 |- | WING002B || 1125.1 || 2.4805 |- | WING003B || 1133.1 || 2.4980 |- | WING004B || 1132.8 || 2.4975 |- | WING005B || 1131.5 || 2.4945 |- | WING006B || - || - |- | WING007B || 1091.8 || 2.4070 |- | WING008B || - || - |- | WING009B || - || - |- |} '''Four Unit Frames and Wings - 2nd Manufacturing Run''' {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Frame !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | SN010 || 628.6 || 1.3858 |- | SN011 || 629.5 || 1.3878 |- | SN012 || 628.8 || 1.3863 |- | SN013 || 629.7 || 1.3883 |- | SN014 || 627.8 || 1.3841 |- | SN015 || 629.5 || 1.3878 |- | SN016 || 635.8 || 1.4017 |- | SN017 || 629.7 || 1.3883 |- | SN018 || 625.5 || 1.3790 |- | SN019 || 628.4 || 1.3854 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thin Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING010A || 527.4 || 1.1627 |- | WING011A || 528.0 || 1.1640 |- | WING012A || 528.0 || 1.1640 |- | WING013A || 527.7 || 1.1634 |- | WING014A || 528.1 || 1.1643 |- | WING015A || 527.5 || 1.1629 |- | WING016A || 528.4 || 1.1649 |- | WING017A || 528.7 || 1.1656 |- | WING018A || 527.7 || 1.1634 |- | WING019A || 527.3 || 1.1625 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thick Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING010B || 1091.6 || 2.4066 |- | WING011B || 1094.1 || 2.4121 |- | WING012B || 1082.5 || 2.3865 |- | WING013B || 1083.7 || 2.3892 |- | WING014B || 1089.3 || 2.4015 |- | WING015B || 1091.8 || 2.4070 |- | WING016B || 1093.8 || 2.4114 |- | WING017B || 1090.1 || 2.4033 |- | WING018B || 1094.0 || 2.4119 |- | WING019B || 1093.4 || 2.4105 |- |} ==Modal Frequencies== Frame Natural frequencies from LDV testing {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Four Unit Frame - Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Frame !! Mode 1 !! Mode 2 !! Mode 3 !! Mode 4 !! Mode 5 !! Mode 6 !! Mode 7 !! Mode 8 !! Mode 9 |- | SN001 || 246.25 || 301.41 || 656.09 || 677.50 || 728.59 || 766.65 || 1171.25 || 1204.84 || 1260.16 |- | SN002 || 237.81 || 294.52 || 632.50 || 659.38 || 719.69 || 755.63 || 1132.81 || 1167.81 || 1247.19 |- | SN003 || 234.18 || 291.71 || 624.38 || 652.81 || 715.31 || 751.99 || 1118.75 || 1155.31 || 1241.27 |- | SN004 || 234.18 || 291.42 || 627.50 || 655.31 || 719.69 || 754.06 || 1122.81 || 1160.00 || 1249.38 |- | SN005 || 239.69 || 294.23 || 630.63 || 657.50 || 720.31 || 756.56 || 1128.50 || 1164.06 || 1249.38 |- |} <!-- {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Four Unit Frame - Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Modal Index !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 |- | SN001 || 246.25 || 301.41 || 656.09 || 677.50 || 728.59 || 766.65 || 1171.25 || 1204.84 || 1260.16 |- | SN002 || 237.81 || 294.52 || 632.50 || 659.38 || 719.69 || 755.63 || 1132.81 || 1167.81 || 1247.19 |- | SN003 || 234.18 || 291.71 || 624.38 || 652.81 || 715.31 || 751.99 || 1118.75 || 1155.31 || 1241.27 |- | SN004 || 234.18 || 291.42 || 627.50 || 655.31 || 719.69 || 754.06 || 1122.81 || 1160.00 || 1249.38 |- | SN005 || 239.69 || 294.23 || 630.63 || 657.50 || 720.31 || 756.56 || 1128.50 || 1164.06 || 1249.38 |- |} {| class="wikitable" |+ Four Unit Frames Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Modal Index !! SN001 !! SN002 !! SN003 !! SN004 !! SN005 |- | 1 || 246.25 || 237.81 || 234.18 || 234.18 || 239.69 |- | 2 || 301.41 || 294.52 || 291.71 || 291.42 || 294.23 |- | 3 || 656.09 || 632.50 || 624.38 || 627.5 || 630.63 |- | 4 || 677.50 || 659.38 || 652.81 || 655.31 || 657.50 |- | 5 || 728.59 || 719.69 || 715.31 || 719.69 || 720.31 |- | 6 || 766.65 || 755.63 || 751.99 || 754.06 || 756.56 |- | 7 || 1171.25 || 1132.81 || 1118.75 || 1122.81 || 1128.5 |- | 8 || 1204.84 || 1167.81 || 1155.31 || 1160.00 || 1164.06 |- | 9 || 1260.16 || 1247.19 || 1241.27 || 1249.38 || 1249.38 |- |} --> 8792573d460854ea8c514fffc02286623645b669 1031 1030 2024-02-19T22:54:45Z Bmoldenhauer 61 /* Weights */ wikitext text/x-wiki Modal frequency and weight measurements taken by Sandia National Laboratories for the Dynamic Substructuring Four Unit frames, thin wings, and thick wings. == Weights == Weights measured by Sandia National Laboratories. [[File:Frames.jpg|500px|Four Unit Frames]] [[File:Wings.jpg|500px|Wings]] '''Four Unit Frames and Wings - 1st Manufacturing Run (Only Partial Data for #6-#9)''' {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Frame !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | SN001 || 626.4 || 1.381 |- | SN002 || 624.1 || 1.376 |- | SN003 || 625.5 || 1.379 |- | SN004 || 622.3 || 1.372 |- | SN005 || 621.9 || 1.371 |- | SN006 || - || - |- | SN007 || - || - |- | SN008 || - || - |- | SN009 || - || - |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thin Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING001A || 523.7 || 1.1545 |- | WING002A || 526.8 || 1.1615 |- | WING003A || 522.5 || 1.1520 |- | WING004A || 528.2 || 1.1645 |- | WING005A || 526.8 || 1.1615 |- | WING006A || 525.4 || 1.1585 |- | WING007A || 530.3 || 1.1690 |- | WING008A || - || - |- | WING009A || - || - |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thick Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING001B || 1129.7 || 2.4905 |- | WING002B || 1125.1 || 2.4805 |- | WING003B || 1133.1 || 2.4980 |- | WING004B || 1132.8 || 2.4975 |- | WING005B || 1131.5 || 2.4945 |- | WING006B || 1134.2 || 2.5005 |- | WING007B || 1091.8 || 2.4070 |- | WING008B || - || - |- | WING009B || - || - |- |} '''Four Unit Frames and Wings - 2nd Manufacturing Run''' {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Frame !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | SN010 || 628.6 || 1.3858 |- | SN011 || 629.5 || 1.3878 |- | SN012 || 628.8 || 1.3863 |- | SN013 || 629.7 || 1.3883 |- | SN014 || 627.8 || 1.3841 |- | SN015 || 629.5 || 1.3878 |- | SN016 || 635.8 || 1.4017 |- | SN017 || 629.7 || 1.3883 |- | SN018 || 625.5 || 1.3790 |- | SN019 || 628.4 || 1.3854 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thin Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING010A || 527.4 || 1.1627 |- | WING011A || 528.0 || 1.1640 |- | WING012A || 528.0 || 1.1640 |- | WING013A || 527.7 || 1.1634 |- | WING014A || 528.1 || 1.1643 |- | WING015A || 527.5 || 1.1629 |- | WING016A || 528.4 || 1.1649 |- | WING017A || 528.7 || 1.1656 |- | WING018A || 527.7 || 1.1634 |- | WING019A || 527.3 || 1.1625 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thick Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING010B || 1091.6 || 2.4066 |- | WING011B || 1094.1 || 2.4121 |- | WING012B || 1082.5 || 2.3865 |- | WING013B || 1083.7 || 2.3892 |- | WING014B || 1089.3 || 2.4015 |- | WING015B || 1091.8 || 2.4070 |- | WING016B || 1093.8 || 2.4114 |- | WING017B || 1090.1 || 2.4033 |- | WING018B || 1094.0 || 2.4119 |- | WING019B || 1093.4 || 2.4105 |- |} ==Modal Frequencies== Frame Natural frequencies from LDV testing {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Four Unit Frame - Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Frame !! Mode 1 !! Mode 2 !! Mode 3 !! Mode 4 !! Mode 5 !! Mode 6 !! Mode 7 !! Mode 8 !! Mode 9 |- | SN001 || 246.25 || 301.41 || 656.09 || 677.50 || 728.59 || 766.65 || 1171.25 || 1204.84 || 1260.16 |- | SN002 || 237.81 || 294.52 || 632.50 || 659.38 || 719.69 || 755.63 || 1132.81 || 1167.81 || 1247.19 |- | SN003 || 234.18 || 291.71 || 624.38 || 652.81 || 715.31 || 751.99 || 1118.75 || 1155.31 || 1241.27 |- | SN004 || 234.18 || 291.42 || 627.50 || 655.31 || 719.69 || 754.06 || 1122.81 || 1160.00 || 1249.38 |- | SN005 || 239.69 || 294.23 || 630.63 || 657.50 || 720.31 || 756.56 || 1128.50 || 1164.06 || 1249.38 |- |} <!-- {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Four Unit Frame - Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Modal Index !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 |- | SN001 || 246.25 || 301.41 || 656.09 || 677.50 || 728.59 || 766.65 || 1171.25 || 1204.84 || 1260.16 |- | SN002 || 237.81 || 294.52 || 632.50 || 659.38 || 719.69 || 755.63 || 1132.81 || 1167.81 || 1247.19 |- | SN003 || 234.18 || 291.71 || 624.38 || 652.81 || 715.31 || 751.99 || 1118.75 || 1155.31 || 1241.27 |- | SN004 || 234.18 || 291.42 || 627.50 || 655.31 || 719.69 || 754.06 || 1122.81 || 1160.00 || 1249.38 |- | SN005 || 239.69 || 294.23 || 630.63 || 657.50 || 720.31 || 756.56 || 1128.50 || 1164.06 || 1249.38 |- |} {| class="wikitable" |+ Four Unit Frames Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Modal Index !! SN001 !! SN002 !! SN003 !! SN004 !! SN005 |- | 1 || 246.25 || 237.81 || 234.18 || 234.18 || 239.69 |- | 2 || 301.41 || 294.52 || 291.71 || 291.42 || 294.23 |- | 3 || 656.09 || 632.50 || 624.38 || 627.5 || 630.63 |- | 4 || 677.50 || 659.38 || 652.81 || 655.31 || 657.50 |- | 5 || 728.59 || 719.69 || 715.31 || 719.69 || 720.31 |- | 6 || 766.65 || 755.63 || 751.99 || 754.06 || 756.56 |- | 7 || 1171.25 || 1132.81 || 1118.75 || 1122.81 || 1128.5 |- | 8 || 1204.84 || 1167.81 || 1155.31 || 1160.00 || 1164.06 |- | 9 || 1260.16 || 1247.19 || 1241.27 || 1249.38 || 1249.38 |- |} --> c28de0c5733e183a1577264192305b212fd179cb 1039 1031 2024-02-21T00:20:37Z Bmoldenhauer 61 wikitext text/x-wiki Modal frequency and weight measurements taken by Sandia National Laboratories for the Dynamic Substructuring Four Unit frames, thin wings, and thick wings. == Weights == Weights measured by Sandia National Laboratories. [[File:Frames.jpg|500px|Four Unit Frames]] [[File:Wings.jpg|500px|Wings]] '''Four Unit Frames and Wings - 1st Manufacturing Run (There is not a Frame SN006)''' {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Frame !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | SN001 || 626.4 || 1.381 |- | SN002 || 624.1 || 1.376 |- | SN003 || 625.5 || 1.379 |- | SN004 || 622.3 || 1.372 |- | SN005 || 621.9 || 1.371 |- | - || - || - |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thin Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING001A || 523.7 || 1.1545 |- | WING002A || 526.8 || 1.1615 |- | WING003A || 522.5 || 1.1520 |- | WING004A || 528.2 || 1.1645 |- | WING005A || 526.8 || 1.1615 |- | WING006A || 525.4 || 1.1585 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thick Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING001B || 1129.7 || 2.4905 |- | WING002B || 1125.1 || 2.4805 |- | WING003B || 1133.1 || 2.4980 |- | WING004B || 1132.8 || 2.4975 |- | WING005B || 1131.5 || 2.4945 |- | WING006B || 1134.2 || 2.5005 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Current Location |- | - |- | - |- | - |- | - |- | - |- | Sandia National Labs |- |} '''Four Unit Frames and Wings - 2nd Manufacturing Run (Only Partial Data for #7-#9)''' {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Frame !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | SN007 || - || - |- | SN008 || - || - |- | SN009 || - || - |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thin Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING007A || 530.3 || 1.1690 |- | WING008A || - || - |- | WING009A || - || - |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thick Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING007B || 1091.8 || 2.4070 |- | WING008B || - || - |- | WING009B || - || - |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Current Location |- | Sandia National Labs |- | - |- | - |- |} '''Four Unit Frames and Wings - 3rd Manufacturing Run''' {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Frame !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | SN010 || 628.6 || 1.3858 |- | SN011 || 629.5 || 1.3878 |- | SN012 || 628.8 || 1.3863 |- | SN013 || 629.7 || 1.3883 |- | SN014 || 627.8 || 1.3841 |- | SN015 || 629.5 || 1.3878 |- | SN016 || 635.8 || 1.4017 |- | SN017 || 629.7 || 1.3883 |- | SN018 || 625.5 || 1.3790 |- | SN019 || 628.4 || 1.3854 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thin Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING010A || 527.4 || 1.1627 |- | WING011A || 528.0 || 1.1640 |- | WING012A || 528.0 || 1.1640 |- | WING013A || 527.7 || 1.1634 |- | WING014A || 528.1 || 1.1643 |- | WING015A || 527.5 || 1.1629 |- | WING016A || 528.4 || 1.1649 |- | WING017A || 528.7 || 1.1656 |- | WING018A || 527.7 || 1.1634 |- | WING019A || 527.3 || 1.1625 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thick Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING010B || 1091.6 || 2.4066 |- | WING011B || 1094.1 || 2.4121 |- | WING012B || 1082.5 || 2.3865 |- | WING013B || 1083.7 || 2.3892 |- | WING014B || 1089.3 || 2.4015 |- | WING015B || 1091.8 || 2.4070 |- | WING016B || 1093.8 || 2.4114 |- | WING017B || 1090.1 || 2.4033 |- | WING018B || 1094.0 || 2.4119 |- | WING019B || 1093.4 || 2.4105 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Current Location |- | - |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- |} ==Modal Frequencies== Frame Natural frequencies from LDV testing {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Four Unit Frame - Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Frame !! Mode 1 !! Mode 2 !! Mode 3 !! Mode 4 !! Mode 5 !! Mode 6 !! Mode 7 !! Mode 8 !! Mode 9 |- | SN001 || 246.25 || 301.41 || 656.09 || 677.50 || 728.59 || 766.65 || 1171.25 || 1204.84 || 1260.16 |- | SN002 || 237.81 || 294.52 || 632.50 || 659.38 || 719.69 || 755.63 || 1132.81 || 1167.81 || 1247.19 |- | SN003 || 234.18 || 291.71 || 624.38 || 652.81 || 715.31 || 751.99 || 1118.75 || 1155.31 || 1241.27 |- | SN004 || 234.18 || 291.42 || 627.50 || 655.31 || 719.69 || 754.06 || 1122.81 || 1160.00 || 1249.38 |- | SN005 || 239.69 || 294.23 || 630.63 || 657.50 || 720.31 || 756.56 || 1128.50 || 1164.06 || 1249.38 |- |} <!-- {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Four Unit Frame - Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Modal Index !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 |- | SN001 || 246.25 || 301.41 || 656.09 || 677.50 || 728.59 || 766.65 || 1171.25 || 1204.84 || 1260.16 |- | SN002 || 237.81 || 294.52 || 632.50 || 659.38 || 719.69 || 755.63 || 1132.81 || 1167.81 || 1247.19 |- | SN003 || 234.18 || 291.71 || 624.38 || 652.81 || 715.31 || 751.99 || 1118.75 || 1155.31 || 1241.27 |- | SN004 || 234.18 || 291.42 || 627.50 || 655.31 || 719.69 || 754.06 || 1122.81 || 1160.00 || 1249.38 |- | SN005 || 239.69 || 294.23 || 630.63 || 657.50 || 720.31 || 756.56 || 1128.50 || 1164.06 || 1249.38 |- |} {| class="wikitable" |+ Four Unit Frames Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Modal Index !! SN001 !! SN002 !! SN003 !! SN004 !! SN005 |- | 1 || 246.25 || 237.81 || 234.18 || 234.18 || 239.69 |- | 2 || 301.41 || 294.52 || 291.71 || 291.42 || 294.23 |- | 3 || 656.09 || 632.50 || 624.38 || 627.5 || 630.63 |- | 4 || 677.50 || 659.38 || 652.81 || 655.31 || 657.50 |- | 5 || 728.59 || 719.69 || 715.31 || 719.69 || 720.31 |- | 6 || 766.65 || 755.63 || 751.99 || 754.06 || 756.56 |- | 7 || 1171.25 || 1132.81 || 1118.75 || 1122.81 || 1128.5 |- | 8 || 1204.84 || 1167.81 || 1155.31 || 1160.00 || 1164.06 |- | 9 || 1260.16 || 1247.19 || 1241.27 || 1249.38 || 1249.38 |- |} --> faddbcbd39caf4bd7016f5bff9a0ed36217b2bdd 1040 1039 2024-02-21T00:41:16Z Bmoldenhauer 61 wikitext text/x-wiki Modal frequency and weight measurements taken by Sandia National Laboratories for the Dynamic Substructuring Four Unit frames, thin wings, and thick wings. == Weights == Weights measured by Sandia National Laboratories. [[File:Frames.jpg|500px|Four Unit Frames]] [[File:Wings.jpg|500px|Wings]] '''Four Unit Frames and Wings - 1st Manufacturing Run (There is no Frame SN006)''' {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Frame !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | SN001 || 626.4 || 1.381 |- | SN002 || 624.1 || 1.376 |- | SN003 || 625.5 || 1.379 |- | SN004 || 622.3 || 1.372 |- | SN005 || 621.9 || 1.371 |- | - || - || - |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thin Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING001A || 523.7 || 1.1545 |- | WING002A || 526.8 || 1.1615 |- | WING003A || 522.5 || 1.1520 |- | WING004A || 528.2 || 1.1645 |- | WING005A || 526.8 || 1.1615 |- | WING006A || 525.4 || 1.1585 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thick Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING001B || 1129.7 || 2.4905 |- | WING002B || 1125.1 || 2.4805 |- | WING003B || 1133.1 || 2.4980 |- | WING004B || 1132.8 || 2.4975 |- | WING005B || 1131.5 || 2.4945 |- | WING006B || 1134.2 || 2.5005 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Current Location |- | - |- | - |- | - |- | - |- | - |- | Sandia National Labs |- |} '''Four Unit Frames and Wings - 2nd Manufacturing Run (Only Partial Data for #7-#9)''' {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Frame !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | SN007 || - || - |- | SN008 || - || - |- | SN009 || - || - |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thin Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING007A || 530.3 || 1.1690 |- | WING008A || - || - |- | WING009A || - || - |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thick Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING007B || 1091.8 || 2.4070 |- | WING008B || - || - |- | WING009B || - || - |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Current Location |- | Sandia National Labs |- | - |- | - |- |} '''Four Unit Frames and Wings - 3rd Manufacturing Run''' {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Frame !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | SN010 || 628.6 || 1.3858 |- | SN011 || 629.5 || 1.3878 |- | SN012 || 628.8 || 1.3863 |- | SN013 || 629.7 || 1.3883 |- | SN014 || 627.8 || 1.3841 |- | SN015 || 629.5 || 1.3878 |- | SN016 || 635.8 || 1.4017 |- | SN017 || 629.7 || 1.3883 |- | SN018 || 625.5 || 1.3790 |- | SN019 || 628.4 || 1.3854 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thin Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING010A || 527.4 || 1.1627 |- | WING011A || 528.0 || 1.1640 |- | WING012A || 528.0 || 1.1640 |- | WING013A || 527.7 || 1.1634 |- | WING014A || 528.1 || 1.1643 |- | WING015A || 527.5 || 1.1629 |- | WING016A || 528.4 || 1.1649 |- | WING017A || 528.7 || 1.1656 |- | WING018A || 527.7 || 1.1634 |- | WING019A || 527.3 || 1.1625 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thick Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING010B || 1091.6 || 2.4066 |- | WING011B || 1094.1 || 2.4121 |- | WING012B || 1082.5 || 2.3865 |- | WING013B || 1083.7 || 2.3892 |- | WING014B || 1089.3 || 2.4015 |- | WING015B || 1091.8 || 2.4070 |- | WING016B || 1093.8 || 2.4114 |- | WING017B || 1090.1 || 2.4033 |- | WING018B || 1094.0 || 2.4119 |- | WING019B || 1093.4 || 2.4105 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Current Location |- | - |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- |} ==Modal Frequencies== Frame Natural frequencies from LDV testing {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Four Unit Frame - Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Frame !! Mode 1 !! Mode 2 !! Mode 3 !! Mode 4 !! Mode 5 !! Mode 6 !! Mode 7 !! Mode 8 !! Mode 9 |- | SN001 || 246.25 || 301.41 || 656.09 || 677.50 || 728.59 || 766.65 || 1171.25 || 1204.84 || 1260.16 |- | SN002 || 237.81 || 294.52 || 632.50 || 659.38 || 719.69 || 755.63 || 1132.81 || 1167.81 || 1247.19 |- | SN003 || 234.18 || 291.71 || 624.38 || 652.81 || 715.31 || 751.99 || 1118.75 || 1155.31 || 1241.27 |- | SN004 || 234.18 || 291.42 || 627.50 || 655.31 || 719.69 || 754.06 || 1122.81 || 1160.00 || 1249.38 |- | SN005 || 239.69 || 294.23 || 630.63 || 657.50 || 720.31 || 756.56 || 1128.50 || 1164.06 || 1249.38 |- |} <!-- {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Four Unit Frame - Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Modal Index !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 |- | SN001 || 246.25 || 301.41 || 656.09 || 677.50 || 728.59 || 766.65 || 1171.25 || 1204.84 || 1260.16 |- | SN002 || 237.81 || 294.52 || 632.50 || 659.38 || 719.69 || 755.63 || 1132.81 || 1167.81 || 1247.19 |- | SN003 || 234.18 || 291.71 || 624.38 || 652.81 || 715.31 || 751.99 || 1118.75 || 1155.31 || 1241.27 |- | SN004 || 234.18 || 291.42 || 627.50 || 655.31 || 719.69 || 754.06 || 1122.81 || 1160.00 || 1249.38 |- | SN005 || 239.69 || 294.23 || 630.63 || 657.50 || 720.31 || 756.56 || 1128.50 || 1164.06 || 1249.38 |- |} {| class="wikitable" |+ Four Unit Frames Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Modal Index !! SN001 !! SN002 !! SN003 !! SN004 !! SN005 |- | 1 || 246.25 || 237.81 || 234.18 || 234.18 || 239.69 |- | 2 || 301.41 || 294.52 || 291.71 || 291.42 || 294.23 |- | 3 || 656.09 || 632.50 || 624.38 || 627.5 || 630.63 |- | 4 || 677.50 || 659.38 || 652.81 || 655.31 || 657.50 |- | 5 || 728.59 || 719.69 || 715.31 || 719.69 || 720.31 |- | 6 || 766.65 || 755.63 || 751.99 || 754.06 || 756.56 |- | 7 || 1171.25 || 1132.81 || 1118.75 || 1122.81 || 1128.5 |- | 8 || 1204.84 || 1167.81 || 1155.31 || 1160.00 || 1164.06 |- | 9 || 1260.16 || 1247.19 || 1241.27 || 1249.38 || 1249.38 |- |} --> a20ebb065f4fb44c76448a4317e9814fb223de7d 1041 1040 2024-02-21T02:14:49Z Bmoldenhauer 61 wikitext text/x-wiki Modal frequency and weight measurements taken by Sandia National Laboratories for the Dynamic Substructuring Four Unit frames, thin wings, and thick wings. == Weights == Four Unit Frames & Wings weights measured by Sandia National Laboratories. [[File:Frames.jpg|500px|Four Unit Frames]] [[File:Wings.jpg|500px|Wings]] '''1st Manufactured Set''' * Note: There is no Frame SN006, and these Thick Wings (1-6) seem to be 1/8" too large in both in-plane dimensions relative to the drawing. {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Frame !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | SN001 || 626.4 || 1.381 |- | SN002 || 624.1 || 1.376 |- | SN003 || 625.5 || 1.379 |- | SN004 || 622.3 || 1.372 |- | SN005 || 621.9 || 1.371 |- | - || - || - |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thin Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING001A || 523.7 || 1.1545 |- | WING002A || 526.8 || 1.1615 |- | WING003A || 522.5 || 1.1520 |- | WING004A || 528.2 || 1.1645 |- | WING005A || 526.8 || 1.1615 |- | WING006A || 525.4 || 1.1585 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thick Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING001B || 1129.7 || 2.4905 |- | WING002B || 1125.1 || 2.4805 |- | WING003B || 1133.1 || 2.4980 |- | WING004B || 1132.8 || 2.4975 |- | WING005B || 1131.5 || 2.4945 |- | WING006B || 1134.2 || 2.5005 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Current Location |- | - |- | - |- | - |- | - |- | - |- | Sandia National Labs |- |} '''2nd Manufactured Set''' * Note: Set 008 & Set 009 were shipped out before weighing {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Frame !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | SN007 || - || - |- | SN008 || - || - |- | SN009 || - || - |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thin Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING007A || 530.3 || 1.1690 |- | WING008A || - || - |- | WING009A || - || - |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thick Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING007B || 1091.8 || 2.4070 |- | WING008B || - || - |- | WING009B || - || - |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Current Location |- | Sandia National Labs |- | - |- | - |- |} '''3rd Manufactured Set''' {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Frame !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | SN010 || 628.6 || 1.3858 |- | SN011 || 629.5 || 1.3878 |- | SN012 || 628.8 || 1.3863 |- | SN013 || 629.7 || 1.3883 |- | SN014 || 627.8 || 1.3841 |- | SN015 || 629.5 || 1.3878 |- | SN016 || 635.8 || 1.4017 |- | SN017 || 629.7 || 1.3883 |- | SN018 || 625.5 || 1.3790 |- | SN019 || 628.4 || 1.3854 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thin Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING010A || 527.4 || 1.1627 |- | WING011A || 528.0 || 1.1640 |- | WING012A || 528.0 || 1.1640 |- | WING013A || 527.7 || 1.1634 |- | WING014A || 528.1 || 1.1643 |- | WING015A || 527.5 || 1.1629 |- | WING016A || 528.4 || 1.1649 |- | WING017A || 528.7 || 1.1656 |- | WING018A || 527.7 || 1.1634 |- | WING019A || 527.3 || 1.1625 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thick Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING010B || 1091.6 || 2.4066 |- | WING011B || 1094.1 || 2.4121 |- | WING012B || 1082.5 || 2.3865 |- | WING013B || 1083.7 || 2.3892 |- | WING014B || 1089.3 || 2.4015 |- | WING015B || 1091.8 || 2.4070 |- | WING016B || 1093.8 || 2.4114 |- | WING017B || 1090.1 || 2.4033 |- | WING018B || 1094.0 || 2.4119 |- | WING019B || 1093.4 || 2.4105 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Current Location |- | - |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- |} ==Modal Frequencies== Frame Natural frequencies from LDV testing {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Four Unit Frame - Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Frame !! Mode 1 !! Mode 2 !! Mode 3 !! Mode 4 !! Mode 5 !! Mode 6 !! Mode 7 !! Mode 8 !! Mode 9 |- | SN001 || 246.25 || 301.41 || 656.09 || 677.50 || 728.59 || 766.65 || 1171.25 || 1204.84 || 1260.16 |- | SN002 || 237.81 || 294.52 || 632.50 || 659.38 || 719.69 || 755.63 || 1132.81 || 1167.81 || 1247.19 |- | SN003 || 234.18 || 291.71 || 624.38 || 652.81 || 715.31 || 751.99 || 1118.75 || 1155.31 || 1241.27 |- | SN004 || 234.18 || 291.42 || 627.50 || 655.31 || 719.69 || 754.06 || 1122.81 || 1160.00 || 1249.38 |- | SN005 || 239.69 || 294.23 || 630.63 || 657.50 || 720.31 || 756.56 || 1128.50 || 1164.06 || 1249.38 |- |} <!-- {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Four Unit Frame - Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Modal Index !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 |- | SN001 || 246.25 || 301.41 || 656.09 || 677.50 || 728.59 || 766.65 || 1171.25 || 1204.84 || 1260.16 |- | SN002 || 237.81 || 294.52 || 632.50 || 659.38 || 719.69 || 755.63 || 1132.81 || 1167.81 || 1247.19 |- | SN003 || 234.18 || 291.71 || 624.38 || 652.81 || 715.31 || 751.99 || 1118.75 || 1155.31 || 1241.27 |- | SN004 || 234.18 || 291.42 || 627.50 || 655.31 || 719.69 || 754.06 || 1122.81 || 1160.00 || 1249.38 |- | SN005 || 239.69 || 294.23 || 630.63 || 657.50 || 720.31 || 756.56 || 1128.50 || 1164.06 || 1249.38 |- |} {| class="wikitable" |+ Four Unit Frames Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Modal Index !! SN001 !! SN002 !! SN003 !! SN004 !! SN005 |- | 1 || 246.25 || 237.81 || 234.18 || 234.18 || 239.69 |- | 2 || 301.41 || 294.52 || 291.71 || 291.42 || 294.23 |- | 3 || 656.09 || 632.50 || 624.38 || 627.5 || 630.63 |- | 4 || 677.50 || 659.38 || 652.81 || 655.31 || 657.50 |- | 5 || 728.59 || 719.69 || 715.31 || 719.69 || 720.31 |- | 6 || 766.65 || 755.63 || 751.99 || 754.06 || 756.56 |- | 7 || 1171.25 || 1132.81 || 1118.75 || 1122.81 || 1128.5 |- | 8 || 1204.84 || 1167.81 || 1155.31 || 1160.00 || 1164.06 |- | 9 || 1260.16 || 1247.19 || 1241.27 || 1249.38 || 1249.38 |- |} --> e25da111b997ddcfa270f59bac4515f1dcb39519 1042 1041 2024-02-21T02:17:55Z Bmoldenhauer 61 wikitext text/x-wiki Modal frequency and weight measurements taken by Sandia National Laboratories for the Dynamic Substructuring Four Unit frames, thin wings, and thick wings. == Weights == Four Unit Frames & Wings weights measured by Sandia National Laboratories. [[File:Frames.jpg|500px|Four Unit Frames]] [[File:Wings.jpg|500px|Wings]] '''1st Manufactured Set''' * Note: There is no Frame SN006, and these Thick Wings (1B-6B) seem to be 1/8" too large in both in-plane dimensions relative to the drawing. {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Frame !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | SN001 || 626.4 || 1.381 |- | SN002 || 624.1 || 1.376 |- | SN003 || 625.5 || 1.379 |- | SN004 || 622.3 || 1.372 |- | SN005 || 621.9 || 1.371 |- | - || - || - |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thin Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING001A || 523.7 || 1.1545 |- | WING002A || 526.8 || 1.1615 |- | WING003A || 522.5 || 1.1520 |- | WING004A || 528.2 || 1.1645 |- | WING005A || 526.8 || 1.1615 |- | WING006A || 525.4 || 1.1585 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thick Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING001B || 1129.7 || 2.4905 |- | WING002B || 1125.1 || 2.4805 |- | WING003B || 1133.1 || 2.4980 |- | WING004B || 1132.8 || 2.4975 |- | WING005B || 1131.5 || 2.4945 |- | WING006B || 1134.2 || 2.5005 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Current Location |- | - |- | - |- | - |- | - |- | - |- | Sandia National Labs |- |} '''2nd Manufactured Set''' * Note: Set 008 & Set 009 were shipped out before weighing {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Frame !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | SN007 || - || - |- | SN008 || - || - |- | SN009 || - || - |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thin Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING007A || 530.3 || 1.1691 |- | WING008A || - || - |- | WING009A || - || - |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thick Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING007B || 1091.8 || 2.4070 |- | WING008B || - || - |- | WING009B || - || - |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Current Location |- | Sandia National Labs |- | - |- | - |- |} '''3rd Manufactured Set''' {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Frame !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | SN010 || 628.6 || 1.3858 |- | SN011 || 629.5 || 1.3878 |- | SN012 || 628.8 || 1.3863 |- | SN013 || 629.7 || 1.3883 |- | SN014 || 627.8 || 1.3841 |- | SN015 || 629.5 || 1.3878 |- | SN016 || 635.8 || 1.4017 |- | SN017 || 629.7 || 1.3883 |- | SN018 || 625.5 || 1.3790 |- | SN019 || 628.4 || 1.3854 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thin Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING010A || 527.4 || 1.1627 |- | WING011A || 528.0 || 1.1640 |- | WING012A || 528.0 || 1.1640 |- | WING013A || 527.7 || 1.1634 |- | WING014A || 528.1 || 1.1643 |- | WING015A || 527.5 || 1.1629 |- | WING016A || 528.4 || 1.1649 |- | WING017A || 528.7 || 1.1656 |- | WING018A || 527.7 || 1.1634 |- | WING019A || 527.3 || 1.1625 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thick Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING010B || 1091.6 || 2.4066 |- | WING011B || 1094.1 || 2.4121 |- | WING012B || 1082.5 || 2.3865 |- | WING013B || 1083.7 || 2.3892 |- | WING014B || 1089.3 || 2.4015 |- | WING015B || 1091.8 || 2.4070 |- | WING016B || 1093.8 || 2.4114 |- | WING017B || 1090.1 || 2.4033 |- | WING018B || 1094.0 || 2.4119 |- | WING019B || 1093.4 || 2.4105 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Current Location |- | - |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- |} ==Modal Frequencies== Frame Natural frequencies from LDV testing {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Four Unit Frame - Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Frame !! Mode 1 !! Mode 2 !! Mode 3 !! Mode 4 !! Mode 5 !! Mode 6 !! Mode 7 !! Mode 8 !! Mode 9 |- | SN001 || 246.25 || 301.41 || 656.09 || 677.50 || 728.59 || 766.65 || 1171.25 || 1204.84 || 1260.16 |- | SN002 || 237.81 || 294.52 || 632.50 || 659.38 || 719.69 || 755.63 || 1132.81 || 1167.81 || 1247.19 |- | SN003 || 234.18 || 291.71 || 624.38 || 652.81 || 715.31 || 751.99 || 1118.75 || 1155.31 || 1241.27 |- | SN004 || 234.18 || 291.42 || 627.50 || 655.31 || 719.69 || 754.06 || 1122.81 || 1160.00 || 1249.38 |- | SN005 || 239.69 || 294.23 || 630.63 || 657.50 || 720.31 || 756.56 || 1128.50 || 1164.06 || 1249.38 |- |} <!-- {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Four Unit Frame - Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Modal Index !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 |- | SN001 || 246.25 || 301.41 || 656.09 || 677.50 || 728.59 || 766.65 || 1171.25 || 1204.84 || 1260.16 |- | SN002 || 237.81 || 294.52 || 632.50 || 659.38 || 719.69 || 755.63 || 1132.81 || 1167.81 || 1247.19 |- | SN003 || 234.18 || 291.71 || 624.38 || 652.81 || 715.31 || 751.99 || 1118.75 || 1155.31 || 1241.27 |- | SN004 || 234.18 || 291.42 || 627.50 || 655.31 || 719.69 || 754.06 || 1122.81 || 1160.00 || 1249.38 |- | SN005 || 239.69 || 294.23 || 630.63 || 657.50 || 720.31 || 756.56 || 1128.50 || 1164.06 || 1249.38 |- |} {| class="wikitable" |+ Four Unit Frames Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Modal Index !! SN001 !! SN002 !! SN003 !! SN004 !! SN005 |- | 1 || 246.25 || 237.81 || 234.18 || 234.18 || 239.69 |- | 2 || 301.41 || 294.52 || 291.71 || 291.42 || 294.23 |- | 3 || 656.09 || 632.50 || 624.38 || 627.5 || 630.63 |- | 4 || 677.50 || 659.38 || 652.81 || 655.31 || 657.50 |- | 5 || 728.59 || 719.69 || 715.31 || 719.69 || 720.31 |- | 6 || 766.65 || 755.63 || 751.99 || 754.06 || 756.56 |- | 7 || 1171.25 || 1132.81 || 1118.75 || 1122.81 || 1128.5 |- | 8 || 1204.84 || 1167.81 || 1155.31 || 1160.00 || 1164.06 |- | 9 || 1260.16 || 1247.19 || 1241.27 || 1249.38 || 1249.38 |- |} --> 2c7112d60cb17e0ad72bfecd564d02b72ee0996a 1043 1042 2024-02-21T02:22:25Z Bmoldenhauer 61 wikitext text/x-wiki Modal frequency and weight measurements taken by Sandia National Laboratories for the Dynamic Substructuring Four Unit frames, thin wings, and thick wings. == Weights == Four Unit Frames & Wings weights measured by Sandia National Laboratories with a Mettler Toledo SG32001 Balance. [[File:Frames.jpg|500px|Four Unit Frames]] [[File:Wings.jpg|500px|Wings]] '''1st Manufactured Set''' * Note: There is no Frame SN006, and these Thick Wings (1B-6B) seem to be 1/8" too large in both in-plane dimensions relative to the drawing. {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Frame !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | SN001 || 626.4 || 1.381 |- | SN002 || 624.1 || 1.376 |- | SN003 || 625.5 || 1.379 |- | SN004 || 622.3 || 1.372 |- | SN005 || 621.9 || 1.371 |- | - || - || - |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thin Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING001A || 523.7 || 1.1545 |- | WING002A || 526.8 || 1.1615 |- | WING003A || 522.5 || 1.1520 |- | WING004A || 528.2 || 1.1645 |- | WING005A || 526.8 || 1.1615 |- | WING006A || 525.4 || 1.1585 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thick Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING001B || 1129.7 || 2.4905 |- | WING002B || 1125.1 || 2.4805 |- | WING003B || 1133.1 || 2.4980 |- | WING004B || 1132.8 || 2.4975 |- | WING005B || 1131.5 || 2.4945 |- | WING006B || 1134.2 || 2.5005 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Current Location |- | - |- | - |- | - |- | - |- | - |- | Sandia National Labs |- |} '''2nd Manufactured Set''' * Note: Set 008 & Set 009 were shipped out before weighing {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Frame !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | SN007 || - || - |- | SN008 || - || - |- | SN009 || - || - |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thin Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING007A || 530.3 || 1.1691 |- | WING008A || - || - |- | WING009A || - || - |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thick Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING007B || 1091.8 || 2.4070 |- | WING008B || - || - |- | WING009B || - || - |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Current Location |- | Sandia National Labs |- | - |- | - |- |} '''3rd Manufactured Set''' {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Frame !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | SN010 || 628.6 || 1.3858 |- | SN011 || 629.5 || 1.3878 |- | SN012 || 628.8 || 1.3863 |- | SN013 || 629.7 || 1.3883 |- | SN014 || 627.8 || 1.3841 |- | SN015 || 629.5 || 1.3878 |- | SN016 || 635.8 || 1.4017 |- | SN017 || 629.7 || 1.3883 |- | SN018 || 625.5 || 1.3790 |- | SN019 || 628.4 || 1.3854 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thin Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING010A || 527.4 || 1.1627 |- | WING011A || 528.0 || 1.1640 |- | WING012A || 528.0 || 1.1640 |- | WING013A || 527.7 || 1.1634 |- | WING014A || 528.1 || 1.1643 |- | WING015A || 527.5 || 1.1629 |- | WING016A || 528.4 || 1.1649 |- | WING017A || 528.7 || 1.1656 |- | WING018A || 527.7 || 1.1634 |- | WING019A || 527.3 || 1.1625 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thick Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING010B || 1091.6 || 2.4066 |- | WING011B || 1094.1 || 2.4121 |- | WING012B || 1082.5 || 2.3865 |- | WING013B || 1083.7 || 2.3892 |- | WING014B || 1089.3 || 2.4015 |- | WING015B || 1091.8 || 2.4070 |- | WING016B || 1093.8 || 2.4114 |- | WING017B || 1090.1 || 2.4033 |- | WING018B || 1094.0 || 2.4119 |- | WING019B || 1093.4 || 2.4105 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Current Location |- | - |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- |} ==Modal Frequencies== Frame Natural frequencies from LDV testing {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Four Unit Frame - Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Frame !! Mode 1 !! Mode 2 !! Mode 3 !! Mode 4 !! Mode 5 !! Mode 6 !! Mode 7 !! Mode 8 !! Mode 9 |- | SN001 || 246.25 || 301.41 || 656.09 || 677.50 || 728.59 || 766.65 || 1171.25 || 1204.84 || 1260.16 |- | SN002 || 237.81 || 294.52 || 632.50 || 659.38 || 719.69 || 755.63 || 1132.81 || 1167.81 || 1247.19 |- | SN003 || 234.18 || 291.71 || 624.38 || 652.81 || 715.31 || 751.99 || 1118.75 || 1155.31 || 1241.27 |- | SN004 || 234.18 || 291.42 || 627.50 || 655.31 || 719.69 || 754.06 || 1122.81 || 1160.00 || 1249.38 |- | SN005 || 239.69 || 294.23 || 630.63 || 657.50 || 720.31 || 756.56 || 1128.50 || 1164.06 || 1249.38 |- |} <!-- {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Four Unit Frame - Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Modal Index !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 |- | SN001 || 246.25 || 301.41 || 656.09 || 677.50 || 728.59 || 766.65 || 1171.25 || 1204.84 || 1260.16 |- | SN002 || 237.81 || 294.52 || 632.50 || 659.38 || 719.69 || 755.63 || 1132.81 || 1167.81 || 1247.19 |- | SN003 || 234.18 || 291.71 || 624.38 || 652.81 || 715.31 || 751.99 || 1118.75 || 1155.31 || 1241.27 |- | SN004 || 234.18 || 291.42 || 627.50 || 655.31 || 719.69 || 754.06 || 1122.81 || 1160.00 || 1249.38 |- | SN005 || 239.69 || 294.23 || 630.63 || 657.50 || 720.31 || 756.56 || 1128.50 || 1164.06 || 1249.38 |- |} {| class="wikitable" |+ Four Unit Frames Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Modal Index !! SN001 !! SN002 !! SN003 !! SN004 !! SN005 |- | 1 || 246.25 || 237.81 || 234.18 || 234.18 || 239.69 |- | 2 || 301.41 || 294.52 || 291.71 || 291.42 || 294.23 |- | 3 || 656.09 || 632.50 || 624.38 || 627.5 || 630.63 |- | 4 || 677.50 || 659.38 || 652.81 || 655.31 || 657.50 |- | 5 || 728.59 || 719.69 || 715.31 || 719.69 || 720.31 |- | 6 || 766.65 || 755.63 || 751.99 || 754.06 || 756.56 |- | 7 || 1171.25 || 1132.81 || 1118.75 || 1122.81 || 1128.5 |- | 8 || 1204.84 || 1167.81 || 1155.31 || 1160.00 || 1164.06 |- | 9 || 1260.16 || 1247.19 || 1241.27 || 1249.38 || 1249.38 |- |} --> f0f27b1f57366a552d026c2d4d80b96bc5816b71 1044 1043 2024-02-21T17:41:38Z Bmoldenhauer 61 wikitext text/x-wiki Modal frequency and weight measurements taken by Sandia National Laboratories for the Dynamic Substructuring Four Unit frames, thin wings, and thick wings. == Weights == Four Unit Frames & Wings weights measured by Sandia National Laboratories with a Mettler Toledo SG32001 Balance. [[File:Frames.jpg|500px|Four Unit Frames]] [[File:Wings.jpg|500px|Wings]] '''1st Manufactured Set''' * Note: There is no Frame SN006, and these Thick Wings (1B-6B) seem to be 1/8" too large in both in-plane dimensions relative to the drawing. {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Frame !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | SN001 || 626.4 || 1.381 |- | SN002 || 624.1 || 1.376 |- | SN003 || 625.5 || 1.379 |- | SN004 || 622.3 || 1.372 |- | SN005 || 621.9 || 1.371 |- | - || - || - |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thin Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING001A || 523.7 || 1.1545 |- | WING002A || 526.8 || 1.1615 |- | WING003A || 522.5 || 1.1520 |- | WING004A || 528.2 || 1.1645 |- | WING005A || 526.8 || 1.1615 |- | WING006A || 525.4 || 1.1585 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thick Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING001B || 1129.7 || 2.4905 |- | WING002B || 1125.1 || 2.4805 |- | WING003B || 1133.1 || 2.4980 |- | WING004B || 1132.8 || 2.4975 |- | WING005B || 1131.5 || 2.4945 |- | WING006B || 1134.2 || 2.5005 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Current Location |- | - |- | - |- | - |- | - |- | - |- | Sandia National Labs |- |} '''2nd Manufactured Set''' * Note: Set 008 & Set 009 were shipped out before weighing {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Frame !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | SN007 || 623.9 || 1.3755 |- | SN008 || - || - |- | SN009 || - || - |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thin Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING007A || 530.3 || 1.1691 |- | WING008A || - || - |- | WING009A || - || - |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thick Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING007B || 1091.8 || 2.4070 |- | WING008B || - || - |- | WING009B || - || - |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Current Location |- | Sandia National Labs |- | - |- | - |- |} '''3rd Manufactured Set''' {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Frame !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | SN010 || 628.6 || 1.3858 |- | SN011 || 629.5 || 1.3878 |- | SN012 || 628.8 || 1.3863 |- | SN013 || 629.7 || 1.3883 |- | SN014 || 627.8 || 1.3841 |- | SN015 || 629.5 || 1.3878 |- | SN016 || 635.8 || 1.4017 |- | SN017 || 629.7 || 1.3883 |- | SN018 || 625.5 || 1.3790 |- | SN019 || 628.4 || 1.3854 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thin Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING010A || 527.4 || 1.1627 |- | WING011A || 528.0 || 1.1640 |- | WING012A || 528.0 || 1.1640 |- | WING013A || 527.7 || 1.1634 |- | WING014A || 528.1 || 1.1643 |- | WING015A || 527.5 || 1.1629 |- | WING016A || 528.4 || 1.1649 |- | WING017A || 528.7 || 1.1656 |- | WING018A || 527.7 || 1.1634 |- | WING019A || 527.3 || 1.1625 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thick Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING010B || 1091.6 || 2.4066 |- | WING011B || 1094.1 || 2.4121 |- | WING012B || 1082.5 || 2.3865 |- | WING013B || 1083.7 || 2.3892 |- | WING014B || 1089.3 || 2.4015 |- | WING015B || 1091.8 || 2.4070 |- | WING016B || 1093.8 || 2.4114 |- | WING017B || 1090.1 || 2.4033 |- | WING018B || 1094.0 || 2.4119 |- | WING019B || 1093.4 || 2.4105 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Current Location |- | - |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- |} ==Modal Frequencies== Frame Natural frequencies from LDV testing {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Four Unit Frame - Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Frame !! Mode 1 !! Mode 2 !! Mode 3 !! Mode 4 !! Mode 5 !! Mode 6 !! Mode 7 !! Mode 8 !! Mode 9 |- | SN001 || 246.25 || 301.41 || 656.09 || 677.50 || 728.59 || 766.65 || 1171.25 || 1204.84 || 1260.16 |- | SN002 || 237.81 || 294.52 || 632.50 || 659.38 || 719.69 || 755.63 || 1132.81 || 1167.81 || 1247.19 |- | SN003 || 234.18 || 291.71 || 624.38 || 652.81 || 715.31 || 751.99 || 1118.75 || 1155.31 || 1241.27 |- | SN004 || 234.18 || 291.42 || 627.50 || 655.31 || 719.69 || 754.06 || 1122.81 || 1160.00 || 1249.38 |- | SN005 || 239.69 || 294.23 || 630.63 || 657.50 || 720.31 || 756.56 || 1128.50 || 1164.06 || 1249.38 |- |} <!-- {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Four Unit Frame - Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Modal Index !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 |- | SN001 || 246.25 || 301.41 || 656.09 || 677.50 || 728.59 || 766.65 || 1171.25 || 1204.84 || 1260.16 |- | SN002 || 237.81 || 294.52 || 632.50 || 659.38 || 719.69 || 755.63 || 1132.81 || 1167.81 || 1247.19 |- | SN003 || 234.18 || 291.71 || 624.38 || 652.81 || 715.31 || 751.99 || 1118.75 || 1155.31 || 1241.27 |- | SN004 || 234.18 || 291.42 || 627.50 || 655.31 || 719.69 || 754.06 || 1122.81 || 1160.00 || 1249.38 |- | SN005 || 239.69 || 294.23 || 630.63 || 657.50 || 720.31 || 756.56 || 1128.50 || 1164.06 || 1249.38 |- |} {| class="wikitable" |+ Four Unit Frames Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Modal Index !! SN001 !! SN002 !! SN003 !! SN004 !! SN005 |- | 1 || 246.25 || 237.81 || 234.18 || 234.18 || 239.69 |- | 2 || 301.41 || 294.52 || 291.71 || 291.42 || 294.23 |- | 3 || 656.09 || 632.50 || 624.38 || 627.5 || 630.63 |- | 4 || 677.50 || 659.38 || 652.81 || 655.31 || 657.50 |- | 5 || 728.59 || 719.69 || 715.31 || 719.69 || 720.31 |- | 6 || 766.65 || 755.63 || 751.99 || 754.06 || 756.56 |- | 7 || 1171.25 || 1132.81 || 1118.75 || 1122.81 || 1128.5 |- | 8 || 1204.84 || 1167.81 || 1155.31 || 1160.00 || 1164.06 |- | 9 || 1260.16 || 1247.19 || 1241.27 || 1249.38 || 1249.38 |- |} --> 54aae82e87595e72e64e3c76213d5e7a75b7b94d 1045 1044 2024-02-21T18:36:21Z Bmoldenhauer 61 wikitext text/x-wiki Modal frequency and weight measurements taken by Sandia National Laboratories for the Dynamic Substructuring Four Unit frames, thin wings, and thick wings. == Weights == Four Unit Frames & Wings weights measured by Sandia National Laboratories with a Mettler Toledo SG32001 Balance. [[File:Frames.jpg|500px|Four Unit Frames]] [[File:Wings.jpg|500px|Wings]] '''1st Manufactured Set''' * Note: Frame SN006 was never made and does not exist. * Note: Thick Wings 1B-6B seem to be 1/8" too large in both in-plane dimensions relative to the drawing (22.125"x4.51" vs 22"x4.385"). {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Frame !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | SN001 || 626.4 || 1.381 |- | SN002 || 624.1 || 1.376 |- | SN003 || 625.5 || 1.379 |- | SN004 || 622.3 || 1.372 |- | SN005 || 621.9 || 1.371 |- | - || - || - |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thin Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING001A || 523.7 || 1.1545 |- | WING002A || 526.8 || 1.1615 |- | WING003A || 522.5 || 1.1520 |- | WING004A || 528.2 || 1.1645 |- | WING005A || 526.8 || 1.1615 |- | WING006A || 525.4 || 1.1585 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thick Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING001B || 1129.7 || 2.4905 |- | WING002B || 1125.1 || 2.4805 |- | WING003B || 1133.1 || 2.4980 |- | WING004B || 1132.8 || 2.4975 |- | WING005B || 1131.5 || 2.4945 |- | WING006B || 1134.2 || 2.5005 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Current Location |- | - |- | - |- | - |- | - |- | - |- | Sandia National Labs |- |} '''2nd Manufactured Set''' * Note: Frame & Wing Set 008 & Set 009 were shipped out before weighing {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Frame !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | SN007 || 623.9 || 1.3755 |- | SN008 || - || - |- | SN009 || - || - |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thin Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING007A || 530.3 || 1.1691 |- | WING008A || - || - |- | WING009A || - || - |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thick Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING007B || 1091.8 || 2.4070 |- | WING008B || - || - |- | WING009B || - || - |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Current Location |- | Sandia National Labs |- | - |- | - |- |} '''3rd Manufactured Set''' {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Frame !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | SN010 || 628.6 || 1.3858 |- | SN011 || 629.5 || 1.3878 |- | SN012 || 628.8 || 1.3863 |- | SN013 || 629.7 || 1.3883 |- | SN014 || 627.8 || 1.3841 |- | SN015 || 629.5 || 1.3878 |- | SN016 || 635.8 || 1.4017 |- | SN017 || 629.7 || 1.3883 |- | SN018 || 625.5 || 1.3790 |- | SN019 || 628.4 || 1.3854 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thin Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING010A || 527.4 || 1.1627 |- | WING011A || 528.0 || 1.1640 |- | WING012A || 528.0 || 1.1640 |- | WING013A || 527.7 || 1.1634 |- | WING014A || 528.1 || 1.1643 |- | WING015A || 527.5 || 1.1629 |- | WING016A || 528.4 || 1.1649 |- | WING017A || 528.7 || 1.1656 |- | WING018A || 527.7 || 1.1634 |- | WING019A || 527.3 || 1.1625 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thick Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING010B || 1091.6 || 2.4066 |- | WING011B || 1094.1 || 2.4121 |- | WING012B || 1082.5 || 2.3865 |- | WING013B || 1083.7 || 2.3892 |- | WING014B || 1089.3 || 2.4015 |- | WING015B || 1091.8 || 2.4070 |- | WING016B || 1093.8 || 2.4114 |- | WING017B || 1090.1 || 2.4033 |- | WING018B || 1094.0 || 2.4119 |- | WING019B || 1093.4 || 2.4105 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Current Location |- | - |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- |} ==Modal Frequencies== Frame Natural frequencies from LDV testing {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Four Unit Frame - Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Frame !! Mode 1 !! Mode 2 !! Mode 3 !! Mode 4 !! Mode 5 !! Mode 6 !! Mode 7 !! Mode 8 !! Mode 9 |- | SN001 || 246.25 || 301.41 || 656.09 || 677.50 || 728.59 || 766.65 || 1171.25 || 1204.84 || 1260.16 |- | SN002 || 237.81 || 294.52 || 632.50 || 659.38 || 719.69 || 755.63 || 1132.81 || 1167.81 || 1247.19 |- | SN003 || 234.18 || 291.71 || 624.38 || 652.81 || 715.31 || 751.99 || 1118.75 || 1155.31 || 1241.27 |- | SN004 || 234.18 || 291.42 || 627.50 || 655.31 || 719.69 || 754.06 || 1122.81 || 1160.00 || 1249.38 |- | SN005 || 239.69 || 294.23 || 630.63 || 657.50 || 720.31 || 756.56 || 1128.50 || 1164.06 || 1249.38 |- |} <!-- {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Four Unit Frame - Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Modal Index !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 |- | SN001 || 246.25 || 301.41 || 656.09 || 677.50 || 728.59 || 766.65 || 1171.25 || 1204.84 || 1260.16 |- | SN002 || 237.81 || 294.52 || 632.50 || 659.38 || 719.69 || 755.63 || 1132.81 || 1167.81 || 1247.19 |- | SN003 || 234.18 || 291.71 || 624.38 || 652.81 || 715.31 || 751.99 || 1118.75 || 1155.31 || 1241.27 |- | SN004 || 234.18 || 291.42 || 627.50 || 655.31 || 719.69 || 754.06 || 1122.81 || 1160.00 || 1249.38 |- | SN005 || 239.69 || 294.23 || 630.63 || 657.50 || 720.31 || 756.56 || 1128.50 || 1164.06 || 1249.38 |- |} {| class="wikitable" |+ Four Unit Frames Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Modal Index !! SN001 !! SN002 !! SN003 !! SN004 !! SN005 |- | 1 || 246.25 || 237.81 || 234.18 || 234.18 || 239.69 |- | 2 || 301.41 || 294.52 || 291.71 || 291.42 || 294.23 |- | 3 || 656.09 || 632.50 || 624.38 || 627.5 || 630.63 |- | 4 || 677.50 || 659.38 || 652.81 || 655.31 || 657.50 |- | 5 || 728.59 || 719.69 || 715.31 || 719.69 || 720.31 |- | 6 || 766.65 || 755.63 || 751.99 || 754.06 || 756.56 |- | 7 || 1171.25 || 1132.81 || 1118.75 || 1122.81 || 1128.5 |- | 8 || 1204.84 || 1167.81 || 1155.31 || 1160.00 || 1164.06 |- | 9 || 1260.16 || 1247.19 || 1241.27 || 1249.38 || 1249.38 |- |} --> 49fe9139eccb4ccc62866624e496af0b0c641691 1046 1045 2024-02-21T18:38:39Z Bmoldenhauer 61 wikitext text/x-wiki Modal frequency and weight measurements taken by Sandia National Laboratories for the Dynamic Substructuring Four Unit frames, thin wings, and thick wings. == Weights == Four Unit Frames & Wings weights measured by Sandia National Laboratories with a Mettler Toledo SG32001 Balance. [[File:Frames.jpg|500px|Four Unit Frames]] [[File:Wings.jpg|500px|Wings]] '''1st Manufactured Set''' * Note: Frame SN006 was never made and does not exist. * Note: Thick Wings 1B-6B seem to be 1/8" larger in both in-plane dimensions relative to the drawing (22.125"x4.51" vs 22"x4.385"). {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Frame !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | SN001 || 626.4 || 1.381 |- | SN002 || 624.1 || 1.376 |- | SN003 || 625.5 || 1.379 |- | SN004 || 622.3 || 1.372 |- | SN005 || 621.9 || 1.371 |- | - || - || - |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thin Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING001A || 523.7 || 1.1545 |- | WING002A || 526.8 || 1.1615 |- | WING003A || 522.5 || 1.1520 |- | WING004A || 528.2 || 1.1645 |- | WING005A || 526.8 || 1.1615 |- | WING006A || 525.4 || 1.1585 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thick Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING001B || 1129.7 || 2.4905 |- | WING002B || 1125.1 || 2.4805 |- | WING003B || 1133.1 || 2.4980 |- | WING004B || 1132.8 || 2.4975 |- | WING005B || 1131.5 || 2.4945 |- | WING006B || 1134.2 || 2.5005 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Current Location |- | - |- | - |- | - |- | - |- | - |- | Sandia National Labs |- |} '''2nd Manufactured Set''' * Note: Frame & Wing Set 008 & Set 009 were shipped out before weighing {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Frame !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | SN007 || 623.9 || 1.3755 |- | SN008 || - || - |- | SN009 || - || - |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thin Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING007A || 530.3 || 1.1691 |- | WING008A || - || - |- | WING009A || - || - |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thick Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING007B || 1091.8 || 2.4070 |- | WING008B || - || - |- | WING009B || - || - |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Current Location |- | Sandia National Labs |- | - |- | - |- |} '''3rd Manufactured Set''' {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Frame !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | SN010 || 628.6 || 1.3858 |- | SN011 || 629.5 || 1.3878 |- | SN012 || 628.8 || 1.3863 |- | SN013 || 629.7 || 1.3883 |- | SN014 || 627.8 || 1.3841 |- | SN015 || 629.5 || 1.3878 |- | SN016 || 635.8 || 1.4017 |- | SN017 || 629.7 || 1.3883 |- | SN018 || 625.5 || 1.3790 |- | SN019 || 628.4 || 1.3854 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thin Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING010A || 527.4 || 1.1627 |- | WING011A || 528.0 || 1.1640 |- | WING012A || 528.0 || 1.1640 |- | WING013A || 527.7 || 1.1634 |- | WING014A || 528.1 || 1.1643 |- | WING015A || 527.5 || 1.1629 |- | WING016A || 528.4 || 1.1649 |- | WING017A || 528.7 || 1.1656 |- | WING018A || 527.7 || 1.1634 |- | WING019A || 527.3 || 1.1625 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thick Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING010B || 1091.6 || 2.4066 |- | WING011B || 1094.1 || 2.4121 |- | WING012B || 1082.5 || 2.3865 |- | WING013B || 1083.7 || 2.3892 |- | WING014B || 1089.3 || 2.4015 |- | WING015B || 1091.8 || 2.4070 |- | WING016B || 1093.8 || 2.4114 |- | WING017B || 1090.1 || 2.4033 |- | WING018B || 1094.0 || 2.4119 |- | WING019B || 1093.4 || 2.4105 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Current Location |- | - |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- | Sandia National Labs |- |} ==Modal Frequencies== Frame Natural frequencies from LDV testing {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Four Unit Frame - Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Frame !! Mode 1 !! Mode 2 !! Mode 3 !! Mode 4 !! Mode 5 !! Mode 6 !! Mode 7 !! Mode 8 !! Mode 9 |- | SN001 || 246.25 || 301.41 || 656.09 || 677.50 || 728.59 || 766.65 || 1171.25 || 1204.84 || 1260.16 |- | SN002 || 237.81 || 294.52 || 632.50 || 659.38 || 719.69 || 755.63 || 1132.81 || 1167.81 || 1247.19 |- | SN003 || 234.18 || 291.71 || 624.38 || 652.81 || 715.31 || 751.99 || 1118.75 || 1155.31 || 1241.27 |- | SN004 || 234.18 || 291.42 || 627.50 || 655.31 || 719.69 || 754.06 || 1122.81 || 1160.00 || 1249.38 |- | SN005 || 239.69 || 294.23 || 630.63 || 657.50 || 720.31 || 756.56 || 1128.50 || 1164.06 || 1249.38 |- |} <!-- {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Four Unit Frame - Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Modal Index !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 |- | SN001 || 246.25 || 301.41 || 656.09 || 677.50 || 728.59 || 766.65 || 1171.25 || 1204.84 || 1260.16 |- | SN002 || 237.81 || 294.52 || 632.50 || 659.38 || 719.69 || 755.63 || 1132.81 || 1167.81 || 1247.19 |- | SN003 || 234.18 || 291.71 || 624.38 || 652.81 || 715.31 || 751.99 || 1118.75 || 1155.31 || 1241.27 |- | SN004 || 234.18 || 291.42 || 627.50 || 655.31 || 719.69 || 754.06 || 1122.81 || 1160.00 || 1249.38 |- | SN005 || 239.69 || 294.23 || 630.63 || 657.50 || 720.31 || 756.56 || 1128.50 || 1164.06 || 1249.38 |- |} {| class="wikitable" |+ Four Unit Frames Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Modal Index !! SN001 !! SN002 !! SN003 !! SN004 !! SN005 |- | 1 || 246.25 || 237.81 || 234.18 || 234.18 || 239.69 |- | 2 || 301.41 || 294.52 || 291.71 || 291.42 || 294.23 |- | 3 || 656.09 || 632.50 || 624.38 || 627.5 || 630.63 |- | 4 || 677.50 || 659.38 || 652.81 || 655.31 || 657.50 |- | 5 || 728.59 || 719.69 || 715.31 || 719.69 || 720.31 |- | 6 || 766.65 || 755.63 || 751.99 || 754.06 || 756.56 |- | 7 || 1171.25 || 1132.81 || 1118.75 || 1122.81 || 1128.5 |- | 8 || 1204.84 || 1167.81 || 1155.31 || 1160.00 || 1164.06 |- | 9 || 1260.16 || 1247.19 || 1241.27 || 1249.38 || 1249.38 |- |} --> 09f94c1625794646e44525267d6c1b92d57c7cdb 1049 1046 2024-03-12T22:07:56Z Bmoldenhauer 61 wikitext text/x-wiki Modal frequency and weight measurements taken by Sandia National Laboratories for the Dynamic Substructuring Four Unit frames, thin wings, and thick wings. == Weights == Four Unit Frames & Wings weights measured by Sandia National Laboratories with a Mettler Toledo SG32001 Balance. [[File:Frames.jpg|500px|Four Unit Frames]] [[File:Wings.jpg|500px|Wings]] '''1st Manufactured Set''' * Note: Frame SN006 was never made and does not exist. * Note: Thick Wings 1B-6B seem to be 1/8" larger in both in-plane dimensions relative to the drawing (22.125"x4.51" vs 22"x4.385"). {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Frame !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | SN001 || 626.4 || 1.381 |- | SN002 || 624.1 || 1.376 |- | SN003 || 625.5 || 1.379 |- | SN004 || 622.3 || 1.372 |- | SN005 || 621.9 || 1.371 |- | - || - || - |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thin Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING001A || 523.7 || 1.1545 |- | WING002A || 526.8 || 1.1615 |- | WING003A || 522.5 || 1.1520 |- | WING004A || 528.2 || 1.1645 |- | WING005A || 526.8 || 1.1615 |- | WING006A || 525.4 || 1.1585 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thick Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING001B || 1129.7 || 2.4905 |- | WING002B || 1125.1 || 2.4805 |- | WING003B || 1133.1 || 2.4980 |- | WING004B || 1132.8 || 2.4975 |- | WING005B || 1131.5 || 2.4945 |- | WING006B || 1134.2 || 2.5005 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Current Location |- | Italy, University of L'Aquila |- | USA, University of Massachusetts Lowell |- | Sweden, Linnaeus University |- | Netherlands, VIBES.technology |- | Germany, Bosch |- | USA, Sandia National Laboratories |- |} '''2nd Manufactured Set''' * Note: Frame & Wing Set 008 & Set 009 were shipped out before weighing {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Frame !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | SN007 || 623.9 || 1.3755 |- | SN008 || - || - |- | SN009 || - || - |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thin Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING007A || 530.3 || 1.1691 |- | WING008A || - || - |- | WING009A || - || - |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thick Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING007B || 1091.8 || 2.4070 |- | WING008B || - || - |- | WING009B || - || - |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Current Location |- | USA, Sandia National Laboratories |- | Germany, Technical University of Munich |- | - |- |} '''3rd Manufactured Set''' {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Frame !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | SN010 || 628.6 || 1.3858 |- | SN011 || 629.5 || 1.3878 |- | SN012 || 628.8 || 1.3863 |- | SN013 || 629.7 || 1.3883 |- | SN014 || 627.8 || 1.3841 |- | SN015 || 629.5 || 1.3878 |- | SN016 || 635.8 || 1.4017 |- | SN017 || 629.7 || 1.3883 |- | SN018 || 625.5 || 1.3790 |- | SN019 || 628.4 || 1.3854 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thin Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING010A || 527.4 || 1.1627 |- | WING011A || 528.0 || 1.1640 |- | WING012A || 528.0 || 1.1640 |- | WING013A || 527.7 || 1.1634 |- | WING014A || 528.1 || 1.1643 |- | WING015A || 527.5 || 1.1629 |- | WING016A || 528.4 || 1.1649 |- | WING017A || 528.7 || 1.1656 |- | WING018A || 527.7 || 1.1634 |- | WING019A || 527.3 || 1.1625 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Thick Wing !! Weight [g] !! Weight [lb] |- | WING010B || 1091.6 || 2.4066 |- | WING011B || 1094.1 || 2.4121 |- | WING012B || 1082.5 || 2.3865 |- | WING013B || 1083.7 || 2.3892 |- | WING014B || 1089.3 || 2.4015 |- | WING015B || 1091.8 || 2.4070 |- | WING016B || 1093.8 || 2.4114 |- | WING017B || 1090.1 || 2.4033 |- | WING018B || 1094.0 || 2.4119 |- | WING019B || 1093.4 || 2.4105 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 25px; text-align: center;" ! Current Location |- | Sweden, Linnaeus University |- | USA, University of Georgia |- | USA, University of Washington |- | USA, Brigham Young University |- | USA, Rice University |- | UK, Swansea University |- | Slovenia, University of Ljubljana |- | Turkey, Middle East Technical University |- | USA, Sandia National Laboratories |- | USA, Sandia National Laboratories |- |} ==Modal Frequencies== Frame Natural frequencies from LDV testing {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Four Unit Frame - Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Frame !! Mode 1 !! Mode 2 !! Mode 3 !! Mode 4 !! Mode 5 !! Mode 6 !! Mode 7 !! Mode 8 !! Mode 9 |- | SN001 || 246.25 || 301.41 || 656.09 || 677.50 || 728.59 || 766.65 || 1171.25 || 1204.84 || 1260.16 |- | SN002 || 237.81 || 294.52 || 632.50 || 659.38 || 719.69 || 755.63 || 1132.81 || 1167.81 || 1247.19 |- | SN003 || 234.18 || 291.71 || 624.38 || 652.81 || 715.31 || 751.99 || 1118.75 || 1155.31 || 1241.27 |- | SN004 || 234.18 || 291.42 || 627.50 || 655.31 || 719.69 || 754.06 || 1122.81 || 1160.00 || 1249.38 |- | SN005 || 239.69 || 294.23 || 630.63 || 657.50 || 720.31 || 756.56 || 1128.50 || 1164.06 || 1249.38 |- |} <!-- {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Four Unit Frame - Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Modal Index !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 |- | SN001 || 246.25 || 301.41 || 656.09 || 677.50 || 728.59 || 766.65 || 1171.25 || 1204.84 || 1260.16 |- | SN002 || 237.81 || 294.52 || 632.50 || 659.38 || 719.69 || 755.63 || 1132.81 || 1167.81 || 1247.19 |- | SN003 || 234.18 || 291.71 || 624.38 || 652.81 || 715.31 || 751.99 || 1118.75 || 1155.31 || 1241.27 |- | SN004 || 234.18 || 291.42 || 627.50 || 655.31 || 719.69 || 754.06 || 1122.81 || 1160.00 || 1249.38 |- | SN005 || 239.69 || 294.23 || 630.63 || 657.50 || 720.31 || 756.56 || 1128.50 || 1164.06 || 1249.38 |- |} {| class="wikitable" |+ Four Unit Frames Modal Frequencies [Hz] |- ! Modal Index !! SN001 !! SN002 !! SN003 !! SN004 !! SN005 |- | 1 || 246.25 || 237.81 || 234.18 || 234.18 || 239.69 |- | 2 || 301.41 || 294.52 || 291.71 || 291.42 || 294.23 |- | 3 || 656.09 || 632.50 || 624.38 || 627.5 || 630.63 |- | 4 || 677.50 || 659.38 || 652.81 || 655.31 || 657.50 |- | 5 || 728.59 || 719.69 || 715.31 || 719.69 || 720.31 |- | 6 || 766.65 || 755.63 || 751.99 || 754.06 || 756.56 |- | 7 || 1171.25 || 1132.81 || 1118.75 || 1122.81 || 1128.5 |- | 8 || 1204.84 || 1167.81 || 1155.31 || 1160.00 || 1164.06 |- | 9 || 1260.16 || 1247.19 || 1241.27 || 1249.38 || 1249.38 |- |} --> 20399990d96ed52c16fd82dc6234570cc50bb423 0 217 1024 997 2024-02-13T20:46:29Z Bmoldenhauer 61 /* About the Dynamic Substructures Technical Division */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division's Wiki.''' In this space we will share ideas and data. Feel free to edit this page or other pages! == Dynamic Substructuring Wiki:Main Pages == [[:Category:Contributor|Contributors]] | Here is a list of the current contributors. Add information about what you are working on, etc. [[Test Bed Information|Wind Turbine Test Bed]] | Information on the Ampair 600 Wind Turbine test bed [[Round Robin Frame Structure]] | Information on the new round-robin frame structure [[:Category:Experiments|Experiments]] | Here is a list of current and past experiments on all of the test beds / round robin structures. [[:Category:Models|Models]] | Here are models developed by contributors [[:Category:Info|Knowledge Base]] | This is a place to collect information that may be helpful to others in the substructuring community. To see a page with a list of categories, click [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:Categories here] == Knowledge Base (Including Tutorials on Substructuring) == [[Tutorials]] | See the tutorial page by clicking this link [[IMAC_Substr_Papers|Substructuring Papers in IMAC]] | List of all of the papers from IMAC proceedings in substructuring related sessions [[Bibliography]] | Here is a list of links to conference and journal papers about dynamic substructuring, with space for notes from the authors. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. To request access contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. == About the Dynamic Substructures Technical Division == The Dynamic Substructuring Technical Division is a group of collaborating researchers who meet annually at the [https://sem.org/ Society for Experimental Mechanics] [https://sem.org/imac International Modal Analysis Conference] each year. The group is led by: * Chair: Walter D'Ambrogio ([http://www.ing.univaq.it/personale/scheda_personale.php?codice=132 University of L'Aquila]) * Vice Chair: Daniel Roettgen ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) * Secretary: Maarten van der Seijs ([https://www.vibestechnology.com/ Vibes Technology]) * Historian: Ben Davis ([https://engineering.uga.edu/team_member/r-benjamin-davis/ University of Georgia]) Past Chairs: * 2020-2022 - Matt Allen ([http://byusdrg.com Brigham Young University]) * 2018-2020 - Andreas Linderholt ([https://lnu.se/en/staff/andreas.linderholt/ Linnaeus University]) * 2016-2018 - Randall L. Mayes ([http://www.sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories]) This Wiki is maintained by SEM. == Photo of Attendees at IMAC 2024 == [[File:TDPhoto_2024.jpg|800px]] IMAC 2024, Orlando, Florida [[Photos of Past IMACs]] 91a8834ff50c42f7b5b0d20e2cc2e06288665437 0 14 1025 861 2024-02-19T18:31:39Z Bmoldenhauer 61 wikitext text/x-wiki The Atomic Weapons Establishment used scanning laser measurements to create an accurate geometric model of the blade. This measurement was averaged and curve fitted over 3 Ampair 600 blades. The measurement is available in the text file here: [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/File:Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt]. The file is actually in 'step' model format so please rename to *.stp after downloading. The pictures are screen captures that Matt Allen created in SolidWorks 2012 after opening the *.stp file. [[File:AWEBladeScan.png|700px|https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/File:Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt]] [[File:AWEBladeScan_Back.png|700px|https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/File:Scanned_averaged_blade_geometry.txt]] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:Models]] [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:AmpAir]] 9bcd0faa65381a7c9240c23d4a9bcc442546da40 0 334 1026 969 2024-02-19T18:45:00Z Bmoldenhauer 61 /* Test Pictures */ wikitext text/x-wiki At IMAC XL Sandia presented results using the Transmission Simulator to create a hybrid assembly of the four unit frame with the thin wing set. This was complete using hardware: *SN003 [Frame] *WING003A [Thin Wing] With connections only used at the four corner points on the interface. == Substructuring Schematic == [[File:Substru.png|none|600px|Substructuring Schematic]] The team used the traditional Transmission Simulator method performing 3 tests to complete their hybrid predictions. Testing was completed on: *A Frame and Plate Assembly *A Wing and Plate Assembly *A Plate For each data set testing was performed with a scanning LDV system. ==Substructuring Mathematics== To complete substructuring three experimental sets of data were used to fit modal modes for each substructure [[File:Eq1.jpg|none|500px|uncoupled equations of motion]] Constraints were defined connecting the wing/plate substructure to a lone plate and the frame/plate substructure the same. [[File:Eq2.jpg|none|400px|constraints definition]] The null space function was used to determine our localization matrix L [[File:Eq3.jpg|none|100px|Transformation Matrix Solution]] L-matrix used to enforce constraints on equations of motion and predict system assembly response [[File:Eq4.jpg|none|500px|Synthesized Prediction]] ==Test Pictures== <gallery widths=300px heights=300px> File:FrameTS.png | Frame and Plate File:WingTS.png| Wing and Plate File:TS.png| Plate File:Test4.jpg| Truth Assembly </gallery> ==Results== Predictions led to low frequency and damping error with room to improve on modes with elastic transmission simulator motion. [[File:Results.jpg|none|Substructuring Predictions]] [[Category:Dynamic Substructure Four Unit Frame]] b0dcc71a8eb60eef573069f51e273471462bc975 0 36 1027 894 2024-02-19T18:54:54Z Bmoldenhauer 61 wikitext text/x-wiki This test was performed in early January 2012 One set of measurements were taken. The hammer was roved over approximately 20 points on the structure to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points, primarily on the blade. The span of the test was 0 to 800 Hz. == Photos == <gallery mode="nolines" widths=400px heights=500px> Image: UW_NoBlade_Turbine_Front.jpg | Front View Image: UW_NoBlade_Turbine.jpg | Rear View </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_No_Blade_Test_Geometry.zip|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_NoBlade_Turbine_Test.rar|Dataset 1]] <gallery mode="nolines" widths=400px heights=500px> File: UW_Zero_Blade_Test_Geo.jpg | Point Resolution, Front View File: UW_Zero_Blade_Test_Geo_Side.jpg | Point Resolution, Side View </gallery> == Results == <gallery mode="nolines" widths=300px heights=500px> File: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_1.jpg | Mode 1 File: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_2.jpg | Mode 2 File: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_3.jpg | Mode 3 File: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_4.jpg | Mode 4 File: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_5.jpg | Mode 5 File: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_6.jpg | Mode 6 File: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_7.jpg | Mode 7 File: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_8.jpg | Mode 8 File: UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_9.jpg | Mode 9 </gallery> [[Category:Experiments]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] 3bd336f3eeffbdd25d50a0518fd0bc9e904d2ead 1028 1027 2024-02-19T19:07:21Z Bmoldenhauer 61 /* Results */ wikitext text/x-wiki This test was performed in early January 2012 One set of measurements were taken. The hammer was roved over approximately 20 points on the structure to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points, primarily on the blade. The span of the test was 0 to 800 Hz. == Photos == <gallery mode="nolines" widths=400px heights=500px> Image: UW_NoBlade_Turbine_Front.jpg | Front View Image: UW_NoBlade_Turbine.jpg | Rear View </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_No_Blade_Test_Geometry.zip|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_NoBlade_Turbine_Test.rar|Dataset 1]] <gallery mode="nolines" widths=400px heights=500px> File: UW_Zero_Blade_Test_Geo.jpg | Point Resolution, Front View File: UW_Zero_Blade_Test_Geo_Side.jpg | Point Resolution, Side View </gallery> == Results == [[File:UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_1.jpg|500px|Mode 1]] [[File:UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_2.jpg|500px|Mode 2]] [[File:UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_3.jpg|500px|Mode 3]] [[File:UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_4.jpg|500px|Mode 4]] [[File:UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_5.jpg|500px|Mode 5]] [[File:UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_6.jpg|500px|Mode 6]] [[File:UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_7.jpg|500px|Mode 7]] [[File:UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_8.jpg|500px|Mode 8]] [[File:UW_ZeroTurbine_Mode_9.jpg|500px|Mode 9]] [[Category:Experiments]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] 260733006806da18a413f9b7713e147d6c49e56c 0 22 1032 891 2024-02-19T23:20:32Z Bmoldenhauer 61 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Details== This test was performed in early January 2012 Two sets of measurements were taken with varying accelerometer locations. The hammer was roved over approximately 40 points on the structure to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points, primarily on the blade. The span of the test was 0 to 800 Hz. == Photos == [[File: UW_2Blade_Turbine.jpg|frameless|upright=1.5|2-bladed Turbine Configuration]] == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geometry.zip|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Turbine_Test_1.rar|Dataset 1]] | [[:File:UW_Two_Blade_Turbine_Test_2.rar|Dataset 2]] <gallery mode="nolines" widths=400px heights=500px> Image: UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geo.jpg | Test Geometry, Front View Image: UW_Two_Blade_Test_Geo_Side.jpg | Test Geometry, Side View </gallery> == Results == [[File:UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_1.jpg|500px|Mode 1]] [[File:UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_2.jpg|500px|Mode 2]] [[File:UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_3.jpg|500px|Mode 3]] [[File:UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_4.jpg|500px|Mode 4]] [[File:UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_5.jpg|500px|Mode 5]] [[File:UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_6.jpg|500px|Mode 6]] [[File:UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_7.jpg|500px|Mode 7]] [[File:UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_8.jpg|500px|Mode 8]] [[File:UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_9.jpg|500px|Mode 9]] [[File:UW_TwoTurbine_Mode_10.jpg|500px|Mode 10]] [[Category:Experiments]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] b0e9e797077907e2bd71ce5772f656df04be5ee4 0 25 1033 892 2024-02-20T00:36:28Z Bmoldenhauer 61 wikitext text/x-wiki == Test Information == This test was performed in early January 2012 Two sets of measurement were taken with separate accelerometer positions. The hammer was roved over approximately 60 points on the structure to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points, primarily on the blades. The span of the test was 0 to 800 Hz. Due to a hardware limitation of 4 channels (3 accelerometers and 1 hammer) per test, the data was taken in two sets, using a total of 6 accelerometer locations. The accelerometers were placed off-center (to capture blade torsion) near the tips of the blades, and on the turbine nacelle. B+K Pulse Labshop software was used for data acquisition. == Photos == <gallery widths=400px heights=500px> Image:UW_Full_Test_Accel_Mount.jpg|Typical Blade Accelerometer Setup Image:UW_Full_Test_Accel_Mount_Hub.jpg|Hub Accelerometers, Triaxial and Single Axis Image:UW_Full_Turbine_Accel_Locs.jpg|All Accelerometers--Wires were secured for test Image:UW_Full_Turbine_Points.jpg|Points used in Testing </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_Full_Turbine_Geometry.zip|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_Full_Turbine_Test_1.rar|Dataset 1]] | [[:File:UW_Full_Turbine_Test_2.rar|Dataset 2]] <gallery mode="nolines" widths=400px heights=500px> Image:UW_Full_turbine_geo.jpg | Point Resolution, Front View Image:UW_Full_turbine_geo_side.jpg | Point Resolution, Side View </gallery> == Results == [[File:UW_FullTurbine_Mode_1.jpg|500px|Mode 1]] [[File:UW_FullTurbine_Mode_2.jpg|500px|Mode 2]] [[File:UW_FullTurbine_Mode_3.jpg|500px|Mode 3]] [[File:UW_FullTurbine_Mode_4.jpg|500px|Mode 4]] [[File:UW_FullTurbine_Mode_5.jpg|500px|Mode 5]] [[File:UW_FullTurbine_Mode_6.jpg|500px|Mode 6]] [[File:UW_FullTurbine_Mode_7.jpg|500px|Mode 7]] [[File:UW_FullTurbine_Mode_8.jpg|500px|Mode 8]] [[File:UW_FullTurbine_Mode_9.jpg|500px|Mode 9]] [[File:UW_FullTurbine_Mode_10.jpg|500px|Mode 10]] [[Category:Experiments]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] aec5c81f3b39ca13f6e1caad7ee38f7a39218472 1035 1033 2024-02-20T00:41:35Z Bmoldenhauer 61 wikitext text/x-wiki == Test Information == This test was performed in early January 2012 Two sets of measurement were taken with separate accelerometer positions. The hammer was roved over approximately 60 points on the structure to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points, primarily on the blades. The span of the test was 0 to 800 Hz. Due to a hardware limitation of 4 channels (3 accelerometers and 1 hammer) per test, the data was taken in two sets, using a total of 6 accelerometer locations. The accelerometers were placed off-center (to capture blade torsion) near the tips of the blades, and on the turbine nacelle. B+K Pulse Labshop software was used for data acquisition. == Photos == <gallery widths=400px heights=400px> Image:UW_Full_Test_Accel_Mount.jpg|Typical Blade Accelerometer Setup Image:UW_Full_Test_Accel_Mount_Hub.jpg|Hub Accelerometers, Triaxial and Single Axis Image:UW_Full_Turbine_Accel_Locs.jpg|All Accelerometers--Wires were secured for test Image:UW_Full_Turbine_Points.jpg|Points used in Testing </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_Full_Turbine_Geometry.zip|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_Full_Turbine_Test_1.rar|Dataset 1]] | [[:File:UW_Full_Turbine_Test_2.rar|Dataset 2]] <gallery mode="nolines" widths=400px heights=400px> Image:UW_Full_turbine_geo.jpg | Point Resolution, Front View Image:UW_Full_turbine_geo_side.jpg | Point Resolution, Side View </gallery> == Results == [[File:UW_FullTurbine_Mode_1.jpg|500px|Mode 1]] [[File:UW_FullTurbine_Mode_2.jpg|500px|Mode 2]] [[File:UW_FullTurbine_Mode_3.jpg|500px|Mode 3]] [[File:UW_FullTurbine_Mode_4.jpg|500px|Mode 4]] [[File:UW_FullTurbine_Mode_5.jpg|500px|Mode 5]] [[File:UW_FullTurbine_Mode_6.jpg|500px|Mode 6]] [[File:UW_FullTurbine_Mode_7.jpg|500px|Mode 7]] [[File:UW_FullTurbine_Mode_8.jpg|500px|Mode 8]] [[File:UW_FullTurbine_Mode_9.jpg|500px|Mode 9]] [[File:UW_FullTurbine_Mode_10.jpg|500px|Mode 10]] [[Category:Experiments]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] 3c919e8db72f9bd7d7ae5baf964e718482c98b0d 0 195 1034 791 2024-02-20T00:40:01Z Bmoldenhauer 61 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Details== This test was performed in summer 2014. == Photos == <gallery widths=500px heights=500px> Image: 3bladeV2.jpg | 3-Bladed Rotor Assembly Image: 1bladeV2.jpg | 1-Bladed Rotor Assembly </gallery> == Data and Geometry == Data from the three bladed test has been uploaded, single blade test and geometry file forthcoming. High level hits were taken at three driving point locations on the hub of the system. [[:File:AssemblyNLData2014.zip|3-Bladed Test]] == Results == This data has been screened for potential nonlinear traits using the ZEFFT and Hilbert Transform algorithms. Examples below show results for the 5th mode. <gallery widths=500px heights=500px> Image: UW2014ZEFFT.jpg | ZEFFT Spectrum 5th Mode Image: UW2014HilbDamp.jpg | Damping vs. Velocity Amplitude 5th Mode </gallery> [[Category:Experiments]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] [[Category:Ampair]] [[Category:Non-Linear Testing]] 7ed56cd015fb675dbf70a7dcc203d5153064d827 0 201 1036 895 2024-02-20T00:42:47Z Bmoldenhauer 61 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Details== This test was performed in summer 2014. Measurements were taken from a single blade and hub and three blade and hub assembly using a hammer impulse. == Photos == <gallery widths=500px heights=500px> Image: 3bladeV2.jpg | 3-Bladed Rotor Assembly Image: 1bladeV2.jpg | 1-Bladed Rotor Assembly </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in .mat format. Test shapes have been uploaded. The ZIP file contains a single blade and hub shape results, a set of shapes for the single hub, and then the full three-bladed assembly truth test results. [[:File:UW Ampair TestShapes2014.zip|Test Shape]] <gallery widths=500px heights=500px> Image: UW2014 SS CoordinateSys.PNG | Coordinate System Diagram Image: MeasurementResolution2014 UW SS.jpg | Measurement Resolution </gallery> == Results == Mode Shape Images Forthcoming. [[Category:Experiments]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] 4772e13679fb63d2374d1e2afdbaa00d77e58d9e 0 24 1037 893 2024-02-20T00:46:18Z Bmoldenhauer 61 wikitext text/x-wiki This test was performed in early January 2012. One set of measurements was taken. The hammer was roved over approximately 20 points to obtain a fairly dense pattern of points. == Mass-Loading Fixture == To mass-load the interface, a block of steel was sandwiched between two aluminum plates, similar to how the blade is held by the wind turbine. This added mass represents a type of transmission simulator for the blade. It is mostly rigid in the frequency span of interest. == Photos == <gallery mode="nolines" widths=500px heights=500px> Image: UW_Blade_Front.jpg | Front View of test frame and soft spring support condition Image: UW_Blade_Back.jpg | Back Side of the blade with accelerometers visible Image: UW_Blade_Back_2.jpg | Close up of tip accelerometer </gallery> == Data and Geometry == All data sets are in the universal file format. Use [http://www.rarlab.com/ WinRAR] or similar to decompress the Dataset Files [[:File:UW_Blade_Test_Geometry.zip|Geometry File]] | [[:File:UW_Mass_Loaded_Blade_Test.rar|Dataset 1]] <gallery mode="nolines" widths=500px heights=500px> Image:UW_Blade_Geo.jpg | Point Resolution, Front View </gallery> == Results == [[File:UW_MLBlade_Mode_1.jpg|500px|Mode 1]] [[File:UW_MLBlade_Mode_2.jpg|500px|Mode 2]] [[File:UW_MLBlade_Mode_3.jpg|500px|Mode 3]] [[File:UW_MLBlade_Mode_4.jpg|500px|Mode 4]] [[File:UW_MLBlade_Mode_5.jpg|500px|Mode 5]] [[File:UW_MLBlade_Mode_6.jpg|500px|Mode 6]] [[Category:Experiments]] [[Category:Wisconsin]] c310627c3af5087a8014219eaeed9916fc20225b 0 18 1038 687 2024-02-21T00:03:25Z Bmoldenhauer 61 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:ChalmersLogo_2.png|right|150px|link=http://www.chalmers.se]] Chalmers University of Technology have initially focused on investigating the blades for the Ampair turbine; several free-free vibration tests as well as destructive testing of blades have been performed. A master student, Mladen Gibanica, is currently working on using substructuring techniques to couple analytical and experimental models of the blades to the hub. Calibrated FE models of the blades have also been developed. == Experiments Performed == *[[Geometric and dynamic characterization of 12 blades-Chalmers]] *Additional testing of blade 963-Chalmers == Calculations Performed == Analysis of blade spread from 12 blades *Paper describing this: [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/File:179_gib.pdf Spread in modal data obtained from wind turbine blade testing], presented at the 31th IMAC, Garden Grove, CA, February 11-14, 2013 == Models == Calibrated FE model *Paper describing this: [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/File:108_joh.pdf Modeling and calibration of small-scale wind turbine blade], presented at the 31th IMAC, Garden Grove, CA, February 11-14, 2013 [[Category:Contributor]] [[Category:AmpAir]] 08c318a73031f69df50d184f903c4c295bde526f 0 226 1047 732 2024-03-05T15:47:32Z Bmoldenhauer 61 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Welcome to the SEM/IMAC Smart Dynamic Testing Community of Practice's Wiki.''' In this space we strive to motivate Smart Dynamic Testing for industrial applications. Smart Dynamic Testing provides a technical basis that will reduce cost, schedule and risk and increase reliability for dynamic qualification of components and systems. == Smart Dynamic Testing Community of Practice Wiki:Main Pages == <!-- [[:Category:Members|Members]] | Here is a list of the members who have participated in the in-person and on-line meeting in the 2018-2021 time frame. --> [[:Category:White Papers|White Papers]] | Here are the white papers and survey results that express the industrial needs the Community of Practice has identified. [[:Category:Meeting Minutes|Meeting Minutes]] | Here are the meeting minutes. == Getting started == * [[Usage Guidelines]] * [[Wiki_basics|Wiki-Basics]] * [[Guide for Uploading Files]] * See the "special pages" for a [https://sem.mywikis.wiki/wiki/Special:ListFiles list of the files and images] that are part of this site. * Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * You can log in to edit the Wiki using your SEM account. To request access contact [mailto:nuno@sem.org Nuno Lopes]. == About the Smart Dynamic Testing Community of Practice == The Smart Dynamic Testing Community of Practice is a group of industrial dynamicists and university researchers originally organized by Professor David Ewins of Imperial College who were seeing industrial needs for shock and vibration qualification being poorly met. The earliest meetings were a workshop in Arlington, Virginia (2018) and IMAC in 2019. Jason Foley from the Air Force Research Lab suggested an industry survey of needs and resulting white papers outlining shorter term research areas. Professor Pablo Tarazaga (now moved to Texas A&M) led efforts at Virginia Tech for an industrial survey of shock and vibration needs. Matt Allen has provided administrative leadership and been editor of one of the white papers. Randy Mayes (retired from Sandia National Laboratories) edited another white paper. Ewins, Tarazaga and Mayes made contributions to the original white paper defining the overarching initial needs for Smart Dynamic Testing. The participating organizations defining areas of need from the industrial survey were the Atomic Weapons Establishment (UK), Air Force Research Labs (USA), Fronhauffer (Germany), Ministry of Defence (UK), National Air and Space Administration (USA), National Security Campus (USA Department of Energy), Naval Surface Warfare Center (USA), Redstone Arsenal (US Army), Rolls Royce Jet Engines (UK), Sandia National Laboratories (USA Department of Energy). Randy Mayes originated this page for the SEM wiki. fa3fbc5d6ef6c41cabef9e58debfb00472edfd86